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First order civil divisions of Russia Civil Divisions of Russia (2008)comprised of 83 federal subjects that have equal representation (2 delegates each) in the Federal

Council but differ in their autonomy

• 46 oblasts (provinces) with a federally appointed governor and locally elected legislature

• 21 republics (nominally autonomous ethnic• 21 republics (nominally autonomous ethnic homelands)

• 9 krais (an historic designation of former frontier regions; basically means “territory”)

• 4 okrugs (autonomous regions within oblasts)• 1 autonomous Jewish oblast• 2 federal cities (Moscow and St. Petersburg) that

function as separate regions

First order civil divisions ofThe People’s Republic of China

Civil Divisions of the PRC (2008)• 23 provinces (including Taiwan)• 5 autonomous regions

– Basically ethnic homelands of non-Han citizens that have autonomy in cultural affairs

– Includes Xizang Autonomous Region, formerly Tib tTibet

• 2 special administrative regions, Hong Kong and Macau, that operate with a relatively high degree of autonomy

• 4 centrally administered metropolitan areas: Beijing, Chongqing, Shanghai and Tianjin.

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Indian Territory• Land set aside with the U.S. for use by Native

Americans.• Boundaries established by the Indian

Intercourse Act of 1834.• Served as the destination for the policy of

Indian Removal.• Infamous as the endpoint of the “Trail of

Tears” and resettlement site for The Five Civilized Tribes.

• Proposed location of The State of Sequoyah• Ended with Oklahoma statehood, 1907.

There are 310 Indian reservations in the United States and about 550 tribes that are officially recognized by the U.S. Bureau of Indian Affairs. Thus, not all tribes have a reservation.

The reservations account for about 2.3% of the United States and vary greatly in size. Twelve are larger than the State of Rhode Island. The Navajo Nation is the largest, and is roughly the size of West Virginia.

“Tribal sovereignty” applies to reservations. As a result , laws on tribal lands may differ from surrounding areas. Thus, casinos sometimes are found on reservations, but not elsewhere in the states that contain them.

Taos Pueblo, NM

Acoma Pueblo, NM

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Mohegan Sun Resort and CasinoMohegan Tribal Nation Reservation

by the Thames River between New London and Norwich, CT

Mohegan Sun Casino2nd largest in the U.S. in gaming space

Foxwoods Resort and CasinoMashantucket, CT

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Top Five Native American Groups(2000 U.S. Census)

Cherokee 729,533Navajo 298,197Choctaw 158,774Sioux 153,360Chippewa 149,669

NATIVE AMERICAN POPUATION DATA:YEAR 2000 U.S. CENSUS

GENERAL NATIVEPOPULATION AMERICANS

TOTAL 277,300,000 4,100,000

PERCENT 98.5 1.5

H.S. GRADS 80.4% 74.7%

P.C. INCOME $21,587 $14,267

POVERTY RATE 12.4% 22.0%

UNEMPLOYMENT 3.7% 6.6%

Nunavut Nunavut

• The largest civil division in North America.• Created in 1999 from land formerly in Northwest

Territories.• The result of “territorial claims” by native peoples. A

homeland for the Inuits (formerly “eskimoes”).( y )• Population as of October 1, 2010 – 33,268 (StatCan)• 18% of territory owned outright by Inuits.• The remainder is Crown land over which Inuit have

considerable say as concerns planning and development.

Iqaluit(formerly Frobisher Bay)

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Legislative Assembly, Iqaluit

Brazil’s Indigenous Homelands

FUNAI – Fundacao National do Indio• National Indian Foundation -- The Brazilian

government body that establishes and carries out policies related to indigenous peoples.

• Responsible for mapping out and protecting indigenous territory from incursions by loggersindigenous territory from incursions by loggers, miners, ranchers and other outsiders.

• Includes a General Coordination Unit for Uncontacted Indians (est. 1987).

• A branch of the Brazilian Ministry of Justice.

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Ecuadorian grandmother who won $8.6 Billion lawsuit against Chevron

Ecuador

Australia:Indigenous Land Use Agreements The Republic of Ciskei

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Locations of Bantustans

Bantustan• A homeland created in the 1960s for black

residents of South Africa. Forced re-location.• Officially done to create ethnically

homogenous, autonomous nation-states.• Real purpose was to reduce the native

population of South Africa and preservepopulation of South Africa and preserve white minority rule.

• Also, to create economic dependency by creating Bantustans that lacked good natural resources.

• Now a pejorative term signifying a State that lacks legitimacy.