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TECHNOLOGY DRIVE HISTORY ?
COPYRIGHT F. GADEK 01/04/2010 1
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY& SOCIETY { “STS” }
WITH RESPECT TO THE BOOK -
“ DOES TECHNOLOGY DRIVE HISTORY ? – THE DILEMMA OF
TECHNOLOGICAL DETERMINATION ”
BYMERRITT ROE SMITH & LEO MARX,
EDITORS
FRANK J. GADEK, PH.D.
“ “ STILL INITIAL DRAFT ONLY “ STILL INITIAL DRAFT ONLY “
TECHNOLOGY DRIVE HISTORY ?
COPYRIGHT F. GADEK 01/04/2010 2
1994 MIT, 280 PAGES ISBN 0-262-69167-1
IT IS MORE OF A PHILOSOPHYTYPE BOOK
COMPARED TO THE VERYFACTUAL BOOKS BY HEADRICK& OTHRS
SUCH AN APPROACH WAS MISSINGIN MY DECADES OF STS RESEARCH,SO I INCLUDED IT NOW
TECHNOLOGY DRIVE HISTORY ?
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13 ESSAYS EXPLORE THIS CRUCIAL HISTORICALQUESTION
DOES SOCIETY’S TECHNOLOGY DETERMINE ITS –
POLITICAL, SOCIAL, ECONOMIC & CULTURALFORMS ?
BUT GENERALLY, TECHNOLOGIES ARE NOT AUTONOMOUS,BUT SOCIAL PRODUCTS, SUSCEPTIBLE TO DEMOCRATICCONTROLS
BUT TECHNOLOGY IS CERTAINLY “AN AGENT OF CHANGE”IN SOCIETY
TECHNOLOGY DRIVE HISTORY ?
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
I HAVE INCLUDED CHAPTER NUMBERS, SINCE THEY DID NOT,FOLLOWED BY THE CHAPTER TITLE, FIRST PAGE NUMBER, AUTHOR [S]
THESE CAN GIVE YOU SOME OF THE “FLAVOR” OF THE BOOK
INTRODUCTION - IX - LEO MARX & MERRITT ROE SMITH
CHAPTER 1 – TECHNOLOGICAL DETERMINISM IN AMERICANCULTURE - 1 - MERRITT ROE SMITH
CHAPTER 2 – RECOURSE OF EMPIRE: LANDSCAPES OFPROGRESS IN TECHNOLOGICAL AMERICA – 37 –MICHAEL L. SMITH
CHAPTER 3 – DO MACHINES MAKE HISTORY ? – 53 – ROBERT L. HEILBRONER
TECHNOLOGY DRIVE HISTORY ?
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CHAPTER 4 – TECHNOLOGICAL DETERMINISM REVISITED- 67 – ROBERT HEILBRONER
CHAPTER 5 – THREE FACES OF TECHNOLOGICALDETERMINISM – 79 – BRUCE BIMBER
CHAPTER 6 – TECHNOLOGICAL MEMENTUM – 101 –THOMAS P. HUGHES
CHAPTER 7 – RETRIEVING SOCIOTECHNICAL CHANGEFROM TECHNOLOGICAL DETERMINATION – 115 – THOMAS J. MISA
CHAPTER 8 – DETERMINISM AND INDETERMINACY IN THEHISTORY OF TECHNOLOGY – 143 – PHILIP SCRANTON
CHAPTER 9 -
TECHNOLOGY DRIVE HISTORY ?
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THEY USE THE FOLLOWING QUOTE A LOT WITH RESPECT TO THE DEBATE ON DETERMINISM –
KARL MARX –
“THE HAND-MILL GIVES YOU SOCIETY WITHTHE FEUDAL LORD
THE STEAMMILL, SOCIETY WITH THE INDUSTRIAL CAPITALIST”
IT REMINDS US OF HOW OUR FAST-CHANGINGTECHNOLOGIES WILL ALTER OUR LIVES
[BACK COVER]
TECHNOLOGY DRIVE HISTORY ?
