+ All Categories
Home > Documents > Technology….. ….Inkjet Printing - DIEES - Home Page ·  · 2016-12-21Printed Electronics:...

Technology….. ….Inkjet Printing - DIEES - Home Page ·  · 2016-12-21Printed Electronics:...

Date post: 28-May-2018
Category:
Upload: lequynh
View: 222 times
Download: 1 times
Share this document with a friend
72
Technology….. ….Inkjet Printing Università Degli Studi di Catania Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica, Elettronica e dei Sistemi
Transcript
Page 1: Technology….. ….Inkjet Printing - DIEES - Home Page ·  · 2016-12-21Printed Electronics: Inkjet Printed Sensors Overview of Graphic Art Printing systems Why inkjet printing?

Technologyhellip hellipInkjet Printing

Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania

Dip

arti

men

to d

i In

gegn

eria

Ele

ttri

ca E

lett

ron

ica

e d

ei S

iste

mi

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Printed vs Conventional Electronics

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Printed Electronics Introduction

Printed electronics is a set of printing methods

used to create electrically functional devices Paper has been often proposed to be used as substrate but due the rough surface and high humidity absorption other materials such as plastic ceramics and silicon has been applied more widely Several printing processes have been piloted and printing preferably utilizes common printing equipment in the graphics arts industry

Printed Electronics

Printed Sensors

Inkjet Wearable electronics (Active clothing)

Smart Labels (RFID+sensors)

Disposable devices (biomedical) hellip

Low CostsLow Performances

Flexible substrates

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Nearly market-ready devices Flexible OLED

SONY Flexible OLED

Organic Field-Effect Transistor (OFET) is a field effect transistor using an organic semiconductor in its channel

Flexible displays make possible a new set of interesting applications This technology is nearly ready for the market (High Costs Limited lifetime)

Barcodes are on all products today but the only significant data they contain is price To identify products individually

(for example by expiration date or other information) whatrsquos needed are

so-called intelligent labels that use RFID (radio frequency identification)

technology These radio chips which are affixed to products are opening up new possibilities in delivery inventory management and labeling especially

because they can be read from a distance

Review of Printing technologies in pillshellip

Technology Advantages Drawbacks

Screen printing several materials masks low resolution time consuming high cost production

Desktop Inkjet printers

good resolution low cost system low cost production

restricted number of conductive materials

Professional inkjet systems

high resolution several materials Low cost production

high cost system

Mixed Screen amp Inkjet printing

good resolution several materials

Mask time consuming high cost

Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania

Dip

arti

men

to d

i In

gegn

eria

Ele

ttri

ca E

lett

ron

ica

e d

ei S

iste

mi

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors All printed Electronic Circuits

All printed electronic circuits

Electronics Engineering

Chemistry

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Printed Electronics Required Skills

Physics

MEMS amp NEMS Technologies

Inks

Printing Systems

Substrates

C

H

A

L

L

E

N

G

E

S

Before entering the market various technological improvements are still needed

Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania

Dip

arti

men

to d

i In

gegn

eria

Ele

ttri

ca E

lett

ron

ica

e d

ei S

iste

mi

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Screen Printing

Keywell Table Sliding Screen Printing Machine wwwkeywell-printercom

+ Many commercial inks are available + High throughput + Thick layers can be easily obtained + Many different materials can be easiliy printed even with high viscosity - Requires high costs masks - Ink waste

Screen Printing a contact printing system

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Overview of Graphic Art Printing systems

Why inkjet printing bull + Digital non-impact printing method additive bull + All kinds of substrates

bull Rigid or flexible substrates bull Rough or smooth surfaces 3D surfaces

bull + Accurate high resolution high speed bull + Possibility for mass customization bull + Low material consumption bull + Easy to integrate with existing production lines bull + Inks for all kinds of applications

bull Printing inks bull Functional inks bullConductive inks

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Inkjet printing methods

bull Continuos Printing bull DOD (smaller drop size higher placement accuracy)

bull Thermal DOD (needs water thus restricting possible inks) bull Piezoelectric DOD (can be suited for a variety of solvents)

Continuos Printing System

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Piezoelectric Printheads

Less complex system no recirculation More energy to produce a droplet Typical rate tens of kHz Smaller drop size higher placement accuracy Low-end printer market

water 089 mPabulls xylene 093 mPabulls ethanol 107 mPabulls mercury 153 mPabulls olive oil 81x mPabulls

Acceptable range 05-40 mPabulls

Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania

Dip

arti

men

to d

i In

gegn

eria

Ele

ttri

ca E

lett

ron

ica

e d

ei S

iste

mi

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Inkjet Printing Systems

Everyday desktop printer (ie Epson) Dimatix DMP 2800

wwwdimatixcom

Microdrop inkjet system wwwmicrodropde

Litrex M-Series inkjet system wwwlitrexcom

Printing systems designed

or optimized for the application

Precision and accuracy Throughput speed and

productivity Maintenance and

reliability Electronic fluids

formulated to meet application standards

Ink jet print engine engineered for the

application Drop volume velocity

and placement control Robust and resistant to

electronic fluids High and precise drop

throw rate Wide range of substrates

and surface properties

Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania

Dip

arti

men

to d

i In

gegn

eria

Ele

ttri

ca E

lett

ron

ica

e d

ei S

iste

mi

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Printed Electronics Inks

INKS To design printed electronics one needs a number of different materials that have completely different features but need to be adjusted to each other The most important materials are

Conductors electrical conducting polymers for structures of electrodes

Semiconductors electrical semi conducting polymers for transistors and diodes

Dielectrics electrical insulating polymers to divide between semi-conducting and conducting layers

Functional a polymer whose properties are function of some physical quantities of interest

Conductive Polymers

Metal Particle Inks

Conductors

There are only few commercially available inks suitable for inkjet printing Often custom inks formulation are required

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Conductive polymers PEDOTPSS

The PEDOTPSS in ldquoourrdquo language It is an organic polymer that conduces electricity It is commercially available as a dispersion in water (typically at 1-3 wt solids) (Sigma AldrichHC StarckBayerAGFA etc)

It is compatible with inkjet printing after simple pre-processing (dilutionfiltering)

Baytron P from Bayer main Characteristics Solid content 12 ndash 14 Viscosity 60 ndash 100 mPas (olive oil = 81 mPas) It probably needs to be diluted (20 mPas)

pH-value 15 ndash 25 Conductivity max 10 Scm (depending on the type of coating formulation) Density at 20 degC 1003 gcm^3 Mean particle size approx 80 nm (filtering to avoid nozzles clogging) Surf tension at 20 degC 71 mNm (that will determine the adhesion)

3cm

02cm 01mm

RPEDOTPSS = 150 Ω RCOPPER = 025 μΩ

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Conductive polymers PANI

PANI or Polyaniline

is a conducting polymer Although it was discovered over 150 years ago only recently has polyaniline captured the attention of the scientific community due to the discovery of its high electrical conductivity Sigma Aldrich (650013) ndash PANI main properties

Concentration 2-3 wt (dispersion in xylene) Particle size lt 400 nm Conductivity 10-20 Scm (film) Viscosity 3 mPas Density 09 gml 25 degC

It has an acidbase doping response that allows polyaniline to be used in chemical vapor

sensors

We will use it as a functional polymer (gas sensors)

Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Conductive Polymers Vs Metal Particle Inks

Features Conductive Polymers Metal particle inks

Price 400 eurokg 5000 ndash 10000 eurokg

Conductivity Low (10 Scm typical) High (gt 10 kScm)

Cure temperature Low (50 ndash 100 degC) High (300 ndash 500 degC)

Preprocessing DilutionFiltering None

Adhesion Medium-Low Very good

Compatibility Good performances even with common desktop printer printheads

Only dedicated Piezoelectric Printheads

Availability Few general purpose dispersions

Many different commercial inks application specific

Conductive Polymers

Metal Particle Inks

VS

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Metal Particle inks

Price 5000 ndash 10000 eurokg

Cabot - CCI 300 httpwwwcabot-corpcom

A functioning 950 MHz RFID tag with Spectra SE128 printed antenna

Inkjet printed test pattern demonstrated on variety of substrates

1048707 Paper PET PEN 1048707 FR4 polyimide 1048707 Display glass ITO coated glass Si

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 13

Printer Epson Stylus color 480 SXU Plates PEDOTPSS (Bayer - Baytron P) Dielectric PBPDA-PD from Aldrich (PI after heating) R = 17 MΩ C = 50 pF τ = 085 ms

All-polymer capacitor fabricated with inkjet printing technique Yi Liu Tianhong Cui Kody Varahramyan

Institute for Micromanufacturing Louisiana Tech University 911 Hergot Avenue PO Box 10137 Ruston LA 71272 USA Received 17 November 2002 received in revised form 28 January 2003 accepted 31 January 2003

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 23

Printer Microdrop Ink PEDOTPSS (Clevios PH 500)

Inkjet Printing of Microsensors Hussein Al-Chami Student Member IEEE and Edmond Cretu Member IEEE

Department of Electrical amp Computer Engineering University of British Columbia Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 33

Process Screen printing for the electrodes and inkjet (Dimatix) for the PANI Ink Silver nanoparticles (Acheson) + custom prepared PANI ink

Fabrication of chemical sensors using inkjet printing and application to gas detection Karl Crowley Aoife Morrin Malcolm R Smyth Anthony J Killard

Sensors and Separations Group School of Chemical Sciences National Centre for Sensor Research Dublin City University Dublin 9 Ireland

Evolution of inkjet printed droplet of nanoPANI solution over time

Real device

LAYOUT

Substrate membrane

Resistive sensor Final device

Printed SensorsDIEEI Resistive Pressure sensors

Exp

erim

en

tal

set-

up

Bottom electrode Oring Top Electrode

L

A

Y

O

U

T

Real device

Printed SensorsDIEEI Capacitive Pressure sensors

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8-01

0

01

02

03

Tempo (s)

Pre

ssio

ne

(P

a)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8-05

0

05

1

15

Tempo (s)

Vo

ut (V

)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

-10

0

10

Tempo (s)

Se

nsib

ilitagrave

(V

Pa

)

Time (s)

Time (s)

Pre

ssu

re (

Pa)

L= half-width from strain gauges to the point where it enters the mass b= basic support h= thick paper E= module of Young

2

6

Ebh

FLmgF

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

An experimental set-up was realized for the device characterization which exploits the following relationship between an applied load and the strain

l= 2 s=t= 004

l= 2 s=t= 004

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

Device

number

Width Tracks(m) Spacing (m) Device Leght(cm)

1 300 300 1

2 300 300 15

3 300 300 2

4 400 400 1

5 400 400 15

6 400 400 2

7 200 200 15

8 200 200 1

9 200 200 2

10 100 100 1

11 100 100 15

12 100 100 2

Device Leght(cm)

Tracks Width (m)

Spacing ( m)

DR R0 = G ( dl l ) = G

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

LAYOUT

Strain Gauges have been realized by inkjet printing techniques implemented through bulla nano-Silver ink bulla commercial printer and a silver ink

Metalonreg JS-B15P Water-based nano-Silver ink These components are electrically conductive inks designed to produce circuits on porous substrates such as paper and treated polymer films including NoveleTM IJ-220 coated PET JS-B15P ink is specially formulated for stability for piezo-ink jet printing methods

Printed SensorsDIEEI Technologies

An analysis of the Active areas by a optical microscope revealed a minimum spatial resolution of 200 μm (track width and spcing)

Below 200 μm

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

Over 200 μm

Electron microscopy (SEM) images of the silver layer deposited on the device The structure of the silver tracks is quite homogeneous at the inspected scales and an approximate thickness of 190 microm has been estimated

(b)

A dedicated socket was realized to provide electrical contacts

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

PEDOTPSS + GRAPHENE

ZnO

PEDOT PANI GRAPHENE ZnO

Cl2 X

CH4 X X

CO X X

CO2 X X

H2 X

H2S X

NO X

NO2 X X X

NH3 X X X

- Low Cost Tecnology - Commercial Printers - Good Resolution - Fast Prototyping - A lot of Printable Materials

SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy

Development of low cost devices integrated into non-linear bistable flexible system

bull Bistable flexible PET beam (switches harvesters hellip)

bull Study and exploit the device dynamics

bull Low cost solutions for strain measurements electrodes and other passive structureshelliphellip

helliphellipinkjet printing

Non linear beamDIEEI Sensor LAB

End Set-up

SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy

Linear resonant devices bull Perform well when excited at their mechanical resonance bull Large sizes and masses are required at low frequencies bull Poor efficiency far from resonant operations

Non linear devices bull Overcome linear resonant devices limits bull Allow for scavenging a significant amount of energy from signals in a wide range of low frequencies

Non linear beam DIEEI Sensor LAB

End Set-up

There are many tools that can measure the flow but all of this are Commercial Devices bull large (8-10 cm or more) bull heavy (hundreds of grams) bull expensive ( 30 euro ndash 200 euro )

Printed Solution Printed Flow Sensor is bullCheap (Normal Inkjet Printer) bullLight (few grams) bullSmall (3-4 cm)

Application

Very simple idea put the sensor inside a tube with a hydraulic flow To the passage of hydraulic flow the sensor will flex in proportion to the intensity of the flow itself by varying its electrical resistance

120549R = 0

120549R = X

Pump

Sensor SG

Hydraulic Circuit Realization

Sensors

Conditioning Acquisition Processing

Alimentation Pump

System Modeling

Pump OFF

Velocity 1

Velocity 2

Acquisition step

Mean of each step

Repeat this process for 10 acquisition

Ascending period Descending period

then average each column to obtain two Model

That I consider divide in two periods

And so onhellip

Quadratic interpolation

Ascending Model With quadratic interpolation

Descending Model With quadratic interpolation

MODEL

MODEL

Quadratic Calibration Diagram

Saturation

Static friction

Ascending Calibration diagram

Descending Calibration diagram

Why Probabily because at 4 velocity the SG sensor is maximum deform

Why Because at start SG sensor must overcome Static friction

Then reverse the interpolation equation and use the Accuracy Band to obtain

Linear Calibration Diagram with a reduced operating field

But if we working with a reduced operating range for example from velocity 1 at 4 we can use a linear interpolation to obtain linear model

SG MATRIX FOR ESTIMATION

OF DEFORMATIONS OF

KNEE PROSTHESIS INSERT

APPLICATION POINTS

1

2

3

4

5

1

2

3

4

5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

distribuzione interpolata 3D

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Stress Measurement of Prosthesys Insert Layer to Verify Reliability of materials and prosthesys health

Up to 16 Strain Gauge Sensors Miniaturization Strategy

WHY

MUX

Sensing methodology bullSG Technology bullINKJET Printing bullSilver Ink

Implementation of sperimental Set-up

As can be seen from the layout shown in the figure it was tried to obtain a structure that oppose a minimum resistance to the weight application and it had a rigid base on which to fix the power sensor matrix

Implementation of sperimental Set-up

It was necessary to test the repeatability of measurements using the SET-UP shown above because the presence of friction could have affected in a non-negligible effect on the measurements

5 different weights were used and the weight of the structure to build the following graph through 20 different measurements and were calculated by the software Matlab the standard deviation and the mean for each so as to obtain the range of uncertainty of the measurements

1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 640

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80taratura (b=2sigmak=3sigma)

misure (16)

peso

[g]

weights applied[g]

wei

ghts

me

asu

red

[g]

44 50 56 62 68 72

This study shows that the measurement results are repeatable and the maximum standard deviation is 08g In the figure the yellow line corresponds to 1σ the blue line corresponds to 2σ while the black band corresponds to 3σ (σ is the standard deviation and assuming a Gaussian distribution which is equal to the standard deviation)

PRINTED TOUCHMASS SENSOR

LOW State

HIGH State

COMPARATOR

- Low Cost Touch Device

- Weareable Electronic

WHY - Inkjet Printing - Capacitive Interdigitated Printed Sensor - Dielectric Constant Variation - Two Different Conditioning Approach

- Bridge Circuit and Voltage Amplification

- Frequency Modulation Technique

Methodology

IDT Silver Ink

Rubber Dielectric Layer

PET Substrate Protective Layer

Plexiglass Support

PET

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

SENSOR

INA111

RC BRIDGE BUFFER INSTRUM AMPLIFIER

FILTER

RECTIFIER

SENSOR

AC

AMP - +

FILTER + RECTIFIER

CIRCUIT CONDITIONING

ADC DEVICE

GUI amp ACQUISITION WORKSPACE

OSCILLOSCOPE

Printed touch sensor

Working mode

d variation

Tested sensors

Davide Mandragrave

Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge

Advantages

High sensitivity

gt 200 mV

Drawbacks

Offset

waveforms out of

phase

Davide Mandragrave

WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR

But hellip what about x

THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED

∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF

WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g

Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

Printed Heater Device

THE HEATER

The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec

From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

τ = 65 sec

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

Printed Gas Sensors

PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)

bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm

PET Substrate thickness 200um

PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um

EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS

Measurement Set-up

Page 2: Technology….. ….Inkjet Printing - DIEES - Home Page ·  · 2016-12-21Printed Electronics: Inkjet Printed Sensors Overview of Graphic Art Printing systems Why inkjet printing?

