Technical specification 005 Public lighting equipment C4 ...

1/19 C4/11-2 – June 2016

Technical specification 005 Public lighting equipment

C4/11-2: Prescriptions for luminaires

Photometric requirements

Version of June 2016

Free translation for reference purposes only

2/19 C4/11-2 – 09/2015

Table of Contents

1 GENERALITIES ......................................................................................................................... 3

1.1 Scope............................................................................................................................... 3

1.2 Vocabulary ...................................................................................................................... 3

1.3 Reference standards ........................................................................................................ 5

2 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 5

2.1 Luminaire(s) proposed for the installation of public lighting ............................................. 5

2.2 Requirements for a photometrical study.......................................................................... 5

3 Method of determination for parameters to be considered .................................................... 6

3.1 Power Density Indicator (DP) ............................................................................................ 6

3.1.1 Calculation of the Power Density Indicator ............................................................... 6

3.1.2 Area A to consider.................................................................................................... 7

3.1.3 Average horizontal maintained illuminance.............................................................. 7

3.1.4 System power to consider ........................................................................................ 8

3.2 Annual Energy Consumption Indicator (DE) ...................................................................... 8

3.2.1 Calculation of the annual Energy Consumption Indicator ......................................... 8

3.2.2 Area to consider ....................................................................................................... 8

3.2.3 System power Pj to consider .................................................................................... 9

3.2.4 Duration of the operation period tj .......................................................................... 9

4 Determination of the energetic performance .......................................................................... 9

4.1 Interpretation of Dp and DE .............................................................................................. 9

4.2 Comparison of various lighting installations in the same area .........................................10

4.3 Reference values ............................................................................................................10

4.3.1 Reference values for M-class roads .........................................................................11

4.3.2 Reference values for C-class roads ..........................................................................12

4.4 Examples for the determination of the energetic performance (single track road) ..........13

4.5 Verbetering van de waarden DP en DE .............................................................................14

5 Remarks .................................................................................................................................15

ANNEX A - Example: a road with two lighting classes......................................................................16


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1 GENERALITIES

1.1 Scope

This technical specification describes the energy performance which must be met by a public

lighting installation. More specifically, it sets the foundation to assess the relevance and the energy

efficiency for the use of a public lighting installation along a road or in a given area.

This technical specification applies solely to illuminated areas characterized by a sole lighting class

M or C (according to the standard EN 13201). Illuminated areas characterized by multiple lighting

classes are dealt with on an informative level in Annex A.

This technical specification does not apply to public lighting installations based on:

• Ground recessed luminaires;

• Bollard lights or sets of pole/luminaire of a height lower than 3 m;

• Projectors

The method proposed in this document includes the possible use of dimming technology. The

method proposed in this document can on the one hand be used to compare the level of energy

performance of an installation to the reference values expected for an efficient system and on the

other hand to compare the efficiency of several proposed installations for the illumination of the

same area.

It assumes a photometric study in accordance to the requirements of the standard NBN L18-004

has been realized and on which the energy performance of the lighting installation is based.

1.2 Vocabulary

Public lighting installation Group consisting of fixtures, sources, electrical appliances and

lighting supports to light a specific public space. The modalities

of implementation (height, spacing, tilt ...) are characteristics

specific to public lighting.

Dimming Temporary lowering of the luminaire flux of à lighting source / of

a public LED-lighting equipment in order to save energy and/or

to limit lighting hindrance.

Power Density Indicator PDI

(of a lighting installation in a

Value of the installed power divided by the product of the

illuminated surface and the average continuous illuminance on


4/19 C4/11-2 – 09/2015

certain operation condition)

DP

this surface resulting from the photometric study in accordance

to the EN 13201-3.

(unit: W . lx-1 . m-2)

Annual Energy Consumption

Indicator AECI (of a lighting

installation for a given year)

DE

Total electrical energy consumed by a lighting installation (night

as well as daytime) during a specific year compared to the total

surface illuminated by the installation.