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IN ONE WAY OR ANOTHER, SO MANY OF US HAVE“DIRECT FIRST HAND EXPERIENCE”WITH COMPUTERS
AND
HOW THEY HAVE SO DRAMATICALLYCHANGED OUR LIVES IN SO MANY WAYS
EVEN FOR THOSE WHO MAY NOT USE COMPUTERS !
[P#IX]
TECHNOLOGY DRIVE HISTORY ?
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BUT IS TECHNOLOGY AN INDEPENDENTENTITY, A VIRTUAL AUTONOMOUS AGENTOF CHANGE ?
ARE THE SOCIAL CONSEQUENCES OF OURTECHNICAL INGENUITY FAR- REACHING,CUMULATIVE, MUTUALLY REINFORCING& IRREVERSIBLE ?
DO INVENTIONS TAKE ON “A LIFE OF THEIR OWN” ?
DO WHOLE NETWORKS OF SYSTEMS BECOMEINDISPENSIBLE FOR THE ECONOMY & BECOMEA PRECONDITION FOR REPRODUCTION OFTHE ENTIRE SOCIAL ORDER ?
IF YES, THIS CAN BE CONSIDERED A DETERMINISTIC VIEW[P#XI]
TECHNOLOGY DRIVE HISTORY ?
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REDEFINED TECHNOLOGICAL DETERMINISM –HUMAN TENDENCY TO CREATE A KINDOF SOCIETY THAT INVESTS TECHNOLOGIESWITH ENOUGH POWER TO DRIVE HISTORY
HUMANITY’S CHOICE OF ITS FUTURE –
EXPRESSION OF FREEDOMOREXPRESSION OF NECESSITY
A DILEMMA
WHY THEY DECIDED TO PRESENT THESE ESSAYS –TO ELUCIDATE THESE ISSUES & DILEMMA
NOTE – TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION IS NOT JUSTA WESTERN ENDEAVOUR ANY LONGER,BUT IS GLOBAL
[P#XIV]
TECHNOLOGY DRIVE HISTORY ?
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TWO EXTREME FORMS OF DETERMINISTIC VIEW –HARD & SOFT
HARD – TECHNOLOGY ITSELF LEADS TO INESCAPABLENECESSITYPERMIT FEW ALTERNATIVESBUT NOT AN ORGANIZED INSTITUTIONBUT SO FAR, TECHNOLOGY IS STILL CONTROLLED
BY HUMANS – WILL THIS CONTINUE?
SINGLE CAUSE FOR GENESIS OF PRESUMEDDETERMINATIVE POWER OF TECHOLOGICALINNOVATION
OPTIMIST – FUTURE IS OUTCOME OF MANYFREE CHOICES & REALIZATIONOF THE DREAM OF PROGRESS
PESSIMIST – PRODUCT OF NECESSITY’S IRONHAND & POINTS TO A TOTALITARIANNIGHTMARE
[P#XII]
TECHNOLOGY DRIVE HISTORY ?
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NOTE – THE MOVIES 2001 & 2010 & THE NOVELS BYARTHUR C. CLARKE {SP} THEY ARE BASED ON –
EXPLORE THE AREAS OF COMPUTERS TAKING OVER & LIFEIN OUTER SPACE, MUCH DIFFERENT THANOUR KNOWN LIFE FORMS
AS THIS IS BEING WRITTEN BY ME, WEARE IN THE FIRST DAYS OF 2010 !
CERTAINLY COMPUTERS CONTINUE TO CONTROLMORE OF OUR LIVES ALL THE TIME
REPORTS OF “STRANGE HAPPENINGS”[EXTRATERRESTRIALS ?] ON OURPLANET HAVE CONTINUED
TECHNOLOGY DRIVE HISTORY ?
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SOFT – HISTORY OF TECHNOLOGY IS HISTORY OF HUMAN ACTIONS
HUMAN ACTORS INVOLVED
MANY CAUSES
WHY DID THEY DO IT & NOT OTHERS?WHY THEN & IN THAT PLACE?WHO BENEFITED / SUFFERED?
TECHNOLOGY LOCATED IN MORE VARIOUS, COMPLEX SOCIAL,ECONOMIC, POLITICAL &CULTURAL MATRIX - WHICHSEEMS MORE PLAUSIBLE
[P#XIII]
TECHNOLOGY DRIVE HISTORY ?
