Teacher's Guide to Teaching Chess

7/30/2019 Teacher's Guide to Teaching Chess

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SATRAN

RETMEN KILAVUZ KTABI

Dr. OLGUN KULA


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Bu kitabn her trl yayn hakk Trkiye Satran Federasyonuna aittir.Her hakk sakldr. Hi bir blm veya paragraf ksmen veya tamamen ya dazet halinde fotokopi,faksimile veya herhangi bir ekilde oaltlamaz,datlamaz. Normal ly aan iktibaslar yaplamaz. Normal ve kanuni

iktibaslarda kaynak gsterilmesi mecburidir.


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UNIT 4ATTACKING A PIECE

Attacking a pieceDiscovered attackingDouble attack

UNIT 5CHECK

CheckDiscovered checkDouble checkKing under attack

UNIT 6MATE/CHECKMATE

Mate/CheckmateMate with doublecheckMate positionsMates with twoMovesChampions

UNIT 7OTHER RULES

Castling 98Pawn Promotion 104Notation 108Stalemate 112Pointing 112

UNIT 8SIMPLE MATES

Stairs's mate 115Lazy's mate 116Scholar's mate 117Short mate examples 118Gentlemanliness 123

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UNIT 1MEET WITH CHESS

Meet With ChessWhat Is Chess? 3History of ChessThe Importanceof Chess

Chess in the WorldChess in the Turkey

UNIT 2LET'S LEARN CHESS BOARD

Chess boardThe speciallitiesOf chess boardRank

DiagonalName of the squaresCenter squares

UNIT 3LET'S LEARN THE CHESS

PIECESThe pieces of chessThe positionsof piecesThe moves ofThe piecesThe move of rook 29The move of bishop 33The move of queen 37The move of knight 41The move of pawn 45The move of king 50The power of pieces 54

1

4

5Atatrk ve chess 11nllerin satran ile

ilgili szleri 121314

17

1819

File 19202122

26

27

28

CONTENTS


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UNIT 13ENDGAME-2

Pawn against queenPawn against rook

UNIT 14PIN

Pin 178Pinning 179Attack 180

King's pin attack 182Attack to thepiece at pin 183Capture a pieceby using pin 187

UNIT 15DRAW IN CHESS

Insuffcent powerStalemate 1Poston repetton50 moves rule

UNIT 16ENDGAME-3

Passed Pawn 200Square Rule 201Pawn Promoton 203

169172

Chess clock 187

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UNIT 9ENDGAME-1

Queen mateOppositionRook mate

UNIT 10ATTACKING A PIECE-2

Fork 135

Skewer 141To protect theattacked piece 144

To remove theattacked piece 145

UNIT 11OPENING

Opening 150

Opening principles 151Ruy Lopez opening 154Berlin defence 155Exchange variatation 156

UNIT 12PIECE EXCHANCE

Piece exchange 159

Equal piece 160Good piece exchange 161Bad piece exchange 162Sacrifice 163First chess computer 166

126128129


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SUBJECTSWHAT IS CHESS?

HISTORY OF CHESSCHESS IN THE WORLD

CHESS IN TURKEYATATRK AND CHESS

THE IMPORTANCE OF CHESS

UNIT 1MEET WITH CHESS

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2

Period

THEAIMOF

THEUNIT

THEADVANTAGESFO

R

CHILDREN

SUBJECTS

EQUIPMENT

S

NT1

M

EETWITHCHESS

U

I

Thestudentswhofinishthisunit

succesfullywilllearn:

1-Knowledgeaboutchessg

ame

asasportwiththequotationsof

famouspeople.

2-Theadvantagesofchess.

3-Informationaboutchess

history.

4-Informationaboutchessinthe

worldandTurkey.

5-Atatrkgaveimportance

to

chessandhehadhisownchess

set.

ChessSet

DemonstrationBoard

Computer

Projection

To

introducechess

game.Toemphasizethis

gameasasport.Toteach

thebenefitsofchess.

Totelltheimportanceof

scienceaccording

to

Atatrk'sideas.

Toteachchildrenthat

Atatrkwasastrong

chessplayer.

MeetWithChess

HistoryofChess

TheImportanceof

Chess

ChessintheWorldand

Turkey

AtatrkandChess


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WHAT IS CHESS?

The Chess Game is a branch of sport, which is played between twoplayers. Chess includes all features of sport. This game is played on chessboard with chess pieces.

The chess pieces have two colors and the colors are white and black.One of the player plays with white and the other plays with black. At thebeginning of this game each side has 16 pieces and these pieces take place inan order on the board. The players make their moves one by one.The movement of chess pieces in obvious rules called move. The gamestarts with the move of white. The aim of this game is to beat the opponentand this is caled checkmate.

RULES OF CHESS

Chess game is played according the rules of FIDE (FederartionInternationale Des Eches).

FIDE RULESArticle 1: Bases of Chess1.1 The game of chess is played between two opponents who move their

pieces alternately on a square board called a `chessboard`. Theplayer with the white pieces commences the game. A player is said to`have the move`, when his opponent`s move has been made.

1.2 The objective of each player is to place the opponent`s king `underattack` in such a way that the opponent has no legal move. Theplayer who achieves this goal is said to have `checkmated` theopponent`s king and to have won the game. Leaving one`s own kingunder attack, exposing one`s own king to attack and also `capturing`the opponent`s king are not allowed. The opponent whose king has

been checkmated has lost the game.1.3 If the position is such that neither player can possibly checkmate,

the game is drawn.

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HISTORY OF CHESS

It is known that according to the found inscriptions in Egypt a game,similar to chess was played in BC 3000.The book, History of Chess written by Muret in 1913 mentioned that thisgame appeared in India in 570. The army of India consisted of 4 parts;elephants, horses, horse cars and pedestrians. The game named caturanga andthis name was the combination of catur, means four and anga, means part inSanskrit language. This game reached to Persia in 625 and Persians gave a newname to this game called catrang. Later on this game spreaded to Arabian

thPeninsula. Arabians captured Spain in the beginning of 8 centry so the gamepassed to Europe.

It was the turning point for chess to come to Spain. After the Arabianmanuscripts Spanish Lucane wrote the first chess book in 1497. It was spreadout to Italy, France then all araound European countries at the Renaissanceperiod.

There were important changes of the chess rules when it came toEurope. New rules had been added. At the beginning, chess was developing

thslowly. Modern chess rules had settled after 15 century. In the past, queen justwent one square diagonally. Bishop went forward one square just like knight.The strongest piece was rook

The first official chess tournament had been arranged in London in1851. Engish champion Howard Staunton suggested effective rules foreverybody. This offer provided the establishment of FIDE in Lahey, Holland in1924.

THE LEGEND OF CHESS

Brahman, the inventor of chess gave this game to his Shah as a present.The Shah who really liked this game asked Brahman if he had any wish.Brahman just wanted a piece of wheat from Shah. Because of Brahman'smodesty Shah asked how much did he want. Then Brahman wanted one piece ofwheat for the first square of chess board, two pieces of wheat for the secondsquare and four pieces for the

Shah accepted his wish and he gave an order to his viziers. After

counting of the wheat pieces, they understood the wheat in the country wouldnot be enough. Finally Shah congratulated Brahman because of his intelligence.

. The rook and pawn did not go forward twosquares. Castling rule was accepted later on. Previously, castling had been madeat two moves and it has been started to make at one move.

third square and he wanted double wheat piecesfor every previous square. he wanted wheat pieces for each square double timesof the previous one.

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THE IMPORTANCE AND ROLE OF CHESS IN CHILDEDUCATION

All parents want their child to grow up physically, emotionally andmentally. For this reason many parents send their children to social and sportfacilities. The aim is besides the development of child, they want him/her torecognize his/her environment better and improve his/her social abilities withbetter communication skills. Sport and social activities have role to improvethese skills. Also chess sport has special and different importance in this field.

The place of chess sport is important in education. This is natural

because there is a smilarity between chess and life more than the other sports.Some people tried to set up similarities between other sports and life even theywrote books and made movies. However none of the other sports match with lifeas chess. Because chess is not far from the life like other sports, it came out fromthe reality of life. It is the expression of struggle in life both in past and future.Benjamin Franklin said about that Chess is a kind of life, life is a kind ofchess. Ex-trainer of National Chess team of Turkey, Vasikov defined thissimilarity as below: Chess is a little model of big life.

Then we realize a question; what are the benefits of the similaritiesbetween life and chess for our children and chess players? We understand theimportance of chess in child education. If we consider the similarities betweenlife and chess, chess is a little model of life and to grab this model well refers toknow the life better. So we can benefit from this model for the things that wewant to use in life. We can use learning as a tool of teaching.

We can use chess as a tool for the child education and give our messagesabout life by using chess model. Even we do not use this method; the child who

starts to grab the philosophy of chess will realize the precious for chess is validfor life, too. In this part, the chess teachers have big responsibilities. Do notconsider chess just as a game. You should give ideas of accumulation and thephilosophy of chess in appropriate doses to child. By this way we provide themaximum benefit that we want from this game.

When we try to teach our children the right and wrong things ineducational way, we see that this is not working even it is irritating. Whereaschess shows how movements give shape to game and which kind of results thatnew situation brings in correspondence between cause and effect. As a result, thechild realizes that the behaviors in daily life have results like chess.

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Struggle is basis both in life and chess. Chess is a management ofstruggle, skill of management, art of management even sometimes it is a crisismanagement. Chess expresses us, during the life we should have long and shortterms goals. Without any goals the game and life will be meaningless. Chessteaches how to make plan by using the most rationalistic and economicpossibilities to reach the goal. On the way, which is going the goal, it introducesto be cautious against all negativities and even if the details will be calculated, allmoves should serve to the real goal.