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Printed vs Conventional Electronics

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Printed Electronics Introduction

Printed electronics is a set of printing methods

used to create electrically functional devices Paper has been often proposed to be used as substrate but due the rough surface and high humidity absorption other materials such as plastic ceramics and silicon has been applied more widely Several printing processes have been piloted and printing preferably utilizes common printing equipment in the graphics arts industry

Printed Electronics

Printed Sensors

Inkjet Wearable electronics (Active clothing)

Smart Labels (RFID+sensors)

Disposable devices (biomedical) hellip

Low CostsLow Performances

Flexible substrates

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Nearly market-ready devices Flexible OLED

SONY Flexible OLED

Organic Field-Effect Transistor (OFET) is a field effect transistor using an organic semiconductor in its channel

Flexible displays make possible a new set of interesting applications This technology is nearly ready for the market (High Costs Limited lifetime)

Barcodes are on all products today but the only significant data they contain is price To identify products individually

(for example by expiration date or other information) whatrsquos needed are

so-called intelligent labels that use RFID (radio frequency identification)

technology These radio chips which are affixed to products are opening up new possibilities in delivery inventory management and labeling especially

because they can be read from a distance

Review of Printing technologies in pillshellip

Technology Advantages Drawbacks

Screen printing several materials masks low resolution time consuming high cost production

Desktop Inkjet printers

good resolution low cost system low cost production

restricted number of conductive materials

Professional inkjet systems

high resolution several materials Low cost production

high cost system

Mixed Screen amp Inkjet printing

good resolution several materials

Mask time consuming high cost

Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania

Dip

arti

men

to d

i In

gegn

eria

Ele

ttri

ca E

lett

ron

ica

e d

ei S

iste

mi

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors All printed Electronic Circuits

All printed electronic circuits

Electronics Engineering

Chemistry

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Printed Electronics Required Skills

Physics

MEMS amp NEMS Technologies

Inks

Printing Systems

Substrates

C

H

A

L

L

E

N

G

E

S

Before entering the market various technological improvements are still needed

Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania

Dip

arti

men

to d

i In

gegn

eria

Ele

ttri

ca E

lett

ron

ica

e d

ei S

iste

mi

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Screen Printing

Keywell Table Sliding Screen Printing Machine wwwkeywell-printercom

+ Many commercial inks are available + High throughput + Thick layers can be easily obtained + Many different materials can be easiliy printed even with high viscosity - Requires high costs masks - Ink waste

Screen Printing a contact printing system

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Overview of Graphic Art Printing systems

Why inkjet printing bull + Digital non-impact printing method additive bull + All kinds of substrates

bull Rigid or flexible substrates bull Rough or smooth surfaces 3D surfaces

bull + Accurate high resolution high speed bull + Possibility for mass customization bull + Low material consumption bull + Easy to integrate with existing production lines bull + Inks for all kinds of applications

bull Printing inks bull Functional inks bullConductive inks

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Inkjet printing methods

bull Continuos Printing bull DOD (smaller drop size higher placement accuracy)

bull Thermal DOD (needs water thus restricting possible inks) bull Piezoelectric DOD (can be suited for a variety of solvents)

Continuos Printing System

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Piezoelectric Printheads

Less complex system no recirculation More energy to produce a droplet Typical rate tens of kHz Smaller drop size higher placement accuracy Low-end printer market

water 089 mPabulls xylene 093 mPabulls ethanol 107 mPabulls mercury 153 mPabulls olive oil 81x mPabulls

Acceptable range 05-40 mPabulls

Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania

Dip

arti

men

to d

i In

gegn

eria

Ele

ttri

ca E

lett

ron

ica

e d

ei S

iste

mi

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Inkjet Printing Systems

Everyday desktop printer (ie Epson) Dimatix DMP 2800

wwwdimatixcom

Microdrop inkjet system wwwmicrodropde

Litrex M-Series inkjet system wwwlitrexcom

Printing systems designed

or optimized for the application

Precision and accuracy Throughput speed and

productivity Maintenance and

reliability Electronic fluids

formulated to meet application standards

Ink jet print engine engineered for the

application Drop volume velocity

and placement control Robust and resistant to

electronic fluids High and precise drop

throw rate Wide range of substrates

and surface properties

Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania

Dip

arti

men

to d

i In

gegn

eria

Ele

ttri

ca E

lett

ron

ica

e d

ei S

iste

mi

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Printed Electronics Inks

INKS To design printed electronics one needs a number of different materials that have completely different features but need to be adjusted to each other The most important materials are

Conductors electrical conducting polymers for structures of electrodes

Semiconductors electrical semi conducting polymers for transistors and diodes

Dielectrics electrical insulating polymers to divide between semi-conducting and conducting layers

Functional a polymer whose properties are function of some physical quantities of interest

Conductive Polymers

Metal Particle Inks

Conductors

There are only few commercially available inks suitable for inkjet printing Often custom inks formulation are required

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Conductive polymers PEDOTPSS

The PEDOTPSS in ldquoourrdquo language It is an organic polymer that conduces electricity It is commercially available as a dispersion in water (typically at 1-3 wt solids) (Sigma AldrichHC StarckBayerAGFA etc)

It is compatible with inkjet printing after simple pre-processing (dilutionfiltering)

Baytron P from Bayer main Characteristics Solid content 12 ndash 14 Viscosity 60 ndash 100 mPas (olive oil = 81 mPas) It probably needs to be diluted (20 mPas)

pH-value 15 ndash 25 Conductivity max 10 Scm (depending on the type of coating formulation) Density at 20 degC 1003 gcm^3 Mean particle size approx 80 nm (filtering to avoid nozzles clogging) Surf tension at 20 degC 71 mNm (that will determine the adhesion)

3cm

02cm 01mm

RPEDOTPSS = 150 Ω RCOPPER = 025 μΩ

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Conductive polymers PANI

PANI or Polyaniline

is a conducting polymer Although it was discovered over 150 years ago only recently has polyaniline captured the attention of the scientific community due to the discovery of its high electrical conductivity Sigma Aldrich (650013) ndash PANI main properties

Concentration 2-3 wt (dispersion in xylene) Particle size lt 400 nm Conductivity 10-20 Scm (film) Viscosity 3 mPas Density 09 gml 25 degC

It has an acidbase doping response that allows polyaniline to be used in chemical vapor

sensors

We will use it as a functional polymer (gas sensors)

Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Conductive Polymers Vs Metal Particle Inks

Features Conductive Polymers Metal particle inks

Price 400 eurokg 5000 ndash 10000 eurokg

Conductivity Low (10 Scm typical) High (gt 10 kScm)

Cure temperature Low (50 ndash 100 degC) High (300 ndash 500 degC)

Preprocessing DilutionFiltering None

Adhesion Medium-Low Very good

Compatibility Good performances even with common desktop printer printheads

Only dedicated Piezoelectric Printheads

Availability Few general purpose dispersions

Many different commercial inks application specific

Conductive Polymers

Metal Particle Inks

VS

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Metal Particle inks

Price 5000 ndash 10000 eurokg

Cabot - CCI 300 httpwwwcabot-corpcom

A functioning 950 MHz RFID tag with Spectra SE128 printed antenna

Inkjet printed test pattern demonstrated on variety of substrates

1048707 Paper PET PEN 1048707 FR4 polyimide 1048707 Display glass ITO coated glass Si

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 13

Printer Epson Stylus color 480 SXU Plates PEDOTPSS (Bayer - Baytron P) Dielectric PBPDA-PD from Aldrich (PI after heating) R = 17 MΩ C = 50 pF τ = 085 ms

All-polymer capacitor fabricated with inkjet printing technique Yi Liu Tianhong Cui Kody Varahramyan

Institute for Micromanufacturing Louisiana Tech University 911 Hergot Avenue PO Box 10137 Ruston LA 71272 USA Received 17 November 2002 received in revised form 28 January 2003 accepted 31 January 2003

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 23

Printer Microdrop Ink PEDOTPSS (Clevios PH 500)

Inkjet Printing of Microsensors Hussein Al-Chami Student Member IEEE and Edmond Cretu Member IEEE

Department of Electrical amp Computer Engineering University of British Columbia Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 33

Process Screen printing for the electrodes and inkjet (Dimatix) for the PANI Ink Silver nanoparticles (Acheson) + custom prepared PANI ink

Fabrication of chemical sensors using inkjet printing and application to gas detection Karl Crowley Aoife Morrin Malcolm R Smyth Anthony J Killard

Sensors and Separations Group School of Chemical Sciences National Centre for Sensor Research Dublin City University Dublin 9 Ireland

Evolution of inkjet printed droplet of nanoPANI solution over time

Real device

LAYOUT

Substrate membrane

Resistive sensor Final device

Printed SensorsDIEEI Resistive Pressure sensors

Exp

erim

en

tal

set-

up

Bottom electrode Oring Top Electrode

L

A

Y

O

U

T

Real device

Printed SensorsDIEEI Capacitive Pressure sensors

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8-01

0

01

02

03

Tempo (s)

Pre

ssio

ne

(P

a)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8-05

0

05

1

15

Tempo (s)

Vo

ut (V

)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

-10

0

10

Tempo (s)

Se

nsib

ilitagrave

(V

Pa

)

Time (s)

Time (s)

Pre

ssu

re (

Pa)

L= half-width from strain gauges to the point where it enters the mass b= basic support h= thick paper E= module of Young

2

6

Ebh

FLmgF

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

An experimental set-up was realized for the device characterization which exploits the following relationship between an applied load and the strain

l= 2 s=t= 004

l= 2 s=t= 004

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

Device

number

Width Tracks(m) Spacing (m) Device Leght(cm)

1 300 300 1

2 300 300 15

3 300 300 2

4 400 400 1

5 400 400 15

6 400 400 2

7 200 200 15

8 200 200 1

9 200 200 2

10 100 100 1

11 100 100 15

12 100 100 2

Device Leght(cm)

Tracks Width (m)

Spacing ( m)

DR R0 = G ( dl l ) = G

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

LAYOUT

Strain Gauges have been realized by inkjet printing techniques implemented through bulla nano-Silver ink bulla commercial printer and a silver ink

Metalonreg JS-B15P Water-based nano-Silver ink These components are electrically conductive inks designed to produce circuits on porous substrates such as paper and treated polymer films including NoveleTM IJ-220 coated PET JS-B15P ink is specially formulated for stability for piezo-ink jet printing methods

Printed SensorsDIEEI Technologies

An analysis of the Active areas by a optical microscope revealed a minimum spatial resolution of 200 μm (track width and spcing)

Below 200 μm

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

Over 200 μm

Electron microscopy (SEM) images of the silver layer deposited on the device The structure of the silver tracks is quite homogeneous at the inspected scales and an approximate thickness of 190 microm has been estimated

(b)

A dedicated socket was realized to provide electrical contacts

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

PEDOTPSS + GRAPHENE

ZnO

PEDOT PANI GRAPHENE ZnO

Cl2 X

CH4 X X

CO X X

CO2 X X

H2 X

H2S X

NO X

NO2 X X X

NH3 X X X

- Low Cost Tecnology - Commercial Printers - Good Resolution - Fast Prototyping - A lot of Printable Materials

SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy

Development of low cost devices integrated into non-linear bistable flexible system

bull Bistable flexible PET beam (switches harvesters hellip)

bull Study and exploit the device dynamics

bull Low cost solutions for strain measurements electrodes and other passive structureshelliphellip

helliphellipinkjet printing

Non linear beamDIEEI Sensor LAB

End Set-up

SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy

Linear resonant devices bull Perform well when excited at their mechanical resonance bull Large sizes and masses are required at low frequencies bull Poor efficiency far from resonant operations

Non linear devices bull Overcome linear resonant devices limits bull Allow for scavenging a significant amount of energy from signals in a wide range of low frequencies

Non linear beam DIEEI Sensor LAB

End Set-up

There are many tools that can measure the flow but all of this are Commercial Devices bull large (8-10 cm or more) bull heavy (hundreds of grams) bull expensive ( 30 euro ndash 200 euro )

Printed Solution Printed Flow Sensor is bullCheap (Normal Inkjet Printer) bullLight (few grams) bullSmall (3-4 cm)

Application

Very simple idea put the sensor inside a tube with a hydraulic flow To the passage of hydraulic flow the sensor will flex in proportion to the intensity of the flow itself by varying its electrical resistance

120549R = 0

120549R = X

Pump

Sensor SG

Hydraulic Circuit Realization

Sensors

Conditioning Acquisition Processing

Alimentation Pump

System Modeling

Pump OFF

Velocity 1

Velocity 2

Acquisition step

Mean of each step

Repeat this process for 10 acquisition

Ascending period Descending period

then average each column to obtain two Model

That I consider divide in two periods

And so onhellip

Quadratic interpolation

Ascending Model With quadratic interpolation

Descending Model With quadratic interpolation

MODEL

MODEL

Quadratic Calibration Diagram

Saturation

Static friction

Ascending Calibration diagram

Descending Calibration diagram

Why Probabily because at 4 velocity the SG sensor is maximum deform

Why Because at start SG sensor must overcome Static friction

Then reverse the interpolation equation and use the Accuracy Band to obtain

Linear Calibration Diagram with a reduced operating field

But if we working with a reduced operating range for example from velocity 1 at 4 we can use a linear interpolation to obtain linear model

SG MATRIX FOR ESTIMATION

OF DEFORMATIONS OF

KNEE PROSTHESIS INSERT

APPLICATION POINTS

1

2

3

4

5

1

2

3

4

5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

distribuzione interpolata 3D

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Stress Measurement of Prosthesys Insert Layer to Verify Reliability of materials and prosthesys health

Up to 16 Strain Gauge Sensors Miniaturization Strategy

WHY

MUX

Sensing methodology bullSG Technology bullINKJET Printing bullSilver Ink

Implementation of sperimental Set-up

As can be seen from the layout shown in the figure it was tried to obtain a structure that oppose a minimum resistance to the weight application and it had a rigid base on which to fix the power sensor matrix

Implementation of sperimental Set-up

It was necessary to test the repeatability of measurements using the SET-UP shown above because the presence of friction could have affected in a non-negligible effect on the measurements

5 different weights were used and the weight of the structure to build the following graph through 20 different measurements and were calculated by the software Matlab the standard deviation and the mean for each so as to obtain the range of uncertainty of the measurements

1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 640

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80taratura (b=2sigmak=3sigma)

misure (16)

peso

[g]

weights applied[g]

wei

ghts

me

asu

red

[g]

44 50 56 62 68 72

This study shows that the measurement results are repeatable and the maximum standard deviation is 08g In the figure the yellow line corresponds to 1σ the blue line corresponds to 2σ while the black band corresponds to 3σ (σ is the standard deviation and assuming a Gaussian distribution which is equal to the standard deviation)

PRINTED TOUCHMASS SENSOR

LOW State

HIGH State

COMPARATOR

- Low Cost Touch Device

- Weareable Electronic

WHY - Inkjet Printing - Capacitive Interdigitated Printed Sensor - Dielectric Constant Variation - Two Different Conditioning Approach

- Bridge Circuit and Voltage Amplification

- Frequency Modulation Technique

Methodology

IDT Silver Ink

Rubber Dielectric Layer

PET Substrate Protective Layer

Plexiglass Support

PET

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

SENSOR

INA111

RC BRIDGE BUFFER INSTRUM AMPLIFIER

FILTER

RECTIFIER

SENSOR

AC

AMP - +

FILTER + RECTIFIER

CIRCUIT CONDITIONING

ADC DEVICE

GUI amp ACQUISITION WORKSPACE

OSCILLOSCOPE

Printed touch sensor

Working mode

d variation

Tested sensors

Davide Mandragrave

Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge

Advantages

High sensitivity

gt 200 mV

Drawbacks

Offset

waveforms out of

phase

Davide Mandragrave

WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR

But hellip what about x

THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED

∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF

WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g

Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

Printed Heater Device

THE HEATER

The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec

From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

τ = 65 sec

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

Printed Gas Sensors

PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)

bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm

PET Substrate thickness 200um

PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um

EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS

Measurement Set-up

Page 3: Technology….. ….Inkjet Printing - DIEES - Home Page ·  · 2016-12-21Printed Electronics: Inkjet Printed Sensors Overview of Graphic Art Printing systems Why inkjet printing?