(unit: Wh . m-2)

System Power

P

Total power of a public lighting installation necessary to meet

the requirements of the lighting class as determined by

NBN L18-004 on all sub-surfaces as well as its correct operation

and control.

(unit: W)

Constant Light Output

CLO

Adjustment of a public lighting installation with the purpose of

providing a constant light output from the light sources.

NOTE 1 The purpose of this functionality is to compensate

output losses caused by the ageing of the light sources.

Virtual Power Output

VPO

Constant reduction of the electric output of a light source to a

user configurable value to prevent system over-lighting

Edge Illuminance Ratio

EIR

Average horizontal illuminance on an adjoining strip on the

outside along the edge of the road divided by the average

horizontal illuminance on an adjoining strip on the inside along

the edge of the road. The two strips have the width of a driving

lane on the road.


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1.3 Reference standards

The most recent version of the following standards is applicable, completed by its addenda, if

appropriate.

NBN EN 13201-2 Road lighting – Part 2: Performance requirements

NBN EN 13201-3 Road lighting – Part 3: Calculation of performance

NBN EN 13201-5 Road lighting – Part 5: Energy performance indicators

NBN L 18-004 Road lighting – Selection of lighting classes

2 Introduction

2.1 Luminaire(s) proposed for the installation of public lighting

The public lighting luminaire(s) making up the installation must preferably meet the electrical and

technical requirements set out in the following prescriptions of Synergrid:

C4/11-1 Technical specification 005 – public lighting equipment. Specifications relating to luminaires: requirements for construction and maintenance

C4/11-3 Specifications relating to luminaires equipped with LED technology

2.2 Requirements for a photometrical study

The photometric study of a public lighting installation must meet the following requirements:

• the required levels must be in accordance with the levels as described in the standards

NBN L18-004 and NBN EN 13201-21, including the adjoining areas. Furthermore, the average

continuous illuminance values and the average continuous luminance will not exceed the

prescribed values by more than 25%;

• The calculation methods meet the standard NBN EN 13201-3;

• The photometric matrices used are determined in conformity with the standards of the

EN 13032 series for the luminaires with gas-discharge lamps and with the standard

IEC DIS 025/E:2014 for LED luminaires. The photometric matrices will preferably be measured

by a ISO 17025 accredited laboratory;

• In case of public lighting luminaires equipped with gas-discharge lamps, the maintenance factor

to be used is described in the standard NBN L18-004;

• In the absence of standard documentation, the maintenance factor of the LED luminaires must

be established by taking into account:

o the lifetime of the LED luminaire

o the maintenance modalities (cleaning frequency, …)

1 For some areas, the level required is determined in the standard NBN EN 12464-2 – lighting requirements for outdoor workplaces.


6/19 C4/11-2 – 09/2015

o the depreciation of the light output of the LED during its expected lifetime

o the depreciation of the optical performance of the LED luminaire (soiling, ageing of the

lenses, bowls …) in the course of its expected lifetime, taking into account the

maintenance modalities

• the coating taken into consideration is the one recommended in the standard NBN L18-004, i.e.

R3008;

• In case of gas-discharge lamps, the light output to be considered is the one determined in the

specification C4/9 – Prescriptions relating to lamps, if missing the light output provided by the

lamp manufacturer;

• The power taken into consideration for each luminaire is the following:

o for a luminaire equipped with a gas-discharge lamp: the flat rate power mentioned in

the document C4/9-A – Flat rate power consumption of lamps for public lighting

o for a LED luminaire: the flat rate power determined during the homologation conform

to the prescription C4/11-3. If the luminaire has not been homologated, the power to

be taken into consideration is the power measured in conformity with specification

C4/15 – Rules for electrical power uptake of LED-systems of public lighting connected

to the electrical distribution grid without metering.

3 Method of determination for parameters to be considered

The energy evaluation of a public lighting installation in a certain area must take into account the

Power density indicator (Dp) and the annual energy consumption indicator (DE)?

