75
HVAC Ins. Eg. HVAC Insulation Thermal Insulation • Technical Requirements • Definitions • Condensation • Q/A
HVAC Ins. Eg.
HVAC Insulation
Thermal Insulation
• Technical Requirements
• Definitions
• Condensation
• Q/A
HVAC Ins. 01
HVAC Insulation
ThermalThermal
Insulation
HVAC Ins. 02
HVAC Insulation
Thermal Insulation, in principal,
is the resistance to reduce the heat transfer in a
considerable amount.considerable amount.
• cold lines prevents heat loss
• heating lines prevents heat gains
HVAC Ins.
→
In Buildings; in Winter time →→ Heat Losses
in Summer time →→ Heat Gains
The Resistance03
In HVAC; in Heating Lines → Heat Losses
in Cooling lines → Heat Gains
is “Thermal Insulation”
HVAC Ins.
Cold Lines
HVAC Lines
Warm Lines Heating Lines
Cold – Warm and Heating Lines04
Cold Lines
+6 °C
Warm Lines Heating Lines
+100 °C
HVAC Ins.
Where?
• Building
• HVAC
• Technical insulation
05
→ Circular Surfaces (Pipes)
→ Rectangular Surfaces (Air ducts)
→ Valves and Accessories
• Technical insulation
HVAC Ins.
Thermal Insulation Material06
� What is a Thermal Insulation Material?
According to ISO and EN Standards;
� If λ>0,065 W/mK Building Material
� If λ<0,065 W/mK Thermal Insulation Material
HVAC Ins.
�Glasswool (EN 13162)
�Stonewool (EN 13162)
�Extruded Polistren (XPS) (EN 13164)
Thermal Insulation Materials07
�Extruded Polistren (XPS) (EN 13164)
�Expanded Polistren (EPS) (EN 13163)
�Polyurathane (PUR) (EN 13165)
�Phenolic Foam (EN 13166)
�Cellular Glass (EN 13167)
HVAC Ins.
1) Thermal Conductivity Coefficient( λ )
2) Water Vapor Diffusion Resistance Coefficient( µ )
3) Fire Classification (DIN 4102, BS 476, EN 13501)
4) Corrosion Risk
5) Temperature Range(°C)
6) Cell Structure
Technical Requirements08
6) Cell Structure
7) Acoustic Performance
8) Density (kg/m3)
9) Weathering Resistance
10) Dimensional Stability
11) Easy Application
12) EconomicsNOT: Temperature range is not a selection criteria, it defines the usage area.
HVAC Ins.
It is the quantatiy of the energy which passes through a m3
of insulating material where there is 1C difference in tempurature between opposite surfaces.
091. Thermal Conductivity (λλλλ)
3
1m1m
1m
WARM
T1
COLD
T2
λ (W/mK) Heat Transferred
3
HVAC Ins. 10
λTM = λ at mean temperature
t + t
Thermal Conductivity (λλλλ)
tm =tmedium + tambient
2
HVAC Ins. 11Thermal Conductivity Coefficiency (
Mean
Temperature
C
Thermal Conductivty (W/mK)
10 12 16 18 20 24 30 32 36 48 60 64 72
0 0.038 0.036 0.034 0.033 0.032 0.031 0.030 0.030 0.029 0.029 0.030 0.030 0.030
λ)
10 0.040 0.038 0.036 0.035 0.034 0.032 0.032 0.031 0.030 0.030 0.031 0.031 0.031
25 0.044 0.041 0.039 0.038 0.036 0.035 0.034 0.033 0.032 0.031 0.032 0.032 0.032
50 0.055 0.048 0.044 0.043 0.041 0.039 0.037 0.037 0.036 0.035 0.036 0.036 0.036
75 0.064 0.059 0.051 0.048 0.046 0.043 0.041 0.040 0.039 0.037 0.038 0.038 0.038
100 0.074 0.065 0.057 0.053 0.051 0.047 0.045 0.044 0.043 0.041 0.042 0.043 0.043
HVAC Ins.