Success is another fact that we should tell our children. We can alsobenefit from chess while we are telling the concept of success. Everyone wantsto catch success as a target. The children want to reach success immediately andeasily, however success is not a favor for people. There is a long process includespatience, determination, sacrifice and planned working behind success. Brieflythere is a cost. The cost of success is already paid and the cost of failure will bepaid in the future. Although the important effects of luck and coincidence, thereis a direct proportion between cost and success. This is also same in chess. Noneof the games express success in world scale with compared numbers as chessdoes. If child trains to improve his/her play, the degree of rating will increaseboth national (UKD) and international (ELO). A child will realize to be on therise of the success as long as he/she pays for the coast and he/she will understand

the fact that every success story has same cost at its history.

It is accepted that chess sport is a projection and simulation of life andhas positive, permanent efects on child education. Alekhin, one of the worldchampions stressed that he educated himself by courtasy of chess.

Parents complain about concentration problem of their children. Oncontrary, concentration does not increase when they focus on a subject.Motivation is the most important factor which provides concentration.the child

concentrate on the things he/she likes and wants. Chess makes easier to focus ona subject without forcing the child in a game mood. Concentretion can belearned. The child, who has learned concentration with the help of chess, usesthis gained characteristic for other fields. It makes them easier to concentrate onthe other subjects and their lessons in the future. It can be seen that theconcentration problem of children who are playing chess, will be decreasedsignificantly.

The positions which are going to be formed as a result of different

variants will be awakening in memory before. First you think the best position inmind and then play the move on board. When chidren keep the things they wantto do alive before in their minds, their creativity and self confidance will beincreased.

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It is known that, a chess player has an ability to play the game on thechess board that he/she played before without looking any where. New playerscannot use this because this feature is developing in paralel with the gamepractise. Memory is the form of storing knowledge and using this knowledgewhen it is needed. We can talk about the strong memory if this mechanism worksvery well. Memory has lots of branches. Especially chess has an effect onpositional memory.

Keeping all moves in mind is the result of developed memory. The basicelement which steps up memory is forcing storage. Chess decreases the problemof forgetfullness. It is possible to say the improved memory is not limited withthe chess game and also it has an efect on the other fields.

The other important factor is the abilty to use time which chess teachesour children. Most of the people think that modern people use the timeefficiently and we have to teach our children the concept of time. Theimportance of time increased because life is accelerating. We can also say theimportance of time will rise more because life will accelerate more. Time is notonly just a concept but also it is determining lots of concepts, even the true isright at the right time.

Chess is not a speed game against time. However it is a thinking sports,supposed to be played in a determined time period. So just playing fast or right isnot enough. The effective playing is the ability to use both. That means theability to take the right desicion in a determined period. Also life wants the samefrom us.

There is time pressure at daily life. Time makes a big pressure on us andthis causes to make mistakes. A child who is late for school is under stress. Thischild has a chance to make a mistake. A child who can't do make his/her lessons

on time is not feeling comfortable. He/she is offensive towards his/herenvironment. Chess is the best game which emphasizes the importance of timeand increases the skill of using time.

It is interesting if the children first start to play a game by using time. Foreg. Although the child has 1 hour time, it can be seemed that the child makesquick and wrong moves in panic with time pressure. If the same child used to

play with time, he/she will make the right moves even he/she has 1 minute left. Ithas two reasons. Firstly the child gets to know time better, and then he/she

discovers his/her skills. The child will know what he/she can do or not in adefinite time when he/she rocognizes his/her capasity. For e.g put the king androok, against king(s 8) and give 30 secconds. The child will make checkmateconfortably in the given period. Because the child knows how to make

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checkmate as he/she knows time is enough, too. The child, who plays wrong inan hour, will become a child, plays right and calm although he/she has 1 minuteleft. It is possible to gain this in an other game. When the skill of using timeincreases, the biorhythm of human and the period of time will completeeachother. Panic attacks cannot be seen as a result of impatience and phlegm.In addition to that chess can help to us to recognize our children. Chess reflectslots of characteristics of chess player's personality on chess board because chessis a brain sport. It is possible to obtain some clues about game understanding ifwe know one's personality. Also the reverse of this is right. We can obtain someclues about one's personality, if we know the game understanding.

It is possible to see the personalities of the children who are self-possessed, sceptic, avoid to take a risk, systematic, connected with rules and thechildren who are attack, do not avoid to take a risk. Not only the gameunderstanding but also the style of playing gives information about theirpersonalities. When a child trust his/herself movement of pieces will bedifferent than a child who do not trust his/herself.

Do we recognize our children enough? We may know standart reactionsof our children very well, but the most important thing is to know the reactions ofthe children who live their feelings at high level. Do we know the reactions of

our children who are living happiness and anger? Are these situations difficultfor us to recognize our children? It is more important to know what our childrenare doing when they are in trouble than their behaviours at normal conditions.

The most important factor is to realize if our children fall inpsychological emtyness. This can cause psychological problems, get into badhabits and tendency for crime. A person who is in psychological emtyness,hopelessness, pessimism, worthlessness, loneliness, anomy. If a child has thesefeelings, he/she can start to act the way that is not acceptable by society and

waits help from the addictive substances and this is a common social problem.Although we care about the physchological development of our children and wethink we fill their physchologic world, sometimes we see they are in emtyness.

Chess is a unique game which can fill up the physchological emtyness ofpeople, because you can train alone, chess solves problems, scopes out, avoidsfrom monotony provides lots of beauties and is an object of admiration.

Chess is a good friend for our children. They can share their loneliness,

they lived. Chess gets our children away from crime. Chess provides a reliableand warm atmosphere. Many parents tell they sleep comfortable because ofchess.

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Beyond chess knowledge, chess culture both enriches life and increasesthe skill of solving problems. There is a similarity between solving problems atdaily life and solving the problems on chess board as a matter of at least onemethod. There can be some positions on the chess board when a move has beenmade, it can change the destiny of the game. Also there are some movements inlife that one step can change our lifes. Both in life and on the board successmeans acting with plan at right timeand an effective attact to reach theconclusion.

If you are successful in chess does not mean you are successful in life.Chess is a game provides to learn method of success and analytical thinking.Nowadays the life philosophy of sport is a part of high quality life and beneficialsocial activity. It is really important for a child to grab life and for balanced andhealty child development. Chess which is an itellectual profession makes easierfor a child to recognize his/her environment and improve communication.Furthermore it helps to a better emotionational development for a child.

I've never met any parents who are sorry because their child is playingchess, but I met lots of parents who are happy because their child is playingchess. The families project their arguements to the children and this is the mostuncomfortable situation for me.

The habbit to express success only with numbers and measure successonly with degrees are the result of conditioning of the human being bytheirselves. Whereas chess is a good choice. When the children choose this, theywill be all successfull.

We can say chess is really beneficial for children when we consider allthese.

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THE AGE TO START CHESS

Chess can be both learned and played for all ages. When we think themental development of children, it is really impotant to start chess at early ages.The learning ability of children is as much as adults'. So it is easy to teach chessto children. According to the scientific investigations, the ability ofdevelopment is fast between the ages of 2 and 6. The child has beencomprehended learning with the education at these ages. The ability to a sportsor an art branch is related with education of child at these ages. The age to startchess should be between 4-6 when we think the success in the future.

The aim is meeting the child to benefit from chess figures and theattraction of chess theme. Education starts like a game, continues with learningof the informations, then getting the new informations. The education should notbe boring and the lessons should go on with excitement.

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ATATURK AND CHESS

The real guide in life is science.

Atatrk was born in 1881 and died in 1938. He was the founder and thefirst president of Turkish Republic.Atatrk used to like playing chess and he was a good player. A special chessset had been made for him. He played with only that set. Mostly he played

chess game in Atatrk Orman Ciftligi. Ismet nn and his fellow soldierswere his chess friends.Atatrk gave a special importance to the development of chess.

Atatrk gave orders to spread up and develop chess throughout the country.The new books were published at those years.

Mustafa Kemal Atatrk

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THE EXPRESSIONS OF FAMOUS PEOPLE

Chess is life.B. Fischer

Chess is everything; art, science and sport.A. Karpov

Chess is a science.Leibnitz

Chess is the measure of wisdom.Goethe

Chess includes game, art and science. The person who owns the features ofa sportsman, actor and scientist is unbeatable.

T. Petrosyan

I feel sore for everybody who doesn't know chess. Even it is a delight forthe new learners and it is a great happiness for the good players.

L. Tolstoy

Noboby borns without any mistake. The best is the one who makes theminimum mistake.

L. Marshall

Chess seems like a sea where a mosquito takes a bath and a big elephantdrowns inside.

Indian Saying

Chess is a kind of life, life is a kind of chess.B. Franklin

Chess is an art of analise.M. Botvinik

Chess is the gym of the mind.S. Decker

Life is too short for chess.L. Byron

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CHESS IN THE WORLD

Today chess is a sport that is played almost every country in the world.FIDE was established in 1924 to organize international chess activities. Therules had been renewed was the establish of FIDE.

Every year FIDE organizes different competitions. The most importantcompetitions are Men, Women, Junior, and Youth World Championships.

Furthermore chess olympiads have been organizing biannual. Firstchess olympiad organized in London in 1927. Turkey's first participation toolympiad in 1962 in Varna. Our Women Natioanal Team's first participation to

tholympiad was in Luzern in 1982. In final ranking they were in the 37 place.