The power density indicator characterizes the performance of the equipment installed compared

to the area to be illuminated independent of all lighting management (in particular without

dimming, extinction …). The annual energy consumption integrates the lighting management over a

one year period.

3.1 Power Density Indicator (DP)

3.1.1 Calculation of the Power Density Indicator

The power density indicator of an area – eventually divided in sub-areas – will be calculated as

follows:

1

.P n

i i

i

PD

E A

Whereas:

• DP is the power density indicator expressed in Wlx-1m

-2


7/19 C4/11-2 – 09/2015

• P is the system power of the lighting installation used to illuminate the actual area,

expressed in W

• iE is the average horizontal maintained illumination of the sub-area « i », expressed in

lx

• Ai is the size of the illuminated sub-area « i », expressed in m²

• n is the number of the illuminated sub-areas

The Power density indicator is calculated for an installation operating at a nominal power without

taking into account a possible dimming.

3.1.2 Area A to consider

The area to take into account for the calculation of the power density indicator is the totality of the

useful area illuminated by the public lighting installation. The area is divided in sub-areas in case of

different classification (sidewalk vs driving lane vs bicycle path) or a non-contiguous area. The sub-

areas are limited to a representative length as defined hereunder.

The adjacent sub-areas to consider for the calculation of the EIR will not be taken into account.

The representative length to be taken into account is:

• In case only one lighting system is foreseen:

o For unilateral, axial and opposed bilateral installations: the distance between

consecutive luminaires;

o For bilateral staggered installations: the distance between two consecutive

luminaires (on the same side) divided by 2;

• When different lighting systems are combined to illuminate one area, the length to be

taken into account must be the same for all the sub-areas.

3.1.3 Average horizontal maintained illuminance

For each sub-area (including class M), the value to take into account is the average horizontal

maintained illuminance obtained in the photometric study (and not the value prescribed by the

standard NBN L18-004).

For the C- and P-class areas (for which the requirements are expressed in illuminance), the average

horizontal continuous lighting is calculated in conformity with the standard EN 13201-3.

For M-class areas (for which the requirements are expressed in luminance) the document

EN 13201-5 foresees that the average horizontal maintained illuminance is calculated by using the


8/19 C4/11-2 – 09/2015

luminance calculation table. However, the use of the illuminance calculation table as determined in

the standard EN 13201-3 is also authorized.

3.1.4 System power to consider

The system power for the relevant sub-area includes:

The power of the illuminating luminaire(s) as defined in §2.2;

The additional equivalent power per luminaire for eventual other electrical components

(sensor, control unit of the luminaire, central control unit …) used to control the lighting

installation. The latter must be multiplied by the number of luminaires taken into

consideration for lighting the relevant sub-area.

3.2 Annual Energy Consumption Indicator (DE)

3.2.1 Calculation of the annual Energy Consumption Indicator

The Annual Energy Consumption Indicator of an installation illuminating an area submitted to a

same management program must be calculated as follows:

1

m

j j

j

E

P t

DA

where

DE is the annual energy consumption indicator for a lighting installation, expressed in Wh.m-2

;

Pj is the power system associated to the operation period j, expressed in W;

tj is the duration of the operation period j corresponding to the power Pj for a year, expressed

in h;

A is the size of the illuminated area per lighting installation and submitted to the same

management program, expressed in m2;

m is the number of periods Pj different system powers. Possible standby consumption during

the extinction period of the lighting must be taken into account.

3.2.2 Area to consider

The area to consider for the annual Energy Consumption Indicator corresponds to the area

illuminated by the lighting installation and submitted to a same management program, i.e.

same dimming program in terms of power


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same CLO and/or VPO functionality

same standby power

If there is more than one program management for one installation, DE must be calculated for each

area corresponding to a different program. The total DE to consider is equal to the sum of de DE of

each area.

