TEACHER’S CLUB EXAMS

GRADE 11

LIFE SCIENCES:Half-year exam

MARKS: 150

TIME: 2½ hours

INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATIONRead the instructions carefully before answering the questions. 1. Answer ALL the questions. 2. Start the answer to each question at the top of a NEW page. 3. Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this question paper. 4. Write neatly and legibly. 5. If you do NOT present the answers according to the instructions of each question, you will lose marks. 6. Do ALL drawings in pencil and label them in blue or black ink. 7. Only draw diagrams or flow charts when you are requested to do so. 8. The diagrams in this question paper are not necessarily drawn to scale. 9. You are NOT allowed to use graph paper. 10. You may use protractors, compasses and non-programmable calculators.

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Section A

Question 1

Question 1.1

Various possible answers are provided for each question. Write only the letter for the correct answer next to the corresponding number.

1.1.1 Blood type O recipients can receive blood from … A only blood type O and A donors B all blood type donors C only blood type B and O donors D only blood type O donors. (2)

1.1.2 A traditional treatment for malaria is the use of ... A the hoodia plant B quinine C African potato D marula berries. (2)

1.1.3 The humerus, femur and tibia are all examples of ... A short bones B flat bones C long bones D irregular bones. (2)

1.1.4 Which region of the spine does the vertebra shown in the diagram below come from?

A lumbar B thoracic C cervical D sacrum (2)

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1.1.5 The cardiovascular disease that is caused by having too few red blood cells is ...

A hypertension B anaemia C low blood pressure D a stroke. (2)

[10]

Question 1.2

Give the correct biological term for each description. Write only the term next to the relevant question number.

1.2.1 a single layer of parenchyma cells that gives rise to lateral roots (1)

1.2.2 the waxy, waterproof band that helps channel the movement of water into the xylem vessels (1)

1.2.3 the type of synovial joint that allows movement in all directions (1)

1.2.4 a condition that causes inflammation, stiffness and swelling of one or more joints (1)

1.2.5 the double membrane that surrounds the heart (1)[5]

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Question 1.3

Each question consists of a statement or description in the first column and two items numbered (a) and (b) in the second column. Consider which item(s) relate(s) to the statement or description. Write your choice next to the relevant question number using the following codes.

• A – if only item (a) refers to the statement or description• B – if only item (b) refers to the statement or description• C – if both items (a) and (b) refer to the statement or description• D – if neither of the items refers to the statement or description

Statement or description Items

1.3.1 artherosclerosis(a) cholesterol

(b) heart attack

1.3.2 bilharzia(a) blood in urine

(b) Plasmodium vivax

1.3.3 destroying bacteria(a) pasteurisation

(b) fermentation

1.3.4 open circulatory systems(a) humans

(b) fish

1.3.5 rickets(a) lack of vitamin D

(b) lack of calcium

[10]

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Question 1.4

Look at the flow chart below and answer the questions that follow.

1.4.1 What is the name of the process shown in the flow chart? (1)

1.4.2 What is copper ore? (1)

1.4.3 List the two important functions of Thiobacillus in the above process. (2)

1.4.4 To which kingdom does Thiobacillus belong? (1)

1.4.5 Heating copper sulfide is the traditional method of extracting copper. This produces sulfur dioxide as a waste product which is released into the atmosphere. Although the traditional process is faster, the use of bacteria is more environmentally friendly. Explain why. (2)

1.4.6 Which other important metal in South Africa is extracted using bacteria? (1)

1.4.7 Name two other economic uses of bacteria. (2)[10]

Leaching solution – active iron, sulfate and Thiobacillus

COPPER ORE

Copper is removed.

Thiobacillus converts the inactive iron back into active iron.

Copper sulfide converted to copper sulfate by Thiobacillus. Active iron releases the copper from the sulfate.

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Question 1.5

The diagram below shows a nephron. Look at it carefully and answer the questions that follow.

1.5.1 Name the organ in which a nephron is found. (1)

1.5.2 Provide the labels A to D. (4)

1.5.3 Give only the letter of the structure(s) in which the following functions occur. a) glomerular filtration (2) b) tubular secretion (1)

[8]

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Question 1.6

The graph below shows the change in pressure in the ventricles during one cardiac cycle.

Graph showing ventricular pressure

1.6.1 What is the maximum pressure during ventricular systole? (2)

1.6.2 Would you expect the aortic pressure to be higher or lower at this point? Give a reason for your choice. (2)

1.6.3 What would you predict the atrial pressure to be during general diastole? Give a reason for your answer. (2)

1.6.4 At which point in the cardiac cycle will the semi-lunar valves be open and the cuspid valves be closed? (1)

[7]

Total Question 1: 50 marksTotal Section A: 50 marks

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Section B

Question 2

Question 2.1

The aortic artery has a diameter of about 2 cm and is the largest blood vessel in the human body.