For determining the power of players an evaluation system called ELO hadbeen formed. The players who are participating to competitions take pointsaccording to their success. As a result of this ELO points of players havedetermined. If ELO reaches a certain point, players will take titles.

The biggest title is GM(Grand Master in chess). In addition to that sometitles are; IM(International Master) and FM (FIDE Master).The provision of these tittles for women are WGM(Women Grand Master),WIM and WFM.ECU organizes chess activities in Europe. Turkey is an effective member ofECU.

Every year ECU organizes competitions at different numbers. Some ofthe most important ones are European Individual Chess Championship,European Women's Chess Championship, European Team ChessChampionship and European Youth Chess Championship.Last years some of these competitions organized in Turkey. Some of thecompetitions organized in Turkey:2003 European Individual Chess Championship2004 European Teams Chess Championship2004 European Youth Chess Championship

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CHESS IN TURKEY

Turkish people have interested in chess since old ages. Also they had animportant role for spreading chess. Our chess history is pretty old. There aremanuscripts books related with chess belongs the years 1500. The mostimportant book was written by smail Saban from Seferihisar. There are someinformation about Mevlana, the important Turkish philosopher, was playingchess.

Chess was one of the most interesting game for the people of AnatolianSeljuk Empire. Not only in Anatolia but also in the Middle Asian TurkishCommunities, chess was a common game. French traveller H. Blocguevillevisited these regions in 1860's. He collected his impressions in a book.Turcoman most liked playing chess in their spare times. They played chess on ahandkerchief, painted white and black squares and pieces carved from wood.Turcoman always had carried this with them.

At the Ottoman Empire's period chess protected its importance.Especially for the relationships between the governments, chess set had givento the important people as a present. In 1672, III Sultan Ahmet gave a chess setto Polland's king as a present. This shows the importance of chess for Turkish

people at that period.

According to the historical resources, Yavuz Sultan Selim went to cityof Tebriz before he became Sultan. He played chess with Sah Ismail, emperorof Safevi. He defeated the emperor and won 1000 gold and hid this gold under astone. Later on Yavuz Sultan Selim became the Sultan of Ottoman. In 1514 hedefeated Sah Ismail in Caldran War. Then he went to Tebris and found thegold.

After the establishment the Turkish Republic the importance of chess

was increased. It was a lesson in military schools.Atatrk, founder of Turkey, was a good chess player. We know, Ismet Inonu,second president of Turkey and the other statesmen were playing chess too.Later on chess became widespread in our country. Chess clubs had openedespecially in Istanbul and Ankara. In 1954 TCF (Turkish Chess Federation)was established and the development of chess accelerated. Today, there arechess organizations almost in every province.

Turkish Chess Federation organizes different competitions every year.

The most important competitions are; Turkish Championship, Turkish YouthChampionship, Turkish Junior Championship. Besides chess leagues had beenestablished in our country. And hundreds of sports clubs are competing at theseleagues.

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UNIT 2LET'S LEARN CHESS BOARD

SUBJECTSTHE POSITION OF CHESS BOARD

THE SPECIALLITIES OF CHESS BOARDRANK ( ROW )

FILE ( COLUMN)DIAGONAL

THE NAME OF A SQUARECENTER ( CENTRAL ) SQUARES

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16

Period

THEAIMOF

THEUNIT

THEADVANTAGESFO

R

CHILDREN

SUBJECTS

EQUIPMENT

S

LET'SLEARNCHESS

BOARDUNIT2

Thestudentswhofinishthis

unitsuccesfullywilllearn

;

1-thepalaceofchessboard.

2-thenamesoftherank,f

ile

anddiagonalsquarename

s.

3-toshowdiagonalsquares

4-allthenamesofsquareson

theboard

5-toshowallsquaresthe

board

6-thenamesofthecenter

squares.

7-toshowthecentersquares

ontheboard.

ChessSet

DemonstrationBoard

Computer

Projection

Theaimofthisunitis

toteachthechess

board,theplaceof

chessboardbetween

twoplayers.Toshow

therank,fileand

diagonalonthe

board.Tolearncenter

squares,the

importanceofthem

andthenameofthe

squares.

Chessboard

Rank

FileDiagonal

Nameofthesquares

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The right bottom side must be white square between two players.

CHESS BOARD

Chess game is played on chess board. When you look at chess boardfirst you see squares. These squares line up side by side and overlap. Thecolors of squares are white and black.The numbers of these equal squares are 64. Half of them are white and theothers are black. We called chess board for the big square consists of 64white and black squares.

Chess board is not a simple play area. It is a struggle area with lots offeatures. The first step of chess success starts with recognizing this area.Therefore all chess players must learn the features of chess board first.

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King's sideQueen's side

White's space ofactivity

Black's space of

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THE SPECIALLITIES OF CHESS BOARD

The shape of chess board is a square. From the transverse andlengthwise division of chess board to eight ranks and files are formed.

Rank (Row) : Any horizontal row on the chessboard. Ranks are noted withthe numbers 1 through 8 for identification.

File (Column) : Any vertical row on the chessboard. Files are noted with theletters A through H for identification.

There are 64 squares formed with the division of chess board to eightrank and eight file lines. Half of these 64 squares are white and the other halfis black squares.

Ranks are showed with numbers and files are showed with latters,because of that speciallity every square is expressed with a letter and anumber. (For example: E4 square, G6 square) The right bottom side of chessboard supposed to be white square between two players.

Adjacent square : The squares which are side by side called adjenct square.(For example: E4-E5 squares are adjacent squares.) Adjacent squares are indifferent colors.

Diagonal : A straight line of squares of the same colour, touching corner tocorner, is called a `diagonal`. The longest diagonals are A1-H8 and H1-A8.

Center Squares (Centeral Squares) : They take place in the middle of thechess board. These are the e4, e5, d4, d5 squares and it is really important tocontrol these squares.

Middle Line A line divides chess board transverse in to two called middleline.

White's space of activity : It is the space which is formed by 1-2-3-4 ranksunder the middle line.

Black's space of activity : It is the space which is formed by 5-6-7-8 ranksabove the middle line.

King's side : The side of the on which the kings reside at the start of a game,

including e, f, g, and h files.

Queen's side : The side of the board on which the queens reside at the startof a game, including the d, c, b, and a files.

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1- RANK (ROW)

The eight horizontal rows of squares are called 'ranks` on board. There are 8ranks on board. These rank ways are named with numbers. We called theseways 1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8 ranks and they starts from down.

2- FILE (COLUMN)

The eight vertical columns of squares are called `files` on board. There are 8files on board. These file ways are named with letters. We called these waysa-b-c-d-e-f-g-h files and they starts from left.

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3- DIAGONAL

A straight line of squares of the same colour, touching corner to corner, is

called a `diagonal`. All diagonal ways are not equal. There are totally 26diagonals on chess board. 13 of them are white and 13 of them are black.

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Short DiagonalsShort diagonals include 2squares. The lengths of diagonalways increase when they are

getting close to the middle ofboard.

Long DiagonalsThe longest diagonals consist 8squares. There are 2 longdiagonals on board. One is white

and the other is black.

Black Diagonals White Diagonals

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4- NAMES OF THE SQUARES

On the chess board all squares have names. We use first letters and thennumbers to say the name of the squares. For example; e4 square or g7 square.The players must know the names of the squares. It is easy to learn the name ofthe squares. Firstly you find the file of a square, and then you find the rank of thesquare.


Let's learn the name of the black

pointed square:Firstly we will find the file of thesquare. Go to down to learn thefile. Our square is on the f file.

Then we will find the rank of thesquare. Go to left to learn the rank.

thOur square is on the 6 square. Sothe name of our square is f6.

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1+-+-+-+-0xabcdefghy

Let's learn the name of the blackpointed square:Firstly we will find the file of thesquare. Go to down to learn the file.Our square is on the c file.

Then we will find the rank of thesquare. Go to left to learn the rank.Our square is on the 3rd square. Sothe name of our square is c3.

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5- CENTER SQUARES

The 4 small squares which take place in the middle of the chess boardare called center squares. These squares are d4-d5-e4-e5. Center squares arethe most important space on the board. You can reach 27 squares from thesesquares with rank, file and diagonal ways. You cannot reach same numbers ofsquares by using other squares.

You can reach 27 squares from these squares You cannot reach samenumbers of squares by using other squares.


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d5 e5

d4 e4

The 4 small squares which take place in the middle of thechess board are called center squares.

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4-+-+-+-+03+-+-+-+-02-+-+-+-+01+-+-+-+-0xabcdefghy

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4-+-+-+-+03+-+-+-+-02-+-+-+-+01+-+-+-+-0xabcdefghy

Write the names of thesquares.

Find the below squares.d4b7h5

g3

e7

b5

Find the below squares.h7

f6c8

EXERCISES

Find the name of thesquare?

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UNIT 3LET'S LEARN THE CHESS PIECES

SUBJECTSCHESS PIECES

THE POSITIONS OF PIECESTHE MOVES OF PIECES

THE MOVE OF ROOK

THE MOVE OF BISHOPTHE MOVE OF QUEENTHE MOVE OF KNIGHT

THE MOVE OF PAWNTHE MOVE OF KING

THE POWER OF PIECES

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25

Period

THEAIMOF

THEUNIT

THEADVANTAGESFOR

CHILDREN

SUBJECTS

EQUIPMENT

S

NT

L

ET'SLEARNTHE

CHESSPIECESU

I

3


unitsuccesfullywilllearn:

1-chesspieces.