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Printed Electronics Introduction

Printed electronics is a set of printing methods

used to create electrically functional devices Paper has been often proposed to be used as substrate but due the rough surface and high humidity absorption other materials such as plastic ceramics and silicon has been applied more widely Several printing processes have been piloted and printing preferably utilizes common printing equipment in the graphics arts industry

Printed Electronics

Printed Sensors

Inkjet Wearable electronics (Active clothing)

Smart Labels (RFID+sensors)

Disposable devices (biomedical) hellip

Low CostsLow Performances

Flexible substrates

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Nearly market-ready devices Flexible OLED

SONY Flexible OLED

Organic Field-Effect Transistor (OFET) is a field effect transistor using an organic semiconductor in its channel

Flexible displays make possible a new set of interesting applications This technology is nearly ready for the market (High Costs Limited lifetime)

Barcodes are on all products today but the only significant data they contain is price To identify products individually

(for example by expiration date or other information) whatrsquos needed are

so-called intelligent labels that use RFID (radio frequency identification)

technology These radio chips which are affixed to products are opening up new possibilities in delivery inventory management and labeling especially

because they can be read from a distance

Review of Printing technologies in pillshellip

Technology Advantages Drawbacks

Screen printing several materials masks low resolution time consuming high cost production

Desktop Inkjet printers

good resolution low cost system low cost production

restricted number of conductive materials

Professional inkjet systems

high resolution several materials Low cost production

high cost system

Mixed Screen amp Inkjet printing

good resolution several materials

Mask time consuming high cost

Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania

Dip

arti

men

to d

i In

gegn

eria

Ele

ttri

ca E

lett

ron

ica

e d

ei S

iste

mi

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors All printed Electronic Circuits

All printed electronic circuits

Electronics Engineering

Chemistry

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Printed Electronics Required Skills

Physics

MEMS amp NEMS Technologies

Inks

Printing Systems

Substrates

C

H

A

L

L

E

N

G

E

S

Before entering the market various technological improvements are still needed

Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania

Dip

arti

men

to d

i In

gegn

eria

Ele

ttri

ca E

lett

ron

ica

e d

ei S

iste

mi

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Screen Printing

Keywell Table Sliding Screen Printing Machine wwwkeywell-printercom

+ Many commercial inks are available + High throughput + Thick layers can be easily obtained + Many different materials can be easiliy printed even with high viscosity - Requires high costs masks - Ink waste

Screen Printing a contact printing system

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Overview of Graphic Art Printing systems

Why inkjet printing bull + Digital non-impact printing method additive bull + All kinds of substrates

bull Rigid or flexible substrates bull Rough or smooth surfaces 3D surfaces

bull + Accurate high resolution high speed bull + Possibility for mass customization bull + Low material consumption bull + Easy to integrate with existing production lines bull + Inks for all kinds of applications

bull Printing inks bull Functional inks bullConductive inks

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Inkjet printing methods

bull Continuos Printing bull DOD (smaller drop size higher placement accuracy)

bull Thermal DOD (needs water thus restricting possible inks) bull Piezoelectric DOD (can be suited for a variety of solvents)

Continuos Printing System

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Piezoelectric Printheads

Less complex system no recirculation More energy to produce a droplet Typical rate tens of kHz Smaller drop size higher placement accuracy Low-end printer market

water 089 mPabulls xylene 093 mPabulls ethanol 107 mPabulls mercury 153 mPabulls olive oil 81x mPabulls

Acceptable range 05-40 mPabulls

Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania

Dip

arti

men

to d

i In

gegn

eria

Ele

ttri

ca E

lett

ron

ica

e d

ei S

iste

mi

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Inkjet Printing Systems

Everyday desktop printer (ie Epson) Dimatix DMP 2800

wwwdimatixcom

Microdrop inkjet system wwwmicrodropde

Litrex M-Series inkjet system wwwlitrexcom

Printing systems designed

or optimized for the application

Precision and accuracy Throughput speed and

productivity Maintenance and

reliability Electronic fluids

formulated to meet application standards

Ink jet print engine engineered for the

application Drop volume velocity

and placement control Robust and resistant to

electronic fluids High and precise drop

throw rate Wide range of substrates

and surface properties

Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania

Dip

arti

men

to d

i In

gegn

eria

Ele

ttri

ca E

lett

ron

ica

e d

ei S

iste

mi

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Printed Electronics Inks

INKS To design printed electronics one needs a number of different materials that have completely different features but need to be adjusted to each other The most important materials are

Conductors electrical conducting polymers for structures of electrodes

Semiconductors electrical semi conducting polymers for transistors and diodes

Dielectrics electrical insulating polymers to divide between semi-conducting and conducting layers

Functional a polymer whose properties are function of some physical quantities of interest

Conductive Polymers

Metal Particle Inks

Conductors

There are only few commercially available inks suitable for inkjet printing Often custom inks formulation are required

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Conductive polymers PEDOTPSS

The PEDOTPSS in ldquoourrdquo language It is an organic polymer that conduces electricity It is commercially available as a dispersion in water (typically at 1-3 wt solids) (Sigma AldrichHC StarckBayerAGFA etc)

It is compatible with inkjet printing after simple pre-processing (dilutionfiltering)

Baytron P from Bayer main Characteristics Solid content 12 ndash 14 Viscosity 60 ndash 100 mPas (olive oil = 81 mPas) It probably needs to be diluted (20 mPas)

pH-value 15 ndash 25 Conductivity max 10 Scm (depending on the type of coating formulation) Density at 20 degC 1003 gcm^3 Mean particle size approx 80 nm (filtering to avoid nozzles clogging) Surf tension at 20 degC 71 mNm (that will determine the adhesion)

3cm

02cm 01mm

RPEDOTPSS = 150 Ω RCOPPER = 025 μΩ

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Conductive polymers PANI

PANI or Polyaniline

is a conducting polymer Although it was discovered over 150 years ago only recently has polyaniline captured the attention of the scientific community due to the discovery of its high electrical conductivity Sigma Aldrich (650013) ndash PANI main properties

Concentration 2-3 wt (dispersion in xylene) Particle size lt 400 nm Conductivity 10-20 Scm (film) Viscosity 3 mPas Density 09 gml 25 degC

It has an acidbase doping response that allows polyaniline to be used in chemical vapor

sensors

We will use it as a functional polymer (gas sensors)

Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Conductive Polymers Vs Metal Particle Inks

Features Conductive Polymers Metal particle inks

Price 400 eurokg 5000 ndash 10000 eurokg

Conductivity Low (10 Scm typical) High (gt 10 kScm)

Cure temperature Low (50 ndash 100 degC) High (300 ndash 500 degC)

Preprocessing DilutionFiltering None

Adhesion Medium-Low Very good

Compatibility Good performances even with common desktop printer printheads

Only dedicated Piezoelectric Printheads

Availability Few general purpose dispersions

Many different commercial inks application specific

Conductive Polymers

Metal Particle Inks

VS

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Metal Particle inks

Price 5000 ndash 10000 eurokg

Cabot - CCI 300 httpwwwcabot-corpcom

A functioning 950 MHz RFID tag with Spectra SE128 printed antenna

Inkjet printed test pattern demonstrated on variety of substrates

1048707 Paper PET PEN 1048707 FR4 polyimide 1048707 Display glass ITO coated glass Si

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 13

Printer Epson Stylus color 480 SXU Plates PEDOTPSS (Bayer - Baytron P) Dielectric PBPDA-PD from Aldrich (PI after heating) R = 17 MΩ C = 50 pF τ = 085 ms

All-polymer capacitor fabricated with inkjet printing technique Yi Liu Tianhong Cui Kody Varahramyan

Institute for Micromanufacturing Louisiana Tech University 911 Hergot Avenue PO Box 10137 Ruston LA 71272 USA Received 17 November 2002 received in revised form 28 January 2003 accepted 31 January 2003

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 23

Printer Microdrop Ink PEDOTPSS (Clevios PH 500)

Inkjet Printing of Microsensors Hussein Al-Chami Student Member IEEE and Edmond Cretu Member IEEE

Department of Electrical amp Computer Engineering University of British Columbia Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 33

Process Screen printing for the electrodes and inkjet (Dimatix) for the PANI Ink Silver nanoparticles (Acheson) + custom prepared PANI ink

Fabrication of chemical sensors using inkjet printing and application to gas detection Karl Crowley Aoife Morrin Malcolm R Smyth Anthony J Killard

Sensors and Separations Group School of Chemical Sciences National Centre for Sensor Research Dublin City University Dublin 9 Ireland

Evolution of inkjet printed droplet of nanoPANI solution over time

Real device

LAYOUT

Substrate membrane

Resistive sensor Final device

Printed SensorsDIEEI Resistive Pressure sensors

Exp

erim

en

tal

set-

up

Bottom electrode Oring Top Electrode

L

A

Y

O

U

T

Real device

Printed SensorsDIEEI Capacitive Pressure sensors

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8-01

0

01

02

03

Tempo (s)

Pre

ssio

ne

(P

a)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8-05

0

05

1

15

Tempo (s)

Vo

ut (V

)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

-10

0

10

Tempo (s)

Se

nsib

ilitagrave

(V

Pa

)

Time (s)

Time (s)

Pre

ssu

re (

Pa)

L= half-width from strain gauges to the point where it enters the mass b= basic support h= thick paper E= module of Young

2

6

Ebh

FLmgF

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

An experimental set-up was realized for the device characterization which exploits the following relationship between an applied load and the strain

l= 2 s=t= 004

l= 2 s=t= 004

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

Device

number

Width Tracks(m) Spacing (m) Device Leght(cm)

1 300 300 1

2 300 300 15

3 300 300 2

4 400 400 1

5 400 400 15

6 400 400 2

7 200 200 15

8 200 200 1

9 200 200 2

10 100 100 1

11 100 100 15

12 100 100 2

Device Leght(cm)

Tracks Width (m)

Spacing ( m)

DR R0 = G ( dl l ) = G

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

LAYOUT

Strain Gauges have been realized by inkjet printing techniques implemented through bulla nano-Silver ink bulla commercial printer and a silver ink

Metalonreg JS-B15P Water-based nano-Silver ink These components are electrically conductive inks designed to produce circuits on porous substrates such as paper and treated polymer films including NoveleTM IJ-220 coated PET JS-B15P ink is specially formulated for stability for piezo-ink jet printing methods

Printed SensorsDIEEI Technologies

An analysis of the Active areas by a optical microscope revealed a minimum spatial resolution of 200 μm (track width and spcing)

Below 200 μm

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

Over 200 μm

Electron microscopy (SEM) images of the silver layer deposited on the device The structure of the silver tracks is quite homogeneous at the inspected scales and an approximate thickness of 190 microm has been estimated

(b)

A dedicated socket was realized to provide electrical contacts

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

PEDOTPSS + GRAPHENE

ZnO

PEDOT PANI GRAPHENE ZnO

Cl2 X

CH4 X X

CO X X

CO2 X X

H2 X

H2S X

NO X

NO2 X X X

NH3 X X X

- Low Cost Tecnology - Commercial Printers - Good Resolution - Fast Prototyping - A lot of Printable Materials

SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy

Development of low cost devices integrated into non-linear bistable flexible system

bull Bistable flexible PET beam (switches harvesters hellip)

bull Study and exploit the device dynamics

bull Low cost solutions for strain measurements electrodes and other passive structureshelliphellip

helliphellipinkjet printing

Non linear beamDIEEI Sensor LAB

End Set-up

SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy

Linear resonant devices bull Perform well when excited at their mechanical resonance bull Large sizes and masses are required at low frequencies bull Poor efficiency far from resonant operations

Non linear devices bull Overcome linear resonant devices limits bull Allow for scavenging a significant amount of energy from signals in a wide range of low frequencies

Non linear beam DIEEI Sensor LAB

End Set-up

There are many tools that can measure the flow but all of this are Commercial Devices bull large (8-10 cm or more) bull heavy (hundreds of grams) bull expensive ( 30 euro ndash 200 euro )

Printed Solution Printed Flow Sensor is bullCheap (Normal Inkjet Printer) bullLight (few grams) bullSmall (3-4 cm)

Application

Very simple idea put the sensor inside a tube with a hydraulic flow To the passage of hydraulic flow the sensor will flex in proportion to the intensity of the flow itself by varying its electrical resistance

120549R = 0

120549R = X

Pump

Sensor SG

Hydraulic Circuit Realization

Sensors

Conditioning Acquisition Processing

Alimentation Pump

System Modeling

Pump OFF

Velocity 1

Velocity 2

Acquisition step

Mean of each step

Repeat this process for 10 acquisition

Ascending period Descending period

then average each column to obtain two Model

That I consider divide in two periods

And so onhellip

Quadratic interpolation

Ascending Model With quadratic interpolation

Descending Model With quadratic interpolation

MODEL

MODEL

Quadratic Calibration Diagram

Saturation

Static friction

Ascending Calibration diagram

Descending Calibration diagram

Why Probabily because at 4 velocity the SG sensor is maximum deform

Why Because at start SG sensor must overcome Static friction

Then reverse the interpolation equation and use the Accuracy Band to obtain

Linear Calibration Diagram with a reduced operating field

But if we working with a reduced operating range for example from velocity 1 at 4 we can use a linear interpolation to obtain linear model

SG MATRIX FOR ESTIMATION

OF DEFORMATIONS OF

KNEE PROSTHESIS INSERT

APPLICATION POINTS

1

2

3

4

5

1

2

3

4

5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

distribuzione interpolata 3D

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Stress Measurement of Prosthesys Insert Layer to Verify Reliability of materials and prosthesys health

Up to 16 Strain Gauge Sensors Miniaturization Strategy

WHY

MUX

Sensing methodology bullSG Technology bullINKJET Printing bullSilver Ink

Implementation of sperimental Set-up

As can be seen from the layout shown in the figure it was tried to obtain a structure that oppose a minimum resistance to the weight application and it had a rigid base on which to fix the power sensor matrix

Implementation of sperimental Set-up

It was necessary to test the repeatability of measurements using the SET-UP shown above because the presence of friction could have affected in a non-negligible effect on the measurements

5 different weights were used and the weight of the structure to build the following graph through 20 different measurements and were calculated by the software Matlab the standard deviation and the mean for each so as to obtain the range of uncertainty of the measurements

1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 640

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80taratura (b=2sigmak=3sigma)

misure (16)

peso

[g]

weights applied[g]

wei

ghts

me

asu

red

[g]

44 50 56 62 68 72

This study shows that the measurement results are repeatable and the maximum standard deviation is 08g In the figure the yellow line corresponds to 1σ the blue line corresponds to 2σ while the black band corresponds to 3σ (σ is the standard deviation and assuming a Gaussian distribution which is equal to the standard deviation)

PRINTED TOUCHMASS SENSOR

LOW State

HIGH State

COMPARATOR

- Low Cost Touch Device

- Weareable Electronic

WHY - Inkjet Printing - Capacitive Interdigitated Printed Sensor - Dielectric Constant Variation - Two Different Conditioning Approach

- Bridge Circuit and Voltage Amplification

- Frequency Modulation Technique

Methodology

IDT Silver Ink

Rubber Dielectric Layer

PET Substrate Protective Layer

Plexiglass Support

PET

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

SENSOR

INA111

RC BRIDGE BUFFER INSTRUM AMPLIFIER

FILTER

RECTIFIER

SENSOR

AC

AMP - +

FILTER + RECTIFIER

CIRCUIT CONDITIONING

ADC DEVICE

GUI amp ACQUISITION WORKSPACE

OSCILLOSCOPE

Printed touch sensor

Working mode

d variation

Tested sensors

Davide Mandragrave

Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge

Advantages

High sensitivity

gt 200 mV

Drawbacks

Offset

waveforms out of

phase

Davide Mandragrave

WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR

But hellip what about x

THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED

∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF

WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g

Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

Printed Heater Device

THE HEATER

The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec

From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

τ = 65 sec

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

Printed Gas Sensors

PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)

bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm

PET Substrate thickness 200um

PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um

EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS

Measurement Set-up

Page 4: Technology….. ….Inkjet Printing - DIEES - Home Page ·  · 2016-12-21Printed Electronics: Inkjet Printed Sensors Overview of Graphic Art Printing systems Why inkjet printing?

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Nearly market-ready devices Flexible OLED

SONY Flexible OLED

Organic Field-Effect Transistor (OFET) is a field effect transistor using an organic semiconductor in its channel

Flexible displays make possible a new set of interesting applications This technology is nearly ready for the market (High Costs Limited lifetime)

Barcodes are on all products today but the only significant data they contain is price To identify products individually

(for example by expiration date or other information) whatrsquos needed are

so-called intelligent labels that use RFID (radio frequency identification)

technology These radio chips which are affixed to products are opening up new possibilities in delivery inventory management and labeling especially

because they can be read from a distance

Review of Printing technologies in pillshellip

Technology Advantages Drawbacks

Screen printing several materials masks low resolution time consuming high cost production

Desktop Inkjet printers

good resolution low cost system low cost production

restricted number of conductive materials

Professional inkjet systems

high resolution several materials Low cost production

high cost system

Mixed Screen amp Inkjet printing

good resolution several materials

Mask time consuming high cost

Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania

Dip

arti

men

to d

i In

gegn

eria

Ele

ttri

ca E

lett

ron

ica

e d

ei S

iste

mi

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors All printed Electronic Circuits

All printed electronic circuits

Electronics Engineering

Chemistry

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Printed Electronics Required Skills

Physics

MEMS amp NEMS Technologies

Inks

Printing Systems

Substrates

C

H

A

L

L

E

N

G

E

S

Before entering the market various technological improvements are still needed

Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania

Dip

arti

men

to d

i In

gegn

eria

Ele

ttri

ca E

lett

ron

ica

e d

ei S

iste

mi

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Screen Printing

Keywell Table Sliding Screen Printing Machine wwwkeywell-printercom

+ Many commercial inks are available + High throughput + Thick layers can be easily obtained + Many different materials can be easiliy printed even with high viscosity - Requires high costs masks - Ink waste

Screen Printing a contact printing system

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Overview of Graphic Art Printing systems

Why inkjet printing bull + Digital non-impact printing method additive bull + All kinds of substrates

bull Rigid or flexible substrates bull Rough or smooth surfaces 3D surfaces

bull + Accurate high resolution high speed bull + Possibility for mass customization bull + Low material consumption bull + Easy to integrate with existing production lines bull + Inks for all kinds of applications

bull Printing inks bull Functional inks bullConductive inks

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Inkjet printing methods

bull Continuos Printing bull DOD (smaller drop size higher placement accuracy)

bull Thermal DOD (needs water thus restricting possible inks) bull Piezoelectric DOD (can be suited for a variety of solvents)

Continuos Printing System

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Piezoelectric Printheads

Less complex system no recirculation More energy to produce a droplet Typical rate tens of kHz Smaller drop size higher placement accuracy Low-end printer market

water 089 mPabulls xylene 093 mPabulls ethanol 107 mPabulls mercury 153 mPabulls olive oil 81x mPabulls

Acceptable range 05-40 mPabulls

Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania

Dip

arti

men

to d

i In

gegn

eria

Ele

ttri

ca E

lett

ron

ica

e d

ei S

iste

mi

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Inkjet Printing Systems

Everyday desktop printer (ie Epson) Dimatix DMP 2800

wwwdimatixcom

Microdrop inkjet system wwwmicrodropde

Litrex M-Series inkjet system wwwlitrexcom

Printing systems designed

or optimized for the application

Precision and accuracy Throughput speed and

productivity Maintenance and

reliability Electronic fluids

formulated to meet application standards

Ink jet print engine engineered for the

application Drop volume velocity

and placement control Robust and resistant to

electronic fluids High and precise drop

throw rate Wide range of substrates

and surface properties

Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania

Dip

arti

men

to d

i In

gegn

eria

Ele

ttri

ca E

lett

ron

ica

e d

ei S

iste

mi

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Printed Electronics Inks

INKS To design printed electronics one needs a number of different materials that have completely different features but need to be adjusted to each other The most important materials are