3.2.3 System power Pj to consider

The relevant system power integrates the power of the illuminating luminaire(s):

for a luminaire equipped with a gas-discharge lamp, the flat rate power mentioned in

document C4/9-A “Flat rate power of public lighting lamps” including the dimming program

realized during the operation period j. For a LED luminaire, the power of the equipment

measured in accordance to the prescription C4/15 ‘Rules for measuring the power uptake

of LED systems for public lighting connected to the distribution grid’ including the dimming.

In case of Constant Light Output (CLO), the power Pj to be taken into consideration is the

average estimated power during the operation period of the CLO.

the equivalent supplementary power per luminaire for possible other electrical

components (sensors, control unit of the luminaire, central control unit …) used for the

control of the lighting installation.

3.2.4 Duration of the operation period tj

For information purposes, if the public lighting installation is permanently powered (also when the

lighting is off), the sum of the tj is equal to 8760h.

For a classic public lighting installation which is off power during daytime, the sum of the tj is

approximately 4200h.

4 Determination of the energetic performance

4.1 Interpretation of Dp and DE

The Dp coefficient gives for a given lighting installation the power required to obtain a result in

conformity with the standards per surface unit. In fact, it gives an idea of the initial energetic

performance of the installation, independently of any possible management program. It reflects

the performance of the selected equipments (lamps, luminaires …) and adequacy of their

implantation on the relevant area to be illuminated. The lower the value of DP, the higher the initial

energetic performance of the installation.


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For a lighting installation, the DE coefficient corresponds to the annual consumption per illuminated

m2. It gives an idea of the energetic performance of the installation in operation, including the

implementation of possible management programs for the lighting. The lower the value of DE, the

higher the energetic performance of the installation in operation.

In order to characterize correctly an installation from energetic viewpoint, these two parameters

must be taken in consideration simultaneously.

4.2 Comparison of various lighting installations in the same area

Since the calculation of DP and DE implies that the proposed solutions meet the current standards,

this issue, in case of a comparison, does not need to be dealt with.

It is therefore obvious that the installation with the lowest DP as well as DE will be considered as

being the most efficient from an energetic viewpoint.

When confronted to a situation where, amongst the proposed solutions, not the same solution has

the lowest DP and DE, a reflection is necessary. Concretely, this means that different management

programs where used for the different proposed solutions. From a pure energetic viewpoint, the

installation having the lowest DE should be chosen, because it represents the lowest energetic cost.

However, this reasoning is valid only in case the proposed management program will be

maintained during the whole lifetime of the installation. In case of doubt or of probable evolution,

it is better to focus on a solution with a higher DE and a lower DP.

4.3 Reference values

It is as well possible to make an absolute evaluation of the energetic efficiency of an installation, by

comparing it to reference values.

The reference values presented hereunder are the maximum values authorized for a new lighting

installation. These figures are provisional and subject to modification in function of the

technological evolution.

The values mentioned are for DP only. In the case of DE it is impossible to establish similar values

due to the high number of possible management programs depending of the areas to be

illuminated. This must effectively be done depending on the function of the area (f.eg. commercial

as opposed to residential).

In case a road width is not included in the table below, the DP values must be interpolated and

extrapolated in a linear manner.


11/19 C4/11-2 – 09/2015

4.3.1 Reference values for M-class roads

Depending on the width of the road, the value of DP cannot exceed the values included in the table

and figure below:

Road width (m) Lighting class

M2 M3 M4 M5

4 0,035 0,050 0,05 0,05

5 0,035 0,045 0,045 0,045

6 0,035 0,040 0,040 0,040

7 0,03 0,035 0,035 0,035

8 0,025 0,030

9 0,020 0,030

10 0,020 0,030

11 0,020 0,030

Table 1: Maximum value DP (expressed in W lx-1 m-2) for M-class roads

Figure 1: Maximum DP value for M-class roads


12/19 C4/11-2 – 09/2015

4.3.2 Reference values for C-class roads

Depending on the width of the road, the DP value cannot exceed the values included in the table

and the figure below.