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MY “PRESENT TAKE” ON SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY & SOCIETY [STS]
BASED ON MY PAST EXPERIENCES, EDUCATION, POSITIONS,RESEARCH, ETC.
IT MAY BE TOO SIMPLISTIC TO TRY TO CATEGORIZE “ALL” OF STSINTO JUST ONE OR A FEW SPECIFIC APPROACHES
THIS CAN BE SIMILAR TO SOME MISUNDERSTANDINGS ABOUTEVEN JUST THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD – IT IS JUST A BASICSTATIC DETAILED “ROADMAP” FOR MAKING DISCOVERIES ABOUT NATURE – THIS IS FAR FROM WHAT IS INVOLVED,BUT SOME MAY LOOK AT IT IN THIS VERY SIMPLISTICWAY
WITH THE GREAT DIVERSITY OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGICALDEVELOPMENTS & HOW THEY BECAME SUCCESSFUL, IT WOULD SEEM THAT ONE PARTICULAR “WAY” TO DO ALL THIS WOULD BE A VERY SUSPECT
TECHNOLOGY DRIVE HISTORY ?
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STS HAS COMPONENTS OF ALL 3 AREAS - SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY & SOCIETY COMPONENTS
IN SOME STS AREAS, ONE OR MORE OF THESE COMPONENTSMAY DOMINATE OR BE OF MINOR CONTRIBUTION
LIKE WITH THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD – THERE IS BOTH ART & SCIENCEINVOLVED, AS THERE IS WITH HUMANITIES & OTHER AREASOF KNOWLEDGE
THIS IS VERY SIMILAR TO MANY OTHER AREAS OF ENDEAVOUR
ULTIMATELY, THERE ARE MANY DIFFERENT & DIVERSE AREASOF KNOWLEDGE & EXPLORATION INVOLVED INHUMAN ENDEAVORS
SOME MAY BE OF MORE IMPORTANCE & USE THANOTHERS, DEPENDING ON THE SPECIFIC ENDEAVORINVOLVED.
TECHNOLOGY DRIVE HISTORY ?
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DEPENDING ON THE SPECIFIC SCIENTIFIC AND / ORTECHNOLOGY, MANY DIFFERENT AREAS OF KNOWLEDGEMAY BE INVOLVED, WITH VARYING DEGREES OF IMPORTANCE
EACH SCIENTIFIC / TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT MAYOCCUR BY ITS OWN UNIQUE COMBINATION OF BOTHSCIENCE & ART, ALONG WITH SO MANY OTHER FACTORS –TIMING, LUCK, FUNDING, SOCIETAL CLIMATE / NEEDS /DEVELOPMENT AT THAT TIME, ETC.
INSPIRATION & PERSPIRATION
THERE IS NO ONE DETAILED ROADMAP TO FOLLOW FORSUCCESS IN ALL OF THE SO DIFFERENT AREAS OF EXPLORATION
TECHNOLOGY DRIVE HISTORY ?
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A SPECIFIC EXAMPLE MIGHT BE OSBORNE’S “HYPERGROWTH” TO DESCRIBE THE EARLYDAYS OF PORTABLE, PERSONAL COMPUTERS[PPC’S]
SCIENCE / TECHNOLOGY OF COMPUTING WASPROGRESSING AT TREMENDOUS SPEEDS
CONSUMER DEMAND WAS MORE THAN ANYONEHAD IMAGINED
HOW TO TRY TO BEST MEET THESE CHALLENGES ?
NO ONE HAD EVER EXPERIENCED IT IN THE PAST
THERE WERE NO MODELS / GUIDELINES / ETC.
SOME OPTION WORKED & SOME DID NOT – NONE WORKEDFOR VERY LONG – THINGS WERE CONTINUALLY CHANGING SODRAMATICALLY & SO FAST
TECHNOLOGY DRIVE HISTORY ?
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HOW DID ALL OF THIS COMPUTING START ?