Conductors electrical conducting polymers for structures of electrodes

Semiconductors electrical semi conducting polymers for transistors and diodes

Dielectrics electrical insulating polymers to divide between semi-conducting and conducting layers

Functional a polymer whose properties are function of some physical quantities of interest

Conductive Polymers

Metal Particle Inks

Conductors

There are only few commercially available inks suitable for inkjet printing Often custom inks formulation are required

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Conductive polymers PEDOTPSS

The PEDOTPSS in ldquoourrdquo language It is an organic polymer that conduces electricity It is commercially available as a dispersion in water (typically at 1-3 wt solids) (Sigma AldrichHC StarckBayerAGFA etc)

It is compatible with inkjet printing after simple pre-processing (dilutionfiltering)

Baytron P from Bayer main Characteristics Solid content 12 ndash 14 Viscosity 60 ndash 100 mPas (olive oil = 81 mPas) It probably needs to be diluted (20 mPas)

pH-value 15 ndash 25 Conductivity max 10 Scm (depending on the type of coating formulation) Density at 20 degC 1003 gcm^3 Mean particle size approx 80 nm (filtering to avoid nozzles clogging) Surf tension at 20 degC 71 mNm (that will determine the adhesion)

3cm

02cm 01mm

RPEDOTPSS = 150 Ω RCOPPER = 025 μΩ

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Conductive polymers PANI

PANI or Polyaniline

is a conducting polymer Although it was discovered over 150 years ago only recently has polyaniline captured the attention of the scientific community due to the discovery of its high electrical conductivity Sigma Aldrich (650013) ndash PANI main properties

Concentration 2-3 wt (dispersion in xylene) Particle size lt 400 nm Conductivity 10-20 Scm (film) Viscosity 3 mPas Density 09 gml 25 degC

It has an acidbase doping response that allows polyaniline to be used in chemical vapor

sensors

We will use it as a functional polymer (gas sensors)

Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Conductive Polymers Vs Metal Particle Inks

Features Conductive Polymers Metal particle inks

Price 400 eurokg 5000 ndash 10000 eurokg

Conductivity Low (10 Scm typical) High (gt 10 kScm)

Cure temperature Low (50 ndash 100 degC) High (300 ndash 500 degC)

Preprocessing DilutionFiltering None

Adhesion Medium-Low Very good

Compatibility Good performances even with common desktop printer printheads

Only dedicated Piezoelectric Printheads

Availability Few general purpose dispersions

Many different commercial inks application specific

Conductive Polymers

Metal Particle Inks

VS

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Metal Particle inks

Price 5000 ndash 10000 eurokg

Cabot - CCI 300 httpwwwcabot-corpcom

A functioning 950 MHz RFID tag with Spectra SE128 printed antenna

Inkjet printed test pattern demonstrated on variety of substrates

1048707 Paper PET PEN 1048707 FR4 polyimide 1048707 Display glass ITO coated glass Si

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 13

Printer Epson Stylus color 480 SXU Plates PEDOTPSS (Bayer - Baytron P) Dielectric PBPDA-PD from Aldrich (PI after heating) R = 17 MΩ C = 50 pF τ = 085 ms

All-polymer capacitor fabricated with inkjet printing technique Yi Liu Tianhong Cui Kody Varahramyan

Institute for Micromanufacturing Louisiana Tech University 911 Hergot Avenue PO Box 10137 Ruston LA 71272 USA Received 17 November 2002 received in revised form 28 January 2003 accepted 31 January 2003

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 23

Printer Microdrop Ink PEDOTPSS (Clevios PH 500)

Inkjet Printing of Microsensors Hussein Al-Chami Student Member IEEE and Edmond Cretu Member IEEE

Department of Electrical amp Computer Engineering University of British Columbia Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 33

Process Screen printing for the electrodes and inkjet (Dimatix) for the PANI Ink Silver nanoparticles (Acheson) + custom prepared PANI ink

Fabrication of chemical sensors using inkjet printing and application to gas detection Karl Crowley Aoife Morrin Malcolm R Smyth Anthony J Killard

Sensors and Separations Group School of Chemical Sciences National Centre for Sensor Research Dublin City University Dublin 9 Ireland

Evolution of inkjet printed droplet of nanoPANI solution over time

Real device

LAYOUT

Substrate membrane

Resistive sensor Final device

Printed SensorsDIEEI Resistive Pressure sensors

Exp

erim

en

tal

set-

up

Bottom electrode Oring Top Electrode

L

A

Y

O

U

T

Real device

Printed SensorsDIEEI Capacitive Pressure sensors

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8-01

0

01

02

03

Tempo (s)

Pre

ssio

ne

(P

a)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8-05

0

05

1

15

Tempo (s)

Vo

ut (V

)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

-10

0

10

Tempo (s)

Se

nsib

ilitagrave

(V

Pa

)

Time (s)

Time (s)

Pre

ssu

re (

Pa)

L= half-width from strain gauges to the point where it enters the mass b= basic support h= thick paper E= module of Young

2

6

Ebh

FLmgF

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

An experimental set-up was realized for the device characterization which exploits the following relationship between an applied load and the strain

l= 2 s=t= 004

l= 2 s=t= 004

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

Device

number

Width Tracks(m) Spacing (m) Device Leght(cm)

1 300 300 1

2 300 300 15

3 300 300 2

4 400 400 1

5 400 400 15

6 400 400 2

7 200 200 15

8 200 200 1

9 200 200 2

10 100 100 1

11 100 100 15

12 100 100 2

Device Leght(cm)

Tracks Width (m)

Spacing ( m)

DR R0 = G ( dl l ) = G

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

LAYOUT

Strain Gauges have been realized by inkjet printing techniques implemented through bulla nano-Silver ink bulla commercial printer and a silver ink

Metalonreg JS-B15P Water-based nano-Silver ink These components are electrically conductive inks designed to produce circuits on porous substrates such as paper and treated polymer films including NoveleTM IJ-220 coated PET JS-B15P ink is specially formulated for stability for piezo-ink jet printing methods

Printed SensorsDIEEI Technologies

An analysis of the Active areas by a optical microscope revealed a minimum spatial resolution of 200 μm (track width and spcing)

Below 200 μm

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

Over 200 μm

Electron microscopy (SEM) images of the silver layer deposited on the device The structure of the silver tracks is quite homogeneous at the inspected scales and an approximate thickness of 190 microm has been estimated

(b)

A dedicated socket was realized to provide electrical contacts

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

PEDOTPSS + GRAPHENE

ZnO

PEDOT PANI GRAPHENE ZnO

Cl2 X

CH4 X X

CO X X

CO2 X X

H2 X

H2S X

NO X

NO2 X X X

NH3 X X X

- Low Cost Tecnology - Commercial Printers - Good Resolution - Fast Prototyping - A lot of Printable Materials

SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy

Development of low cost devices integrated into non-linear bistable flexible system

bull Bistable flexible PET beam (switches harvesters hellip)

bull Study and exploit the device dynamics

bull Low cost solutions for strain measurements electrodes and other passive structureshelliphellip

helliphellipinkjet printing

Non linear beamDIEEI Sensor LAB

End Set-up

SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy

Linear resonant devices bull Perform well when excited at their mechanical resonance bull Large sizes and masses are required at low frequencies bull Poor efficiency far from resonant operations

Non linear devices bull Overcome linear resonant devices limits bull Allow for scavenging a significant amount of energy from signals in a wide range of low frequencies

Non linear beam DIEEI Sensor LAB

End Set-up

There are many tools that can measure the flow but all of this are Commercial Devices bull large (8-10 cm or more) bull heavy (hundreds of grams) bull expensive ( 30 euro ndash 200 euro )

Printed Solution Printed Flow Sensor is bullCheap (Normal Inkjet Printer) bullLight (few grams) bullSmall (3-4 cm)

Application

Very simple idea put the sensor inside a tube with a hydraulic flow To the passage of hydraulic flow the sensor will flex in proportion to the intensity of the flow itself by varying its electrical resistance

120549R = 0

120549R = X

Pump

Sensor SG

Hydraulic Circuit Realization

Sensors

Conditioning Acquisition Processing

Alimentation Pump

System Modeling

Pump OFF

Velocity 1

Velocity 2

Acquisition step

Mean of each step

Repeat this process for 10 acquisition

Ascending period Descending period

then average each column to obtain two Model

That I consider divide in two periods

And so onhellip

Quadratic interpolation

Ascending Model With quadratic interpolation

Descending Model With quadratic interpolation

MODEL

MODEL

Quadratic Calibration Diagram

Saturation

Static friction

Ascending Calibration diagram

Descending Calibration diagram

Why Probabily because at 4 velocity the SG sensor is maximum deform

Why Because at start SG sensor must overcome Static friction

Then reverse the interpolation equation and use the Accuracy Band to obtain

Linear Calibration Diagram with a reduced operating field

But if we working with a reduced operating range for example from velocity 1 at 4 we can use a linear interpolation to obtain linear model

SG MATRIX FOR ESTIMATION

OF DEFORMATIONS OF

KNEE PROSTHESIS INSERT

APPLICATION POINTS

1

2

3

4

5

1

2

3

4

5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

distribuzione interpolata 3D

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Stress Measurement of Prosthesys Insert Layer to Verify Reliability of materials and prosthesys health

Up to 16 Strain Gauge Sensors Miniaturization Strategy

WHY

MUX

Sensing methodology bullSG Technology bullINKJET Printing bullSilver Ink

Implementation of sperimental Set-up

As can be seen from the layout shown in the figure it was tried to obtain a structure that oppose a minimum resistance to the weight application and it had a rigid base on which to fix the power sensor matrix

Implementation of sperimental Set-up

It was necessary to test the repeatability of measurements using the SET-UP shown above because the presence of friction could have affected in a non-negligible effect on the measurements

5 different weights were used and the weight of the structure to build the following graph through 20 different measurements and were calculated by the software Matlab the standard deviation and the mean for each so as to obtain the range of uncertainty of the measurements

1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 640

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80taratura (b=2sigmak=3sigma)

misure (16)

peso

[g]

weights applied[g]

wei

ghts

me

asu

red

[g]

44 50 56 62 68 72

This study shows that the measurement results are repeatable and the maximum standard deviation is 08g In the figure the yellow line corresponds to 1σ the blue line corresponds to 2σ while the black band corresponds to 3σ (σ is the standard deviation and assuming a Gaussian distribution which is equal to the standard deviation)

PRINTED TOUCHMASS SENSOR

LOW State

HIGH State

COMPARATOR

- Low Cost Touch Device

- Weareable Electronic

WHY - Inkjet Printing - Capacitive Interdigitated Printed Sensor - Dielectric Constant Variation - Two Different Conditioning Approach

- Bridge Circuit and Voltage Amplification

- Frequency Modulation Technique

Methodology

IDT Silver Ink

Rubber Dielectric Layer

PET Substrate Protective Layer

Plexiglass Support

PET

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

SENSOR

INA111

RC BRIDGE BUFFER INSTRUM AMPLIFIER

FILTER

RECTIFIER

SENSOR

AC

AMP - +

FILTER + RECTIFIER

CIRCUIT CONDITIONING

ADC DEVICE

GUI amp ACQUISITION WORKSPACE

OSCILLOSCOPE

Printed touch sensor

Working mode

d variation

Tested sensors

Davide Mandragrave

Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge

Advantages

High sensitivity

gt 200 mV

Drawbacks

Offset

waveforms out of

phase

Davide Mandragrave

WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR

But hellip what about x

THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED

∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF

WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g

Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

Printed Heater Device

THE HEATER

The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec

From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

τ = 65 sec

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

Printed Gas Sensors

PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)

bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm

PET Substrate thickness 200um

PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um

EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS

Measurement Set-up

Page 5: Technology….. ….Inkjet Printing - DIEES - Home Page ·  · 2016-12-21Printed Electronics: Inkjet Printed Sensors Overview of Graphic Art Printing systems Why inkjet printing?

Review of Printing technologies in pillshellip

Technology Advantages Drawbacks

Screen printing several materials masks low resolution time consuming high cost production

Desktop Inkjet printers

good resolution low cost system low cost production

restricted number of conductive materials

Professional inkjet systems

high resolution several materials Low cost production

high cost system

Mixed Screen amp Inkjet printing

good resolution several materials

Mask time consuming high cost

Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania

Dip

arti

men

to d

i In

gegn

eria

Ele

ttri

ca E

lett

ron

ica

e d

ei S

iste

mi

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors All printed Electronic Circuits

All printed electronic circuits

Electronics Engineering

Chemistry

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Printed Electronics Required Skills

Physics

MEMS amp NEMS Technologies

Inks

Printing Systems

Substrates

C

H

A

L

L

E

N

G

E

S

Before entering the market various technological improvements are still needed

Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania

Dip

arti

men

to d

i In

gegn

eria

Ele

ttri

ca E

lett

ron

ica

e d

ei S

iste

mi

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Screen Printing

Keywell Table Sliding Screen Printing Machine wwwkeywell-printercom

+ Many commercial inks are available + High throughput + Thick layers can be easily obtained + Many different materials can be easiliy printed even with high viscosity - Requires high costs masks - Ink waste

Screen Printing a contact printing system

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Overview of Graphic Art Printing systems

Why inkjet printing bull + Digital non-impact printing method additive bull + All kinds of substrates

bull Rigid or flexible substrates bull Rough or smooth surfaces 3D surfaces

bull + Accurate high resolution high speed bull + Possibility for mass customization bull + Low material consumption bull + Easy to integrate with existing production lines bull + Inks for all kinds of applications

bull Printing inks bull Functional inks bullConductive inks

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Inkjet printing methods

bull Continuos Printing bull DOD (smaller drop size higher placement accuracy)

bull Thermal DOD (needs water thus restricting possible inks) bull Piezoelectric DOD (can be suited for a variety of solvents)

Continuos Printing System

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Piezoelectric Printheads

Less complex system no recirculation More energy to produce a droplet Typical rate tens of kHz Smaller drop size higher placement accuracy Low-end printer market

water 089 mPabulls xylene 093 mPabulls ethanol 107 mPabulls mercury 153 mPabulls olive oil 81x mPabulls

Acceptable range 05-40 mPabulls

Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania

Dip

arti

men

to d

i In

gegn

eria

Ele

ttri

ca E

lett

ron

ica

e d

ei S

iste

mi

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Inkjet Printing Systems

Everyday desktop printer (ie Epson) Dimatix DMP 2800

wwwdimatixcom

Microdrop inkjet system wwwmicrodropde

Litrex M-Series inkjet system wwwlitrexcom

Printing systems designed

or optimized for the application

Precision and accuracy Throughput speed and

productivity Maintenance and

reliability Electronic fluids

formulated to meet application standards

Ink jet print engine engineered for the

application Drop volume velocity

and placement control Robust and resistant to

electronic fluids High and precise drop

throw rate Wide range of substrates

and surface properties

Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania

Dip

arti

men

to d

i In

gegn

eria

Ele

ttri

ca E

lett

ron

ica

e d

ei S

iste

mi

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Printed Electronics Inks

INKS To design printed electronics one needs a number of different materials that have completely different features but need to be adjusted to each other The most important materials are

Conductors electrical conducting polymers for structures of electrodes

Semiconductors electrical semi conducting polymers for transistors and diodes

Dielectrics electrical insulating polymers to divide between semi-conducting and conducting layers

Functional a polymer whose properties are function of some physical quantities of interest

Conductive Polymers

Metal Particle Inks

Conductors

There are only few commercially available inks suitable for inkjet printing Often custom inks formulation are required

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Conductive polymers PEDOTPSS

The PEDOTPSS in ldquoourrdquo language It is an organic polymer that conduces electricity It is commercially available as a dispersion in water (typically at 1-3 wt solids) (Sigma AldrichHC StarckBayerAGFA etc)

It is compatible with inkjet printing after simple pre-processing (dilutionfiltering)

Baytron P from Bayer main Characteristics Solid content 12 ndash 14 Viscosity 60 ndash 100 mPas (olive oil = 81 mPas) It probably needs to be diluted (20 mPas)

pH-value 15 ndash 25 Conductivity max 10 Scm (depending on the type of coating formulation) Density at 20 degC 1003 gcm^3 Mean particle size approx 80 nm (filtering to avoid nozzles clogging) Surf tension at 20 degC 71 mNm (that will determine the adhesion)

3cm

02cm 01mm

RPEDOTPSS = 150 Ω RCOPPER = 025 μΩ

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Conductive polymers PANI

PANI or Polyaniline

is a conducting polymer Although it was discovered over 150 years ago only recently has polyaniline captured the attention of the scientific community due to the discovery of its high electrical conductivity Sigma Aldrich (650013) ndash PANI main properties

Concentration 2-3 wt (dispersion in xylene) Particle size lt 400 nm Conductivity 10-20 Scm (film) Viscosity 3 mPas Density 09 gml 25 degC

It has an acidbase doping response that allows polyaniline to be used in chemical vapor

sensors

We will use it as a functional polymer (gas sensors)

Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Conductive Polymers Vs Metal Particle Inks

Features Conductive Polymers Metal particle inks

Price 400 eurokg 5000 ndash 10000 eurokg

Conductivity Low (10 Scm typical) High (gt 10 kScm)

Cure temperature Low (50 ndash 100 degC) High (300 ndash 500 degC)

