Technology Development and Transfer Network (TDTNet) Technology Needs Assessment in Support of...

Technology Development and Transfer Network (TDTNet)

Technology Needs Assessment in Support of Climate Change Action

ACPCAfrican Climate Policy Centre (ACPC)

Climate Change

Meets Policy

Economic Commission for Africa


Outline

• Broad climate context • Technological challenge of climate change• Technology as part of climate policy making• Key principles and objectives of a technology

needs assessment• Key steps to conduct a technology needs

assessment


Broad Programme Context

The ACPC has three broad areas of activity:

1. Knowledge generation, sharing and networking

2. Advocacy and consensus building

3. Advisory services and capacity mobilisation


Broad Programme Context

Guided by “Development First” principle– Providing insights on development and climate

change nexus, action oriented research, policy and practice

• Programme Targets– Transformative development of Africa

– Climate resilient socio-economy and ecosystems

– Low carbon pathways


(Smith et al. 2009 PNAS)

Updated Reasons for Concern

EU 2°C-Guardrail


...costs attributed to CC will rise over time

Source: Preliminary runs of FUND for the UNEP AdaptCost and EC ClimateCost projects



560 million sub-Saharan Africans lack access to electricity

..and the region needs energy to keep growing..


Africa is has a huge hydro-power potential..Africa is has a huge hydro-power potential..


Holistic approach and concerted and differentiated actions are required

Least Developed Countries

Emerging Economies

& EITs

Developed Countries

More adaptationgrowing

mitigation

Adaptation & mitigation

More mitigationless adaptation

TrainingInstitutional supportInformation support

R&D support

Collaborative R&D

TechnologyPartnership &

Networking

Technology facilitationand

Partnerships

Annual per capita Income

$1200 $7000

550 PPMV

450 PPMV

Corridor of sustainable development &

stabilization of GHGs

Pe

r c

ap

ita

GH

G e

mis

sio

ns

(c

on

ce

ntr

ati

on

s)


Technological challenge of climate change

• To reach the goal of 2oC limit, energy-related CO2 emissions need to peak globally by 2020 and then decline sharply in 203

• But based on government policies and measures enacted or adopted by mid-2009 - in 2030 world primary energy demand will be 40% higher than in 2007.

• 90% of this increase is expected to take place in non-OECD countries

• In addition, 77% of the worldwide energy demand increase will be based on using fossil fuels. At the same time, 1.3 billion people will still lack access to electricity in 2030

• Within this context successful and reliable accelerated development and transfer of environmentally sound mitigation technologies are crucial and central


Technological challenge of climate change

• Estimated that the additional financing needs will be in range of $262–670 billion per year, which is around three to four times greater than the current global investment levels in energy technologies (EGTT, 2009a).

• Of this amount, USD 100 - 400 billion annually is needed in developing countries– Africa - $13-26b/yr

• Mitigating GHG emissions is only one aspect of climate policy

• Equally important will be the need to reduce countries’ vulnerability to climate change impacts– Africa - $11-21b/year

Technology Development and Transfer Network (TDTNet)13

The global context of Technology TransferThe global context of Technology Transfer

• Technology transfer is considered to be a key element in combating climate change under the UNFCCC.

• TT - Necessary for realization of global cooperation • Important element in all multi-lateral environmental

agreements (MEAs)• TT includes several phases of technology development,

deployment, dissemination, adoption and “domestication”• TT is one of the pillars of the Bali Action Plan endorsed by

UNFCCC COP in 2007 and is now one of the negotiations tracks for post Kyoto

21/04/23 Eng. Hussain Makki-NOGA


Technology as part of climate policy making

“The developed countries and other developed countries in Annex II shall take all practicable steps to promote, facilitate and finance, as appropriate, the transfer of or access to environmentally sound technologies and know how to other Parties, particularly developing country Parties, to enable them to implement the provisions of the Convention.”…

Article 4.5

“The extent to which developing country Parties will effectively implement their commitments under the Convention will depend on the effective implementation by developed country Parties of their commitments related to financial resources and transfer of technology…”

Article 4.7


Technology as part of climate policy making

The Parties reached a consensus at COP7:• To adopt the framework for meaningful and

effective actions to enhance the implementation of Art. 4.5 of the Convention.

• To establish an Expert Group on Technology Transfer.

• To provide financial support to TT activities through GEF climate change focal area and the special climate change fund.


Technology Transfer Framework

• Five key themes and areas are: – Technology needs and needs assessments– Technology information– Enabling environments– Capacity Building– Mechanisms for technology transfer


Key principles & objectives of TNA

• To identify and prioritize, through country-driven participatory processes, technologies that can contribute to mitigation and adaptation goals of the participant countries, while meeting their national sustainable development goals and priorities (TNA).

• To identify barriers hindering the acquisition, deployment, and diffusion of prioritized technologies.

