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2. TABLE OF CONTENTS_______________________________________________________________1. Title Page................i2. Table of Contents...ii Figures....iv Photos.....v Tables.vii Appendicesviii3. Summary ......................................................................................................................................... 94. Introduction And Terms Of Reference ......................................................................................... 114.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 114.2 Terms Of Reference .................................................................................................................... 124.3 Sources Of Information............................................................................................................... 135. Reliance On Other Experts ........................................................................................................... 136. Property Description And Location .............................................................................................. 147. Accessibility, Climate, Local Resources, Infrastructure And Physiography ................................ 168. History .......................................................................................................................................... 179. Geological Setting ......................................................................................................................... 189.2 Property Geology ........................................................................................................................ 219.2.1 Wolverine Metasedimentary Gneisses ..................................................................................... 249.2.1.1 Metawacke, Metapelite And Related Migmatites ................................................................. 249.2.1.2 Quartz Arenite And Quartz-Rich Metawacke ....................................................................... 269.2.1.3 Calcium-Rich Clastic Metasedimentary Rocks .................................................................... 269.2.1.4 Calc-Silicate Rocks And Marble........................................................................................... 269.2.1.5 Migmatized Tonalite And Quartz Diorite ............................................................................. 279.2.2 Felsic To Intermediate Intrusive Rocks ................................................................................... 289.2.2.1 Peraluminous, S-Type Granitic Pegmatites .......................................................................... 289.2.2.2 Wolverine Range Intrusive Suite .......................................................................................... 299.2.3 Mafic To Intermediate Intrusive Rocks ................................................................................... 309.2.3.1 M12000 Road Intrusive Complex ......................................................................................... 3010. Deposit Types ............................................................................................................................. 3111. Mineralization ............................................................................................................................. 3411.1.1 Ursa Occurrence..................................................................................................................... 3611.1.1.1 Mineral And Lithochemistry ............................................................................................... 4111.1.2 Laura Occurrence ................................................................................................................... 4311.1.2.1 Lithochemistry .................................................................................................................... 4711.1.3 Pegmatite 541......................................................................................................................... 5011.1.4 Will #1 And #2 Rare-Earth Element Occurrences ................................................................. 5211.1.6 Summary Of Anomalous Rare-Earth Element Concentrations ............................................. 5411.1.6.1 Bulk Rock Samples ............................................................................................................. 5411.1.6.2 Summary Of Light Rare-Earth Element And Yttrium-Bearing Minerals Documented ByElectron Microprobe Analysis .......................................................................................................... 54 ii 3. 11.2.1 Cordierite-Orthoamphibole Lithologies Potentially Linked With Volcanogenic MassiveSulphide Mineralization .................................................................................................................... 5512. EXPLORATION......................................................................................................................... 5912.1 Geophysical Surveys ................................................................................................................. 6012.1.1 Magnetic Surveys................................................................................................................... 6012.1.2 Radiometric Surveys .............................................................................................................. 6112.2 Soil Sample Surveys ................................................................................................................. 6112.2.1 Laura Grid .............................................................................................................................. 6112.2.2 Will #1 Grid ........................................................................................................................... 6212.2.4 Ursa Grid ................................................................................................................................ 6212.3 Stream Sediment Surveys ......................................................................................................... 6212.4 Results ....................................................................................................................................... 6213. DRILLING .................................................................................................................................. 6514. Sample Method And Approach................................................................................................... 6515. Sample Preparation, Analyses And Security .............................................................................. 6515.1.1 Acme Analytical Laboratories Ltd. ........................................................................................ 