It is the ratio of the resistance
to the water vapour diffusion
of an insulation material to the
resistance of air
12
2.Water Vapour Diffusion ResistanceCoefficient (µµµµ)
resistance of air
HVAC Ins. 13
µ = 1 ( no resistance to diffusion )
µ = ∞∞∞∞ ( no diffusion )
Water Vapour Diffusion ResistanceCoefficient (µµµµ)
µ = 10.000 - 100.000
For e.g ; Aluminium ( µ = ∞ )
Diffusion tight materials
HVAC Ins. 14
3. Fire Classification
• DIN 4102
• BS 476• BS 476
• EN 13501
Thermal
A Incombustible materials
A1 That does not contain combustible materials
A2 That contains combustible materials
DIN 4102 Standard15
A2 That contains combustible materials
B Combustible materials
B1 Hardly combustible materials
B2 Normal combustible materials
B3 Easily combustible materials
HVAC Ins.
DIN 4102
ClassA(Incombustible)
ClassB
(Combustible)
16
DIN 4102 Standard
A1 A2 B1 B2 B3
→ PUR
→ EPS
→ Wood
→ Paper
→ Wood
→ Sand
→ Concrete
→ Brick
→ Glasswool
→ Stonewool
→ Glasswool
→ Stonewool
→ XPS
→ PE
HVAC Ins.
EN 13501 Standard - GlassWool17
A1
Thermal 18
EN 13501 Standard - FEF
B-s3-d0
Thermal
Steel Pipes ;
According to DIN 1988 Part 7 Section 5:3 Limit Values
4. Corrosion Risk19
Chlor (%0,05)
Copper Pipes ;
Nitrate ve Ammonia (%0,2)
HVAC Ins.
Thermal Insulation Material Max.Operating Temperature(°C)
Ceramic wool 1800
Stonewool 750
Cellular Glass 430
5.Temperature Range20
Glasswool 250
FEF * 170
Melamine Foam 150
Phenolic Foam 120
Polyurathane 110
Polyethylene 105
HVAC Ins. 21
µ=1 open cell
µµµµ =3.000
6. Cell Structure
µµµµ =3.000 closed cell
µµµµ =7.000closed cell
HVAC Ins.
8- Density
is the only specification that can be measured in the site.
9- Mechanical Resistance
The Other Requirements22
is the compressive strength at % 10 deflection.
10- Dimensional Stability
11- Easy Application
12- Economics
HVAC Ins.
Which Thermal Insulation Materials are used
Question-1
23
in
HVAC Applications ?
HVAC Ins.
�Glasswool (GW)
�Stonewool (SW)
�Flexible Elastomeric Rubber Foam (NBR)
Thermal Insulation Materials in HVAC Applications
24
�Flexible Elastomeric Rubber Foam (NBR)
�Extruded Polyethylene Foam (XPE)
�Polyurathane Foam (PUF)
�Phenolic Foam (PF)
�Cellular Glass (CG)
HVAC Ins. 25
Question-2
Which thickness should be used ?Which thickness should be used ?
HVAC Ins. 26.1
OdeCalc Program
For Pipes For Flat Surfaces
→ Heat loss→ Heat loss
Which thickness should be used ?
→ Temperature drop
→ Surface temperature
→ Freezing time
→ Minumum insulation
thickness preventing
condensation
→ Heat loss
→ Surface temperature
→ Minumum insulation
thickness preventing
condensation
HVAC Ins. 26.2
- Minumum insulation thickness preventing condensation for Pipes -
PARAMETERS
Ambient temperature ( Ta°C) 30
Medium temperature( Tm °C) 6
To Prevent Condensation
m
Tube diameter (mm) 114
Insulation material R-Flex-ST
Relative Humidity (%) 70
RESULTS
Thermal Conductivity (W/mK) 0.0375
Dew point temperature ( Td °C) 23.9
Minimum insulation thickness (mm) 11.4
K-Flex dimension 13 x 114
HVAC Ins.
Ambient Temperature ( Ta) : 35°C
Medium Temperature ( Tm) : 6 °C
Pipe Diameter (inch) : 2”
E.g.
26.3For Energy Saving
Relative Humidity (%) : 60
RESULT
Min.insulation thickness to prevent condensation: 7.8 !
Insulation Thickness 9 mm. 13 mm 25 mm 32 mm
Energy saving due to
thickness62% 69% 78% 80%
HVAC Ins. 27
Question-3
How is possible to prevent condensation ?How is possible to prevent condensation ?