Preprocessing DilutionFiltering None

Adhesion Medium-Low Very good

Compatibility Good performances even with common desktop printer printheads

Only dedicated Piezoelectric Printheads

Availability Few general purpose dispersions

Many different commercial inks application specific

Conductive Polymers

Metal Particle Inks

VS

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Metal Particle inks

Price 5000 ndash 10000 eurokg

Cabot - CCI 300 httpwwwcabot-corpcom

A functioning 950 MHz RFID tag with Spectra SE128 printed antenna

Inkjet printed test pattern demonstrated on variety of substrates

1048707 Paper PET PEN 1048707 FR4 polyimide 1048707 Display glass ITO coated glass Si

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 13

Printer Epson Stylus color 480 SXU Plates PEDOTPSS (Bayer - Baytron P) Dielectric PBPDA-PD from Aldrich (PI after heating) R = 17 MΩ C = 50 pF τ = 085 ms

All-polymer capacitor fabricated with inkjet printing technique Yi Liu Tianhong Cui Kody Varahramyan

Institute for Micromanufacturing Louisiana Tech University 911 Hergot Avenue PO Box 10137 Ruston LA 71272 USA Received 17 November 2002 received in revised form 28 January 2003 accepted 31 January 2003

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 23

Printer Microdrop Ink PEDOTPSS (Clevios PH 500)

Inkjet Printing of Microsensors Hussein Al-Chami Student Member IEEE and Edmond Cretu Member IEEE

Department of Electrical amp Computer Engineering University of British Columbia Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 33

Process Screen printing for the electrodes and inkjet (Dimatix) for the PANI Ink Silver nanoparticles (Acheson) + custom prepared PANI ink

Fabrication of chemical sensors using inkjet printing and application to gas detection Karl Crowley Aoife Morrin Malcolm R Smyth Anthony J Killard

Sensors and Separations Group School of Chemical Sciences National Centre for Sensor Research Dublin City University Dublin 9 Ireland

Evolution of inkjet printed droplet of nanoPANI solution over time

Real device

LAYOUT

Substrate membrane

Resistive sensor Final device

Printed SensorsDIEEI Resistive Pressure sensors

Exp

erim

en

tal

set-

up

Bottom electrode Oring Top Electrode

L

A

Y

O

U

T

Real device

Printed SensorsDIEEI Capacitive Pressure sensors

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8-01

0

01

02

03

Tempo (s)

Pre

ssio

ne

(P

a)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8-05

0

05

1

15

Tempo (s)

Vo

ut (V

)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

-10

0

10

Tempo (s)

Se

nsib

ilitagrave

(V

Pa

)

Time (s)

Time (s)

Pre

ssu

re (

Pa)

L= half-width from strain gauges to the point where it enters the mass b= basic support h= thick paper E= module of Young

2

6

Ebh

FLmgF

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

An experimental set-up was realized for the device characterization which exploits the following relationship between an applied load and the strain

l= 2 s=t= 004

l= 2 s=t= 004

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

Device

number

Width Tracks(m) Spacing (m) Device Leght(cm)

1 300 300 1

2 300 300 15

3 300 300 2

4 400 400 1

5 400 400 15

6 400 400 2

7 200 200 15

8 200 200 1

9 200 200 2

10 100 100 1

11 100 100 15

12 100 100 2

Device Leght(cm)

Tracks Width (m)

Spacing ( m)

DR R0 = G ( dl l ) = G

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

LAYOUT

Strain Gauges have been realized by inkjet printing techniques implemented through bulla nano-Silver ink bulla commercial printer and a silver ink

Metalonreg JS-B15P Water-based nano-Silver ink These components are electrically conductive inks designed to produce circuits on porous substrates such as paper and treated polymer films including NoveleTM IJ-220 coated PET JS-B15P ink is specially formulated for stability for piezo-ink jet printing methods

Printed SensorsDIEEI Technologies

An analysis of the Active areas by a optical microscope revealed a minimum spatial resolution of 200 μm (track width and spcing)

Below 200 μm

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

Over 200 μm

Electron microscopy (SEM) images of the silver layer deposited on the device The structure of the silver tracks is quite homogeneous at the inspected scales and an approximate thickness of 190 microm has been estimated

(b)

A dedicated socket was realized to provide electrical contacts

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

PEDOTPSS + GRAPHENE

ZnO

PEDOT PANI GRAPHENE ZnO

Cl2 X

CH4 X X

CO X X

CO2 X X

H2 X

H2S X

NO X

NO2 X X X

NH3 X X X

- Low Cost Tecnology - Commercial Printers - Good Resolution - Fast Prototyping - A lot of Printable Materials

SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy

Development of low cost devices integrated into non-linear bistable flexible system

bull Bistable flexible PET beam (switches harvesters hellip)

bull Study and exploit the device dynamics

bull Low cost solutions for strain measurements electrodes and other passive structureshelliphellip

helliphellipinkjet printing

Non linear beamDIEEI Sensor LAB

End Set-up

SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy

Linear resonant devices bull Perform well when excited at their mechanical resonance bull Large sizes and masses are required at low frequencies bull Poor efficiency far from resonant operations

Non linear devices bull Overcome linear resonant devices limits bull Allow for scavenging a significant amount of energy from signals in a wide range of low frequencies

Non linear beam DIEEI Sensor LAB

End Set-up

There are many tools that can measure the flow but all of this are Commercial Devices bull large (8-10 cm or more) bull heavy (hundreds of grams) bull expensive ( 30 euro ndash 200 euro )

Printed Solution Printed Flow Sensor is bullCheap (Normal Inkjet Printer) bullLight (few grams) bullSmall (3-4 cm)

Application

Very simple idea put the sensor inside a tube with a hydraulic flow To the passage of hydraulic flow the sensor will flex in proportion to the intensity of the flow itself by varying its electrical resistance

120549R = 0

120549R = X

Pump

Sensor SG

Hydraulic Circuit Realization

Sensors

Conditioning Acquisition Processing

Alimentation Pump

System Modeling

Pump OFF

Velocity 1

Velocity 2

Acquisition step

Mean of each step

Repeat this process for 10 acquisition

Ascending period Descending period

then average each column to obtain two Model

That I consider divide in two periods

And so onhellip

Quadratic interpolation

Ascending Model With quadratic interpolation

Descending Model With quadratic interpolation

MODEL

MODEL

Quadratic Calibration Diagram

Saturation

Static friction

Ascending Calibration diagram

Descending Calibration diagram

Why Probabily because at 4 velocity the SG sensor is maximum deform

Why Because at start SG sensor must overcome Static friction

Then reverse the interpolation equation and use the Accuracy Band to obtain

Linear Calibration Diagram with a reduced operating field

But if we working with a reduced operating range for example from velocity 1 at 4 we can use a linear interpolation to obtain linear model

SG MATRIX FOR ESTIMATION

OF DEFORMATIONS OF

KNEE PROSTHESIS INSERT

APPLICATION POINTS

1

2

3

4

5

1

2

3

4

5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

distribuzione interpolata 3D

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Stress Measurement of Prosthesys Insert Layer to Verify Reliability of materials and prosthesys health

Up to 16 Strain Gauge Sensors Miniaturization Strategy

WHY

MUX

Sensing methodology bullSG Technology bullINKJET Printing bullSilver Ink

Implementation of sperimental Set-up

As can be seen from the layout shown in the figure it was tried to obtain a structure that oppose a minimum resistance to the weight application and it had a rigid base on which to fix the power sensor matrix

Implementation of sperimental Set-up

It was necessary to test the repeatability of measurements using the SET-UP shown above because the presence of friction could have affected in a non-negligible effect on the measurements

5 different weights were used and the weight of the structure to build the following graph through 20 different measurements and were calculated by the software Matlab the standard deviation and the mean for each so as to obtain the range of uncertainty of the measurements

1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 640

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80taratura (b=2sigmak=3sigma)

misure (16)

peso

[g]

weights applied[g]

wei

ghts

me

asu

red

[g]

44 50 56 62 68 72

This study shows that the measurement results are repeatable and the maximum standard deviation is 08g In the figure the yellow line corresponds to 1σ the blue line corresponds to 2σ while the black band corresponds to 3σ (σ is the standard deviation and assuming a Gaussian distribution which is equal to the standard deviation)

PRINTED TOUCHMASS SENSOR

LOW State

HIGH State

COMPARATOR

- Low Cost Touch Device

- Weareable Electronic

WHY - Inkjet Printing - Capacitive Interdigitated Printed Sensor - Dielectric Constant Variation - Two Different Conditioning Approach

- Bridge Circuit and Voltage Amplification

- Frequency Modulation Technique

Methodology

IDT Silver Ink

Rubber Dielectric Layer

PET Substrate Protective Layer

Plexiglass Support

PET

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

SENSOR

INA111

RC BRIDGE BUFFER INSTRUM AMPLIFIER

FILTER

RECTIFIER

SENSOR

AC

AMP - +

FILTER + RECTIFIER

CIRCUIT CONDITIONING

ADC DEVICE

GUI amp ACQUISITION WORKSPACE

OSCILLOSCOPE

Printed touch sensor

Working mode

d variation

Tested sensors

Davide Mandragrave

Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge

Advantages

High sensitivity

gt 200 mV

Drawbacks

Offset

waveforms out of

phase

Davide Mandragrave

WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR

But hellip what about x

THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED

∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF

WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g

Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

Printed Heater Device

THE HEATER

The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec

From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

τ = 65 sec

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

Printed Gas Sensors

PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)

bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm

PET Substrate thickness 200um

PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um

EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS

Measurement Set-up

Page 6: Technology….. ….Inkjet Printing - DIEES - Home Page ·  · 2016-12-21Printed Electronics: Inkjet Printed Sensors Overview of Graphic Art Printing systems Why inkjet printing?

Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania

Dip

arti

men

to d

i In

gegn

eria

Ele

ttri

ca E

lett

ron

ica

e d

ei S

iste

mi

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors All printed Electronic Circuits

All printed electronic circuits

Electronics Engineering

Chemistry

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Printed Electronics Required Skills

Physics

MEMS amp NEMS Technologies

Inks

Printing Systems

Substrates

C

H

A

L

L

E

N

G

E

S

Before entering the market various technological improvements are still needed

Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania

Dip

arti

men

to d

i In

gegn

eria

Ele

ttri

ca E

lett

ron

ica

e d

ei S

iste

mi

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Screen Printing

Keywell Table Sliding Screen Printing Machine wwwkeywell-printercom

+ Many commercial inks are available + High throughput + Thick layers can be easily obtained + Many different materials can be easiliy printed even with high viscosity - Requires high costs masks - Ink waste

Screen Printing a contact printing system

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Overview of Graphic Art Printing systems

Why inkjet printing bull + Digital non-impact printing method additive bull + All kinds of substrates

bull Rigid or flexible substrates bull Rough or smooth surfaces 3D surfaces

bull + Accurate high resolution high speed bull + Possibility for mass customization bull + Low material consumption bull + Easy to integrate with existing production lines bull + Inks for all kinds of applications

bull Printing inks bull Functional inks bullConductive inks

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Inkjet printing methods

bull Continuos Printing bull DOD (smaller drop size higher placement accuracy)

bull Thermal DOD (needs water thus restricting possible inks) bull Piezoelectric DOD (can be suited for a variety of solvents)

Continuos Printing System

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Piezoelectric Printheads

Less complex system no recirculation More energy to produce a droplet Typical rate tens of kHz Smaller drop size higher placement accuracy Low-end printer market

water 089 mPabulls xylene 093 mPabulls ethanol 107 mPabulls mercury 153 mPabulls olive oil 81x mPabulls

Acceptable range 05-40 mPabulls

Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania

Dip

arti

men

to d

i In

gegn

eria

Ele

ttri

ca E

lett

ron

ica

e d

ei S

iste

mi

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Inkjet Printing Systems

Everyday desktop printer (ie Epson) Dimatix DMP 2800

wwwdimatixcom

Microdrop inkjet system wwwmicrodropde

Litrex M-Series inkjet system wwwlitrexcom

Printing systems designed

or optimized for the application

Precision and accuracy Throughput speed and

productivity Maintenance and

reliability Electronic fluids

formulated to meet application standards

Ink jet print engine engineered for the

application Drop volume velocity

and placement control Robust and resistant to

electronic fluids High and precise drop

throw rate Wide range of substrates

and surface properties

Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania

Dip

arti

men

to d

i In

gegn

eria

Ele

ttri

ca E

lett

ron

ica

e d

ei S

iste

mi

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Printed Electronics Inks

INKS To design printed electronics one needs a number of different materials that have completely different features but need to be adjusted to each other The most important materials are

Conductors electrical conducting polymers for structures of electrodes

Semiconductors electrical semi conducting polymers for transistors and diodes

Dielectrics electrical insulating polymers to divide between semi-conducting and conducting layers

Functional a polymer whose properties are function of some physical quantities of interest

Conductive Polymers

Metal Particle Inks

Conductors

There are only few commercially available inks suitable for inkjet printing Often custom inks formulation are required

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Conductive polymers PEDOTPSS

The PEDOTPSS in ldquoourrdquo language It is an organic polymer that conduces electricity It is commercially available as a dispersion in water (typically at 1-3 wt solids) (Sigma AldrichHC StarckBayerAGFA etc)

It is compatible with inkjet printing after simple pre-processing (dilutionfiltering)

Baytron P from Bayer main Characteristics Solid content 12 ndash 14 Viscosity 60 ndash 100 mPas (olive oil = 81 mPas) It probably needs to be diluted (20 mPas)

pH-value 15 ndash 25 Conductivity max 10 Scm (depending on the type of coating formulation) Density at 20 degC 1003 gcm^3 Mean particle size approx 80 nm (filtering to avoid nozzles clogging) Surf tension at 20 degC 71 mNm (that will determine the adhesion)

3cm

02cm 01mm

RPEDOTPSS = 150 Ω RCOPPER = 025 μΩ

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Conductive polymers PANI

PANI or Polyaniline

is a conducting polymer Although it was discovered over 150 years ago only recently has polyaniline captured the attention of the scientific community due to the discovery of its high electrical conductivity Sigma Aldrich (650013) ndash PANI main properties

Concentration 2-3 wt (dispersion in xylene) Particle size lt 400 nm Conductivity 10-20 Scm (film) Viscosity 3 mPas Density 09 gml 25 degC

It has an acidbase doping response that allows polyaniline to be used in chemical vapor

sensors

We will use it as a functional polymer (gas sensors)

Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Conductive Polymers Vs Metal Particle Inks

Features Conductive Polymers Metal particle inks

Price 400 eurokg 5000 ndash 10000 eurokg

Conductivity Low (10 Scm typical) High (gt 10 kScm)

Cure temperature Low (50 ndash 100 degC) High (300 ndash 500 degC)

Preprocessing DilutionFiltering None

Adhesion Medium-Low Very good

Compatibility Good performances even with common desktop printer printheads

Only dedicated Piezoelectric Printheads

Availability Few general purpose dispersions

Many different commercial inks application specific

Conductive Polymers

Metal Particle Inks

VS

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Metal Particle inks

Price 5000 ndash 10000 eurokg

Cabot - CCI 300 httpwwwcabot-corpcom

A functioning 950 MHz RFID tag with Spectra SE128 printed antenna

Inkjet printed test pattern demonstrated on variety of substrates

1048707 Paper PET PEN 1048707 FR4 polyimide 1048707 Display glass ITO coated glass Si

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 13

Printer Epson Stylus color 480 SXU Plates PEDOTPSS (Bayer - Baytron P) Dielectric PBPDA-PD from Aldrich (PI after heating) R = 17 MΩ C = 50 pF τ = 085 ms

All-polymer capacitor fabricated with inkjet printing technique Yi Liu Tianhong Cui Kody Varahramyan

Institute for Micromanufacturing Louisiana Tech University 911 Hergot Avenue PO Box 10137 Ruston LA 71272 USA Received 17 November 2002 received in revised form 28 January 2003 accepted 31 January 2003

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 23

Printer Microdrop Ink PEDOTPSS (Clevios PH 500)

Inkjet Printing of Microsensors Hussein Al-Chami Student Member IEEE and Edmond Cretu Member IEEE

Department of Electrical amp Computer Engineering University of British Columbia Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 33

Process Screen printing for the electrodes and inkjet (Dimatix) for the PANI Ink Silver nanoparticles (Acheson) + custom prepared PANI ink

Fabrication of chemical sensors using inkjet printing and application to gas detection Karl Crowley Aoife Morrin Malcolm R Smyth Anthony J Killard

Sensors and Separations Group School of Chemical Sciences National Centre for Sensor Research Dublin City University Dublin 9 Ireland

Evolution of inkjet printed droplet of nanoPANI solution over time

Real device

LAYOUT

Substrate membrane

Resistive sensor Final device

Printed SensorsDIEEI Resistive Pressure sensors

Exp

erim

en

tal

set-

up

Bottom electrode Oring Top Electrode

L

A

Y

O

U

T

Real device

Printed SensorsDIEEI Capacitive Pressure sensors

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8-01

0

01

02

03

Tempo (s)

Pre

ssio

ne

(P

a)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8-05

0

05

1

15

Tempo (s)

Vo

ut (V

)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

-10

0

10

Tempo (s)

Se

nsib

ilitagrave

(V

Pa

)

Time (s)

Time (s)

Pre

ssu

re (

Pa)

L= half-width from strain gauges to the point where it enters the mass b= basic support h= thick paper E= module of Young

2

6

Ebh

FLmgF

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

An experimental set-up was realized for the device characterization which exploits the following relationship between an applied load and the strain

l= 2 s=t= 004

l= 2 s=t= 004

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

Device

number

Width Tracks(m) Spacing (m) Device Leght(cm)

1 300 300 1

2 300 300 15

3 300 300 2

4 400 400 1

5 400 400 15

6 400 400 2

7 200 200 15

8 200 200 1

9 200 200 2

10 100 100 1

11 100 100 15

12 100 100 2

Device Leght(cm)

Tracks Width (m)

Spacing ( m)