6715.1.2 ALS Chemex Laboratory Group ............................................................................................ 6715.1.3 Activation Laboratories ......................................................................................................... 6715.1.4 Geoscience Laboratories - Ontario Geological Survey .......................................................... 6716. DATA Verification ..................................................................................................................... 7016.3 Qualityassurance (QA) And Quality Control (QC) .................................................................. 7516.3.1 Quality Control Procedures At Analytical Laboratories ........................................................ 7716.3.1.1 Acme Analytical Laboratories ............................................................................................ 7716.3.1.2 ALS Chemex Laboratory Group ......................................................................................... 7816.3.1.4 Geoscience Laboratories - Ontario Geological Survey ....................................................... 7917. Adjacent Properties ..................................................................................................................... 7911.2.2.1 Allanite ................................................................................................................................ 8311.2.2.2 Other Minerals .................................................................................................................... 8618. Mineral Processing And Metallurgical Testing .......................................................................... 8819. Mineral Resource And Mineral Reserve Estimates .................................................................... 8820. Other Relevant Data And Interpretation ..................................................................................... 8821. Interpretation And Conclusions .................................................................................................. 8822. Recommendations ....................................................................................................................... 9123. References ................................................................................................................................... 9324. Certificate Of The Qualified Person ........................................................................................... 9925. Date And Signature Page .......................................................................................................... 100FIGURESFigure 1. Terranes and assemblages that comprise the western Cordillera of British Columbia and theYukon with location of the Mount Bisson rare-earth element property. Map source: Geological Surveyof Canada http://gsc.nran.gc.ca/cordgeo/terrane_e.php .................................................................... 20iii 4. Figure 2. General geology of the Wolverine rare-earth-type pegmatite field that depict locations ofvarious mineral occurrences described in this report. The bold red line represents the outline of theMount Bisson claim-block. Details of the individual claims that comprise this block can be found inFigure 3b. Geology compiled and slightly modified after Ferri and Melville (1994) and Halleran(1991). ............................................................................................................................................... 21Figure 3a. Locations of 2007 sample sites within and proximal to the Mount Bisson claim-group.Present outline of the claim-group is shown in red. Triangles give locations of all known rare-earthelement occurrences. The locations of samples collected in 2008 are given Figures 10 and 15. ..... 22Figure 3b. Locations of 2010 sample sites and known rare-earth element mineral occurrences withinand adjacent to the Mount Bisson claim-group. This map also includes location of the Manson RiverEast Cu-W-Ag occurrence that lies adjacent to the claim-block. ..................................................... 23Figure 4. Chondrite-normalized REE plot for various clastic metasedimentary rocks from theWolverine gneisses. .......................................................................................................................... 25Figure 5. Chondrite-normalized REE plot for peraluminous, S-type granitic pegmatites of the MountBisson area. ....................................................................................................................................... 29Figure 6. Chondrite-normalized REE plot for various units of the M-12000 Road intrusive complex.31Figure 7. Chondrite-normalized REE plot for all rock types from the Ursa occurrence. ................. 42Figure 8. Chondrite-normalized REE plot for calc-silicate metasedimentary rocks of the Wolverinegneisses in the Mount Bisson area. ................................................................................................... 43Figure 9. Sample locations for the Laura and Pegmatite 541 rare-earth element occurrences and fromadjacent exposures located near Mount Bisson superimposed upon total magnetic field map fromsurvey flown by Fugro Airborne Surveys Incorporated (Luckman 2006). The delineation of granitic-pegmatitic plutons of the Wolverine Range intrusive suite was derived from magnetic and geologicaldata. ................................................................................................................................................... 45Figure 10. SiO2 versus K2O/Na2O for granitic and pegmatitic rocks from the Laura grid in comparisonto the average compositions of plutons from British Columbia associated with various types of skarnmineralization (Ray and Webster 1991). The dashed line represents interlayered syenite-trondhjemitecompositions (926520 and 926521) at the Laura REE occurrence. Average composition of the 1.7 GaBurstall pluton associated with U-REE skarn mineralization at the Mary-Kathleen deposit wasextracted from Australian Geoscience: http://www.ga.gov.au/image_cache/GA3785.pdf The author,however, is unable to verify the information in relation to the tonnage and average grade of the Mary-Kathleen U-REE deposit and therefore these data are not necessarily indicative of mineralization onthe Mount Bisson claim-group that is the subject of this technical report. ....................................... 48Figure 11. Chondrite-normalized REE plot for units of the Laura #1 occurrence compared tomagnetite-titanite-biotite granite at nearby pluton of the Wolverine Range intrusive suite. ............ 49Figure 12. Chondrite-normalized REE plot for granitic rocks, related pegmatites and diorite within thenorthwest area of the1988 Laura grid compared with magnetite-titanite-allanite-biotite granite from anearby pluton of the Wolverine Range intrusive suite (926524). ..................................................... 