Road width (m)

Lighting class

C2 C3 C4

4 0,060 0,065 0,070

5 0,050 0,055 0,060

6 0,040 0,045 0,050

7 0,030 0,035 0,040

8 0,030 0,035 0,040

9 0,030 0,035 0,040

10 0,030 0,035 0,040

Table 2: Maximum DP values ((expressed in W lx-1 m-2) for C-class roads

Figure 2: Maximum DP values for C-class roads

0,00

0,01

0,02

0,03

0,04

0,05

0,06

0,07

0,08

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Po

wer

den

sity

ind

icat

or

[W lx

-1m

-2]

Road width [m]

C2

C3

C4


13/19 C4/11-2 – 09/2015

4.4 Examples for the determination of the energetic performance (single track road)

The illuminated areas characterized by one lighting class M or C must be evaluated as shown in the

figure below:

Description of the road and of the lighting installation:

Width of the road: 7 m (2 lanes of 3,5 m width each)

Distance between the light poles: 36 m

Area Aroad : 252 m2

Height of the luminaires : 8 m

Power of the luminaire P1 : 115 W (lamp 110 W NaHP on electronic ballast)

Luminous flux of the lamp: 10000 lm (lamp 100 W NaHP)

Maintenance factor: 0,92 (Lamp NaHP, IP66, glass cover)

Annual operation time t: 4282 h

Road classification : M3 (1,00 cd/m2)

Average maintained luminance obtained on Aroad: 1,04 cd/m2 (including maintenance factor)

Average maintained illuminance Eroad obtained on Aroad: 14,4 lx (including maintenance factor)

Based on the equation of §3.1.1, the Power Density Indicator (Dp) is calculated as follows:

The installation meets the requirements of C4/11-2 (version 2015), because:

The average maintained illuminance calculated on the road does not exceed the prescribed

values with more than 25 % (class M3 = 1,00 cd/m2)

The Power Density Factor in inferior to the value included in Table 1 for a road width of 7 m

and class M3 (<0,035).


14/19 C4/11-2 – 09/2015

Based on the equation of §3.2.1 the Annual Energy Consumption Indicator (DE):

4.5 Verbetering van de waarden DP en DE

Both DP and DE depend on the necessary power to obtain the expected levels, or in other words on

the luminous efficiency of the installation.

The latter can be calculated as follows:

PLORlsUMLinst ffC (5)

Where:

inst is the luminous efficiency of the installation, expressed in lm.W-1

;

CL is the correction factor for the luminance or the hemispheric illuminance based on the

photometric study;

fM is the maintenance factor (MF) of the lighting installation;

fU is the utilization factor (UF) of the lighting installation;

ls is the luminous efficiency of the light source used expressed in lm.W-1

;

LOR is the optical efficiency of the luminaire used;

P is the electrical efficiency of the luminaire used.

Therefore, to increase the luminous efficiency (inst), one can:

Increase inst , LOR and P by choosing the most efficient technologies

Increase fU, which is the ratio between the working luminous flux reaching the area to be

illuminated and the flux of the luminaire, by choosing an implantation or a photometry for

the luminaire which maximises the working luminous flux for the same flux of the luminaire

(for example by adjusting the height of the luminaire in function of the width of the road to

illuminate or by choosing for another technology for the luminaire)


15/19 C4/11-2 – 09/2015

Moreover, DE depends on the management programs applied. Reduce the number of operational

hours and/or the luminous level to what is really necessary on the relevant moment allows

reducing the value of DE.

5 Remarks

Even if the energetic performance of a public lighting installation is important, it is not the only

factor to be taken into consideration to determine the ‘best’ solution for an area to be illuminated.

Other elements may / must be integrated in the reflection exercise, and in particular:

The ‘aesthetic’ quality of the installation, during daytime as well as at night (color of the

light, limitation of the glare, illuminated volume, limitation of luminous nuisance …)

The investment cost of the lighting installation

The exploitation cost (total cost of ownership) integrating the lifetime of the proposed

installation

The ‘Life Cycle Analysis’ or balance of the ‘grey energy’, out of environmental

considerations

The technical quality of the proposed installation,

Etc.