THERE ARE MANY DIVERSE FACTORS –
TEENAGERS WORKING UNSUPERVISEDIN GARAGES & THEIR BEDROOMS
NEED OF SOCIETY TO BETTER MANAGETHEIR WORLD
BUSINESS NEEDING TO GET INTO NEWAREAS TO REMAIN PROFITABLE
DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTRONICS
TIMING / LUCK / HARD WORK / PERSISTENCE
ENTREPRENURIAL & STRUCTURED OPTIONS
ETC.
TECHNOLOGY DRIVE HISTORY ?
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ANY OF THESE FACTORS COULD BE MISSING,BUT THE PROGRESS OF COMPUTING WOULDJUST BE DELAYED, NOT STOPPED
OTHER FACTORS COULD INHIBIT OR FOSTERPROGRESS IN COMPUTING & THEY DID, BUTTHEY COULD NOT PREVENT IT
TECHNOLOGY DRIVE HISTORY ?
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THERE ARE TANGIBLE & “HARD” FACTORS INVOLVED – IMPROVED MANUFACTURINGOF ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS, SUCCESSFUL BUSINESSESWITH THE NEED TO PRODUCTIVELY INVEST THEIR GROWINGPROFITS, ETC.
BUT THERE WERE ALSO VERY INTANGIBLE& “SOFT” FACTORS – IDEALISM, CURIOSITY,OPPORTUNITY, ETC.
“NOBODY TOLD THEM IT COULD NOT BE DONE” – THE UNKNOWN TO BE EXPLORED
“SOMEBODY SAID IT COULD NOT BE DONE”- A CHALLENGE
TECHNOLOGY DRIVE HISTORY ?
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ALAN KAY, OF EARLY COMPUTER FAME,HAD TWO VERY OPPOSITE QUOTESTHAT ARE APPROPRIATE IN MANY WAYS –
““TO PREDICT THE FUTURE – TO PREDICT THE FUTURE – PREVENT ITPREVENT IT””REGRESSIVE, REGRESSIVE, FEAR OF FUTURE,FEAR OF FUTURE,NOT WANTING TO CHANGE, ETC.NOT WANTING TO CHANGE, ETC.
““TO PREDICT THE FUTURE – TO PREDICT THE FUTURE – INVENT IT”INVENT IT”PROGRESSIVE, EMBRACE FUTURE,EMBRACE FUTURE,DESIRING CHANGE, ETC.DESIRING CHANGE, ETC.
TECHNOLOGY DRIVE HISTORY ?
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THE FAMOUS QUOTE BY MANY –
““ONLY CHANGE IS CONSTANT !”ONLY CHANGE IS CONSTANT !”
IT WILL HAPPEN, NO MATTERWHO & WHAT IS DONE
IT IS JUST A MATTER OF TIME
SOONER OR LATER
BUT IT WILL HAPPEN
SO WHY NOT PREPARE FOR IT& “JUST DO IT ?”
TECHNOLOGY DRIVE HISTORY ?
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SO OVERALL, TO TRY TO PREDICT / ANTICIPATESPECIFIC STS DEVELOPMENTS IS VERY DIFFICULT,PARTICULARLY BECAUSE THERE ARE SO MANYVARIABLES
HOWEVER, THE MORE YOU KNOW ABOUT STS & HOWIT OPERATES, YOU CAN BETTER MANAGE WHATEVERSTS DEVELOPS, ESPECIALLY IN YOUR OWN PERSONALLIFE
STS IS HERE & IT IS NOT GOING AWAYSO JUST DEAL WITH IT
DEVELOP MORE OF AN UNDERSTANDING OF STS & THEMANY ISSUES INVOLVED SO YOU CAN DEVISE ANAPPROPRIATE MANAGEMENT PLAN
GOOD LUCK – WE WILL ALL NEED IT !
WE HAVE SURVIVED SO FAR & HOPEFULLY THIS SUCCESSWILL CONTINUE
TECHNOLOGY DRIVE HISTORY ?
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SCHEMATIC / DIAGRAM OF HOW THIS TOPICFITS INTO MY SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY &SOCIETY { “ STS “ } DECADES OF RESEARCH
TECHNOLOGY DRIVE HISTORY ?
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TECHNOLOGY DRIVE HISTORY ?
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TECHNOLOGY DRIVE HISTORY ?
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TECHNOLOGY DRIVE HISTORY ?
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TECHNOLOGY DRIVE HISTORY ?