2-thepositionsofpieces

3-themovesofthepiecesand

showsontheboard

4-totakepiecesandshow

son

theboard

5-thepawnstakepiecew

hile

theyarepassingandshowson

theboard

6-thepowerofthepieces.

ChessSet

DemonstrationB

oard

Computer

Projection

Theaimofthisunitis

toteach:

1-thepiecesofchess.

2-thepositionsof

pieces.

3-themovesofthe

pieces

4-totakepiece

5-therulethatpawn

takespiece

6-thepowerofthe

pieces.

Chesspieces

Thepositionsof

pieces

Themovesofpieces

Themoveofrook

Themoveofbis

hop

Themoveofqueen

Themoveofknight

Themoveofpawn

Themoveofkin

g

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FIDE RULEArticle 22.2 At the beginning of the game one player has 16 light-coloured pieces(the `white` pieces); the other has 16 dark-coloured pieces (the `black`pieces): These pieces are as follows:

White pieces

K

Q

R

A white king, usually

indicated by the symbol.

A white queen, usually


Two white rooks, usually


Black pieces

k

q

A black king, usually


A black queen, usually


r Two black rooks, usuallyindicated by the symbol.

l Two black bishops, usuallyindicated by the symbol.

n Two black knights, usuallyindicated by the symbol.

pEight black pawns, usuallyindicated by the symbol.

L

N

P

Two white bishops, usually


Two white knights, usually


Eight white pawns, usually


LET'S LEARN CHESS PIECESS

Chess game is played with chess pieces. Every player has 16 pieces atthe beginning.

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( The initial position of the pieces on the chess board)st ndLet's learn : White pieces takes place at the 1 and 2 rank and black pieces

th thtakes place at the 7 and 8 rank.

The placement of pawns :nd8 white pawns take place at the 2 rank.th8 black pawns take place at the 7 rank.

The placement of rooks : stWhite rooks take place on a1 and h1 at 1 rank.thBlack rooks take place on a8 and h8 at 8 rank.

The placement of knights :White knights take place on b1 and g1 squares.Black knights take place on b8 and g8 squares.

The placement of bishops:

White bishops takes place on c1 and f1 squares.Black bishops takes place on c8 and f8 squares.

The placement of queen:White queen takes place on d1 square.Black queen takes place on d8 square.

The placement of king:White king takes place on e1 square.

Black king takes place on e8 square.IMPORTANT!!Be careful about the place of the king and queen. Queen takes place on

the square which has the same color. White queen is on the white square andblack queen is on the black square at the beginning of game.

THE POSITIONS OF PIECES

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FIDE RULEArticle 22.1 The chessboard is composed of an 8x8 grid of 64 equal squaresalternately light (the `white` squares) and dark (the `black` squares).

The chessboard is placed between the players in such a way that thenear corner square to the right of the player is white.

THE MOVES OF PIECESThe movement of pieces is called "move" in chess game. There are 6

kinds of pieces in chess. The move of every piece is different from each other.

Article 3: The moves of the pieces

3.1 It is not permitted to move a piece to a square occupied by a piece of the samecolour. If a piece moves to a square occupied by an opponent`s piece the latter iscaptured and removed from the chessboard as part of the same move. A piece issaid to attack an opponent`s piece if the piece could make a capture on thatsquare according to Articles 3.2 to 3.8 A piece is considered to attack a square,even if such a piece is constrained from moving to that square because it wouldthen leave or place the king of its own color under attack.

Article 4: The act of moving the pieces

4.1 Each move must be made with one hand only.4.2 Provided that he first expresses his intention (e.g. by saying "j`adoube" or "Iadjust"), the player having the move may adjust one or more pieces on theirsquares.4.3 Except as provided in Article 4.2, if the player having the move deliberatelytouches on the chessboard. One or more of his own pieces, he must move thefirst piece touched that can be moved, or one or more of his opponent`s pieces,he must capture the first piece touched, which can be captured, or one piece ofeach colour, he must capture the opponent`s piece with his piece or, if this is

illegal, move or capture the first piece touched which can be moved or captured.If it is unclear, whether the player`s own piece or his opponent`s was touchedfirst, the player`s own piece shall be considered to have been touched before hisopponent`s.4.4 a) If a player deliberately touches his king and rook he must castle on thatside if it is legal to do so.b)If a player deliberately touches a rook and then his king he is not allowed tocastle on that side on that move and the situation shall be governed by Article 4.34.5 If none of the pieces touched can be moved or captured, the player may make

any legal move.4.6 When, as a legal move or part of a legal move, a piece has been released on asquare, it cannot then be moved to another square. The move is considered tohave been made when all the relevant requirements of Article 3 have beenfulfilled.

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THE MOVE OF ROOK

The rook moves file or rank. The rook moves to forward, backward, leftand right. The rook can't jump on its or opponent's pieces. The rook movesmaximum 14 squares.

FIDE RULE

Article 3

3.3 The rook may move to any square along the file or the rank on which itstands.

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The rook may move to anysquare along the file or the rankon which it stands.

The move of rook:The rook moves file or rank. A rook on c3 square may go one of the marked fileor row squares. It may take one of the opponent's pieces on these squares. A rookmoves maximum 14 squares.

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CAPTURING WITH THE ROOK

The rook can capture the opponent's a piece on its way. The captured piecegoes out of the board and it takes place on the square of the captured piece.

:Capturing with the rook:1- The rook can go on rank way and

capture the black bishop.

2- The captured piece goes out of theboard.

3- The rook takes place on the squareof the captured piece.

Before capture After capture

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XIIIIIIIIY

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1+-+-+-+R0xabcdefghy

XIIIIIIIIY

8r+-+-+-+07+-mk-+-sN-06-+-+-+-+05+-+-+-+-04pzp-+-+-+03+-+-+-+-02-+-+-+-+0

1+-vL-+-tRK0xabcdefghy

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4-+-+-+-+03+-+-+-+-02-+-+-+-+01+R+-+K+-0xabcdefghy

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4-+R+-+n+03+-+-+-+-02-+N+-+-+01+-vl-+-mK-0xabcdefghy

Question 1How many moves therook must do to go a4?Answer4 movesAnswer:4 moves

Question 2How many squares thewhite rook can go?Answer:8 squaresQuestion:How many squares the

black rook can go?Answer:10 squares

Question 3Show the moves that rookcan do.

AnswerThe rook can go 6squares. Also it cancapture the knight.

Question 4How many pieces the rookcan capture?

AnswerThe rook can capture theknight and the pawn on c7.

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EXERCISES


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Question 5Which square the rook must goto capture the knight?

Answer:The rook must go a5.

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Question 6Which pieces the whiterook can capture?Which pieces the blackrook can capture?AnswerWhite rook can capture theknight, bishop and thepawn on f6.

Black rook can capture theknight and bishop.

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4-+n+-+-+03+-vL-+-+P02-+-+-+P+01+-+-+-+K0xabcdefghy

Question 7Which pieces the whiterook can capture?

Answer:It can capture knight andpawn.

Question 8Which pieces the blackrook can capture?

Answer:It can capture the knightand bishop.

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THE MOVE OF BISHOPBishop only moves on diagonal ways. It can go forward and backward

on diagonal ways. It can't jump on its or the opponents pieces. Every player has2 bishops at the beginning. One of them takes place on black square and theother one takes place on white square.

Every player has one white and one black bishop. The white bishopstarts on the white square and the black bishop starts on the black square.Bishops have to move to the same color squares which they start on.

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FIDE RULE

3.2 The bishop may move to any square along a diagonal on which itstands.

The bishop on d3 square and d3 squareis white. The bishop only may go the

white squares during the game.

The number of squares that bishopmay go depends on the place of thebishop. If the bishop is on centralsquares, it will go 13 squares. If it ison the corner, it will go 7 squares.

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2-+-+-+-+01vl-+-+-+-0xabcdefghy

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CAPTURING WITH THE BISHOPThe bishop may capture the opponent's piece on its way. The captured

piece goes out of the board and it takes place on the square of the captured piece.

Capturing with the bishopThe bishop is on f3.

1) The bishop may go diagonal way to capturethe black knight.

2) The captured piece goes out of the board.3) It takes place on the square of the captured

piece.

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3+-+-+L+-02-+-+-+-+01+-+-+-+-0xabcdefghy

XIIIIIIIIY

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XIIIIIIIIY

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Bishop before capture rook

34

Bishop after capture rook


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Question 1How many moves thebishop can go to h6 inshort way?Answer3 moves

XIIIIIIIIY8l+-+-+-+07+-+-+-+-06-+-+-+-+05+-+-+-+-04-+L+-+-+03+-+-+-+-02-+-+-+-+01+-+-+-+-0xabcdefghyQuestion 2 :How many squares thewhite bishop can go?How many squares theblack bishop can go?Answer

White bishop can go 11squares. Black bishop cango 7 squares.

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4L+-+-+-+03+-+-+-+-02P+r+-+-+01+-+-+-+-0xabcdefghy

Question 3 :Which moves the bishopcan do?

AnswerThe bishop can capture therook. Also it can go b3 orb5 squares.

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4-+-+-+p+03+L+-+-+-02-+-+-+-+01+-+-+-+-0xabcdefghy

Question 4 :Which squares the whitebishop must go to capture

pawn?AnswerThe bishop must go d1 ore6 to capture the pawn .

35

EXERCISES


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Question 5 :Which square the whitebishop must go to capturethe pawn?AnswerThe bishop must go f6

Question 6 :Which piece the white andblack bishop can capture?AnswerThe white bishop cancapture the rook and theknight.The black bishopcan capture the rook andthe knight.