16/19 C4/11-2 – 09/2015

ANNEX A - Example: a road with two lighting classes

(For information purposes)

The example below is given for information purposes and is not part of the scope of document

C4/11-2.

Description of the road and the lighting installation:

Width of the roadway : 7 m (2 lanes of 3,5 m width each)

With of the sidewalk : 2 m

Distance between the light poles: 25 m

Area Aroad: 175 m2

Area Asidewalk1: 50 m2

Area Asidewalk2: 50 m2

Height of the luminaires : 8 m

Power of luminaire P1 : 103 W (Lamp of 90 W MHHP with electronic ballast)

Luminous flux of the lamp : 10500 lm (Lamp 90 W MHHP)

Maintenance factor : 0,87 (Lamp MHHP, IP66, glass cover)

Annual operation time t: 4282 h

Classification of the road : M3 (1,00 cd/m2)

Average maintained luminance obtained on Aroadway: 1,01 cd/m2 (including maintenance

factor)

Average maintained illuminance Eroadway obtained on Aroadway: 17,4 lx (including maintenance

factor)

Classification of sidewalks: C4 (10,0 lx)

Aroadway

P1

Asidewalk2 Asidewalk1


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Average continuous l lighting Esidewalk1 obtained on Asidewalk1 : 12,2 lx (including maintenance

factor)

Average continuous l lighting Esidewalk2 obtained on Asidewalk2 : 12,2 lx (including maintenance

factor)

In the case of a road combining several lighting classes, three methods can be used to determine

the Power Density Indicator (DP).

1. Absolute method

The absolute method consists in verifying, for each sub-area (i.e. each lighting class), the

conformity to the requirements included in Table 1 and/or Table 2. For this purpose, one needs to

determine the part of the luminous flux emitted by the luminaire illuminating each subarea with

the help of the utilization curve of the luminaire.

S1 S2 Roadway

2m 7m 2m


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In the example:

H (height of the luminaire) = 8 m

Utilization factor road = 47 %

Utilization factor sidewalk 1 = 9 %

Utilization factor sidewalk 2 = 5 %

Bringing those percentages to the total power lighting the road, this means that:

77 % of the power is used to illuminate the road

23 % (14,8 % + 8,2 %) of the power is used to illuminate the sidewalks

Based on the equation of §3.1.1, the Power Density Indicator (DP) for the roadway and the two

sidewalks is calculated as follows:

The Power Density Indicator for the road (DProadway) is inferior to the value included in Table 1 for a

road width of 7 m and M3 class (<0,035).

The Power Density Indicator for the sidewalks (DPsidewalk) is inferior to the value included in Table 2

for a sidewalk width of 4 m and the C4 class (<0,070).

2. Simplified absolute method (equivalent class)

Based on Table 3, an equivalent class is chosen for one of the subareas to determine a unique class

for all illuminated areas, this unique class being superior or equal to the different initial classes.

In the above example, the C4-class of the sidewalks corresponds to a M4 class. The M4-class being

inferior to the M3 class of the road, the equivalent class chosen for the whole area is therefore M3.

M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6

C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6

Table 3: Lighting classes of comparable levels of luminosity


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Based on the equation of §3.1.1, the Power Density Indicator (DP) for the two areas (road and

sidewalks) is calculated as follows:

The Power Density Indicator for the total area is inferior to the value included in Table 1 for a road

width of 11 m and of class M3 (<0,030).

3. Simplified comparative method

This method permits to compare two lighting installations for the same area. The simplified

comparative method consists in calculating Power Density Indicator (DP) following the equation of

§3.1.1 for each subarea and each lighting installation. The different values for the Power Density

Indicator for each subarea are compared one to another and the installation having the lowest

value for the Power Density Indicator (Dp) is then the most efficient from an energetic viewpoint.

The same rational can be applied for the Annual Energy Consumption Indicator (DE).

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