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TECHNOLOGY DRIVE HISTORY ?
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SMALL & SHORT BOOK OF ONLY SMALL & SHORT BOOK OF ONLY 221 PAGES221 PAGES
BUT PACKED WITH VERY INSIGHTFUL DETAILSOF JUST HOW IMPERIALISTIC EMPIRES WERE FOSTERED BY NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS IN THE 1800’S
SUCCESS OF SUCH IMPERIALISM / COLONIALISMCREATED MANY SERIOUS ISSUES IN THE 1900’S,INCLUDING WORLD WARS.
TECHNOLOGY DRIVE HISTORY ?
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TECHNOLOGY DRIVE HISTORY ?
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TECHNOLOGY DRIVE HISTORY ?
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AS WITH ALL MY PRESENTATIONS –
YOU SHOULD DO YOUR OWN RESEARCHON SUCH TOPICS
IT IS SO EASY TODAY WITH THE INTERNET
YOU CAN THEN FORM YOUR OWN OPINIONSESPECIALLY ABOUT VERY CONTROVERSIAL& LESS THAN CLEAR GLOBAL ISSUES – PAST & PRESENT
PLEASE SHARE YOUR RESEARCH RESULTSWITH THE REST OF US SO WE CAN ALL BENEFIT
TECHNOLOGY DRIVE HISTORY ?
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I FEEL MY FUNCTION IS –
TO ALERT YOU TO VERY FASCINATING HISTORICAL EVENTS
TO STIMULATE YOU FOR FURTHER INVESTIGATION
HELP YOU DO YOUR OWN RESEARCHSO YOU CAN FORM YOUR OWN VIEWSON THESE EVENTS
POSSIBLY PRESENT CERTAIN ASPECTSIN NEW & DIFFERENT WAYS OF “THINKING”ABOUT SUCH “ STS “ [SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY& SOCIETY] DEVELOPMENTS FROM MYVERY UNIQUE & DIVERSE PERSPECTIVEBASED ON MY PAST EDUCATION, POSITIONS,TRAINING, EXPERIENCES, RESEARCH, ETC.
TECHNOLOGY DRIVE HISTORY ?
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IN ANY EVENT –
BY NO MEANS AM I ANY KIND OF “EXPERT”
THERE ARE MANY VIEWS TO MANY EVENTSIN HISTORY
IT IS THE GREAT DIVERSITY OF INTERPRETATIONSOF THESE EVENTS BY HUMANITY THAT WE MAY GET TO A BETTER APPRECIATION OF THE “REAL” TRUTH OF SUCH COMPLEX MATTERS, WHATEVER THAT MAY BE
BY SHARING SUCH DIVERSE PERSPECTIVES, WE MAYGAIN A BETTER APPRECIATION OF “ STS “ IN GENERALSO WE CAN UNDERSTAND IT BETTER & MANAGE ITBETTER IN OUR EVERYDAY LIVES, FOR THE BENEFITOF ALL
TECHNOLOGY DRIVE HISTORY ?
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SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY & SOCIETY { STS }SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY & SOCIETY { STS }
BUT CONTINUED SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGYDEVELOPMENTS PROVIDED NEW MEANSTO SUCCESSFULLY OVERCOME THESEINHIBITORS & TO DO IT ECONOMICALLY
THUS, AT LEAST SOME AREAS OF SOCIETYBENEFITED, BUT OTHER AREAS DID NOT
TECHNOLOGY DRIVE HISTORY ?
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CONTINUED “INDUSTRIALIZATION” { INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION CONTINUES }OF EUROPEAN CONTRIES PROVIDED MUCH PROGRESS
BUT REQUIRED INCREASING –
AMOUNTS OF RAW MATERIALS
MANUFACTURE OF GOODS
MARKETS FOR GOODS PRODUCED
TRANSPOTATION TO MARKETS
SOPHISTICATED MANAGEMENT / FINANCES
MILITARY TO PROTECT INTERESTS
ETC.
TECHNOLOGY DRIVE HISTORY ?