XIIIIIIIIY8-+-+-+k+07+-+-+-+-06-+p+-+-+05+-+-+n+r04-+-+-+-+0

3+-+-+L+-02-+-+-+-+01+-+-+-mK-0xabcdefghy

XIIIIIIIIY8-mk-+-+-+07+-+-+R+-06-+-+-+-+05+-+l+-+-04-+-+-+-+0

3+N+-+-+-02-+K+-+P+01+-+-+-+-0xabcdefghy

Question 7 :Which piece the whitebishop can capture?AnswerIt can capture the rook andthe pawn.

Question 8 :Which piece the blackbishop can capture?AnswerIt can capture the rook, theknight and the pawn.

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THE MOVE OF QUEENThe queen moves on rank, file and diagonal ways. It can go forward,

backward, right and left. It can jump on its or opponents pieces.

The number of squares which the queen may go changes to the place ofthe queen. If it is on the center squares it can go 27 squares. If it is at the corner itcan go 21 squares.


7+-+-+-+-06-+-+-+-+05+-+-+-+-04-+-wQ-+-+03+-+-+-+-02-+-+-+-+01+-+-+-+-0

xabcdefghy

FIDE RULE3.4. The queen may move to any square along the file, the rank or diagonal onwhich it stands.

XIIIIIIIIY

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The queen is on d4 square. Itmay move rank, file anddiagonal. It can go forward,backward, right and left.

Black queen is at the corner. It cango 21 squares.

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CAPTURING WITH THE QUEENThe queen can capture the opponents piece on its way. The captured

piece goes out of the board. And it takes place on the square of the capturedpiece.

Capturing with the queenThe queen on b2 square.

1) The queen may go diagonally and capture theblack knight.

2) The captured piece goes out of the board.3) It takes place on the square of captured piece.

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XIIIIIIIIY8r+-+-+-+0

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xabcdefghy

XIIIIIIIIY8Q+-+-+-+0

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xabcdefghy

38

Queen before capture rook Queen after capture rook


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XIIIIIIIIY

8-+-+-+-+07+-+-+-+-06-+-+-+-+05+-+-+-+-04-zP-zP-zP-wQ03zP-zP-+-zPP02-+-+-+-+0

1+-+-+-+-0xabcdefghyQuestion 2:How many squares thewhite queen can go?How many squares theblack queen can go?

Answer:

XIIIIIIIIY

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1wq-+-+-+-0xabcdefghyQuestion 1:Which way the queen cango to c1 square with 3moves?

The white queen can go 23squares.The black queen can go 21squares.

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Question 3:Which moves the queen

can do?Answer:The queen can make 13different moves.

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5+-+-sn-+-04-+-+-+-+03tr-+-+-+-02-wQ-+-+Pvl01+-+-+-+-0xabcdefghy

Question 4:Which pieces the queen cancapture?Answer:It can capture the knight,the pawn and a3 square.

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EXERCISES


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6n+-+-+-+05+-+-zpp+R04-+P+-+-+03wQ-+-+-vlP02P+-+-+-+01+-+-+-+-0xabcdefghy

Question 5:Which pieces the whitequeen can capture?Which pieces the blackqueen can capture?Answer:The white queen cancapture the knight and thebishop. The black queen

can capture the rook, theknight and the pawn.

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6-+-+-+-+05+-+-+-+-04-+-+-+-+03+-+-+-+-02-wQ-+-+-+01+-+-+-+-0xabcdefghy

Question 6:Can the white queencapture the rook?

Answer:No, it can't. Because theyare not on the same file.

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Question 7:Which pieces the whitequeen can capture?Answer:

it can capture the bishopand the knight on h3square.

Question 8:Which pieces the blackqueen can capture?Answer:

It can capture the rook onb3 and the bishop.

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First the knight goes two squares rank or file.Then it goes one square rank or file from the square which it came.

We may define the move of the knight as below:The knight may go two squares forward, backward, left and right, then onesquare left, right, backward and forward. This move of the night seems likeletterL.

THE MOVE OF THE KNIGHT

The move of the knight is different than the other pieces. The knight movesin 2 stages.1- It goes two squares rank or file.2- It goes one square rank or file from the square where it came.

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The Specialties of the Moves of Knight:Knights may jump on it's or opponent's pieces. It is the most important specialtyof knights.They move to the opposite color square which they found. ( A knight which is

on a white square takes place on a black square. )The movement ability of knight increases when it is getting closer to center. Aknight which is at the corner can move two squares, a knight which is at side canmove four squares an a knight which is close to center can move eight squares.

FIDE RULEArticle 33.6 The knight may move to one of the squares nearest to that on which it standsbut not on the same rank, file or diagonal.

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Capturing with the knight:The knight is on f3 square.

1- It may capture the black bishop.2- The captured piece goes out of the board.3- It takes place on the square of the captured

piece.

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CAPTURING WITH THE KNIGHT

The knight can capture the opponent's piece on the square which itgoes. The captured piece goes out of the board. And it takes place on the squareof the captured piece.

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42

Knight before capture rook Knight after capture rook


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XIIIIIIIIY

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1sN-+-+-+-0xabcdefghy

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8nsN-+-+-+07+-+-+-+-06-+-+-+-+05+-+-+-+-04-+-+-+-+03+-+-+-+-02-+-+-+-+0

1+-+-+-+-0xabcdefghyQuestion 1:Count the squares whichthese 3 knights can go.Answer:The knight on a1 can go 2squares.The knight on f4 can go 8

squares.The knight on h6 can go 4squares.

Question 2:How many moves thewhite knight must do to god4 square?How many moves theblack knight must do to god4 square?

Answer:The white knight must do 2moves. The black knightmust do 3 moves.XIIIIIIIIY

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Question 3:Which ways the knight can

go to b1 square with 4moves?Answer:The knight can go to b1 indifferent ways.

Question 4:Which pieces the knight

can capture?Answer:It can capture the rook onb1, the bishop and thepawn.

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EXERCISES


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Question 5:Which square the knightmust go to capture thepawn?Answer:It must go c2 to capturethe pawn.

Question 6:At least how many movesthe knight must do tocapture the pawn?Answer:It must do at least 4 movesto capture the pawn.

Question 7:How many moves the whiteknight can go to e4 square?How many moves the blackknight can go to e4 square?Answer:

The white knight can go toe4 square with 2 moves.The black knight can go toe4 square with 4 moves.

Question 8:How many moves the whiteknight can go to c3 square?How many moves the blackknight can go to c3 square?Answer:

The white knight can go toc3 square with 4 moves.The black knight can go toc3 square with 2 moves.

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44

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THE MOVE OF THE PAWNThe pawn may move only file way. It may go forward only one square. It

may go two squares just at the beginning of the game.

The white pawn on f3, made a move before. So that, it may only go onesquare forward to f4 square.

However, the pawn on b2 is at the initial position. It didn't make anymove. This pawn may go forward one or two square.


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FIDE RULEArticle 33.7 a) The pawn may move forward to the unoccupied square immediately infront of it on the same file, or

b) on its first move the pawn may move as in (a); alternatively it mayadvance two squares along the same file provided both squares areunoccupied, or

C) the pawn may move to a square occupied by an opponent`s piece, whichis diagonally in front of it on an adjacent file, capturing that piece.

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CAPTURING WITH THE PAWNThe pawn may capture the opponent's piece diagonally. The captured

piece goes out of the board and it takes place on the square of the capturedpiece.

The pawn on c3 may capture the black knight on diagonal. The capturedpiece goes out of the board and it takes place on the square of the captured piece.

The pawns on f6 and g7 may capture eachother. The captured pawn goes

out of the board and the other takes place on the square of captured pawn.

XIIIIIIIIY8-+-+-+-+07+-+-+-zp-06-+-+-zP-+05+-+-+-+-04-+n+-+-+0

3+P+-+-+-02-+-+-+-+01+-+-+-+-0xabcdefghy

XIIIIIIIIY8-+-+-+-+07+p+-+-+-06-tRN+-+-+05+-+-+-+-04-+-tr-sn-+03+-+-zP-+-02-+-+-+-+01+-+-+-+-0xabcdefghy

The white pawn on e3 may capture the black rook or the black knighton d4 and f4. The pawn takes place on the square of captured piece.

The black pawn on b7 may capture the white knight on c6 square. Ifthe pawn captures the knight, it takes place on c6 square.

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EN PASSANTEn passant is special for pawns. A pawn may go two squares at its first

move and it comes next to opponent's pawn. The opponent pawn may capturethe pawn which goes forward. This move should be done only when the pawngoes forward two squares. We called this move en passant.

Black may make his move two squares forward from c7 to c5. The twopawns come together with the move of black. The white pawn may capture theblack one. The white pawn takes place on the square which the other passed.

Similarly, white may make its move two squares forward from f2 to f4.The two pawns come together with the move of white. The black pawn may

capture the white one. Then it takes place on f3 square.

:

:

The pawn goes two squares at its first move.

The pawn makes the move of en passant.

XIIIIIIIIY8-+-+-+-+07+-zp-+-+-06-+-+-+-+05+-+P+-+-04-+-+-+p+03+-+-+-+-02-+-+-zP-+01+-+-+-+-0xabcdefghy

FIDE RULE

3.7 d) A pawn attacking a square crossed by an opponent`s pawn which hasadvanced two squares in one move from its original square may capture thisopponent`s pawn as though the latter had been moved only one square. This

capture is only legal on the move following this advance and is called an `enpassant` capture.

