Technologies for Demand Response: Enabling Efficiency and “Prices to Devices”

Dr. Arshad MansoorVice President, Power Delivery & Utilization

2010 National Town Meeting on Demand Response & Smart GridJune 23-24, 2010, Washington, DC

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Technology in the Context of Demand Response Perspectives

• Historical Perspective– Direct load control, vertically integrated utilities,

integrated with Integrated Resource Plans (IRPs), incentive based

• Recent Trends– Resource bidding on capacity markets (negative load),

• Future Outlook– Price responsive load (Prices to Devices)– Technologies that enable both Efficiency & Demand

Response

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Prices to Devices

Day-ahead Hourly Prices

=

Smart End-Use Devices

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How We Have Done it BeforeThe Customer Experience

Have WE got a deal for you! • We send a bonded electrician

• He drills; installs equipment

• And YOU save $2 to $5 per month

As a result, in general:• 60% Say No when installation described

• 10% Change mind, say No when electrician arrives

• 10% are found to be ineligible due to code violations

• 5% of spouses not on enrollment call cancel service within 1 month

• ~$500 per end-point cost including install cost

• Bottom line: only 6% of target audience get an install

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The Better WayDR Ready - Off the Shelf

Energy SMARTAppliances On Sale Now!

• Customer Installable

• Economical for even 100W loads

• Possible Market Transformation through DOE/EPA Labeling

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Why Don’t We Have These Products?

• Unsure of the best communication technology (radio, plc, etc). Communications evolving much faster than appliances

• Lack of maturity and consensus on the language or protocol to be spoken

– Will be addressed by NIST smart grid standards effort

• Diversity in the logic or function of DR programs. Not enough customer experience to know what is best

• Smart devices without smart pricing do not work. Dynamic rates must come first:

Need Transition Technologies to Fully Enable Prices to Devices

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EPRI DR Ready Project: Defining A Standard Interface

•One Appliance Works with any Communication Device

•One Communication Device Works with all Appliances

•Appliance manufacturers innovate to provide consumer choice to program DR

Decouple the Appliance from the Communications

and DR Logic

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Power Electronics: Enabling Efficiency and Demand Response

Use Electronics to Make Equipment Smart and More Efficient

Variable Speed Compressor/Air Handling Unit

+

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

Single Speed(Existing)

Variable Speed(Indoor Fan

Only)

Variable Speed(Compressor &

Indoor Fan)

Efficiency(SEER)

Magnetic Ballast for High Intensity Discharge (HID)

Lamps

Today’s Technology Tomorrow’s Technology

Electronic ballast makes HID lighting more efficient and

dimmable

Electronic Ballast for High Intensity Discharge (HID)

Lamps

Electronic motor speed control makes HVAC equipment more efficient and

controllable

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EPRI’s Living Laboratory

Evaluate and test energy efficient and DR technologies

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Lab Test Results: VRF 20 – 40% more Efficient than Conventional Split System AC

9.0

8.0

9.1

11.711.3 11.1

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

A B C

Four-Hour Period Designation

Ave

rag

e E

ner

gy

Eff

icie

ncy

Rat

io (

btu

/Wh

)

Split Sys. Performance Daikin VRV Performance

30%Increase

41%Increase

22%Increase

Variable Refrigerant Flow AC Testing Results

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From Laboratory to Field Testing

Comprehensive Instrumentation for Measurement & Validation

EPRI’s Planned Scale of National Deployment480 Installations of Six Different Future EE and DR Technologies

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In Conclusion….Key Technologies for the Next Generation of Demand Response

• Price Responsive Loads

– Need smart pricing

– Need smart devices

– Standards a key enabler

– Modularity – standardized connector decoupled from communication or DR logic protocols

• Power Electronics Control

– Significant opportunity for HVAC and Lighting

– Enables energy efficiency, peak demand reduction, as well as ability to modulate output in response to DR signal