HVAC Ins. 28
Definition of the Condensation
Tm = 6°C
Ts = 24.1°C
φ = % 65
Td = 22.8°C
Ta = 30°C
R-Flex ST
Surface temperature > Dew point temperature
No Condensation!
Thickness =9mm
Ts = 24.1°C > Td = 22.8°C
Tube
diameter =
25.4 mmMinimum insulation thickness = 7.6 mm
HVAC Ins. 29
Factors Affecting the Dew Point
• Ambient Temperature ( Ta = °C )
• Relative Humidity ( φ = % )
• Medium Temperature (Tm = °C )
HVAC Ins. 30What is Relative Humidity?
HVAC Ins. 31Parameters of Condensation
• Ambient Temperature ( Ta = °C )
• Relative Humidity ( φ = % )
• medium temperature ( Tm = °C )• medium temperature ( Tm = °C )
• Air flow
• The heat transfer coefficient ( α )
• Thermal Conductivity ( λ )
• Water vapour diffusion resistance coefficient ( µ )
HVAC Ins. 32
Parameters of Condensation.1
Factors Affecting the Dew Point
• Ambient temperature ( T = °C )• Ambient temperature ( Ta = °C )
• Relative Humidity ( φ = % )
HVAC Ins. 33
αααα = Heat Transfer Coefficient of
the Surface
Parameters of Condensation.2
It is being changed according to
the material structure
HVAC Ins.
1) If no thermal insulation is applied,
2) If an ınsufficient thermal ınsulation thickness is applied,
Condensation on the Surface !
34How does condensation happens
3) Sufficient thermal insulation thickness
3.1 Thermal insulation material with a low µ value
Condensation within the Insulation Material !
3.2 Thermal insulation material with a high µ value
No Condensation !
HVAC Ins. 351- If no thermal insulation is applied
Ts = 6.1°C
Tm = 6°C
φ = % 65
Td = 22.8°C
Ta = 30°C
Tube
Ts = 6.1°C < Td = 22.8°C
Condensation on the SURFACE !
Minimum insulation thickness = 7.6 mm
Tube
diameter =
25.4 mm
HVAC Ins. 36
18Isı Yalıtımı Yapılmazsa
2- If an ınsufficient thermal
ınsulation thickness is applied
Ts = 21.3°C
Tm = 6°C
φ = % 65
Td = 22.8°C
Ta = 30°C
R-Flex ST
Thickness =6 mm
Ts = 21.3°C < Td = 22.8°C
Condensation on the SURFACE !
Minimum insulation thickness = 7.6 mm
R-Flex ST
Tube
diameter =
25.4 mm
HVAC Ins. 37
2.1 If an ınsufficient thermal
ınsulation thickness is applied
HVAC Ins.
Isı Yalıtımı Yapılmazsa
38
Ts = 23.6°C
3.1- Sufficient thermal insulation
thickness
Tm = 6°C
φ = % 65
Td = 22.8°C
Ta = 30°C
Tube
Thickness =6 mm
Ts = 23.6°C > Td = 22.8°C
Thermal insulation material with a low µ value
Condensation within the Insulation Material !
Minimum insulation thickness = 7.6 mm
Tube
diameter =
25.4 mm
HVAC Ins.
Isı Yalıtımı Yapılmazsa
39
Ts = 23.6°C
3.2- Sufficient thermal insulation
thickness
Tm = 6°C
φ = % 65
Td = 22.8°C
Ta = 30°C
R-Flex ST
kalınlık=9 mm
Ts = 23.6°C > Td = 22.8°C
Thermal insulation material with a high µ valueNo Condensation ! (a diffusion tight application is a must !)
Minimum insulation thickness = 7.6 mm
R-Flex ST
Tube
diameter =
25.4 mm
HVAC Ins. 40.1Precautions against Condensation
To prevent condensation ; We should
1) choose the right thermal insulation material, 1) choose the right thermal insulation material,
2) calculate the right insulation thickness,
3) have a sufficient µ value,
4) apply a diffusion tight application.
HVAC Ins.