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BUT BUT SOCIETYSOCIETY BOTH BENEFITED & BOTH BENEFITED & SUFFERED IN MANY COMPLEX WAYS SUFFERED IN MANY COMPLEX WAYS –
MODERN DEVELOPMENTS IMPROVED CERTAINASPECTS
BUT MAY NOT HAVE BEEN APPROPRIATE AND / ORTIMELY FOR SOCIETIES / CULTURES OF CERTAIN REGIONS
IMPERIALISM / COLONIALISM -
JINGOISM – NATIONALISM / PATRIOTISM
RACISM
FASCINATION WITH MACHINERY OVER PEOPLE
ETC.
TECHNOLOGY DRIVE HISTORY ?
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EACH OF THESE AREAS CAN BEEXPLORED IN GREAT DETAIL &
COMPLEXITY
MANY SOPHISTICATED INTERACTIONS / RELATIONSHIPS
TECHNOLOGY DRIVE HISTORY ?
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THE SIMPLE, BASIC HUMAN THE SIMPLE, BASIC HUMAN –
SPIRITCULTUREBELIEFSLIFE STYLETRADITIONETC.
CAN RESIST MODERN INFLUENCE
IN THE LONG TERM !
TECHNOLOGY DRIVE HISTORY ?
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IN ESSENCE,
TECHNOLOGICAL EVOLUTION
LIKE DARWINISM
BUT ‘SOCIETY” CERTAINLY HASHAD A BIG EFFECT ON SCIENCE& TECHNOLOGY
SO THERE IS HOPE THAT HUMANITY-SOCIETY – CAN ULTIMATELY CONTROL-& BETTER MANAGE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGYFOR THE OVERALL BETTERMENT OF MANKIND!
TECHNOLOGY DRIVE HISTORY ?
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IN A GROSS SIMPLIFICATION –
SOCIETY / PEOPLE – “EVERYDAY LIFESTLES” DRAMATICALLY CHANGED BYPOWERFUL PHYSICAL EFFECTS OFTECHNOLOGY
SOCIETY / PEOPLE “VALUES / BELIEFS / CULTURE”NOT BASICALLY CHANGED BYPOWERFUL PHYSICAL EFFECTS OFTECHNOLOGY
TECHNOLOGY DRIVE HISTORY ?
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SO DESPITE THE GREAT POWER OF TECHNOLOGYEXERCISED BY SO MANY FOR SO LONG -
HUMANS ARE STILL IN ULTIMATE CONTROL
BUT FOR HOW LONG ???
CAN THIS ALWAYS BE THE CASE ???
HOW CAN IT BE INSURED TO CONTINUE TO BE THE CASEIN THE FUTURE ?
WHAT CAN CAUSE IT TO NOT BE THE CASE IN THE FUTURE?
TECHNOLOGY DRIVE HISTORY ?
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SOCIAL HISTORY OF TECHOLOGY TRIES TO UNDERSTAND THE CAUSES, DEVELOPMENTS& CONSEQUENCES OF TECHNOLOGY
CONTEXT MUST BE CONSIDERED, NOT JUST“PHYSICAL” TECHNOLOGIES
[P#4]
THIS IS WHAT “STS” IS ALL ABOUT !!!
TECHNOLOGY DRIVE HISTORY ?
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SOCIETY
SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY
ALL INTERCONNECTED IN MANY DIVERSE / COMPLEX
WAYS
TECHNOLOGY DRIVE HISTORY ?
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SOME MULTIPLE & DEBATEABLE CAUSES OF NINTEENTH CENTURY IMPERIALISM –
POLITICSRIVALRIESNAVAL STRATEGYINSTABILITY OF IMPERIAL FRONTIERSDIVERT PUBLIC FROM DOMESTIC ISSUESGROUP PRESSURE ON DECISION MAKINGECONOMICSRAW MATERIAL NEEDSSECURE MARKETSINVESTMENTSETC.
TECHNOLOGY DRIVE HISTORY ?
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BUT A COMMON UNDERLYING ELEMENT –
MOTIVATION OF IMPERIALISTS
IMPERIAL = REGAL, ROYAL, IMPOSING,MAJESTIC, GRAND, COLONIAL, ETC.