• To develop Technology Action Plans (TAP) specifying prioritized technologies, activities and enabling frameworks to overcome the barriers and facilitate the transfer, adoption, and diffusion of selected technologies in the participant countries

MitigationMitigation AdaptationAdaptation

Activity 2: Identify technology criteria for assessment

Activity 3: Prioritize sectors and select key technology(ies)

Activity 4: Identify barriers and policy needs*

Activity 6: Prepare a synthesis report

Review GHG inventory for

mitigation potential

Identify key sectors and characteristics

Review national plans in identified

sectors

Review available vulnerability studies

Identify vulnerable sectors

Review national plans in vulnerable

sectors

Review technology options and resources

Prepare list of sectors with

mitigation potential

Develop criteria to apply to vulnerable

sectors

Compile a list of prioritized mitigation technologies and

key sectors

Prioritize vulnerable sectors

Identify characteristics of prioritized sectors

Compile responses to address

vulnerability

Activity 5: Define and select options

Conduct environ-mental technology impact assessment

Assess capacity to use mitigation technologies

Conduct environ-mental technology impact assessment

Assess capacity to use adaptation technologies

Implementation actions

Rank and select prioritized mitigation technologies and

key sectors

Identify practical options for priority

sectors

Identify responses and technologies

Rank and prioritize applicable

technologies

Assess adequacy of financial resources Ensure transparency Identify potential

synergiesIdentify ways to reduce

barriersContinue stakeholder

involvementRevise plans as

needed

Activity 1: Prepare a preliminary overview of the sectorsCross-cutting issues

(Stakeholder engagement and barrier analysis)

Full report (including a description of the stakeholder process adopted, an evaluation of sectoral needs and opportunities…, a statement of data gaps, project concepts/proposals, potential sources of funding)Summary report in NC

Input from NC, NAPAs, national development plans

Output to NC, NAPAs national development plans

Communicate TNA findings


TNAs | A simplified view

Convene meeting to explore objectives and

scope

Define process for ongoing involvement of

all stakeholders

Identify relevant stakeholders;

consult key agencies

Establish the team~ lead agency

~ lead technical institution

~ other players

Define priority sectors and sub-sectors

Establish criteria for selecting technology

transfer priorities

Further technology & barrier assessment &

stakeholder consultations

Define alternative actions

Select priority technologies

Compile and supplement technology and market information

Select actions Prepare needs assessment report

Securing resources Development of

implementation strategies

Integration with existing development

programs

Preparation of technology transfer

plans

Implementation of technology transfer

actions

Ongoing review and refinement of actions

Forming institution arrangements

Preparing & implementing technology transfer actions & plans

Needs assessments process

TNAs - how priorities were selected? How they relate to national development objectives?

Development benefits Climate change

Market Environmental protection

Country

Empl

oym

ent g

ener

atio

n

Wea

lth c

reat

ion

Util

izat

ion

of lo

cal r

esou

rces

Rat

iona

l util

izat

ion

of re

sour

ces

Impr

ovem

ent i

n he

alth

and

qua

lity

of li

fe

Food

sec

urity

Cap

acity

-bui

ldin

g

Envi

ronm

enta

l sus

tain

abili

ty

Gen

der e

qual

ity

Soci

o-ec

onom

ic im

port

ance

GH

G re

duct

ion

pote

ntia

l

Pres

erve

sin

ks

Pote

ntia

l for

ada

ptat

ion

Inve

stm

ent c

osts

Mai

nten

ance

cos

ts

Life

tim

e of

the

inv.

Poss

ibili

ties

for r

eplic

atio

n

Soci

al a

ccep

tanc

e

Min

imum

impa

ct o

n th

e en

viro

nmen

t

Pollu

tion

redu

ctio

n

Rec

over

y of

wat

er re

sour

ces

Pote

ntia

l for

reus

e an

d re

cycl

e To

tal

Per c

ent

Albania 12 54.5 Azerbaijan 6 27.3 Bolivia 1 4.5 Burundi 7 31.8 Chile 2 9.1 China 9 40.9 Congo DR 13 59.1 Dominican Republic 6 27.3 Ecuador 1 4.5 Georgia 3 15.8 Ghana 8 42.1 Haiti 3 15.8 Indonesia 7 36.8 Kenya 5 26.3 Lesotho 6 31.6 Malawi 7 36.8 Mauritius 5 26.3 Moldova 4 21.1 Niue 4 21.1 Paraguay 2 10.5 Tajikistan 6 31.6 Viet Nam 6 31.6 Zimbabwe 5 26.3

Total 8 2 14 14 1 0 1 1 1 16 21 1 1 16 1 3 3 9 13 2 0 0 % 34.8 8.7 60.9 60.9 4.3 0.0 4.3 4.3 4.3 69.6 91.3 4.3 4.3 69.6 4.3 13.0 13.0 39.1 56.5 8.7 0.0 0.0


Key Sectors Covered by TNA ReportsKey Sectors Covered by TNA Reports

21/04/23 21Eng. Hussain Makki-NOGA


Share of Mitigation Options by Share of Mitigation Options by SectorSector

Energy23%

Industry15%

Transport16%

Residential & Commercial

17%

Agriculture14%

Land-use and forestry6%

Waste9%


Commonly identified energy efficient technology needs

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

Ligh

ts

Sol

ar w

ater

hea

ters

Sto

ves/

oven

s

Sol

ar d

rier

s

Sol

ar c

ooke

rs

Hea

ters

Air

con

ditio

ning

Uns

peci

fied

appl

ianc

es &

tech

niqu

es

Sol

ar h

ome

syst

em

Ref

rige

rato

rs

Sol

ar w

ater

pum

ps

Win

d w

ater

pum

ping

# o

f te

chn

olo

gie

s id

enti

fied

Africa Asia Europe Latin america

Commonly identified RET needs?

