Teaching-Learning Processes and Curriculum

Development

Take OffOne of the most often repeated

definitions of a curriculum is that curriculum is the total learning experience.

This lesson will focus on the teaching learning processes as salient components of the curriculum.

Teaching as a process in curriculum

Good teaching is difficult to agree upon. Because of the changing paradigms of

teaching, several definitions have evolved based on the theories of teaching and learning that have come about.

Some view teaching as an organization of meaningful learning.

Teaching process: PLANNING, IMPLEMENTING, and EVALUATING.

Figure 3Teaching Process

Implementation phase

Requires the teacher to implement what has been planned.

Two important players: Teacher and the Learner.

In planning phases: Need of the learners Achievable goals and objectives to meet the

needs. The selection of the content to be taught. The motivation to carry out the goals Strategies most fit to carry out the goals and The evaluation process to measure learning

outcomes.

Evaluation Phase

A match of the objectives with the learning outcomes will be made.

The evaluation phase will answer the question if the plans and implementation have been successfully achieved.

In all three phases of teaching, a continuous process of feedback and reflection is made.

Feedback - reflection on the feedback Reflection - is a process embedded in

teaching where the teacher inquires into his o her actions and provides deep and critical thinking.

AssumptionsThat teaching is goal oriented with the

change of behaviour as the ultimate end.That teachers are the ones who shape

actively their own actions.That teaching is a rational and a reflective

process.That teachers by their actions can influence

learners to change their own thinking.

Process of good teaching Well planed and where activities are inter-related

to each other. Is one that provides learning experiences. Is based on the theories of learning. Is one where the learner is stimulated to think and

reason. Utilizes prior learning and its application to new

situations. Is governed by democratic principles. Embeds a sound evaluation process.

Learning as a process in Curriculum "To teach is to make someone to learn"

Learning is usually defined as a change in an individual's behaviour caused by the experiences or self - activity.

Behavioural learning theories Cognitive learning theories. Discovery learning of Jerome Bruner states

that the individual learns from his own discovery of the environment.

Events of learning by Robert Gagne

Motivation phaseApprehending phaseAcquisition phaseRetention phaseRecall phaseGeneralization phaseFeedback phase

Describing learning Does not take place in an empty vessel. Is a social process. Is a result of individual experiences and self-

activity. Is both observable and measurable. Takes place when all the senses are utilized. Will be enhanced when the learner is

stimulated. Each learner has his own learning styles.

Teaching and Learning Go Together

Teaching as a process cannot be taken independently into its entirely.

The hand concepts of learning have become so vast that the simple stimulus-response theory alone cannot explain it.

Teaching is the cause and effect of learning.

Some ways of doing teaching and learning

The different methods of teaching can be clustered according to the number of students being taught.

Inductive method Deductive method Type study method Project method Laboratory method Question and answer method Lecture method

Ways of learning

• Learning by trial and error.• Learning by conditioning• Learning by insight• Learning by observation and

imitation through modelling.

Teaching and learning in the curriculum

One of the crucial issues raised today in education is not what the students should learn but rather how the student should learn how to learn.

Teaching and learning give life and meaning to the curriculum.

Each complement and supplement each other.

The value placed in teaching will reap the same value of learning, thus a good curriculum can be judged by the kind of teaching and the quality of learning derived from it.

Thank You For Listening