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XIIIIIIIIY

8-+-+-+-+07+-+-+-+-06-+-+-+p+05+-+-+-+-04-+p+-+-+03+-+-+-+-02P+P+-+-+01+-+-+-+-0xabcdefghy

XIIIIIIIIY

8-+-+-+k+07+-+-+-+-06-+-+-+-+05+-zp-+-+-04-tR-tRntrn+03+-+-+P+-02-+-+-+-+0

1+K+-+-+-0xabcdefghyQuestion 1:Show the moves ofpawns.Answer:White pawn on a2 can goforward one or twosquares. The others can

only go one square.

Question 2:Show the pieces which thewhite and the black pawn cancapture.Answer:The white pawn can capture oneof the knights and the black one

can capture one of the rooks.

XIIIIIIIIY8-+-mk-+-+07+-zp-+-+-06-+-+-+-+05+P+P+-+-04-+-+-+-+03+-+-+-+-02-+-+-+-+01+-+-+K+-0xabcdefghy

XIIIIIIIIY8-+-mk-+-+07+-zp-+-+-06-tR-zp-+-+05+-+-zPnzp-04p+-+-+P+03+P+-+-+P0

2-+-+-+-mK01+-+-+-+-0xabcdefghy

Question 4:Show the pieces which thewhite and the black pawncan capture.Answer:The white pawn can capturethe knight, the pawns on a4and d6. The black pawn cancapture the rook, the pawnson b3 and e5.

Question 3:If the black plays to c5,how will be en passant?Answer:

White can capture the blackpawn on c5 with the pawnon b5 or d5. The whitepawn takes place on c6.

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EXERCISES


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7zp-+-zp-+-06nzp-+Rzp-+05+-+-+-zP-04-+-+-+n+03zP-+-vl-sNP02-zP-+P+P+01+-+-+-+-0

xabcdefghy

XIIIIIIIIY8-+-+-+-+07+-+-+-zp-06-+-+-+-+05+-+-+P+P0

4p+-zp-+-+03+-+-+-+-02-zP-+P+-+01+-+-+-+-0xabcdefghy

Answer:The moves of white pawns:the pawn on a3 can goforward one square.the pawn on b2 can goforward one or two squares.the pawn on g5 can capturethe pawn on f6 or goforward one square.the pawn on h4 can capturethe knight or go forwardone square.

The moves of black pawns:the pawn on b6 can goforward one square.the pawn on f6 can capturethe pawn on g5 or goforward one square.

Answer:If the white plays b2 to b4,black will capture thispawn with the pawn on a4.The black pawn takes placeon b3.

If the white plays e2 to e4,black will capture thispawn with the pawn on d4and takes place on e3.

If the black on g7 playsforward two squares to g5,white can capture the black

pawn with one f5 or h5 andtakes place on g6.i

Question 5:Show the moves which thewhite and the black pawn cancapture.

Question 6:If the white plays b2 to b4 ore2 to e4 and if the black

plays g7 to g5 how will bethe en passant rule?

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THE MOVE OF KINGThe king may move one square in any direction. The number of squares

which king can go depends to the position of king. It may go 8 squares. If it is atthe corner of the board, it will go 3 squares. If it is at the side, it will go 5 squares.The king can't go the squares which the opponent pieces may go.

The king can move one square rank, file, and diagonal. The king atthe centre has more movement space. The king which is at the corner or sidehas less movement space.

FIDE RULE3.8 There are two different ways of moving the king, by:a) moving to any adjoining square not attacked by one or more of the opponent`spieces.b) Look at castling. (Page 98)

XIIIIIIIIY8-+-+-+-+07+-+-+-+-06-+-+-+-+05+-+-+-+-04-+-+K+-+03+-+-+-+-02-+-+-+-+01+-+-+-+-0xabcdefghy

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CAPTURING WITH THE KINGThe king may capture the opponent's pieces on adjacent squares and

takes place on the square of captured piece.

Capturing with the king

The king is on f3 square.

1-It may capture the black rook diagonally.2-The captured piece goes out of board.3-It takes place on the square of captured piece.

XIIIIIIIIY8-+-+-+-+07+-+-+-+-06-+-+-+-+05+-+-+-+-0

4-+-+-+r+03+-+-+K+-02-+-+-+-+01+-+-+-+-0xabcdefghy

XIIIIIIIIY8-+-+-+-+07+-+-+-+-06-+-+-+-+05+-+-+-+-04-+-+-+-+03+-tr-+-+-02-+-mK-+-+0


XIIIIIIIIY8-+-+-+-+07+-+-+-+-06-+-+-+-+05+-+-+-+-04-+-+-+-+03+-mK-+-+-02-+-+-+-+0


51

King before capture rook King after capture rook


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XIIIIIIIIY8-+-+-+-+07+-+-+-+-06-+-+-+-+05+-+-+-+-04-+-+-+-+03+-+-+-+-02-+-+-+-+01mK-+-+-+-0

xabcdefghy

XIIIIIIIIY8-+-+-+-mk07+-+-+-+-06-+-+-+-+05+-+-+-+-04-+-+-+-+03+-+-+-+-02-+-+-+-+01+-+-mK-+-0

xabcdefghy

XIIIIIIIIY8-+-+k+-+07+-+-+-+-06-+-+-+-+05+-+-+-+-04-+-+-+-+03+-+-mK-+-0

2-+-+-+-+01+-+-+-+-0xabcdefghy

XIIIIIIIIY8-+-+-+k+07+-+-+-+N06-+-+-vl-+05+-+-+-+-04-+-+-+-+03snl+-+-+-0

2-mK-+-+-+01+-tr-+-+-0xabcdefghy

Question 1:How many moves the kingmust do to go a8?Answer:7 moves

Question 2:How many squares thewhite king can go?How many squares theblack king can go?Answer:White can go 5 squares.Black can go 3 squares.

Question 3:How many squares thewhite king can go?How many squares theblack king can go?

Answer:White can go 8 squares.Black can go 5 squares.

Question 4:Which pieces the white kingcan capture?Which pieces the black kingcan capture?

Answer:White can capture the rook,the knight and the bishop onb3.Black can capture onlythe knight.

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EXERCISES


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XIIIIIIIIY8-+-+-+-+07+N+R+-+-0

6-mk-+-+-+05+L+-+n+-04-+-+n+-+03+-+-vlK+-02-+-+-+r+01+-+-+-+-0xabcdefghy

XIIIIIIIIY8rsn-+-+-+07zpK+-+-+-0

6-zp-+-+-+05+-+-+-+-04-+-+-+-+03zPL+-+-+-02-mk-+-+-+01+-sN-+-+-0xabcdefghy

Question 5:Which pieces the whiteking can capture?Which pieces the blackking can capture?Answer:White can capture therook and the knight on e4.It can't capture the bishop

because; the bishop isdefended by the knight onf5.Kings can't capturethe pieces which aredefended.Black can capture thebishop on b5. However itcan't capture the knight onb7 because the knight is

defended by the rook.

Question 6:Which pieces the whiteking can capture?Which pieces the blackking can capture?Answer:White can capture the rookon a8. It can't capture theknight on b8 because the

knight is defended by therook.Black can capture theknight and the pawn, but itcan't capture the bishopbecause the bishop isdefended by the knight.

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THE POWER OF PIECES

There are 6 different pieces in chess. The movements of all pieces are

different. The power of pieces depends on the movements of pieces. Thepower of piece increases when the skills of movement of piece increase.

Pawn has minimal power. If we give the pawn 1 point , the power ofranking will be:

The pawn :1 point

The knight :3 points = 3 pawns = a bishop

The bishop :3 points = 3 pawns = a knight

The rook :5 points = 5 pawns = a knight and 2 pawns = a bishop and2 pawns

The queen : 9 points = 9 pawns = 2 bishops and a knight

The king :Unlimited = the power of king is infinite, because kingrepresents the player. If the player loses the king, the player will lose thegame.

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UNIT 4ATTACKING A PIECE

SUBJECTS

ATTACKING A PIECE

DISCOVERED ATTACKINGDOUBLE ATTACK ( TREAT )

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56

Period

THEAIMOF

THEUNIT

THEADVANTAGESFOR

CHILDREN

SUBJECTS

EQUIPMENTS

NT

A

TTACKINGAPIECE

U

I

4

Thestudentswhofinish

this


1-attackingapiece.

2-themoveforattacking

a

pieceandshowitonbo

ard.

3-discoveredattackinga

nd

showitonboard.

4-theconceptofattack.

5-doubleattackandshowit

onboard.

ChessSet

DemonstrationB

oard

Computer

Projection

Theaimofthisunitis

toteach;

1-theconceptof

attackingapiece.

2-howthepiecesare

attackingthe

opponentspieces.

3-discovered

attacking

4-totelltheconcept

ofattack

5-toshowdouble

attackandtellthe

importanceofit.

Attackingapiece

Discoveredattacking

Doubleattack


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ATTACKING A PIECE

The player wants to capture the opponent's piece with this move and thisis called attacking a piece.

The bishop is on a4. It comes to c2 with a move. The bishop wants tocapture the knight with this move. This move of the bishop is called attacking a

piece.

The rook comes to b1 with a move. The rook wants to capture the bishopwith this move. This move is called attacking a piece.