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18S

olar

PV

(gri

d, o

ff-

grid

) Bio

mas

s

Min

i- an

d/or

mic

ro-

hydr

o

Win

d (in

stal

latio

ns

and/

or a

sses

smen

ts)

Hyd

ro

Sol

ar th

erm

al

Geo

ther

mal

Uns

peci

fied

RE

T

MS

W (g

ener

atio

n

and

trea

tmen

t of

MS

W)

Uns

peci

fied

hybr

ids

# of

tech

nolo

gies

iden

tifie

d

Africa Asia Europe Latin america


Share of Adaptation Options by SectorsShare of Adaptation Options by Sectors

Energy10%

Coastal area11%

Water resources10%

Health15%Agriculture

28%

Land-use and forestry

13%

Waste5%

Systematic observation

8%


Main barriers to TT identified by country?

Main measures to address barriers to TT

Table 10. Type of measures identified by country

Country Ec

onom

ic /

mar

ket

Info

rmat

ion

/ aw

aren

ess

Polic

y R

egul

ator

y In

stitu

tiona

l H

uman

Te

chni

cal

Infr

astr

uctu

re

Oth

ers

Tota

l

Per c

ent

Albania 5 56 Azerbaijan 5 56 Bolivia 7 78 Burundi 6 67 Chile 1 11 China 8 89 Congo DR 7 78 Dominican Republic

0 0

Ecuador 5 56 Georgia 8 89 Ghana 0 0 Haiti 4 44 Indonesia 6 67 Kenya 6 67 Lesotho 4 44 Malawi 9 100 Mauritius 5 56 Moldova 6 67 Niue 2 22 Paraguay 0 0 Tajikistan 7 78 Viet Nam 8 89 Zimbabwe 7 78

Total 16 16 16 18 13 11 13 6 7 Percent 70 70 70 78 57 48 57 26 30

Figure 13. Common measures identified to address barriers

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Reg

ulat

ory

Polic

y

Info

rmat

ion

/

awar

enes

s

Eco

nom

ic /

mar

ket

Tec

hni

cal

Inst

itut

ion

al

Hum

an

Oth

ers

Infr

astr

uctu

re

Per

cen

t of P

artie

s[%

]

Main capacity-building needs? Table 11. Type of capacity-building

needs identified by country

Country Ec

onom

ic /

mar

ket

Info

rmat

ion

/ aw

aren

ess

Polic

y / p

rogr

amm

e R

egul

ator

y In

stitu

tiona

l /

orga

niza

tiona

l H

uman

Tech

nica

l In

fras

truc

ture

O

ther

s To

tal

Per c

ent

Albania 0 0 Azerbaijan 6 67 Bolivia 4 44 Burundi 3 33 Chile 1 11 China 0 0 Congo DR 3 33 Dominican Republic 2 22 Ecuador 4 44 Georgia 0 0 Ghana 8 89 Haiti 2 22 Indonesia 2 22 Kenya 6 67 Lesotho 3 33 Malawi 7 78 Mauritius 3 33 Moldova 0 0 Niue 1 11 Paraguay 1 11 Tajikistan 8 89 Viet Nam 8 89 Zimbabwe 5 56

Total 7 14 9 7 10 16 8 3 3 Percent 30 61 39 30 43 70 35 13 13

Figure 14. Common capacity-building needs

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Hum

an

Info

rmat

ion

/ aw

aren

ess

Inst

itut

iona

l /or

gan

iztio

nal

Polic

y / p

rogr

amm

e

Tech

nica

l

Econ

omic

/ m

arke

t

Reg

ulat

ory

Infr

astr

uctu

re

Oth

ers

Per c

ent o

f Par

ties

[%]


TNAs summary

• The TNA is an effective tool for decision makers and international institutions that may be involved in the facilitation of the technology transfer process. The TNA process not only helps identify specific technology needs, but also points out the direction in which future policies and regulations will need to progress

• The main beneficiary of the TNAs are the Parties that carried them out, as these reports provide a good basis for follow-up activities to further enhance the transfer of climate friendly technologies.


Financing mechanisms

• New Bilateral (ODA, seed financing, PPP)

• Multilateral climate related funding initiatives (UNEP, UNDP, UNEP, UNDP, World Bank Carbon Finance, EU COMMISSIONWorld Bank Carbon Finance, EU COMMISSION )

• GEF (adaptation and mitigation)

• CDM/JI (mitigation and adaptation)

• Private sector (commercial bank, microfinancing)


Thank you

[email protected]

United NationsEconomic Commission for Africa

Climate Change

Meets Policy

Date post:	21-Jan-2016
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Technology Development and Transfer Network (TDTNet) Technology Needs Assessment in Support of...

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