49Figure 13. Chondrite-normalized REE plot for sodic granitic pegmatite (Pegmatite 541), andmetasomatized and unaltered Wolverine gneiss host-rocks compared to magnetite-titanite-allanite-biotite granite at nearby pluton of the Wolverine Range intrusive suite. .......................................... 52iv 5. Figure 14. Sample sites in vicinity of the Will # 1 and Will # 2 rare-earth element occurrences andfrom the anthophyllite-corundum-cordierite-bearing gneiss localities superimposed upon the airbornemagnetic base of Fugro Airborne Surveys Ltd. ............................................................................... 55Photo 18. False colour backscattered electron image showing mineralogy and textural relations ingarnet-anthophyllite-cordierite felsic gneiss at locality 08-FWB-10. ............................................... 58Figure 15. Example of volcanogenic massive sulphide mineralization in the Saviankannas Zn-Cu-Agdeposit of Finland associated with metamorphosed alteration zones now characterized by cordierite-anthophyllite-bearing mineral assemblages. Image fromhttp://en.gtk.fi/ExplorationFindland/Commodities/Zinc/Saviankannas.html ................................... 59Figure 16. Chondrite-normalized REE plot for Laura No. 1 and No. 2 occurrences on Mount Bissonthat compares the historical data of Halleran (1991) with that of Leighton (1997). ......................... 71Figure 17. Chondrite-normalized REE plot for units of the M-12000 Road occurrence. Samples926530 and 926531 represent duplicate samples split in the field from a homogeneous, medium-grained unit (titanite-diopside quartz diorite) that were submitted to Acme Analytical Laboratories forexternal quality control assessment (see also Table 10). .................................................................. 83PHOTOSPhoto 1. Good exposure of highly deformed and locally migmatized clastic metasedimentary rocks onthe Munro Camp Road. Arrow on the right side indicates a dyke of peraluminous, S-type pegmatiticgranite that is discordant to host-rock foliation and yet has been subjected to ductile deformation alongits contact. ......................................................................................................................................... 24Photo 2. Highly tectonized layers of buff coloured quartz arenite (towards left side of photo) within adominant, dark brown sillimanite-biotite metapelite at locality 07-FWB-15. .................................. 26Photo 3. Highly strained, migmatitic quartz diorite to tonalite with granite leucosomes in whichseverely flattened, isoclinal folds are barely discernible (as left of pencil). ..................................... 28Photo 4. Small exposure of the potassic pegmatite core zone at the Ursa REE occurrence. The rock isstrongly deformed and exhibits a strong mineral stretching lineation in quartz and augen-shaped K-feldspar megacrysts. The lineation is parallel to the faint black line on the right part of outcrop. ... 37Photo 5. Quartz-plagioclase400 ppm) in a 75 by 200 metre area. The peak value of 970 ppm Sr coincides with the main rare-earth element showing. Cerium was also concluded to be anomalous at >75 ppm levels with a peakvalue of 161 ppm.12.2.3 Will #2 GridSixty-five samples were collected by Halleran (1988c) on this grid that was found to be highlyanomalous in cerium. A 200 by 300 m anomaly, which exceeds 150 ppm with a peak value of 411ppm, was delineated on the grid near the main showing. This anomaly correlates with Sr levels thatexceed 325 ppm with a peak value of 402 ppm.12.2.4 Ursa GridSixty-five samples were also collected over the Ursa Grid and low values of Ce and Sr weredocumented by Halleran (1988c) relative to the three grids already described. Nevertheless, Halleran(1988c) stated that the 50 ppm Ce contour defined the showing.12.3 Stream Sediment SurveysTwo bulk stream sediment geochemical surveys were undertaken by the BC government in 1983 and1988 in the general region that included streams draining the western boundary area of the MountBisson claim-group (Melville and Ferri 1988: Open File Map and in vicinity of the M-12000, Will #1,Will #2 and Ursa occurrences. Eight samples were collected on the claim-group by those surveys,however, the writer was unable to locate any rare-earth element data in the document that appends thegovernment map.Halleran (1988c) collected 24 panned concentrates for several streams such as Munro Creek andconcluded that these samples were unable to elicit a rare-earth response.In the 2010 field work, 11 stream sediment samples were collected by T. Barresi and sent for analysisat ALS Chemex Labs. The REE content of the samples ranged from 281 to 478 ppm and modestlyelevated above the average upper continental crust average of 149 ppm REE.12.4 ResultsOnly one period of previous mineral exploration was carried out (1987 to 1989) by Halleran (1988a, band c) that was, in part, associated through an option agreement with Chevron Minerals Limited. Thereis no record of any trench work or of channel samples that were systematically undertaken across therare-earth element-mineralized pegmatites or in the alteration halos adjacent to these pegmatites. Mostanalyzed material in the historical record probably represents grab samples.62 63. In the present investigation, a total of 100 bulk rock grab samples, collected by the author in 2007 and2008, and T. Barresi in 2010 were sent to four certified commercial laboratories for analysis. Theauthor cautions that grab samples are, by definition, selective and are unlikely to represent averagegrades at the various occurrences.The current work undertaken at a reconnaissance level in parts of three field seasons has confirmed thepresence of rare-earth element mineralization at two of the historical occurrences (Ursa and Laurashowings) and discovered new rare-earth mineralization at a further two localities (M-12000 Road andCentral Occurrences).Data from these investigations, however, has yet to confirm any of the elevated total REE values in therange of 1.3 to 13.5 wt.