XIIIIIIIIY8-+-+-+-+07+-+-+-+n06-+-+-+-+05+-+-+-+-0

4L+-+-+-+03+-+-+-+-02-+-+-+-+01+-+-+-+-0xabcdefghy

XIIIIIIIIY8-+-+-+-+07+l+-+-+-06-+-+-+-+05+-+-+-+-0

4-+-+-+-+03+-+-+-+-02-+-+-+-+01+-+-+-+R0xabcdefghy

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Attack to capture a piece: A piece wants to capture the opponent's piece and itis called the attack to capture a piece.

The queen plays to b2 from f2. It wants to capture the rook with thismove. A piece wants to capture the opponent's piece and it is called the attack tocapture a piece. The opponent's piece is under attack.So that:The queen attacts the rook.The rook is attacked by the queen.

The knight plays to g4 from f2. The knight wants to capture the queen

with this move.So that:The knight attacks the queen.The queen is attacked by the knight.

XIIIIIIIIY8-+-+-+-+07+-+-+-tr-06-+-+-+-+05+-+-+-+-04-+-+-+-+03+-+-zPP+-02-+-+-wQ-+0


XIIIIIIIIY8-+-+-+-+07+-+-+-+-06-+-+-+-wq05+-+-+-+-04-+-+-+-+0

3+-+-+-+-02-+-+-sN-+01+-+-+-+-0xabcdefghy

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XIIIIIIIIY

8-+-+-+-+07+-+-+-+-06-tr-+-+-+05+-+-+-+-04-+-+-+-+03+-+-sN-+-02-+-+-+-+0


XIIIIIIIIY

8-+l+-+-+07+-+-+-+-06-+-+-+-+05+-+-+-+-04-+-+-+-+03+N+-+-+-02-+-+-+-+0


XIIIIIIIIY8-+-+-+-+07+-+-+-+-06-+-+-+-+05+-+-sn-+-0

4-+-+-+-+03+-+-+-+-02-+-zP-+-+01+-+-+-+-0xabcdefghy

XIIIIIIIIY8-+-+-+-+07+-+-+-+-06-+-+-sn-+05+-+-+-+-0

4-+-+-+-+03+-+-+-+-02-tR-+-+-+01+-+-+-+-0xabcdefghy

Question 1:Which squares the knightcan attack the rook?Answer:It can attack the rook fromc4 and d5.

Question 2:Which square the bishopmust go to attack theknight?Answer:It has to go e6 to attackthe knight.

Question 3:Which move the pawnmust do to attack the

knight?Answer:It has to play d4 to attackto knight.

Question 4:Which squares the rookcan attack the knight?

Answer:It can attack the knightfrom f2 and b6.

59

EXERCISES


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XIIIIIIIIY8-+-+-+-+07+-+-wq-+-0

6-+-+-+-+05+-+L+-+-04-+-+-+-+03+-+-+-+-02-+-+-+-+01+-+-+-+-0xabcdefghy

XIIIIIIIIY8-+-+-+-+07+-+-+-+-0

6-+-+-+-+05+-+-+-+-04-+K+-+-+03+-+-+-+-02n+-+-+-+01+-+-+-+-0xabcdefghy

Question 5:Which squares the queencan attack the bishop?Answer:It can attack the bishopfrom d6, d7, d8, c5, e5and g5.

Question 6:Which square the king mustgo to attack the knight?Answer:It must go b3 to attack theknight.

XIIIIIIIIY8-+-+-+-+07+-+-+-+-06-+-+-+-+05+-+r+-+-04-+-+-sn-+03+-+-+-+-0

2-+-+P+-+01+-+-+-+-0xabcdefghy

Question 7:How the pawn must play toattack the rook and theknight?Answer:

It must play e4 to capturethe rook and e3 to capturethe knight.

XIIIIIIIIY8-+-+-+-+07+-+-+-tR-06-sn-+-+-+05+-+-+-+-04-+-+-+-+03+-+-+l+-0

2-+-+-+-+01+-+-+-+-0xabcdefghy

Question 8:How the rook must play toattack the bishop and theknight?Answer:

It must play f7 or g3 tocapture the bishop and b7or g6 to capture the knight.

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DISCOVERED ATTACKING

A player can't capture a piece because it is prevented by the player's ownpiece in some positions. This piece prevents the player to attack the opponent'spiece. Because this piece close the way between player's piece and opponent'spiece. The way must be opened for the player to attack the piece. Player mayremove this block to attack a piece. This is called discovered attacking.

If the white knight doesn't exist,

the queen may capture the rook.The knight prevents the queen tocapture the rook. The knight has toplay for the queen to capture therook. The position of the knightcloses the way of the queen.

The pawn prevents the rook tordcapture the bishop. The 3 rank

has to be open for the rook tocapture the bishop. White maymove the pawn for rook to

attack bishop.

White bishop may capture therook if the knight doesn't exist onthe bishop's way. The knightcloses the way of bishop. Thisway has to be open for the bishopto capture the rook. So the knighthas to make the move. Whiteknight may move and the bishopattacks the rook.

XIIIIIIIIY8-+-+-+-+07+-+-+-tr-06-+-+-+-+05+-+-+-+-04-+-+-+-+03+-sN-+-+-02-+-+-+-+01wQ-+-+-+-0xabcdefghy

XIIIIIIIIY8-+-+-+-+07+-+-+-zpk06-+-+-+-zp05+-+-+-+-04-+-+-+-+03tR-+P+-+l0

2-+-+-+-+01+-mK-+-+-0xabcdefghy

XIIIIIIIIY8-+k+-+-tr07+-+-+-+-06-+-+-+-+05+-+-+-+-04-+-sN-+-+03+-+-+-+-0

2-vL-+-+-zP01+K+-+-+-0xabcdefghy

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XIIIIIIIIY

8r+-+-+-+07+-+-+-+-06-+-+-+-+05+-+-+-+-04-+-+N+-+03+-+-+L+-02-+-+-+-+0


XIIIIIIIIY

8-tr-+-+-+07+-+-+-+-06-sn-+-+-+05+-+-+-+-04-+-+-+-+03+-+-+-+-02-+-+-+-+0

1+N+-+-+-0xabcdefghy

XIIIIIIIIY8-+-+k+-+07+-+-+-+-06-+-+-+-tr05+-+-+-+-0

4-+-+-+-+03+-+-mK-+-02-+-+-+-+01+-vL-+-+-0xabcdefghy

XIIIIIIIIY8-+-+-+-+07zp-+-mk-+n06-+-+-+-+05+-+-+-+-0

4-+-+-+-+03+-+P+-+-02-+L+-mK-+01+-+-+-+-0xabcdefghy

Question 1:Which piece the whiteplayer must play fordiscovered attack?Answer:White player must play theknight.

Question 2:Which piece the blackplayer must play fordiscovered attack?Answer:Black player must playthe knight.

Question 3:Show the move of whiteplayer for discoveredattack.Answer:White player makes thepawn move and the bishopattacks the knight.

Question 4:Show the move of whiteplayer for discovered attack.

Answer:White player makes the kingmove and the bishop attacksthe rook.

62

EXERCISES


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XIIIIIIIIY8-+-mkn+-+07+-+-+-+-06-+-+-+-+05tR-zP-+-+l04-+-+-+-+03+-+-+-+-02-+-mK-+-+01+-+-+-+-0xabcdefghy

XIIIIIIIIY8-+-+-+-+07+-+-+-+-06-vl-+-mk-+05+-sn-+-+-04-+-+-+-+03+-+-+-+-02-+-+-+-+01+K+-+-sN-0xabcdefghy

Question 5:Show the move of whiteplayer for discoveredattack.Answer:White player plays thepawn and the rook attacksthe bishop.

Question 6:Which piece the blackplayer must play fordiscovered attack?Answer:Black player makes theknight move and the bishopattacks the knight.

XIIIIIIIIY8-+-+-+-+07+-+-+-+-06l+P+Q+-+05+-+-+N+-04-+-+-+-+03+-+-+-+r0

2-+-+-+-+01+-+-+-+-0xabcdefghy

Question 7:Show the move of whiteplayer for discovered attack.Answer:White player plays the pawn

to c7 and the queen attacksthe bishop. White plays theknight and the queen attacksthe rook.

XIIIIIIIIY8-+-+-+-+07+r+-+k+-06-zp-+-+-+05+-+-+-+-04-+-+-zPP+03sn-+-+K+R0

2-+-+P+-+01+-+-+-+L0xabcdefghyQuestion 8:Show the move of whiteplayer for discovered attack.Answer:If the white player plays king

f2 move, the rook attacks theknight or the bishop attacksthe rook.

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DOUBLE ATTACK

A piece makes a move and attacks two opponent's pieces. The piece atthe power position has to attack for the double attack.

In the first diagram, white attacks none of the black pieces. The knightdefends the bishop from the attack of the queen. At second diagram, the knightplays to e6. The knight attacks the rook with this move. In the same time the

queen attacks the bishop. It is called double attack when a piece attacks twopieces with a move.

White attacks none of the blackplayer's pieces. White knightdefends the bishop from the attackof the rook. The knight plays to d3.

XIIIIIIIIY8-+-+-tr-+07+-+-+-+-06-+l+-+-+05+-sN-+-+-04-+-+-+-+0

3+-+-+-+-02-+-+-+-+01+-wQ-+-+-0xabcdefghy

XIIIIIIIIY8-+-+-tr-+07+-+-+-+-06-+l+N+-+05+-+-+-+-04-+-+-+-+03+-+-+-+-02-+-+-+-+01+-wQ-+-+-0xabcdefghy

XIIIIIIIIY8-mk-+-+-+07zpp+p+-+p06-+-+-+-+05+-vl-+-+-04-+-+-+-+03+-+-+-+-02PzP-+-+-+01mKR+-sN-+l0xabcdefghy

XIIIIIIIIY8-mk-+-+-+07zpp+p+-+p06-+-+-+-+05+-vl-+-+-04-+-+-+-+03+-+N+-+-02PzP-+-+-+01mKR+-+-+l0xabcdefghy

White player attacks two

different pieces with the knightmove. The knight attacks thebishop and at the same time therook attacks the bishop.