DR R0 = G ( dl l ) = G

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

LAYOUT

Strain Gauges have been realized by inkjet printing techniques implemented through bulla nano-Silver ink bulla commercial printer and a silver ink

Metalonreg JS-B15P Water-based nano-Silver ink These components are electrically conductive inks designed to produce circuits on porous substrates such as paper and treated polymer films including NoveleTM IJ-220 coated PET JS-B15P ink is specially formulated for stability for piezo-ink jet printing methods

Printed SensorsDIEEI Technologies

An analysis of the Active areas by a optical microscope revealed a minimum spatial resolution of 200 μm (track width and spcing)

Below 200 μm

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

Over 200 μm

Electron microscopy (SEM) images of the silver layer deposited on the device The structure of the silver tracks is quite homogeneous at the inspected scales and an approximate thickness of 190 microm has been estimated

(b)

A dedicated socket was realized to provide electrical contacts

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

PEDOTPSS + GRAPHENE

ZnO

PEDOT PANI GRAPHENE ZnO

Cl2 X

CH4 X X

CO X X

CO2 X X

H2 X

H2S X

NO X

NO2 X X X

NH3 X X X

- Low Cost Tecnology - Commercial Printers - Good Resolution - Fast Prototyping - A lot of Printable Materials

SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy

Development of low cost devices integrated into non-linear bistable flexible system

bull Bistable flexible PET beam (switches harvesters hellip)

bull Study and exploit the device dynamics

bull Low cost solutions for strain measurements electrodes and other passive structureshelliphellip

helliphellipinkjet printing

Non linear beamDIEEI Sensor LAB

End Set-up

SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy

Linear resonant devices bull Perform well when excited at their mechanical resonance bull Large sizes and masses are required at low frequencies bull Poor efficiency far from resonant operations

Non linear devices bull Overcome linear resonant devices limits bull Allow for scavenging a significant amount of energy from signals in a wide range of low frequencies

Non linear beam DIEEI Sensor LAB

End Set-up

There are many tools that can measure the flow but all of this are Commercial Devices bull large (8-10 cm or more) bull heavy (hundreds of grams) bull expensive ( 30 euro ndash 200 euro )

Printed Solution Printed Flow Sensor is bullCheap (Normal Inkjet Printer) bullLight (few grams) bullSmall (3-4 cm)

Application

Very simple idea put the sensor inside a tube with a hydraulic flow To the passage of hydraulic flow the sensor will flex in proportion to the intensity of the flow itself by varying its electrical resistance

120549R = 0

120549R = X

Pump

Sensor SG

Hydraulic Circuit Realization

Sensors

Conditioning Acquisition Processing

Alimentation Pump

System Modeling

Pump OFF

Velocity 1

Velocity 2

Acquisition step

Mean of each step

Repeat this process for 10 acquisition

Ascending period Descending period

then average each column to obtain two Model

That I consider divide in two periods

And so onhellip

Quadratic interpolation

Ascending Model With quadratic interpolation

Descending Model With quadratic interpolation

MODEL

MODEL

Quadratic Calibration Diagram

Saturation

Static friction

Ascending Calibration diagram

Descending Calibration diagram

Why Probabily because at 4 velocity the SG sensor is maximum deform

Why Because at start SG sensor must overcome Static friction

Then reverse the interpolation equation and use the Accuracy Band to obtain

Linear Calibration Diagram with a reduced operating field

But if we working with a reduced operating range for example from velocity 1 at 4 we can use a linear interpolation to obtain linear model

SG MATRIX FOR ESTIMATION

OF DEFORMATIONS OF

KNEE PROSTHESIS INSERT

APPLICATION POINTS

1

2

3

4

5

1

2

3

4

5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

distribuzione interpolata 3D

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Stress Measurement of Prosthesys Insert Layer to Verify Reliability of materials and prosthesys health

Up to 16 Strain Gauge Sensors Miniaturization Strategy

WHY

MUX

Sensing methodology bullSG Technology bullINKJET Printing bullSilver Ink

Implementation of sperimental Set-up

As can be seen from the layout shown in the figure it was tried to obtain a structure that oppose a minimum resistance to the weight application and it had a rigid base on which to fix the power sensor matrix

Implementation of sperimental Set-up

It was necessary to test the repeatability of measurements using the SET-UP shown above because the presence of friction could have affected in a non-negligible effect on the measurements

5 different weights were used and the weight of the structure to build the following graph through 20 different measurements and were calculated by the software Matlab the standard deviation and the mean for each so as to obtain the range of uncertainty of the measurements

1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 640

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80taratura (b=2sigmak=3sigma)

misure (16)

peso

[g]

weights applied[g]

wei

ghts

me

asu

red

[g]

44 50 56 62 68 72

This study shows that the measurement results are repeatable and the maximum standard deviation is 08g In the figure the yellow line corresponds to 1σ the blue line corresponds to 2σ while the black band corresponds to 3σ (σ is the standard deviation and assuming a Gaussian distribution which is equal to the standard deviation)

PRINTED TOUCHMASS SENSOR

LOW State

HIGH State

COMPARATOR

- Low Cost Touch Device

- Weareable Electronic

WHY - Inkjet Printing - Capacitive Interdigitated Printed Sensor - Dielectric Constant Variation - Two Different Conditioning Approach

- Bridge Circuit and Voltage Amplification

- Frequency Modulation Technique

Methodology

IDT Silver Ink

Rubber Dielectric Layer

PET Substrate Protective Layer

Plexiglass Support

PET

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

SENSOR

INA111

RC BRIDGE BUFFER INSTRUM AMPLIFIER

FILTER

RECTIFIER

SENSOR

AC

AMP - +

FILTER + RECTIFIER

CIRCUIT CONDITIONING

ADC DEVICE

GUI amp ACQUISITION WORKSPACE

OSCILLOSCOPE

Printed touch sensor

Working mode

d variation

Tested sensors

Davide Mandragrave

Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge

Advantages

High sensitivity

gt 200 mV

Drawbacks

Offset

waveforms out of

phase

Davide Mandragrave

WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR

But hellip what about x

THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED

∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF

WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g

Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

Printed Heater Device

THE HEATER

The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec

From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

τ = 65 sec

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

Printed Gas Sensors

PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)

bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm

PET Substrate thickness 200um

PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um

EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS

Measurement Set-up

Page 7: Technology….. ….Inkjet Printing - DIEES - Home Page ·  · 2016-12-21Printed Electronics: Inkjet Printed Sensors Overview of Graphic Art Printing systems Why inkjet printing?

Electronics Engineering

Chemistry

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Printed Electronics Required Skills

Physics

MEMS amp NEMS Technologies

Inks

Printing Systems

Substrates

C

H

A

L

L

E

N

G

E

S

Before entering the market various technological improvements are still needed

Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania

Dip

arti

men

to d

i In

gegn

eria

Ele

ttri

ca E

lett

ron

ica

e d

ei S

iste

mi

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Screen Printing

Keywell Table Sliding Screen Printing Machine wwwkeywell-printercom

+ Many commercial inks are available + High throughput + Thick layers can be easily obtained + Many different materials can be easiliy printed even with high viscosity - Requires high costs masks - Ink waste

Screen Printing a contact printing system

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Overview of Graphic Art Printing systems

Why inkjet printing bull + Digital non-impact printing method additive bull + All kinds of substrates

bull Rigid or flexible substrates bull Rough or smooth surfaces 3D surfaces

bull + Accurate high resolution high speed bull + Possibility for mass customization bull + Low material consumption bull + Easy to integrate with existing production lines bull + Inks for all kinds of applications

bull Printing inks bull Functional inks bullConductive inks

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Inkjet printing methods

bull Continuos Printing bull DOD (smaller drop size higher placement accuracy)

bull Thermal DOD (needs water thus restricting possible inks) bull Piezoelectric DOD (can be suited for a variety of solvents)

Continuos Printing System

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Piezoelectric Printheads

Less complex system no recirculation More energy to produce a droplet Typical rate tens of kHz Smaller drop size higher placement accuracy Low-end printer market

water 089 mPabulls xylene 093 mPabulls ethanol 107 mPabulls mercury 153 mPabulls olive oil 81x mPabulls

Acceptable range 05-40 mPabulls

Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania

Dip

arti

men

to d

i In

gegn

eria

Ele

ttri

ca E

lett

ron

ica

e d

ei S

iste

mi

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Inkjet Printing Systems

Everyday desktop printer (ie Epson) Dimatix DMP 2800

wwwdimatixcom

Microdrop inkjet system wwwmicrodropde

Litrex M-Series inkjet system wwwlitrexcom

Printing systems designed

or optimized for the application

Precision and accuracy Throughput speed and

productivity Maintenance and

reliability Electronic fluids

formulated to meet application standards

Ink jet print engine engineered for the

application Drop volume velocity

and placement control Robust and resistant to

electronic fluids High and precise drop

throw rate Wide range of substrates

and surface properties

Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania

Dip

arti

men

to d

i In

gegn

eria

Ele

ttri

ca E

lett

ron

ica

e d

ei S

iste

mi

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Printed Electronics Inks

INKS To design printed electronics one needs a number of different materials that have completely different features but need to be adjusted to each other The most important materials are

Conductors electrical conducting polymers for structures of electrodes

Semiconductors electrical semi conducting polymers for transistors and diodes

Dielectrics electrical insulating polymers to divide between semi-conducting and conducting layers

Functional a polymer whose properties are function of some physical quantities of interest

Conductive Polymers

Metal Particle Inks

Conductors

There are only few commercially available inks suitable for inkjet printing Often custom inks formulation are required

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Conductive polymers PEDOTPSS

The PEDOTPSS in ldquoourrdquo language It is an organic polymer that conduces electricity It is commercially available as a dispersion in water (typically at 1-3 wt solids) (Sigma AldrichHC StarckBayerAGFA etc)

It is compatible with inkjet printing after simple pre-processing (dilutionfiltering)

Baytron P from Bayer main Characteristics Solid content 12 ndash 14 Viscosity 60 ndash 100 mPas (olive oil = 81 mPas) It probably needs to be diluted (20 mPas)

pH-value 15 ndash 25 Conductivity max 10 Scm (depending on the type of coating formulation) Density at 20 degC 1003 gcm^3 Mean particle size approx 80 nm (filtering to avoid nozzles clogging) Surf tension at 20 degC 71 mNm (that will determine the adhesion)

3cm

02cm 01mm

RPEDOTPSS = 150 Ω RCOPPER = 025 μΩ

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Conductive polymers PANI

PANI or Polyaniline

is a conducting polymer Although it was discovered over 150 years ago only recently has polyaniline captured the attention of the scientific community due to the discovery of its high electrical conductivity Sigma Aldrich (650013) ndash PANI main properties

Concentration 2-3 wt (dispersion in xylene) Particle size lt 400 nm Conductivity 10-20 Scm (film) Viscosity 3 mPas Density 09 gml 25 degC

It has an acidbase doping response that allows polyaniline to be used in chemical vapor

sensors

We will use it as a functional polymer (gas sensors)

Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Conductive Polymers Vs Metal Particle Inks

Features Conductive Polymers Metal particle inks

Price 400 eurokg 5000 ndash 10000 eurokg

Conductivity Low (10 Scm typical) High (gt 10 kScm)

Cure temperature Low (50 ndash 100 degC) High (300 ndash 500 degC)

Preprocessing DilutionFiltering None

Adhesion Medium-Low Very good

Compatibility Good performances even with common desktop printer printheads

Only dedicated Piezoelectric Printheads

Availability Few general purpose dispersions

Many different commercial inks application specific

Conductive Polymers

Metal Particle Inks

VS

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Metal Particle inks

Price 5000 ndash 10000 eurokg

Cabot - CCI 300 httpwwwcabot-corpcom

A functioning 950 MHz RFID tag with Spectra SE128 printed antenna

Inkjet printed test pattern demonstrated on variety of substrates

1048707 Paper PET PEN 1048707 FR4 polyimide 1048707 Display glass ITO coated glass Si

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 13

Printer Epson Stylus color 480 SXU Plates PEDOTPSS (Bayer - Baytron P) Dielectric PBPDA-PD from Aldrich (PI after heating) R = 17 MΩ C = 50 pF τ = 085 ms

All-polymer capacitor fabricated with inkjet printing technique Yi Liu Tianhong Cui Kody Varahramyan

Institute for Micromanufacturing Louisiana Tech University 911 Hergot Avenue PO Box 10137 Ruston LA 71272 USA Received 17 November 2002 received in revised form 28 January 2003 accepted 31 January 2003

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 23

Printer Microdrop Ink PEDOTPSS (Clevios PH 500)

Inkjet Printing of Microsensors Hussein Al-Chami Student Member IEEE and Edmond Cretu Member IEEE

Department of Electrical amp Computer Engineering University of British Columbia Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 33

Process Screen printing for the electrodes and inkjet (Dimatix) for the PANI Ink Silver nanoparticles (Acheson) + custom prepared PANI ink

Fabrication of chemical sensors using inkjet printing and application to gas detection Karl Crowley Aoife Morrin Malcolm R Smyth Anthony J Killard

Sensors and Separations Group School of Chemical Sciences National Centre for Sensor Research Dublin City University Dublin 9 Ireland

Evolution of inkjet printed droplet of nanoPANI solution over time

Real device

LAYOUT

Substrate membrane

Resistive sensor Final device

Printed SensorsDIEEI Resistive Pressure sensors

Exp

erim

en

tal

set-

up

Bottom electrode Oring Top Electrode

L

A

Y

O

U

T

Real device

Printed SensorsDIEEI Capacitive Pressure sensors

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8-01

0

01

02

03

Tempo (s)

Pre

ssio

ne

(P

a)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8-05

0

05

1

15

Tempo (s)

Vo

ut (V

)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

-10

0

10

Tempo (s)

Se

nsib

ilitagrave

(V

Pa

)

Time (s)

Time (s)

Pre

ssu

re (

Pa)

L= half-width from strain gauges to the point where it enters the mass b= basic support h= thick paper E= module of Young

2

6

Ebh

FLmgF

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

An experimental set-up was realized for the device characterization which exploits the following relationship between an applied load and the strain

l= 2 s=t= 004

l= 2 s=t= 004

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

Device

number

Width Tracks(m) Spacing (m) Device Leght(cm)

1 300 300 1

2 300 300 15

3 300 300 2

4 400 400 1

5 400 400 15

6 400 400 2

7 200 200 15

8 200 200 1

9 200 200 2

10 100 100 1

11 100 100 15

12 100 100 2

Device Leght(cm)

Tracks Width (m)

Spacing ( m)

DR R0 = G ( dl l ) = G

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

LAYOUT

Strain Gauges have been realized by inkjet printing techniques implemented through bulla nano-Silver ink bulla commercial printer and a silver ink

Metalonreg JS-B15P Water-based nano-Silver ink These components are electrically conductive inks designed to produce circuits on porous substrates such as paper and treated polymer films including NoveleTM IJ-220 coated PET JS-B15P ink is specially formulated for stability for piezo-ink jet printing methods

Printed SensorsDIEEI Technologies

An analysis of the Active areas by a optical microscope revealed a minimum spatial resolution of 200 μm (track width and spcing)

Below 200 μm

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

Over 200 μm

Electron microscopy (SEM) images of the silver layer deposited on the device The structure of the silver tracks is quite homogeneous at the inspected scales and an approximate thickness of 190 microm has been estimated

(b)

A dedicated socket was realized to provide electrical contacts

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

PEDOTPSS + GRAPHENE

ZnO

PEDOT PANI GRAPHENE ZnO

Cl2 X

CH4 X X

CO X X

CO2 X X

H2 X

H2S X

NO X

NO2 X X X

NH3 X X X

- Low Cost Tecnology - Commercial Printers - Good Resolution - Fast Prototyping - A lot of Printable Materials

SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy

Development of low cost devices integrated into non-linear bistable flexible system

bull Bistable flexible PET beam (switches harvesters hellip)

bull Study and exploit the device dynamics

bull Low cost solutions for strain measurements electrodes and other passive structureshelliphellip

helliphellipinkjet printing

Non linear beamDIEEI Sensor LAB

End Set-up

SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy

Linear resonant devices bull Perform well when excited at their mechanical resonance bull Large sizes and masses are required at low frequencies bull Poor efficiency far from resonant operations

Non linear devices bull Overcome linear resonant devices limits bull Allow for scavenging a significant amount of energy from signals in a wide range of low frequencies

Non linear beam DIEEI Sensor LAB

End Set-up

There are many tools that can measure the flow but all of this are Commercial Devices bull large (8-10 cm or more) bull heavy (hundreds of grams) bull expensive ( 30 euro ndash 200 euro )

Printed Solution Printed Flow Sensor is bullCheap (Normal Inkjet Printer) bullLight (few grams) bullSmall (3-4 cm)

Application

Very simple idea put the sensor inside a tube with a hydraulic flow To the passage of hydraulic flow the sensor will flex in proportion to the intensity of the flow itself by varying its electrical resistance

120549R = 0

120549R = X

Pump

Sensor SG

Hydraulic Circuit Realization

Sensors

Conditioning Acquisition Processing

Alimentation Pump

System Modeling

Pump OFF

Velocity 1

Velocity 2

Acquisition step

Mean of each step

Repeat this process for 10 acquisition

Ascending period Descending period

then average each column to obtain two Model

That I consider divide in two periods

And so onhellip

Quadratic interpolation

Ascending Model With quadratic interpolation

Descending Model With quadratic interpolation

MODEL

MODEL

Quadratic Calibration Diagram

Saturation

Static friction

Ascending Calibration diagram

Descending Calibration diagram

Why Probabily because at 4 velocity the SG sensor is maximum deform

Why Because at start SG sensor must overcome Static friction

Then reverse the interpolation equation and use the Accuracy Band to obtain

Linear Calibration Diagram with a reduced operating field

But if we working with a reduced operating range for example from velocity 1 at 4 we can use a linear interpolation to obtain linear model