% that were documented in the historical work of Halleran (1988a, b, c) for theLaura and nearby Pegmatite 541 occurrences (Table 1 and Appendix 1). No work was undertaken ontwo other historical occurrences (Will #1 and #2) as these showings could not be located due to densesecond growth vegetation. The M12000 Road occurrence, discovered in 2007 by the author, originallywas situated on claim 568837 of Paget Minerals Corporation within a contiguous 22 claim block atMount Bisson but was dropped by the vendor prior to the Seymour Ventures transaction. Thisoccurrence now lies on claim 842836 (claim name CLONE 4) that is 456.87 hectares in area andbelongsto A.R. Schindelas determinedbya titlesearchat:https://www.mtonline.gov.bc.ca/mtov/searchTenures.doThe author cautions that the mineralization at the M12000 Road occurrence may not be necessarilyindicative of that found on the adjacent Mount Bisson claim-block.The Central Zone was discovered by T. Barresi during the 2010 field season and one grab samplerevealed 8.64 wt. % total rare-earth elements (Paget Minerals Corp, News-Release, August 25, 2010).However, the author cautions that this site has not been examined by a qualified person and will besubject of an investigation by the author, as requested by the issuer, in the 2011 field season. UnderSection 6.2 (2) of NI 43-101, the property is classified as an early stage exploration property.Seasonal weather conditions (snow cover) prevented the author from accessing the property andobtaining surface samples at the time of the request from the issuer.A summary of the key results obtained during the geological-lithogeochemical-mineralogicalinvestigations undertaken to date are given below and delineated a number of specific granitic rocktypes that host the rare-earth mineral occurrences: rare-earth element mineralization on the claim group is associated with two distinct graniticrock associations and hence no singular exploration model is applicable. granitic to syenitic, I-type intrusive rocks and related pegmatite that are interlayered withallanite-diopside-rich skarns ostensibly controlled by the contact between the 72.6 0.2 MaWolverine Range intrusive suite and highly deformed diorite gneiss and calc-silicate rocks ofthe Wolverine gneiss unit (Laura #1 and Pegmatite 541 rare-earth element occurrences) peraluminous, deformed, S-type pegmatitic granite hosted in calc-silicate and psammitic-metapelitic metasedimentary rocks of the Ingenika group (Ursa rare-earth element occurrence),and, Elevated Ba and Sr are associated with rare-earth element mineralization at the Lauraoccurrence. These elements, therefore, may be utilized in further bedrock chemistry samplingthat is focused upon the 72.60.2 Ma Wolverine Range intrusive suite,63 64. diopside alteration in metadiorite could be used as a guide to rare-earth element and yttriummineralization in the area proximal to the M-12000 Road occurrence.The electron microprobe work, which was undertaken at the Open University in 2008 and 2009,produced 1179 mineral compositions. This work verified the presence of allanite, the main rare-earthelement mineral, at four sample localities on the claim-group (926521, 926524, 926540-A and926542).Mineral identification work was also undertaken at Geo Labs on the Ontario Geological Survey.Relatively pure mineral concentrates were hand-picked by the author from several reference samplesusing a Wild Leitz binocular microscope with 6 to 31X magnification. Seven samples were placed inplastic vials and taken to the lab. The mineral identification work at this lab utilizes a combination ofX-Ray diffraction and a Zeiss EVO-50 SEM-EDS (scanning electron microscope-energy dispersivespectrometer). Results of the mineral identification data are given in Appendix 6. Allanite and diopsidewere confirmed in samples 926540 at the Laura #1 occurrence and amphibole of the anthophyllite-gedrite series at locality 08-FWB-10 (Figure 14).Highlights of the probe work include: allanite with LREE ( La2O3+Ce2O3+Pr2O3+Nd2O3) between 18.6 and 24.3 wt.% (mean =20.3) was verified at the Ursa, Laura #1 and Pegmatite 541 occurrences and also in the MountBisson intrusive suite, the inferred progenitor of rare-earth element mineralization at the Laura#1 and Pegmatite 541 localities (Figure 9).The Laura occurrence is genetically affiliated with relatively undeformed, I-type granitic rocks of theWolverine Range intrusive suite that are exposed proximal to the rare-earth element mineralized zonenear Mount Bisson. Localization of the mineralization (512 to 7429 ppm total REE) is evident in sheetsof allanite-bearing syenite and titanite-plagioclase-diopside skarn that are concordant to the flat-lyingplanar deformation fabric in diorite and quartz diorite in the host Wolverine gneisses.The Ursa occurrence, with a range of 54 to 667 ppm total REE, reveals field evidence for allanitemineralization associated with weakly peraluminous, S-type, granitic magmatism. Such rocks wereplausibly generated by partial melting of a metapelite protolith, a common rock type in the Ingenikagroup. The mineralization occurs in an allanite-titanite-biotite-bearing, zoned potassic pegmatite thathas undergone extensive ductile deformation and lies concordant to its amphibolite-calc-silicate-marblehost-rocks.The mineralization consists of black allanite and orange titanite that is mainly confined to a narrow,plagioclase-rich border zone (667 ppm total REE) attendant to a diopside-rich skarn selvedge in calc-silicate host-rocks. The biotite potassic pegmatite core zone contains anomalous but a lower total REEcontent (370 ppm).The M-12000 Road rare-earth element occurrence, found during this work, consists of vein systems ofundeformed, quartz-rich, titanite-diopside calc-alkaline pegmatite (2 to 3 m width over minimum 5 mstrike) hosted within lineated, titanite-hornblende diorite and quartz diorite. The M12000 Roadoccurrence, discovered in 2007 by the author, originally was situated on claim 568837 of PagetMinerals Corporation within a contiguous 22 claim block at Mount Bisson but was dropped by thevendor prior to the Seymour Ventures transaction. This occurrence now lies on claim 842836 (claimname CLONE 4) that is 456.87 hectares in area and belongs to A.R. Schindel as determined by a titlesearch at: https://www.mtonline.gov.bc.ca/mtov/searchTenures.do 64 65. The author cautions that the rare-earth mineralization at this occurrence may not necessarily beindicative of that found on the adjacent Mount Bisson claim-block.The allanite subgroup [(Ca,Ce,Y)2 (Al,Fe3+)3Si3O12(OH)] of the epidote group is the main rare-earthelement mineral of economic interest although subordinate concentrations of the rare-earth elementscan occur in coexisting titanite, fluorapatite and epidote. Electron microprobe analyses of allanite fromrare-earth element occurrences near Mount Bisson reveal an average La2O3+Ce2O3+Pr2O3+Nd2O3 of20.3 wt.% and low to modest contents of deleterious elements such as ThO2 and UO2.The Central Occurrence was discovered by T. Barresi during 2010 field work and one grab samplefrom a 15 cm wide, allanite-rich, melanocratic pod hosted in biotite-bearing quartzofeldspathic gneissproduced a REE value of 8.64 wt.