IMPERIALISM = MILITARY / POLITICALCONQUEST
[P#6]
WHY DID THEY WANT TO EXTEND THEIRINFLUENCE TO OTHERS
BUT COULD THEY DO THIS? DID THEYHAVE THE MEANS? WAS IT FEASIBLE?
[P#5]
TECHNOLOGY DRIVE HISTORY ?
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NATURALLY, THERE ARE ALSO MANY OTHERFACTORS BESIDES JUST TECHNOLOGY THATLED TO THE PENETRATION & CONQUEST PENETRATION & CONQUEST OFTHESE NEW GLOBAL AREAS
EVENTS HAPPEN BECAUSE OF MANY FACTORSCOMING TO CLOSURE - E.G., TIMING, MATURATION,NEW SOCIETAL NEEDS, “TIPPING POINT,” MULTIPLIEREFFECTS, ETC.
BUT TECHNOLOGY / INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTIONHAS A CENTRAL ROLE[P#8]
HISTORY RESULTS FROM INTERACTION OFHUMAN DECISIONS
[P#9]
TECHNOLOGY DRIVE HISTORY ?
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ME –
SOCIETY [PEOPLE / HUMANS - LIVING] MAKE IT HAPPEN
SCIENCE / TECHNOLOGY [NON-LIVING] PROVIDE THE MEANS THAT CAN BE CHOSEN / USED
TECHNOLOGY DRIVE HISTORY ?
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MANY CAUSES FOR AN EVENT
ALWAYS DEBATABLE ON ORDEROF IMPORTANCE OF EACH
BUT CAUSES INVOLVE BOTH MOTIVES & MEANS
THEY ARE CONNECTED
NEED APPROPRIATE MOTIVES
ADEQUATE MEANS
IF NEITHER OR BOTH ARE NOT SUFFICIENT, EVENT NOT SUCCESSFUL
[P#9-10]
TECHNOLOGY DRIVE HISTORY ?
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TWO FACTORS –
WHAT CAN BE DONE WILL BE DONE
WHERE THERE IS A WILL, THERE IS A WAY
ONE CAN INFLUENCE THE OTHERONE CAN INFLUENCE THE OTHER
FIND A USE FOR NEW TECHNOLOGY
FIND NEW TECHNOLOGY FOR A USE
EITHER CAN COME FIRSTORBOTH CAN HAPPEN ABOUT THE SAME TIME
{CHICKEN / EGG ISSUE}
[P#10]
TECHNOLOGY DRIVE HISTORY ?
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BOTH MEANS & MOTIVESCAN CHANGE & INTERACTTO FAVOR AN EVENT REALISTICALLY HAPPENING
THAT MAY NOT HAVE BEEN POSSIBLEIN THE PAST
TECHNOLOGY DRIVE HISTORY ?
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SO BASICALLY, THIS BOOK AIMS TO OPEN NEW VISTAS & PROVOKE FRESH THINKINGBY ADDING THE TECHNOLOGICALDIMENSION TO THE LIST OF FACTORSINVOLVED WITH IMPERIALISM
[P#12]
TECHNOLOGY DRIVE HISTORY ?
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AND SO IT GOES !AND SO IT GOES !
WHAT IS NEXT ?WHAT IS NEXT ?
WHO KNOWS ?WHO KNOWS ?
BUT AS PASTEUR SAID –BUT AS PASTEUR SAID –
“ “ CHANCE FAVORS THE PREPARED MIND ! “CHANCE FAVORS THE PREPARED MIND ! “
OUR SO SUCCESSFUL & PRODUCTIVE OUR SO SUCCESSFUL & PRODUCTIVE CAREERS & LIVES HAVE PREPARED USCAREERS & LIVES HAVE PREPARED US
WELL FOR THE OUR NEXT PHASE IN LIFEWELL FOR THE OUR NEXT PHASE IN LIFE
LIFE IS RARELY DULL !LIFE IS RARELY DULL !
ALL THE BEST ALWAYS ! ALL THE BEST ALWAYS !
TECHNOLOGY DRIVE HISTORY ?
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TO BE CONTINUED AS TO BE CONTINUED AS
INTEREST &INTEREST &
RESOURCES PERMITRESOURCES PERMIT
JUST LET ME KNOW !JUST LET ME KNOW !