Precautions against Condensation
To prevent condensation ; We should
1) choose the right thermal insulation material,
40.2
1) choose the right thermal insulation material,
2) calculate the right insulation thickness,
3) have a sufficient µ value,
4) apply a diffusion tight application.
HVAC Ins.Precautions against Condensation
To prevent condensation ; We should
1) choose the right thermal insulation material,
40.3
1) choose the right thermal insulation material,
2) calculate the right insulation thickness,
3) have a sufficient µ value,
4) apply a diffusion tight application.
HVAC Ins.Precautions against Condensation
To prevent condensation ; We should
1) choose the right thermal insulation material,
40.4
1) choose the right thermal insulation material,
2) calculate the right insulation thickness,
3) have a sufficient µ value,
4) apply a diffusion tight application.
HVAC Ins.
•Glass Wool
•FEF
Warm Lines Heating LinesCold Lines
•Glass Wool
•Polyethylene
•Glass Wool
•Stonewool
Recommendation in HVAC Applications41
•FEF •Polyethylene
•FEF
•Stonewool
•FEF
•Cellular Glass
•Ceramic Wool
Cold Lines (Below 6C)
Heating Lines (Above 100C)
HVAC Ins.
GLASSWOOL42
HVAC Ins.
Produced with the transformation of silica sand into fiber
by melting in high temperature
43GLASSWOOL
•
Thermal insulation, acoustic insulation, fire safety purposes
HVAC Ins.
GLASSWOOL
Production Plant44
HVAC Ins.
� Board,
�Blanket,
The Range of Product45
� Prefabricated Pipe
HVAC Ins.
The Lamination Types of
Glasswool46
*YGT1-YGT2 *BGT1-BGT2
yellow glasswool faced black glasswool faced
HVAC Ins.
The Lamination Types of
Glasswool47
* FS *AGC
aluminium foil faced alu glass faced
HVAC Ins.
� EN 13162
Quality Certificates48
HVAC Ins.
� European Certificate
Quality Certificates49
HVAC Ins.
Thermal Conductivity Coefficient: 0,040 W/ mK
Water vapour Diffusion Resistance Coefficient(µ) :1,1
λλλλ (W/mK)
HOT
T1
COLD
T2
1m
Technical Requirements50
Fire Classification: TS EN 13501-1→ A1
Temperature range: -50°C ― +250°C
Density: 12-100 kg/m3
HVAC Ins.
HVAC Insulation with Glasswool51
HVAC Ins.
• one side is covered with alu foil
• Density : 24 kg/m3
52
HVAC Blanket
• Usage area :
• Insulation of ventilation ducts from outside
• Insulation of air conditioning ducts from outside
HVAC Ins.
• one side is covered with alu foil
• Density : 50 kg/m3
HVAC Board53
• Usage area :
• air ducts insulation
• boiler rooms and generator rooms
HVAC Ins.
Used as thermal insulator and
reflector behind sources of
heat such as radiators,
54
Radiator Panel
heat such as radiators,
stoves and ovens
HVAC Ins.
• none or alu foil covered
• Density : 60-100 kg/m3
Prefabricated Pipe55
• Usage area :
•Radiator and central heating systems
• Solar energy systems
Thermal
FEF- Elastomeric Rubber Foam56
ThermalFEF- Product Range
57
HVAC Ins.
Thermal Conductivity Coefficient: 0,036 W/ mK (0°C)
Water vapour Diffusion Resistance Coefficient: µ ≥ 7000
λλλλ (W/mK)
HOT
T1
COLD
T2
1m
Technical Requirements58
Fire Classification: EN 13501 ( B-s3-d0)
Temperature range: -200°C ― +116°C
Water Absorption: %0,4
HVAC Ins. 594.3 Diffusion Tight Applications
HVAC Ins. 604.4 Diffusion Tight Applications
HVAC Ins.
Valves and Accessories
61
Insulation
HVAC Ins.
68
No command
62
HVAC Ins.
69
No command
63
HVAC Ins.
Solution : Valve Jackets
64
HVAC Ins.
Applications
65
71
HVAC Ins.
Applications
66
72
HVAC Ins.
Applications
67
HVAC Ins.
Applications
68
HVAC Ins.
Thanks For
Your Attention!Your Attention!
Q & A