%, the second highest documented in the claim-block to date in adatabase that includes the historical analyses (see Appendix 1).13. DRILLINGNo recorded diamond drilling has occurred on the property.14. SAMPLE METHOD AND APPROACHGrab samples were collected from various localities and those destined for analysis consisted of freshpieces of bedrock collected over representative areas of a given outcrop. Between 0.5 and 21 kg ofrock material was selected and the sample size was dependent upon grain size. For coarse-grained topegmatite units, larger amounts were collected and up to 21 kg. All samples selected for analysis werehomogeneous with respect to grain size at the collection site. The author is not aware of any samplingfactors that could impact the accuracy and reliability of the chemical data. However, the authorcautions that grab samples are by nature selective and therefore may not represent average grades.Each grab sample was placed in a plastic bag with a unique pre-numbered tag from a book of 50 thatare generally provided free by commercial laboratories. UTM coordinates were written on the retainedduplicate tag that remains in the book. The sample bag was sealed with a plastic zip tie at the fieldsample site. A smaller sample was kept in a separate bag labelled with the sample number forreference in work that entailed petrographic work with a binocular microscope. Location data for thevarious sample sites were provided using Universal Transverse Mercator coordinates for Zone 10 inNorth American Datum 1983 (NAD 83).Only a small part of the property was sampled in 2007 and 2008, however, focus was upon areas ofexposed rare-earth element mineralization. The density of sampling was at the reconnaissance level in2007 field work (Figure 3: 0.5 to 15 km spacing) but more detailed sampling was undertaken in 2008in vicinity of the main Laura #1 showing (Figure 9: 16 samples over a 150 by 400 m area) and the areaaround the Will #1 and #2 showings (Figure 14: 20 samples over a 750 m by 2 km area).15. SAMPLE PREPARATION, ANALYSES AND SECURITYThis report is submitted to the TSX-V exchange as part of an acquistion transaction. All geological,geochemical and geophysical work was undertaken by the vendor Paget Minerals Corporation. Under 65 66. Section 6.2 (2) of NI 43-101, the property is classified as an early stage exploration property. Theissuer intends to rectify the necessity for a site inspection by the author during the 2011 field season.Rock samples representative of all units at and proximal to the three rare-earth element mineralizedlocalities were collected in order to define the major, minor and trace element characteristics, and toestablish the economic potential for rare-earth elements and base and precious metals.Weathered surfaces were, in some cases, removed from samples subsequently sent for bulk analysis in2007 with water-cooled 10 and oil-cooled 24 diameter diamond saws. This work also produced slabsfrom the reference hand specimens required for thin section study and surfaces for hydrofluoric acidetching and sodium cobaltinitrite staining, with the latter as a valuable aid in rock classification,mineral identification and textural information.Samples collected from 2007, 2008 and 2010 field work were prepared for analysis by four certifiedlaboratories that are considered by the author to be industry leaders. A total of sixty-two bulk rock andseven sulphide-mineralized samples, collected from various localities depicted in Figures 3, 10 and 15,were submitted to Activation Laboratories Limited of Ancaster, Ontario, Acme AnalyticalLaboratories Limited and ALS Chemex Laboratory Group both in Vancouver, B.C. and theGeoscience Laboratories of the Ontario Geological Survey in Sudbury, Ontario (see Appendices 2 and4).Rock samples deemed representative of all lithologic units at and proximal to the four rare-earthelement mineralized localities were collected on order to define the trace element characteristics and toaid in definition of economic potential for the REE and precious metals. The samples were collected inplastic sample bags and sealed with plastic zip ties. The location data for the various sample sites wereobtained as Universal Transverse coordinates for Zone 10 in North American Datum 1983 (NAD 83)derived from a Garmin 76 GPS unit. Between 0.5 and 21 kgs of chips were taken over a rock unit anddependent upon grain size, i.e., smaller samples of fine-grained samples, such as biotite lamprophyre,were required vis--vis coarse-grained units such as granitic pegmatites.The author is unaware of any sampling factors that could impact the reliability and accuracy of thechemical data. All samples selected were homogeneous with respect to grain size at the collection site.The author cautions that grab samples are by nature selective and therefore may or may not representaverage values. To the authors knowledge, laboratory sample pulps, rejects and assay certificates arekept in secure locations at the various analytical laboratories for future possible re-analysis, securityand legal requirements.The four chemical laboratories utilized for analysis of the rock samples are considered by the author asindustry leaders and accordingly I have confidence in the high standards in regards to handling,preparation, analysis and security measures employed by these labs.Laboratory performance was evaluated by using duplicate chip samples of homogeneous, fine andmedium-grained rock types that were carefully split in the field and inserted as blind duplicate samplessubmitted to two of the laboratories.A split of homogeneous, medium-grained, titanite-diopside quartz diorite (926530 and 926531 inAppendix 4) was submitted to ALS Chemex labs to test reproducibility of analytical results. This labconducted analysis of the majority of samples from the 2008 field work.A comparison of the rare-earth element content is given in Table 9 in Section 16.1and most elementsagree within 10 %. Amongst the rare-earth elements, of chief concern in this work, the agreement forthe REE, LREE and HREE values.The LREEs show excellent agreement that are within 5% 66 67. except for Eu at 16%. The HREEs reveal less analytical agreement (0 to 24.4% range) with thegreatest disparity amongst Dy, Ho and Tm. Thus, the author has confidence in the analytical accuracyin regards to the rare-earth elements that is the main focus of this report.,15.1 Sample Preparation15.1.1 Acme Analytical Laboratories Ltd.Thirty seven samples sent to Acme Labs were crushed, split and pulverized to 200 mesh according totheir method code R150. Rock samples are dried and then prepared by particle size reduction toproduce a homogeneous sub-sample which is representative of the original sample. For most analyticalmethods, this sub-sample will undergo some form of dissolution and decomposition.15.1.2 ALS Chemex Laboratory GroupSeven samples submitted to ALS Chemex were prepared using their Prep-31 procedure (Method codesLOG-22, CRU-32, SPL-21 and PUL-31). Samples were logged into the tracking system and a barcode applied to each and then weighed, dried at 110 to 120 degrees Celsius