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XIIIIIIIIY

8k+-tr-sn-+07+p+-+pvl-06-+-zP-+-+05+-+-+-+-04-+-+-+-+03+-+-+-vL-02-+-+-+-+0

1+K+-+-tR-0xabcdefghy

XIIIIIIIIY

8-+-+-+-+07+l+-+-+-06-+-+-+pmk05+-+n+p+-04Pzp-+-zP-+03+-+-+-zP-02R+-+-+-zP0

1+-+-mK-+R0xabcdefghy

XIIIIIIIIY

8-+-+k+-+07+-+-+-+-06-+-+-+-+05+-+-+-+-04-+-+-sn-+03+-+-+-+-02R+-+P+-vl0

1+-+K+-+-0xabcdefghy

Question 1:Which square the whiteplayer must play the bishopto make double attack?Answer:The white player must playthe bishop to h4.

Question 2:Which square the blackplayer must play the knightto make double attack?Answer:The black player must playthe knight to c3. The black

knight attacks a2 and thebishop attacks h1 with thatmove.

Question 3:Which piece the white

player must play for doubleattack?Answer:The white player must playthe pawn to e3 from e2.The white pawn attacks theknight and the rook attacksthe bishop with that move.

65

EXERCISES


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XIIIIIIIIY8-+-+-+-+07mkp+-+-+l06p+-+-+zp+05+-+-+-+-04-+-+-sN-+03+-+-+-+-02-+-+-+-+01+R+-mK-+-0xabcdefghy

Question 4:Show the double attack

move of the black player.Answer:The black player has toplay the pawn to g6 fromg6. The pawn attacks theknight and the bishopattacks the rook with thatmove.

XIIIIIIIIY8-+-+-+r+07mkp+-+-zpp06p+-+N+-+05+-+-+-+-04-+-+-+-+03zPQ+-+-+-02KzP-+-+r+01+-+-+-+-0xabcdefghy

Question 5:

Show the double attackmove of the white player.Answer:The white player has to playthe knight to f4 from e6. Theknight attacks the rook ong2 and the queen attacks therook on g8 with that move.

Question 6:

Show the double attackmove of the white player.Answer:The double attack moveof white is the king's c3move. The white attacksboth the rook and thebishop with that move.

XIIIIIIIIY8-+-+k+-+07+-+-+-+-06-+-vl-+-+05+pzp-zp-+-04-+-+-+-+03+-+K+-+-02-tr-+-+-+01+-+R+-+-0xabcdefghy

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UNIT 5CHECK

SUBJECTS

CHECK

DISCOVERED CHECKDOUBLE CHECKKING UNDER ATTACK

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68

Period

THEAIMOF

THEUNIT

THEADVANTAGESFOR

CHILDREN

SUBJECTS

EQUIPMENT

S

NT

CHECKU

I

5



1-checkandshowonthe

board.

2-discoveredcheckands

how

ontheboard.

3-doublecheckandshow

on

theboard.

4-whatcanthekingdounder

attackandshowonthe

board.

5-mate.

ChessSet

DemonstrationB

oard

Computer

Projection

Theaimofthisunit

istoteach;

1-check,toshow

checkwith

differentpieces.

2-discoveredcheck.

3-doublecheckand

theimportanceof

doublecheck

4-whatcantheking

dounderattack.

5-mateposition.

Check

Discoveredcheck

doublecheck

Kingunderattack


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CHECKCheck is the move of a player who attacks opponent's king. A player

threatens the opponent's king with that move. This move is called check. Theopponent's king is under attack.

White queen is on b1. The queen plays to b8 from b1. The queen attacksblack king with that move. The move of queen is called check. White checkswith queen. Black king is under attack.

White bishop is on c1. The bishop plays to a3 from c1. The bishop attacksthe black king with this move. The move of bishop is called check. White bishopchecks. Black king is under attack.

XIIIIIIIIY8-+-+-+k+07+-+-+p+p06-+-+-+p+05+-+-+-wq-0

4-+-+-+-+03+-+-+-+P02-+-+-zPP+01+Q+-+-mK-0xabcdefghy

XIIIIIIIIY8-wQ-+-+k+07+-+-+p+p06-+-+-+p+05+-+-+-wq-0

4-+-+-+-+03+-+-+-+P02-+-+-zPP+01+-+-+-mK-0xabcdefghy

XIIIIIIIIY8-+-+-mk-+07+-+-+p+p06-+-+n+p+05+-+-+-+-04-+-+-+-+03+P+-+-+-02P+P+-+-+01+KvL-+-+-0xabcdefghy

XIIIIIIIIY8-+-+-mk-+07+-+-+p+p06-+-+n+p+05+-+-+-+-04-+-+-+-+03vLP+-+-+-02P+P+-+-+01+K+-+-+-0xabcdefghy

Before bishop movea3 After bishop move

69

Before queen move b8 After queen move b8


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XIIIIIIIIY8-+-+-+k+07+-+-+-vlp06-+-+-+p+05+-+-+-+-04-+-+-+-+03+-+-+-+-02P+-+-zP-+01+K+-+L+-0xabcdefghy

XIIIIIIIIY8-+-+k+-+07zp-+-+-+-06-+-+-+-+05+-+-+-+-04-+-sn-mK-+03zP-+-+-+-02-+-+-+-+01+N+-+-+-0xabcdefghy

XIIIIIIIIY8-+-+-+-+07+-+-mk-+-06-+-+-+-+05+-+-+-+-04-+-+-+-+03+-+-+-+-0

2-wQ-+-+-+01+-+-mK-+-0xabcdefghy

XIIIIIIIIY8r+-+-+k+07+-+-+-+-06-+-+-+-+05+-+-+-+-04-+-+K+-+03+-+-+-+-0

2-+-+-+-+01+-+-+-+-0xabcdefghy

Question 1:Which square white bishopmust play to check?Answer:It must play c4.

Question 2:Which squares black knightcan check?Answer:It can check from e2 and e6.

Question 3:Which squares white queencan check?Answer:It can check from a3, b4,b7, e2, e5 and g7.

Question 4:Which squares rook cancheck?Answer:It can check from a4 ande8.

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EXERCISES


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7+-+-+-+-06-+-+-+-+05+-+-+k+-04-+-+-+-+03+-+PzP-+-02-+-mK-+-+01+-+-+-+-0

xabcdefghy

XIIIIIIIIY8-+-+k+-+07+-+-+-+-06-+-+-zP-+05+-+-+-+-0

4-+-+N+-+03+-+-+-+-02Q+-+L+-+01mK-+-+-+R0xabcdefghy

Question 5:

Which move white playermust do to check?Answer:Player must play the pawnto e4.

Question 7:Show the check moves ofblack player.

Answer:Black player can makecheck from h6, g5, g3, g1,e5, d4 with queenh3, e1 with rookc5, g5 with bishopd1 with knight andd4 with pawn.

Question 6:Show the check moves ofwhite player.

Answer:White player can makecheck from a8, a4, e6, g8,f7 with queenH8 with rookB5, h5 with bishopD6 with knight andf7 with pawn.

XIIIIIIIIY8-+-+-+k+07+-+-vl-wq-06-+-+-+-+05+-+p+-+-0

4-+-+-+-+03+-sn-mK-+-02-+-+-+-+01+-+-+-+r0xabcdefghy

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DISCOVERED CHECKA player can't check because it is prevented by the player's own piece in

some positions. This piece prevents the player to attack the opponent's king.Because this piece close the king's way of opponent. The way must be opened tocheck. Player may remove this block to check. This is called discoveredcheck.

If the white knight doesn't exist, thequeen may check. The knight

prevents the queen to check. Theknight has to play for the queen tocheck.

XIIIIIIIIY8-+-+-+-+07+-+-+-+k0

6-+-+-+-+05+-+-+-+-04-+-+N+-+03+-+-+-+-02-+-+-+-+01+Q+-+-+-0xabcdefghy

The rook prevents the bishop tocheck. The diagonal way mustbe opened for bishop to check.The white player can make rookmove to check with bishop.

The bishop prevents the blackrook to check. The bishop hasto play for the rook to check.Although black plays thebishop, he checks with therook.

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3+-+PtR-+P02-+-+-+P+01+-+-+-vLK0xabcdefghy

XIIIIIIIIY8-+r+-+-mk07+-+-+-zp-06-+l+-+-zp05+-+p+-+-04-+-+-+-+0

3zP-+-+P+-02-zP-+-+PzP01+-mK-+L+R0xabcdefghy

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XIIIIIIIIY8k+-+-+-tr07zp-+-+-+-06-+-+-+-+05+-+-+-+-04-+-+-+-+03+-+-+NzP-0

2-+-+-+L+01+-+-+-mK-0xabcdefghy

XIIIIIIIIY8-+-+-+k+07zpp+-zp-+p06-+-+psn-+05+-+-+-+-04-+-+-+-+03+-+-+-sN-0

2-+-+-mKQ+01+-+-+-+-0xabcdefghy

XIIIIIIIIY8-+l+k+-tr0

7+-+n+-+-06-

Date post:	04-Apr-2018
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Teacher's Guide to Teaching Chess

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