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Teaching Research Writing to
Advanced ESL Students
by
Tamara Hankiewicz and Cheryl Jones
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Why Teach Research Writing? It prepares students for academic writing in
college classes.
Students learn to research a topic by findingrelevant sources.
They gain a deeper understanding of aspecific topic.
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What is a Research Paper? According to Writing a Research Paper
(Menasche, 1984), there are two types of
papers:
Report research paper
Argumentative research paper
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Choosing a Topic Interesting & Relevant
Students must be able to form aresearch question using this topic. Topic
Research Question
Thesis Statement
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Finding Sources University or local library resources
The OWL at Purdue website:
http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl
Google scholar
Websites ending in .edu, .gov., and .org
Michigan eLibrary: www.mel.org
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Formatting Styles
MLA Liberal Arts and Humanities
Chicago History and Humanities
APA Social Science
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How to Take Notes Read with a pen and paper in hand.
Look for the main idea of every paragraph.
For specific ideas/thoughts, students should
use a paraphrase in the notes so they will notinadvertently plagiarize.
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How to Take Notes Use a separate note card for each source
(include all citation information at the top).
Note cards are also easier to use fororganizing the paper and finding each source
quickly.
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Outlining This skill helps students organize and make
connections between their ideas and research
findings leading to new ideas.
Students discover how different ideas in their
research overlap.
Use the basic outline format
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Quoting & Paraphrasing When using direct quotes, use quotation
marks around the quote.
Three steps to a perfect paraphrase:
Use synonyms
Restructure the sentence Change the word forms (noun to a verb)
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Steps to ParaphrasingOriginal Text:
There are many instances in which a second language learnerdoes not feel an affinity with the target language community(Gass & Selinker, 2001).
Key Words and Phrases with Synonyms:instances = circumstancessecond language learner = ESL studentsaffinity = attractiontarget language = new language
Possible Paraphrase:The student of another language must feel some attractiontoward the new language, but many times this is not thecircumstance (Gass & Selinker, 2001).
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Example of a Bad ParaphraseOriginal Text:
There are many instances in which a second
language learner does not feel an affinity with thetarget language community (Gass & Selinker, 2001).
Bad paraphrase:
There are many circumstances in which an ESLstudent does not feel an affection with the targetlanguage community.
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Summarizing Students practice putting the main ideas and
main points of a text into their own words.
It provides support to their position.
This is great practice for avoiding plagiarism.
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Practicing Summarizing Students can read an article and see an
example summary, quotation, and
paraphrase on the OWLs website:http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/563/03/
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Writing a Reference Page Students use the APA citations from their
note cards and put them into the reference
page. Attention to detail is extremely important!
Good resources include APA manuals, KnightCite (www.calvin.edu/library/knightcite), orwww.apastyle.org
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Practice with Reference PageUseful websites include:
http://www.dianahacker.com/resdoc/p04_c09_s2.html#directory http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/
http://www.apastyle.org/
Writing a Research Paper has a few goodexercises where students can practiceproper formatting of a reference.
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In-Text Citations Begin by reviewing reported speech and verbs, such
as states, posits, suggests, maintains, etc.
APA style uses the authors last name and the date ofpublication.
Good online references for writing in-text citationsinclude: http://www.dianahacker.com/resdoc/p04_c09_s1.html
http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/02/
http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/03/
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EditingWhen editing your research paper, look for:
the thesis statement
organization of the text
format (margins, in-text citations, linespacing, title page, etc)
grammar
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Works CitedAPA Style (2009). Retrieved September 10, 2009, from http://www.apastyle.org/Brinton, D., Frodesen, J., Holten, C., Jensen, L., & Repath-Martos, L. (1997).
Insights 2: A content-based approach to academic preparation. New York:Longman.
Dianahacker.com. Retrieved September 10, 2009, fromhttp://www.dianahacker.comGass, S. & Selinker, L. (2001). Second language acquisition: An introductory course
(2nd ed.). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Hacker, D. (2000). A pocket style manual (3rd ed.). Boston: Bedford/St. Martins.KnightCite (2009). Retrieved September 10, 2009, from
http://www.calvin.edu/library/knightcite/index.phpMenasche, L. (1984). Writing a research paper. Ann Arbor, MI: University of
Michigan Press.Michigan eLibrary (2009). Retrieved September 10, 2009, from http://www.mel.orgThe OWL at Purdue. (2009). Retrieved September 10, 2009, from
http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (5th ed.). (2001).
Washington D.C.: American Psychological Association.
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Contact Information
Tamara Hankiewicz [email protected]
Cheryl Jones [email protected]