and finely crushed so thatgreater than 70% of the sample passes a 2mm screen (Tyler 9 mesh, US standard No.10). A split up to250 grams was then taken and pulverized so that greater than 85% the material passes a 75 micronscreen (Tyler 200 mesh, US standard No. 200).15.1.3 Activation LaboratoriesNineteen samples submitted to this lab were dried at 60 degrees Celsium and subsequently crushed andscreened to a nominal minus 10 mesh (1.7 mm), then mechanically split (riffle) to 250 grams to obtaina representative sample that is pulverized so that at least 95% passes the minus 150 mesh (106microns). The resulting pulp then goes through a homogenization procedure using a stainless steel Vindustrial blender. The blending is achieved by the constantly dividing and inter-meshing particlemovement provided by the two connected cylinders. Inside the blender is a high speed agitator bar thatthoroughly mixes the sample.High silica sand is employed between crushed samples to reduce contamination. The quality ofcrushing and pulverization is routinely checked as part of the quality assurance program of this lab.15.1.4 Geoscience Laboratories - Ontario Geological SurveySix samples were submitted to this laboratory for major, minor and trace element analysis. Samplepreparation was undertaken by the SAM-SPA method code called Geo-Prep. The samples werecrushed in a Bico Chipmunk jaw crusher with steel plates and a sample split was obtained using ariffle. The 250 gm split fraction, in which at least 80% of the material passes a 200 mesh screen, wassubsequently pulverized in a 99.8% pure planetary ball mill.15.2 Analytical Methods15.2.1 Acme Analytical Laboratories LimitedThis lab analyzed 37 samples for major, minor and trace elements under method code 4A&4B thatemploys ICP-MS. This method measures the element concentrations by counting the atoms for each 67 68. element present in the solution. Generally, ICP-MS can determine concentrations that are 1 to 2 ordersof magnitude lower compared to ICP-ES (Inductively Coupled Plasma-Emisson Spectroscopy). Goldwas analyzed by method code 3A that ignites the samples followed by acid digestion and analysis byICP-MS.15.2.2 ALS Chemex Laboratory GroupSeven samples from the 2007 field program were submitted to ALS Chemex Laboratory Group inVancouver, B.C. This lab also crushed and pulverized samples analyzed in the ME-MS81 package thatcontains all the rare-earth elements (La to Lu), Ag, Au, Ba, Co, Cr, Cu, Ga, Hf, Mo, Nb, Ni, Pb, Rb,Sn, Sr, Ta, Th, Tl, U, V, W, Y, Zn, and Zr.The ME-MS61 package, which focuses upon accurate analysis of the rare-earth elements, was utilizedfor 7 samples. This package employs a four acid (hydrochloric, hydrofluoric, perchloric and nitricacids) digestion method. This is a strong acid solvent combination that is capable of decomposingnearly all common rock forming minerals with the notable exception of resistate phases like barite,chromite, monazite, titanite or xenotime. The analysis employs ICP-MS (Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry) that is capable of determining the concentrations of 70 or more elementssimultaneously by measuring the mass of ions generated by argon gas plasma heated to 8,000C andpassing through a magnetic quadrupole detector. This method is capable of achieving extremely lowdetection limits (ppb to ppt) with very wide linear ranges (up to 7 orders of magnitude).The samples were also assayed for gold with the Au-AA23 procedure, procedure that involves fireassay and Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES). Fire assay samplesare mixed with fluxing agents including lead oxide and fused at high temperature. As the reactantscool, molten lead exsolves and descends to the bottom of the vessel, collecting precious metals as ittravels and leaving a borosilicate slag at the top of the vessel.To isolate various precious metals from the leftover lead button, samples are subjected totemperatures of 960-1000C where the lead is volatilized and a bead of precious metals remains. Theremaining bead is subjected to strong acid digestion and then analyzed using ICP-AES (InductivelyCoupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry). AES is similar to ICP-MS in that argon plasma isused to ionize and excite the samples. In the case of ICP-AES the characteristic frequencies of lightemitted by excited ions are measured and compared against known calibration standards. Thisprocedure uses a minimum 1 gram split of the 30 gram pulp.15.2.3 Activation LaboratoriesNineteen samples were submitted to this lab for major, minor and trace element analysis according tothe analytical method codes below. These methods all involve a fusion process that uses lithiummetaborate and lithium tetraborate mixed with the sample in graphite crucibles and fused in inductionfurnaces at 1150 degrees C. The fused crucible is dropped into a mixture of 5% nitric acid. Theresultant molten mixture is dissolved and will result in total metals and is ideal for lithogeochemistryincluding major oxides and trace elements including REE and other high field strength elements.4-LITHO. This analytical package is a combination of method codes 4B and 4B2.4B. This method analyzes major elements SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, MgO. MnO, CaO, TiO2, Na2O, K2O,P2O5 and LOI and selected trace elements Ba, Sr, Y, Zr, Sc, Be and V. The samples are analyzed in abatch system that includes a method reagent blank, a CRM (certified reference materials), and 17%68 69. replicates. The samples are prepared by mixing a fluxing combination of lithium metaborate andlithium tetraborate with subsequent fusion in an induction furnace. The molten material is immediatelypoured into a solution of 5% nitric acid that contains an internal standard and mixed continuously forabout 30 minutes until the material is completely dissolved.Analysis of the solutions is undertaken on a combination Jarrell-Ash ENVIRO II ICP or a SpectroCirros ICP unit. Calibration is achieved by utilizing seven prepared USGS (United States GeologicalSurvey) and CANMET certified reference materials. For quality control, one of these standards is usedfor every 10 samples analyzed. Totals should lie between 98.5 and 101 %. Samples with low totals areautomatically refused and reanalyzed.4B2. This method analyzes a wide range of trace elements including the rare-earth elements.The sample solution is spiked with internal standards to cover the entire mass range and then furtherdiluted to include this range. A final dilution stage occurs prior to analysis by a Perkin Elmer SCIEXELAN 6000 ICP-MS unit that employs a proprietary sample introduction methodology.4F-CO2. Total carbon is determined by combustion and infrared analysis using an ELTRA C/S-800analyzer. A separate aliquot of sample is leached with 25% hot HCl with the residue dried andanalyzed