SG MATRIX FOR ESTIMATION

OF DEFORMATIONS OF

KNEE PROSTHESIS INSERT

APPLICATION POINTS

1

2

3

4

5

1

2

3

4

5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

distribuzione interpolata 3D

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Stress Measurement of Prosthesys Insert Layer to Verify Reliability of materials and prosthesys health

Up to 16 Strain Gauge Sensors Miniaturization Strategy

WHY

MUX

Sensing methodology bullSG Technology bullINKJET Printing bullSilver Ink

Implementation of sperimental Set-up

As can be seen from the layout shown in the figure it was tried to obtain a structure that oppose a minimum resistance to the weight application and it had a rigid base on which to fix the power sensor matrix

Implementation of sperimental Set-up

It was necessary to test the repeatability of measurements using the SET-UP shown above because the presence of friction could have affected in a non-negligible effect on the measurements

5 different weights were used and the weight of the structure to build the following graph through 20 different measurements and were calculated by the software Matlab the standard deviation and the mean for each so as to obtain the range of uncertainty of the measurements

1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 640

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80taratura (b=2sigmak=3sigma)

misure (16)

peso

[g]

weights applied[g]

wei

ghts

me

asu

red

[g]

44 50 56 62 68 72

This study shows that the measurement results are repeatable and the maximum standard deviation is 08g In the figure the yellow line corresponds to 1σ the blue line corresponds to 2σ while the black band corresponds to 3σ (σ is the standard deviation and assuming a Gaussian distribution which is equal to the standard deviation)

PRINTED TOUCHMASS SENSOR

LOW State

HIGH State

COMPARATOR

- Low Cost Touch Device

- Weareable Electronic

WHY - Inkjet Printing - Capacitive Interdigitated Printed Sensor - Dielectric Constant Variation - Two Different Conditioning Approach

- Bridge Circuit and Voltage Amplification

- Frequency Modulation Technique

Methodology

IDT Silver Ink

Rubber Dielectric Layer

PET Substrate Protective Layer

Plexiglass Support

PET

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

SENSOR

INA111

RC BRIDGE BUFFER INSTRUM AMPLIFIER

FILTER

RECTIFIER

SENSOR

AC

AMP - +

FILTER + RECTIFIER

CIRCUIT CONDITIONING

ADC DEVICE

GUI amp ACQUISITION WORKSPACE

OSCILLOSCOPE

Printed touch sensor

Working mode

d variation

Tested sensors

Davide Mandragrave

Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge

Advantages

High sensitivity

gt 200 mV

Drawbacks

Offset

waveforms out of

phase

Davide Mandragrave

WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR

But hellip what about x

THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED

∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF

WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g

Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

Printed Heater Device

THE HEATER

The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec

From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

τ = 65 sec

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

Printed Gas Sensors

PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)

bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm

PET Substrate thickness 200um

PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um

EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS

Measurement Set-up

Page 8: Technology….. ….Inkjet Printing - DIEES - Home Page ·  · 2016-12-21Printed Electronics: Inkjet Printed Sensors Overview of Graphic Art Printing systems Why inkjet printing?

Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania

Dip

arti

men

to d

i In

gegn

eria

Ele

ttri

ca E

lett

ron

ica

e d

ei S

iste

mi

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Screen Printing

Keywell Table Sliding Screen Printing Machine wwwkeywell-printercom

+ Many commercial inks are available + High throughput + Thick layers can be easily obtained + Many different materials can be easiliy printed even with high viscosity - Requires high costs masks - Ink waste

Screen Printing a contact printing system

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Overview of Graphic Art Printing systems

Why inkjet printing bull + Digital non-impact printing method additive bull + All kinds of substrates

bull Rigid or flexible substrates bull Rough or smooth surfaces 3D surfaces

bull + Accurate high resolution high speed bull + Possibility for mass customization bull + Low material consumption bull + Easy to integrate with existing production lines bull + Inks for all kinds of applications

bull Printing inks bull Functional inks bullConductive inks

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Inkjet printing methods

bull Continuos Printing bull DOD (smaller drop size higher placement accuracy)

bull Thermal DOD (needs water thus restricting possible inks) bull Piezoelectric DOD (can be suited for a variety of solvents)

Continuos Printing System

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Piezoelectric Printheads

Less complex system no recirculation More energy to produce a droplet Typical rate tens of kHz Smaller drop size higher placement accuracy Low-end printer market

water 089 mPabulls xylene 093 mPabulls ethanol 107 mPabulls mercury 153 mPabulls olive oil 81x mPabulls

Acceptable range 05-40 mPabulls

Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania

Dip

arti

men

to d

i In

gegn

eria

Ele

ttri

ca E

lett

ron

ica

e d

ei S

iste

mi

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Inkjet Printing Systems

Everyday desktop printer (ie Epson) Dimatix DMP 2800

wwwdimatixcom

Microdrop inkjet system wwwmicrodropde

Litrex M-Series inkjet system wwwlitrexcom

Printing systems designed

or optimized for the application

Precision and accuracy Throughput speed and

productivity Maintenance and

reliability Electronic fluids

formulated to meet application standards

Ink jet print engine engineered for the

application Drop volume velocity

and placement control Robust and resistant to

electronic fluids High and precise drop

throw rate Wide range of substrates

and surface properties

Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania

Dip

arti

men

to d

i In

gegn

eria

Ele

ttri

ca E

lett

ron

ica

e d

ei S

iste

mi

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Printed Electronics Inks

INKS To design printed electronics one needs a number of different materials that have completely different features but need to be adjusted to each other The most important materials are

Conductors electrical conducting polymers for structures of electrodes

Semiconductors electrical semi conducting polymers for transistors and diodes

Dielectrics electrical insulating polymers to divide between semi-conducting and conducting layers

Functional a polymer whose properties are function of some physical quantities of interest

Conductive Polymers

Metal Particle Inks

Conductors

There are only few commercially available inks suitable for inkjet printing Often custom inks formulation are required

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Conductive polymers PEDOTPSS

The PEDOTPSS in ldquoourrdquo language It is an organic polymer that conduces electricity It is commercially available as a dispersion in water (typically at 1-3 wt solids) (Sigma AldrichHC StarckBayerAGFA etc)

It is compatible with inkjet printing after simple pre-processing (dilutionfiltering)

Baytron P from Bayer main Characteristics Solid content 12 ndash 14 Viscosity 60 ndash 100 mPas (olive oil = 81 mPas) It probably needs to be diluted (20 mPas)

pH-value 15 ndash 25 Conductivity max 10 Scm (depending on the type of coating formulation) Density at 20 degC 1003 gcm^3 Mean particle size approx 80 nm (filtering to avoid nozzles clogging) Surf tension at 20 degC 71 mNm (that will determine the adhesion)

3cm

02cm 01mm

RPEDOTPSS = 150 Ω RCOPPER = 025 μΩ

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Conductive polymers PANI

PANI or Polyaniline

is a conducting polymer Although it was discovered over 150 years ago only recently has polyaniline captured the attention of the scientific community due to the discovery of its high electrical conductivity Sigma Aldrich (650013) ndash PANI main properties

Concentration 2-3 wt (dispersion in xylene) Particle size lt 400 nm Conductivity 10-20 Scm (film) Viscosity 3 mPas Density 09 gml 25 degC

It has an acidbase doping response that allows polyaniline to be used in chemical vapor

sensors

We will use it as a functional polymer (gas sensors)

Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Conductive Polymers Vs Metal Particle Inks

Features Conductive Polymers Metal particle inks

Price 400 eurokg 5000 ndash 10000 eurokg

Conductivity Low (10 Scm typical) High (gt 10 kScm)

Cure temperature Low (50 ndash 100 degC) High (300 ndash 500 degC)

Preprocessing DilutionFiltering None

Adhesion Medium-Low Very good

Compatibility Good performances even with common desktop printer printheads

Only dedicated Piezoelectric Printheads

Availability Few general purpose dispersions

Many different commercial inks application specific

Conductive Polymers

Metal Particle Inks

VS

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Metal Particle inks

Price 5000 ndash 10000 eurokg

Cabot - CCI 300 httpwwwcabot-corpcom

A functioning 950 MHz RFID tag with Spectra SE128 printed antenna

Inkjet printed test pattern demonstrated on variety of substrates

1048707 Paper PET PEN 1048707 FR4 polyimide 1048707 Display glass ITO coated glass Si

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 13

Printer Epson Stylus color 480 SXU Plates PEDOTPSS (Bayer - Baytron P) Dielectric PBPDA-PD from Aldrich (PI after heating) R = 17 MΩ C = 50 pF τ = 085 ms

All-polymer capacitor fabricated with inkjet printing technique Yi Liu Tianhong Cui Kody Varahramyan

Institute for Micromanufacturing Louisiana Tech University 911 Hergot Avenue PO Box 10137 Ruston LA 71272 USA Received 17 November 2002 received in revised form 28 January 2003 accepted 31 January 2003

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 23

Printer Microdrop Ink PEDOTPSS (Clevios PH 500)

Inkjet Printing of Microsensors Hussein Al-Chami Student Member IEEE and Edmond Cretu Member IEEE

Department of Electrical amp Computer Engineering University of British Columbia Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 33

Process Screen printing for the electrodes and inkjet (Dimatix) for the PANI Ink Silver nanoparticles (Acheson) + custom prepared PANI ink

Fabrication of chemical sensors using inkjet printing and application to gas detection Karl Crowley Aoife Morrin Malcolm R Smyth Anthony J Killard

Sensors and Separations Group School of Chemical Sciences National Centre for Sensor Research Dublin City University Dublin 9 Ireland

Evolution of inkjet printed droplet of nanoPANI solution over time

Real device

LAYOUT

Substrate membrane

Resistive sensor Final device

Printed SensorsDIEEI Resistive Pressure sensors

Exp

erim

en

tal

set-

up

Bottom electrode Oring Top Electrode

L

A

Y

O

U

T

Real device

Printed SensorsDIEEI Capacitive Pressure sensors

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8-01

0

01

02

03

Tempo (s)

Pre

ssio

ne

(P

a)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8-05

0

05

1

15

Tempo (s)

Vo

ut (V

)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

-10

0

10

Tempo (s)

Se

nsib

ilitagrave

(V

Pa

)

Time (s)

Time (s)

Pre

ssu

re (

Pa)

L= half-width from strain gauges to the point where it enters the mass b= basic support h= thick paper E= module of Young

2

6

Ebh

FLmgF

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

An experimental set-up was realized for the device characterization which exploits the following relationship between an applied load and the strain

l= 2 s=t= 004

l= 2 s=t= 004

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

Device

number

Width Tracks(m) Spacing (m) Device Leght(cm)

1 300 300 1

2 300 300 15

3 300 300 2

4 400 400 1

5 400 400 15

6 400 400 2

7 200 200 15

8 200 200 1

9 200 200 2

10 100 100 1

11 100 100 15

12 100 100 2

Device Leght(cm)

Tracks Width (m)

Spacing ( m)

DR R0 = G ( dl l ) = G

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

LAYOUT

Strain Gauges have been realized by inkjet printing techniques implemented through bulla nano-Silver ink bulla commercial printer and a silver ink

Metalonreg JS-B15P Water-based nano-Silver ink These components are electrically conductive inks designed to produce circuits on porous substrates such as paper and treated polymer films including NoveleTM IJ-220 coated PET JS-B15P ink is specially formulated for stability for piezo-ink jet printing methods

Printed SensorsDIEEI Technologies

An analysis of the Active areas by a optical microscope revealed a minimum spatial resolution of 200 μm (track width and spcing)

Below 200 μm

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

Over 200 μm

Electron microscopy (SEM) images of the silver layer deposited on the device The structure of the silver tracks is quite homogeneous at the inspected scales and an approximate thickness of 190 microm has been estimated

(b)

A dedicated socket was realized to provide electrical contacts

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

PEDOTPSS + GRAPHENE

ZnO

PEDOT PANI GRAPHENE ZnO

Cl2 X

CH4 X X

CO X X

CO2 X X

H2 X

H2S X

NO X

NO2 X X X

NH3 X X X

- Low Cost Tecnology - Commercial Printers - Good Resolution - Fast Prototyping - A lot of Printable Materials

SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy

Development of low cost devices integrated into non-linear bistable flexible system

bull Bistable flexible PET beam (switches harvesters hellip)

bull Study and exploit the device dynamics

bull Low cost solutions for strain measurements electrodes and other passive structureshelliphellip

helliphellipinkjet printing

Non linear beamDIEEI Sensor LAB

End Set-up

SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy

Linear resonant devices bull Perform well when excited at their mechanical resonance bull Large sizes and masses are required at low frequencies bull Poor efficiency far from resonant operations

Non linear devices bull Overcome linear resonant devices limits bull Allow for scavenging a significant amount of energy from signals in a wide range of low frequencies

Non linear beam DIEEI Sensor LAB

End Set-up

There are many tools that can measure the flow but all of this are Commercial Devices bull large (8-10 cm or more) bull heavy (hundreds of grams) bull expensive ( 30 euro ndash 200 euro )

Printed Solution Printed Flow Sensor is bullCheap (Normal Inkjet Printer) bullLight (few grams) bullSmall (3-4 cm)

Application

Very simple idea put the sensor inside a tube with a hydraulic flow To the passage of hydraulic flow the sensor will flex in proportion to the intensity of the flow itself by varying its electrical resistance

120549R = 0

120549R = X

Pump

Sensor SG

Hydraulic Circuit Realization

Sensors

Conditioning Acquisition Processing

Alimentation Pump

System Modeling

Pump OFF

Velocity 1

Velocity 2

Acquisition step

Mean of each step

Repeat this process for 10 acquisition

Ascending period Descending period

then average each column to obtain two Model

That I consider divide in two periods

And so onhellip

Quadratic interpolation

Ascending Model With quadratic interpolation

Descending Model With quadratic interpolation

MODEL

MODEL

Quadratic Calibration Diagram

Saturation

Static friction

Ascending Calibration diagram

Descending Calibration diagram

Why Probabily because at 4 velocity the SG sensor is maximum deform

Why Because at start SG sensor must overcome Static friction

Then reverse the interpolation equation and use the Accuracy Band to obtain

Linear Calibration Diagram with a reduced operating field

But if we working with a reduced operating range for example from velocity 1 at 4 we can use a linear interpolation to obtain linear model

SG MATRIX FOR ESTIMATION

OF DEFORMATIONS OF

KNEE PROSTHESIS INSERT

APPLICATION POINTS

1

2

3

4

5

1

2

3

4

5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

distribuzione interpolata 3D

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Stress Measurement of Prosthesys Insert Layer to Verify Reliability of materials and prosthesys health

Up to 16 Strain Gauge Sensors Miniaturization Strategy

WHY

MUX

Sensing methodology bullSG Technology bullINKJET Printing bullSilver Ink

Implementation of sperimental Set-up

As can be seen from the layout shown in the figure it was tried to obtain a structure that oppose a minimum resistance to the weight application and it had a rigid base on which to fix the power sensor matrix

Implementation of sperimental Set-up

It was necessary to test the repeatability of measurements using the SET-UP shown above because the presence of friction could have affected in a non-negligible effect on the measurements

5 different weights were used and the weight of the structure to build the following graph through 20 different measurements and were calculated by the software Matlab the standard deviation and the mean for each so as to obtain the range of uncertainty of the measurements

1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 640

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80taratura (b=2sigmak=3sigma)

misure (16)

peso

[g]

weights applied[g]

wei

ghts

me

asu

red

[g]

44 50 56 62 68 72

This study shows that the measurement results are repeatable and the maximum standard deviation is 08g In the figure the yellow line corresponds to 1σ the blue line corresponds to 2σ while the black band corresponds to 3σ (σ is the standard deviation and assuming a Gaussian distribution which is equal to the standard deviation)

PRINTED TOUCHMASS SENSOR

LOW State

HIGH State

COMPARATOR

- Low Cost Touch Device

- Weareable Electronic

WHY - Inkjet Printing - Capacitive Interdigitated Printed Sensor - Dielectric Constant Variation - Two Different Conditioning Approach

- Bridge Circuit and Voltage Amplification

- Frequency Modulation Technique

Methodology

IDT Silver Ink

Rubber Dielectric Layer

PET Substrate Protective Layer

Plexiglass Support

PET

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

SENSOR

INA111

RC BRIDGE BUFFER INSTRUM AMPLIFIER

FILTER

RECTIFIER

SENSOR

AC

AMP - +

FILTER + RECTIFIER

CIRCUIT CONDITIONING

ADC DEVICE

GUI amp ACQUISITION WORKSPACE

OSCILLOSCOPE

Printed touch sensor

Working mode

d variation

Tested sensors

Davide Mandragrave

Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge

Advantages

High sensitivity

gt 200 mV

Drawbacks

Offset

waveforms out of

phase

Davide Mandragrave

WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR

But hellip what about x

THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED

∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF

WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g

Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

Printed Heater Device

THE HEATER

The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec

From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

τ = 65 sec

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

Printed Gas Sensors

PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)

bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm

PET Substrate thickness 200um

PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um

EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS

Measurement Set-up

Page 9: Technology….. ….Inkjet Printing - DIEES - Home Page ·  · 2016-12-21Printed Electronics: Inkjet Printed Sensors Overview of Graphic Art Printing systems Why inkjet printing?