2.1.1 What is the function of the aorta? (3)

2.1.2 Tabulate two differences between arteries and capillaries. (4)

2.1.3 Which blood vessels have valves? Explain the reason for this. (3)

2.1.4 Write a short paragraph in which you discuss the role of blood in African tradition. (4)

[14]

Question 2.2

Look at the photographs below and answer the questions that follow.

Animal A Animal B

2.2.1 Identify the skeleton type of animals A and B. (2)

2.2.2 Tabulate one advantage and one disadvantage of each skeleton type in your answer to Question 2.2.1. (4)

[6]

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Question 2.3

2.3.1 List three reasons why fungi are not placed in the plant kingdom. (3)

2.3.2 Traditional beer plays a very important role in African culture. a) Why is African beer healthier than other alcoholic drinks? (1) b) What role does yeast and sorghum play in the beer-making process? (3) c) How do women use the thick froth that forms on the top of the beer

pot? (1) d) What happens to the grain that is left in the sieve? (2)

[10]

Total Question 2: 30 marks

Question 3

Question 3.1

The graph below shows the number of reported cases of malaria in different regions of South Africa in 2004.

Graph showing the number of reported cases of malaria in different regions of South Africa in 2004

3.1.1 Which region has the greatest number of reported malaria cases in 2004? (1)

3.1.2 Why is malaria found only in certain regions of South Africa? (2)

3.1.3 Give the scientific name of the parasite that causes malaria. (1)

3.1.4 List the three stages of a malaria attack. (3)

3.1.5 Why is malaria referred to as a recurring disease? (3)

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3.1.6 Give the two main factors involved in controlling the spread of malaria. (2)

3.1.7 Explain how drug resistance to chloroquinine, the most common drug used to control malaria, has developed over time. (4)

[16]

Question 3.2

The data below show the composition of urine collected over a 24-hour period from four individuals. The composition of the urine collected was compared to the urine composition of normal urine. Using the information provided, answer the questions that follow.

SubstancesUrine composition

Normal Individual A

Individual B

Individual C

Individual D

protein 0 g 1 g 0 g 0 g 0 g

amino acids 0 g 0 g 0 g 0 g 2 g

glucose 0 g 0 g 2 g 0 g 0 g

urea 25 g 25 g 25 g 25 g 28 g

Na+ 5 g 4,5 g 5 g 6 g 1,5 g

Cl– 6 g 5 g 5,5 g 6 g 3 g

creatinine 4,5 g 4,5 g 4,5 g 5 g 4,5 g

water 1 000 ml 1 050 ml 995 ml 800 ml 1 150 ml

3.2.1 a) What is unusual about the urine composition of individual A? (1) b) Give and explain possible reasons for your answer to 3.2.1 a). (3)

3.2.2 a) Which individual is diabetic? (1) b) Give a reason for your choice. (1)

3.2.3 Discuss the evidence that indicates that individual C has just eaten a large packet of salty potato chips. (8)

[14]

Total Question 3: 30 marksTotal Section B: 60 marks

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Section C

Question 4

Question 4.1

Andrew set up an investigation for the rate of transpiration using a leafy twig, electric fan and potometer. His results are shown in the table.

Fan speed setting

Distance of water movement in potometer in 2 hours (mm)

off 0 mm

slow 2 mm

medium 5 mm

high 6 mm

4.1.1 Suggest a hypothesis for Andrew’s investigation. (2)

4.1.2 Name: a) the dependant variable (1) b) the independant variable (1) c) two fixed variables. (2)

4.1.3 State two precautions Andrew would have taken when he set up the potometer to ensure that he obtained accurate results. (2)

4.1.4 Plot a bar graph to show the findings of this investigation. (7)

4.1.5 Which reading would be considered the control? Give a reason for your answer. (2)

4.1.6 Give an explanation for the results Andrew observed. (3)[20]

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Question 4.2

A joint is a place where two or more bones meet. Joints hold your bones together. Every time you walk, sit down or hug someone you are using your bones, voluntary muscles and joints.

Write an essay about joints and movement using the following subheadings.• Classification of joints (3) • The role of cartilage, ligaments and tendons in movable joints (7)• Antagonistic muscles and joint movement (4)• Description of the contraction of voluntary muscle tissue (6)

Note: No marks will be awarded for answers in the form of flow charts or diagrams.[20]

Total Question 4: 40 marksTotal Section C: 40 marks

Grand total: 150 marks