for carbon. The difference is in the inorganic carbon which is converted into CO2.4F-F. A 0.5 gram sample is fused with sodium hydroxide in an oven 580 degrees C for 1 hour. Inorder to release fluoride ions from the sample matrix, the fused material is dissolved in sulphuric acidwith an ammonium citrate buffer. The fluoride-ion electrode is immersed in the solution to directlymeasure the fluoride ion activity.15.2.4 Geoscience Laboratories - Ontario Geological SurveySix samples were submitted to the OGS Lab were and solutions were prepared using the closed vessel,multi-acid digestion (hydrochloric, hydrofluoric, perchloric and nitric acids) that results in totaldissolution of silicate rock samples. This method (code IMC-100) is preferred for the rare-earthelements and various reference materials (CRMs).As the closed vessel digestion is considered to be efficient in bringing all elements into solution, thedata are considered more accurate, especially for elements that reside in resistate minerals such as rare-earth element-rich minerals (monazite and xenotime) and also garnet, chromite and zircon. The IMC-100 analytical method involves ICP-MS (Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry) that is thecurrently preferred method for analysis of minor and trace elements. Sample calibration is carried outusing a combination of synthetic, multi-acid solutions and certified. Ce, Cs, Dy, Er, Eu, Gd, Hf, Ho,La, Lu, Nd, Yb and Zr were analyzed by this method and data are presented in Appendix 4.Major elements were analyzed by method code XRF-MO1 via X-Ray Fluorescence. The samples arefirst run for loss on ignition (LOI) at 100 degrees C in a nitrogen atmosphere and then at 1000 degreesC until a constant sample weight is obtained. Subsequently the sample is fused with a borate flux thatproduces a glass bead for analysis.15.3 Sample SecuritySamples were sent to the Acme Laboratories and ALS Chemex Laboratory Group of Vancouverdirectly from the project area in sealed plastic bags with security tags inside. Other samples were sentsubsequent to field activity (Geoscience Laboratories of the Ontario Geological Survey and Activation 69 70. Laboratories). In all cases, shipment of the sealed plastic sample bags were undertaken in 21 litreplastic pails with snap-down lids to insure sample security.Representative hand specimens were taken of all samples sent to analytical laboratories forpetrographic work and electron microprobe work on specific samples. Most of these hand specimens,which are stored at the authors residence, were etched and stained with hydrofluoric acid and sodiumcobalinitrite to reveal mineralogy and textural data. Samples were brought back to Mackenzie andstored in the authors hotel room at the end of each day of field work. All samples intended foranalysis were sealed in plastic bags at the sample site by the author or field assistants. The samplesdestined for analytical work were placed in 20 litre plastic pails and sealed with snap-on lids.Transport companies shipped the sample lots to Sudbury and ALS Chemex Lab Group in 2007 and toAcme Analytical Laboratories via Greyhound bus lines from Mackenzie in 2008. The samples shippedto Sudbury in 20 litre plastic pails Sudbury were subsequently subjected to diamond saw preparationwork. In November of 2007 the prepared samples were shipped via Gardwine North Transport ofSudbury to Activation Labs in Ancaster, Ontario.16. DATA VERIFICATION16.1 Historical GeochemistryThe historical data of Chevron Minerals and A.A.D. Halleran have been incorporated in this report.These data have been referenced and considered by the author to represent the best standards andpractices of the industry at that time. A disparity however exists in some of the historical data, asdetailed below.The rare-earth element data in the bulk rock samples of Halleran (1991) and Leighton (1997) are listedin Appendix 1 with mean values and range of data summarized in Table 1. All samples of Halleran(1991) and Leighton (1997) consisted of grab samples to the authors knowledge.Leighton (1997, p.4) reported results from four grab samples collected from the Laura No. 1occurrence that were only analyzed for rare-earth elements and yttrium. The samples BIR-1 to BIR-4,respectively correspond to the earlier sample sites of Halleran (1991: UG-7840A, UG-7836, UG-7834and UG-7835). Only one set of comparative samples could be located in the literature (i.e., UG-7834versus BIR-4; see Appendix 1) and a notable disparity is evident in these data.Leighton (1997) resampled four earlier sites of Halleran (1991) at the Laura occurrence and althoughthere is general agreement amongst the LREE (La-Eu), a significant disparity exists for the heavy rare-earth elements and Y contents that the author cannot explain. Well known commercial labs wereutilized by Chevron Minerals (Bondar-Clegg and Acme Labs of Vancouver) and Acme AnalyticalLabs by Leighton (1997). The Leighton samples contain considerably higher total heavy rare-earthelements (Gd to Lu), i.e., 83 ppm versus 1.02 wt.% and yttrium at 71 ppm versus 1.53 wt.%.Chondrite-normalized rare-earth element profiles of the Leighton data are similar to those of Halleran(1991), however, the much higher heavy rare-earth element (HREE) content produces highlydiscordant profiles compared to those of Hallerans data (Figure 15).The reason for the differing yttrium and total rare-earth element contents may be due to diversemineralogy present at the sample site. Leightons sample BIR-4, for example, may have containedsignificant xenotime (YPO4) and/or fergusonite group minerals [(Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O4] asthese exhibit HREE enrichment in chondrite-normalized plots (e.g., Congdon and Nash 1991, p.126570 71. and Montero, Floor and Corretg 1998, p.690-692) similar in shape to the bulk rock chondrite rare-earth element patterns of Leightons data.Also it is unusual in published literature to see positive Ho and Tb anomalies, and to a lesser extentTm, as shown in Figure16. Hallerans data contains numerous positive Sm anomalies, a feature that isalso apparently uncommon in crustal rocks (Jones, Wall and Williams 1996). All of these observationssuggest shortcomings in the analytical or sampling procedures.Figure 16. Chondrite-normalized REE plot for Laura No. 1 and No. 2 occurrences on Mount Bisson that compares thehistorical data of Halleran (1991) with that of Leighton (1997).The author also cautions the reader in regards to rare-earth element data that was collected more than20 years ago. Improved analytical techniques for the rare-earth elements along with lower detectionlimits and better accuracy, precision and greatly reduced costs of analyses are evident today vis--visduring the time of the investigations of Halleran (1989) and Leighton (1997). During the 1980sseveral rare-earth elements with the lowest crustal abundances, such as Tm, Er, and Lu were notroutinely analyzed and this is evident in some gaps in the data of Halleran (1991) as indicated inAppendix 1. Thus, higher total REE values will be evident for such samples if analysis were performedby current analytical technology.A comparison of the historical REE and Y data from the Ursa and Laura occurrences are given inTables 6 and 7. For the Ursa occurrence Halleran (1991) reported a range of 300 ppm to 2.14 wt.