Teaching Methodologies for

Macronutrients

C6H12O6

C6H12O6

© PDST Home Economics

Protein

Amino Acid

CH COOH

NH2

R

Amino Acid

C C

N

R

H

H H

O

OH

Amino Acid

C COOH (Acid)

NH2

(Alkaline)

R

Hydrogen

Variable

Carboxyl group

Amino group

H

C = Carbon

Amino Acid

C COOH (Acid)

NH2

(Alkaline)

R

Hydrogen Carboxyl group

Amino group

H

C = Carbon

Amino Acid

CH COOH (Acid)

NH2

(Alkaline)

H

H = HydrogenNH2 = Amino groupR = variableC = CarbonCOOH = Carboxyl group

R = A HydrogenHydrogen atom

GLYCINE

Amino Acid

CH COOH (Acid)

NH2

(Alkaline)

HSCH2

H = HydrogenNH2 = Amino groupR = variableC = CarbonCOOH = Carboxyl group

R = A HSCH2 atom

CONTAINS SULPHUR

CYSTEINE

Formation of a Peptide Link

C COOH

NH2

C CR

N

O

OH

H H

R

H2O

HH

Condensation

C COOH

NH2

C CR

N

O

OH

H H

R

H2O

HH

Condensation

Peptide Link

C COOH

NH2

C CR

N

O

H

R

H2O

HH

Primary Structure

Different amino acids

Peptide link

Secondary Structure

Disulphide linkSS

SS

Tertiary Structure

Amino Acids

An Analogy to The letters of the alphabet!

ABCD

Amino Acids…………The alphabetic code for proteins!

Think of amino acids as letters of the alphabet!

26 letters….

ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQ….

From which every word is composed

20 Amino Acids….

Leucine, Isoleucine, Methionine,Tryptophan,Lysine, Valine…………

From which every protein is composed

Letters Amino Acids

The making of a word!

The sequence of Letters determines the word

GODA Word!

The making of a protein chain

A Protein!

The sequence of Amino Acids determines the

protein

GD O

Add or insert another Letter

GOOD

A new Word!

Notice - Letters can be repeated…….And so can Amino Acids!

A new Protein!

Add or insert another Amino Acid

PROPER ORDER!

“FORM”

““STRESSED”STRESSED”

“FROM”

““DESSERTS”DESSERTS”

ANY LENGTH!Different words – Different lengths An And Annoy

Different protein - Different lengths

Insulin - 51 Amino Acids Haemoglobin – 500+ Amino Acids Keratin – Thousands Amino Acids

Carbohydrates

Periodic Table

I II III IV V VI VII VIII

H He

Li Be B C N O F Ne

Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar

K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr

Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe

Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn

Fr Ra Ac

C – 4 BondsH – 1 BondO – 2 Bonds

c o

C

C C

C

H

OH

CH2OH

H

OH

H

H

H

OH

OH

C6H12O6

+ C6H12O6

____________C12H24O12

C12H24O12

- H2O _______________

C12H22O11

Formation of a Disaccharide

Monosaccharides

C6H12O6

Disaccharides

C12H22O11

Polysaccharides

C6H12O6

(C6H10O5)n

C6H12O6 C6H12O6

C6H12O6

- H2O - H2O - H2O

Photosynthesis Is

The process where plants use Carbon Dioxide from the atmosphere, Water from the soil and sunlight energy to make Food and oxygen.

6CO2 + 6H20 6CO2 + 6H20

C6H1206 + 6O2C6H1206 + 6O2

SunlightChlorophyll

LIPIDS

Composition of Lipids

GLYCEROL

FATTY ACID 1

FATTY ACID 2

FATTY ACID 3

= Triglyceride + 3H2O

Chemical Composition and Molecular structure of a

Triglyceride

CH20H

CH0H

CH20H

R-COOH

R-COOH

R-COOH

= Triglyceride + 3H2O

1 MOLECULE OF GLYCEROL

3 MOLECULES OF FATTY ACID

Monounsaturated Fatty Acid

H C C C C OH

H H H H

HH

H

C C

O

H

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid

HO C C C C C C

H H H

H H

HHO

Mono-unsaturated Fatty Acid

H C C C C OH

H H H H

HH

H

C C

O

H

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid

HO C C C C C C

H H H

H H

HHO

Spot the Difference!

CIS FATS TRANS FATS

C C

H

H

C C

H H