%REE. Three samples from the present work revealed lower REE (54 to 667 ppm) contents thatoverlap the lower part of the range for the historical data, although the main Ursa pegmatitic granitemass is very poorly exposed and is not certain if the same outcrop of Halleran (1991) was sampled bythe author.71 72. A large 21 kg bulk sample selected over a one metre square area of the largest exposure of graniticpegmatite, revealed the lowest total rare-earth element content at the occurrence (07-FWB-05-03: 54ppm ; see Appendix 2).Comparative data for the Laura occurrence indicate an overlap of total REE and yttrium values in thiswork with the lower part of the range of values reported by Halleran (1991) as compiled in Appendix1. The mean value for total REE of 2000 ppm is significantly lower but is based upon relatively fewsamples.Table 6: Means and ranges for REE and Y in samples from the Ursa rare-earth element occurrence compared to thehistorical data. Concentrations given in ppm unless reported in weight percent. Reference Rock TypesSampleMean Range Mean Y Range NNumbersREEREE(ppm)Y (ppm) (ppm) Halleran (1991) Deformed pegmatite UG-1, -2,8000300 ppm9441 to3-3to 2.14 193 wt.% Breaks (2007 andInternal units of a07-FWB- 36354 to7 6 to 9 3 2008 field work)zoned allanite-05-03, 667 ppm titanite-diopside- 148660, biotite potassic 926535 pegmatite N = number of samplesTable 7: Means and ranges for REE and Y in samples from the Laura rare-earth element occurrence compared to thehistorical data. Concentrations given in ppm unless reported in weight percent. Sample Numbers Total REE YttriumN averageRangeaveragerange Halleran (1991) Appendix 1 1.72 111471 12 to21wt..% ppm to282 ppm 13.5 wt.% Leighton (1997) Appendix 1 1.621.36 to 1.531.3 to 5wt.% 1.94 wt.% 1.93 wt.% wt.% Breaks 2008 field 926519 to2000271 to 57 ppm 9 to1337 work926522, 926540,ppm7429ppm 926541, 926542ppm N = number of samples16.2 Verification of Geochemical Data by the AuthorThe author conducted external test of the data quality by employing blind duplicate samples of fine-medium grained, homogeneous rock types that were homogenized and randomly split into two lots inthe field. This procedure compared results within one laboratory (Acme Labs) and performance of one72 73. lab versus a second lab (ALS Chemex Laboratory Group versus Activation Labs). The results of thisdue diligence are discussed below. The writer did not utilize any certified reference materials of thetype utilized by chemical laboratories such as ALS Chemex Labs (SY-4 syenite standard: see tablebelow). These internationally recognized standards are often in short supply and costly.Grab samples also represent the sole means of sampling by the author as the work was reconnaissancein nature designed to evaluate chemical variation in all major rock units and in the three poorlyexposed mineralized zones encountered. Location data for sampling in the authors work utilized aGarmin GPS 12 unit coupled with digital photography at every outcrop examined. Between 0.5 and21kgs of chips were taken over a rock unit and dependent upon grain size, i.e., smaller samples of fine-grained samples were required vis--vis coarse-grained units.Table 8 provides a comparison for various trace element data produced by Activation LaboratoriesLtd. and ALS Chemex Laboratory Group on biotite lamprophyre (sample number 148654),respectively in Appendix 2). For the light rare-earth elements and yttrium, agreement between the twolaboratories was excellent with greatest difference involving Nd (13.3 %). The heavy rare-earthelements, however, revealed a greater disparity and between 9.1 and 27.7% as contents of theseelements are quite low in the sample and lie close to detection limits.Table 8. Duplicate analysis of various trace elements in split of biotite lamprophyre (148654) by Activation Laboratories Ltd.and ALS Chemex Laboratories.Trace ElementActivation Laboratories Ltd. Acme Laboratories% DifferenceLa98.695.7 3Ce189 1748Pr20.520.60.4Nd66.975.8 13.3Sm10.611.47.5Eu2.552.691.3Gd 8.310.6 27.7Tb1 1.1919Dy5 5.5511Ho 0.91.0921Er 2.53.03 21.2Tm0.36 0.411Yb 2.22.65 20.5Lu0.330.369.1REE 408.7405 0.9LREE388.15380.197.96HREE20.59 24.87 20.8Y26 25.90.1Ba228024005.3Sr12641315 4Ga 21 22.88.6Cs 1.30.96 26.1Rb 79 82.84.8Ta 1.5 1.7 13.3Nb 38 33.5 13.4Sn22 0V 128 156 2.8Zn 706114.8 73 74. Ni 40 18 122Pb 10825Cu 30 2520Co 1716.24.9Cr 40 400Mo 5 50A second series of samples, that involved a split of homogeneous, medium-grained, titanite-diopsidequartz diorite (926530 and 926531 in Appendix 4) were submitted to test reproducibility of AcmeLaboratories Labs who conducted analysis of the majority of samples from the 2008 field work. Acomparison of the rare-earth element content is given in Table 9 and many elements agree within 10%.Amongst the rare-earth elements, of chief concern in this work, agreement for the LREE is generallyexcellent and within 5.1 % except for Eu at 16%. The HREE reveal greater analytical variation withina range of 5.2 % to 24.4% with greatest disparity with Dy, Ho and Tm. REE (1.7%), LREE(1.4%) and HREE (10.8%) values from this laboratory all showed excellent agreement.Table 9. Duplicate analysis of various trace elements in split of titanite-diopside quartz diorite (926530 and 926531)submitted to Acme Laboratories. Trace Element926530 926531% Difference La 47 44.9 4.7 Ce 103.1 105.3 2.1 Pr 12.64 12.640 Nd48.750.9 4.5 Sm7.718.15.1 Eu1.782.0716.3 Gd5.616.01 5.2 Tb0.770.8510.4 Dy3.814.7424.4 Ho0.750.8717.1 Er2 2.168 Tm0.320.3612.5 Yb2.152.12 1.4 Lu0.310.310 REE237 2411.7 LREE220.9 223.9 1.4 HREE15.72 17.4210.8 Y 22.124.3 10 Sc 14 140 Ba449 400 12.3 Sr742 7321.4 Ga 17 170 Be5 425 Cs 0.40.333 Rb 27 2128.9 Ta 0.80.6 33.3 Nb14.917.316.1 Sn2 2 0 Zr307 307 0 Hf 8.28.53.7 74 75. Th1816.59.1 U 3.133.3 V 86816.2 Zn55 0 Ni3.8 2.5 52 Pb2.2 2.4 9.1 Cu1.8 1.338.5 Co22 0 Mo0.6 0.3 5016.3 QualityAssurance (QA) and Quality Control (QC)The laboratories utilized by the writer are considered to represent industry leaders and all labs employQA and QC by a stringent system of blanks, internationally recognized rock standards and analysis ofduplicate pulps of the submitted samples. All pertinent QC/QC data can be found in Appendices 2 and4 with some of these data placed in tables below. Analyte GaGe AsRb Nb Mo AgSn CsLa CePr UnitsppmppmppmPpm ppmPpmppmppm ppm ppmppmppm LDL1 15 212 0.51 0.5 0.10.10.005 14867221 2