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Overview of Graphic Art Printing systems

Why inkjet printing bull + Digital non-impact printing method additive bull + All kinds of substrates

bull Rigid or flexible substrates bull Rough or smooth surfaces 3D surfaces

bull + Accurate high resolution high speed bull + Possibility for mass customization bull + Low material consumption bull + Easy to integrate with existing production lines bull + Inks for all kinds of applications

bull Printing inks bull Functional inks bullConductive inks

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Inkjet printing methods

bull Continuos Printing bull DOD (smaller drop size higher placement accuracy)

bull Thermal DOD (needs water thus restricting possible inks) bull Piezoelectric DOD (can be suited for a variety of solvents)

Continuos Printing System

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Piezoelectric Printheads

Less complex system no recirculation More energy to produce a droplet Typical rate tens of kHz Smaller drop size higher placement accuracy Low-end printer market

water 089 mPabulls xylene 093 mPabulls ethanol 107 mPabulls mercury 153 mPabulls olive oil 81x mPabulls

Acceptable range 05-40 mPabulls

Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania

Dip

arti

men

to d

i In

gegn

eria

Ele

ttri

ca E

lett

ron

ica

e d

ei S

iste

mi

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Inkjet Printing Systems

Everyday desktop printer (ie Epson) Dimatix DMP 2800

wwwdimatixcom

Microdrop inkjet system wwwmicrodropde

Litrex M-Series inkjet system wwwlitrexcom

Printing systems designed

or optimized for the application

Precision and accuracy Throughput speed and

productivity Maintenance and

reliability Electronic fluids

formulated to meet application standards

Ink jet print engine engineered for the

application Drop volume velocity

and placement control Robust and resistant to

electronic fluids High and precise drop

throw rate Wide range of substrates

and surface properties

Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania

Dip

arti

men

to d

i In

gegn

eria

Ele

ttri

ca E

lett

ron

ica

e d

ei S

iste

mi

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Printed Electronics Inks

INKS To design printed electronics one needs a number of different materials that have completely different features but need to be adjusted to each other The most important materials are

Conductors electrical conducting polymers for structures of electrodes

Semiconductors electrical semi conducting polymers for transistors and diodes

Dielectrics electrical insulating polymers to divide between semi-conducting and conducting layers

Functional a polymer whose properties are function of some physical quantities of interest

Conductive Polymers

Metal Particle Inks

Conductors

There are only few commercially available inks suitable for inkjet printing Often custom inks formulation are required

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Conductive polymers PEDOTPSS

The PEDOTPSS in ldquoourrdquo language It is an organic polymer that conduces electricity It is commercially available as a dispersion in water (typically at 1-3 wt solids) (Sigma AldrichHC StarckBayerAGFA etc)

It is compatible with inkjet printing after simple pre-processing (dilutionfiltering)

Baytron P from Bayer main Characteristics Solid content 12 ndash 14 Viscosity 60 ndash 100 mPas (olive oil = 81 mPas) It probably needs to be diluted (20 mPas)

pH-value 15 ndash 25 Conductivity max 10 Scm (depending on the type of coating formulation) Density at 20 degC 1003 gcm^3 Mean particle size approx 80 nm (filtering to avoid nozzles clogging) Surf tension at 20 degC 71 mNm (that will determine the adhesion)

3cm

02cm 01mm

RPEDOTPSS = 150 Ω RCOPPER = 025 μΩ

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Conductive polymers PANI

PANI or Polyaniline

is a conducting polymer Although it was discovered over 150 years ago only recently has polyaniline captured the attention of the scientific community due to the discovery of its high electrical conductivity Sigma Aldrich (650013) ndash PANI main properties

Concentration 2-3 wt (dispersion in xylene) Particle size lt 400 nm Conductivity 10-20 Scm (film) Viscosity 3 mPas Density 09 gml 25 degC

It has an acidbase doping response that allows polyaniline to be used in chemical vapor

sensors

We will use it as a functional polymer (gas sensors)

Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Conductive Polymers Vs Metal Particle Inks

Features Conductive Polymers Metal particle inks

Price 400 eurokg 5000 ndash 10000 eurokg

Conductivity Low (10 Scm typical) High (gt 10 kScm)

Cure temperature Low (50 ndash 100 degC) High (300 ndash 500 degC)

Preprocessing DilutionFiltering None

Adhesion Medium-Low Very good

Compatibility Good performances even with common desktop printer printheads

Only dedicated Piezoelectric Printheads

Availability Few general purpose dispersions

Many different commercial inks application specific

Conductive Polymers

Metal Particle Inks

VS

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Metal Particle inks

Price 5000 ndash 10000 eurokg

Cabot - CCI 300 httpwwwcabot-corpcom

A functioning 950 MHz RFID tag with Spectra SE128 printed antenna

Inkjet printed test pattern demonstrated on variety of substrates

1048707 Paper PET PEN 1048707 FR4 polyimide 1048707 Display glass ITO coated glass Si

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 13

Printer Epson Stylus color 480 SXU Plates PEDOTPSS (Bayer - Baytron P) Dielectric PBPDA-PD from Aldrich (PI after heating) R = 17 MΩ C = 50 pF τ = 085 ms

All-polymer capacitor fabricated with inkjet printing technique Yi Liu Tianhong Cui Kody Varahramyan

Institute for Micromanufacturing Louisiana Tech University 911 Hergot Avenue PO Box 10137 Ruston LA 71272 USA Received 17 November 2002 received in revised form 28 January 2003 accepted 31 January 2003

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 23

Printer Microdrop Ink PEDOTPSS (Clevios PH 500)

Inkjet Printing of Microsensors Hussein Al-Chami Student Member IEEE and Edmond Cretu Member IEEE

Department of Electrical amp Computer Engineering University of British Columbia Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 33

Process Screen printing for the electrodes and inkjet (Dimatix) for the PANI Ink Silver nanoparticles (Acheson) + custom prepared PANI ink

Fabrication of chemical sensors using inkjet printing and application to gas detection Karl Crowley Aoife Morrin Malcolm R Smyth Anthony J Killard

Sensors and Separations Group School of Chemical Sciences National Centre for Sensor Research Dublin City University Dublin 9 Ireland

Evolution of inkjet printed droplet of nanoPANI solution over time

Real device

LAYOUT

Substrate membrane

Resistive sensor Final device

Printed SensorsDIEEI Resistive Pressure sensors

Exp

erim

en

tal

set-

up

Bottom electrode Oring Top Electrode

L

A

Y

O

U

T

Real device

Printed SensorsDIEEI Capacitive Pressure sensors

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8-01

0

01

02

03

Tempo (s)

Pre

ssio

ne

(P

a)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8-05

0

05

1

15

Tempo (s)

Vo

ut (V

)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

-10

0

10

Tempo (s)

Se

nsib

ilitagrave

(V

Pa

)

Time (s)

Time (s)

Pre

ssu

re (

Pa)

L= half-width from strain gauges to the point where it enters the mass b= basic support h= thick paper E= module of Young

2

6

Ebh

FLmgF

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

An experimental set-up was realized for the device characterization which exploits the following relationship between an applied load and the strain

l= 2 s=t= 004

l= 2 s=t= 004

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

Device

number

Width Tracks(m) Spacing (m) Device Leght(cm)

1 300 300 1

2 300 300 15

3 300 300 2

4 400 400 1

5 400 400 15

6 400 400 2

7 200 200 15

8 200 200 1

9 200 200 2

10 100 100 1

11 100 100 15

12 100 100 2

Device Leght(cm)

Tracks Width (m)

Spacing ( m)

DR R0 = G ( dl l ) = G

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

LAYOUT

Strain Gauges have been realized by inkjet printing techniques implemented through bulla nano-Silver ink bulla commercial printer and a silver ink

Metalonreg JS-B15P Water-based nano-Silver ink These components are electrically conductive inks designed to produce circuits on porous substrates such as paper and treated polymer films including NoveleTM IJ-220 coated PET JS-B15P ink is specially formulated for stability for piezo-ink jet printing methods

Printed SensorsDIEEI Technologies

An analysis of the Active areas by a optical microscope revealed a minimum spatial resolution of 200 μm (track width and spcing)

Below 200 μm

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

Over 200 μm

Electron microscopy (SEM) images of the silver layer deposited on the device The structure of the silver tracks is quite homogeneous at the inspected scales and an approximate thickness of 190 microm has been estimated

(b)

A dedicated socket was realized to provide electrical contacts

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

PEDOTPSS + GRAPHENE

ZnO

PEDOT PANI GRAPHENE ZnO

Cl2 X

CH4 X X

CO X X

CO2 X X

H2 X

H2S X

NO X

NO2 X X X

NH3 X X X

- Low Cost Tecnology - Commercial Printers - Good Resolution - Fast Prototyping - A lot of Printable Materials

SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy

Development of low cost devices integrated into non-linear bistable flexible system

bull Bistable flexible PET beam (switches harvesters hellip)

bull Study and exploit the device dynamics

bull Low cost solutions for strain measurements electrodes and other passive structureshelliphellip

helliphellipinkjet printing

Non linear beamDIEEI Sensor LAB

End Set-up

SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy

Linear resonant devices bull Perform well when excited at their mechanical resonance bull Large sizes and masses are required at low frequencies bull Poor efficiency far from resonant operations

Non linear devices bull Overcome linear resonant devices limits bull Allow for scavenging a significant amount of energy from signals in a wide range of low frequencies

Non linear beam DIEEI Sensor LAB

End Set-up

There are many tools that can measure the flow but all of this are Commercial Devices bull large (8-10 cm or more) bull heavy (hundreds of grams) bull expensive ( 30 euro ndash 200 euro )

Printed Solution Printed Flow Sensor is bullCheap (Normal Inkjet Printer) bullLight (few grams) bullSmall (3-4 cm)

Application

Very simple idea put the sensor inside a tube with a hydraulic flow To the passage of hydraulic flow the sensor will flex in proportion to the intensity of the flow itself by varying its electrical resistance

120549R = 0

120549R = X

Pump

Sensor SG

Hydraulic Circuit Realization

Sensors

Conditioning Acquisition Processing

Alimentation Pump

System Modeling

Pump OFF

Velocity 1

Velocity 2

Acquisition step

Mean of each step

Repeat this process for 10 acquisition

Ascending period Descending period

then average each column to obtain two Model

That I consider divide in two periods

And so onhellip

Quadratic interpolation

Ascending Model With quadratic interpolation

Descending Model With quadratic interpolation

MODEL

MODEL

Quadratic Calibration Diagram

Saturation

Static friction

Ascending Calibration diagram

Descending Calibration diagram

Why Probabily because at 4 velocity the SG sensor is maximum deform

Why Because at start SG sensor must overcome Static friction

Then reverse the interpolation equation and use the Accuracy Band to obtain

Linear Calibration Diagram with a reduced operating field

But if we working with a reduced operating range for example from velocity 1 at 4 we can use a linear interpolation to obtain linear model

SG MATRIX FOR ESTIMATION

OF DEFORMATIONS OF

KNEE PROSTHESIS INSERT

APPLICATION POINTS

1

2

3

4

5

1

2

3

4

5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

distribuzione interpolata 3D

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Stress Measurement of Prosthesys Insert Layer to Verify Reliability of materials and prosthesys health

Up to 16 Strain Gauge Sensors Miniaturization Strategy

WHY

MUX

Sensing methodology bullSG Technology bullINKJET Printing bullSilver Ink

Implementation of sperimental Set-up

As can be seen from the layout shown in the figure it was tried to obtain a structure that oppose a minimum resistance to the weight application and it had a rigid base on which to fix the power sensor matrix

Implementation of sperimental Set-up

It was necessary to test the repeatability of measurements using the SET-UP shown above because the presence of friction could have affected in a non-negligible effect on the measurements

5 different weights were used and the weight of the structure to build the following graph through 20 different measurements and were calculated by the software Matlab the standard deviation and the mean for each so as to obtain the range of uncertainty of the measurements

1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 640

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80taratura (b=2sigmak=3sigma)

misure (16)

peso

[g]

weights applied[g]

wei

ghts

me

asu

red

[g]

44 50 56 62 68 72

This study shows that the measurement results are repeatable and the maximum standard deviation is 08g In the figure the yellow line corresponds to 1σ the blue line corresponds to 2σ while the black band corresponds to 3σ (σ is the standard deviation and assuming a Gaussian distribution which is equal to the standard deviation)

PRINTED TOUCHMASS SENSOR

LOW State

HIGH State

COMPARATOR

- Low Cost Touch Device

- Weareable Electronic

WHY - Inkjet Printing - Capacitive Interdigitated Printed Sensor - Dielectric Constant Variation - Two Different Conditioning Approach

- Bridge Circuit and Voltage Amplification

- Frequency Modulation Technique

Methodology

IDT Silver Ink

Rubber Dielectric Layer

PET Substrate Protective Layer

Plexiglass Support

PET

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

SENSOR

INA111

RC BRIDGE BUFFER INSTRUM AMPLIFIER

FILTER

RECTIFIER

SENSOR

AC

AMP - +

FILTER + RECTIFIER

CIRCUIT CONDITIONING

ADC DEVICE

GUI amp ACQUISITION WORKSPACE

OSCILLOSCOPE

Printed touch sensor

Working mode

d variation

Tested sensors

Davide Mandragrave

Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge

Advantages

High sensitivity

gt 200 mV

Drawbacks

Offset

waveforms out of

phase

Davide Mandragrave

WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR

But hellip what about x

THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED

∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF

WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g

Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

Printed Heater Device

THE HEATER

The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec

From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

τ = 65 sec

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

Printed Gas Sensors

PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)

bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm

PET Substrate thickness 200um

PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um

EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS

Measurement Set-up

Page 10: Technology….. ….Inkjet Printing - DIEES - Home Page ·  · 2016-12-21Printed Electronics: Inkjet Printed Sensors Overview of Graphic Art Printing systems Why inkjet printing?

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Inkjet printing methods

bull Continuos Printing bull DOD (smaller drop size higher placement accuracy)

bull Thermal DOD (needs water thus restricting possible inks) bull Piezoelectric DOD (can be suited for a variety of solvents)

Continuos Printing System

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Piezoelectric Printheads

Less complex system no recirculation More energy to produce a droplet Typical rate tens of kHz Smaller drop size higher placement accuracy Low-end printer market

water 089 mPabulls xylene 093 mPabulls ethanol 107 mPabulls mercury 153 mPabulls olive oil 81x mPabulls

Acceptable range 05-40 mPabulls

Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania

Dip

arti

men

to d

i In

gegn

eria

Ele

ttri

ca E

lett

ron

ica

e d

ei S

iste

mi

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Inkjet Printing Systems

Everyday desktop printer (ie Epson) Dimatix DMP 2800

wwwdimatixcom

Microdrop inkjet system wwwmicrodropde

Litrex M-Series inkjet system wwwlitrexcom

Printing systems designed

or optimized for the application

Precision and accuracy Throughput speed and

productivity Maintenance and

reliability Electronic fluids

formulated to meet application standards

Ink jet print engine engineered for the

application Drop volume velocity

and placement control Robust and resistant to

electronic fluids High and precise drop

throw rate Wide range of substrates

and surface properties

Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania

Dip

arti

men

to d

i In

gegn

eria

Ele

ttri

ca E

lett

ron

ica

e d

ei S

iste

mi

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Printed Electronics Inks

INKS To design printed electronics one needs a number of different materials that have completely different features but need to be adjusted to each other The most important materials are

Conductors electrical conducting polymers for structures of electrodes

Semiconductors electrical semi conducting polymers for transistors and diodes

Dielectrics electrical insulating polymers to divide between semi-conducting and conducting layers

Functional a polymer whose properties are function of some physical quantities of interest

Conductive Polymers

Metal Particle Inks

Conductors

There are only few commercially available inks suitable for inkjet printing Often custom inks formulation are required

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Conductive polymers PEDOTPSS

The PEDOTPSS in ldquoourrdquo language It is an organic polymer that conduces electricity It is commercially available as a dispersion in water (typically at 1-3 wt solids) (Sigma AldrichHC StarckBayerAGFA etc)

It is compatible with inkjet printing after simple pre-processing (dilutionfiltering)

Baytron P from Bayer main Characteristics Solid content 12 ndash 14 Viscosity 60 ndash 100 mPas (olive oil = 81 mPas) It probably needs to be diluted (20 mPas)

pH-value 15 ndash 25 Conductivity max 10 Scm (depending on the type of coating formulation) Density at 20 degC 1003 gcm^3 Mean particle size approx 80 nm (filtering to avoid nozzles clogging) Surf tension at 20 degC 71 mNm (that will determine the adhesion)

3cm

02cm 01mm

RPEDOTPSS = 150 Ω RCOPPER = 025 μΩ

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Conductive polymers PANI

PANI or Polyaniline

is a conducting polymer Although it was discovered over 150 years ago only recently has polyaniline captured the attention of the scientific community due to the discovery of its high electrical conductivity Sigma Aldrich (650013) ndash PANI main properties

Concentration 2-3 wt (dispersion in xylene) Particle size lt 400 nm Conductivity 10-20 Scm (film) Viscosity 3 mPas Density 09 gml 25 degC

It has an acidbase doping response that allows polyaniline to be used in chemical vapor

sensors

We will use it as a functional polymer (gas sensors)

Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Conductive Polymers Vs Metal Particle Inks

Features Conductive Polymers Metal particle inks

Price 400 eurokg 5000 ndash 10000 eurokg

Conductivity Low (10 Scm typical) High (gt 10 kScm)

Cure temperature Low (50 ndash 100 degC) High (300 ndash 500 degC)

Preprocessing DilutionFiltering None

Adhesion Medium-Low Very good

Compatibility Good performances even with common desktop printer printheads

Only dedicated Piezoelectric Printheads

Availability Few general purpose dispersions

Many different commercial inks application specific

Conductive Polymers

Metal Particle Inks

VS

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Metal Particle inks

Price 5000 ndash 10000 eurokg

Cabot - CCI 300 httpwwwcabot-corpcom

A functioning 950 MHz RFID tag with Spectra SE128 printed antenna

Inkjet printed test pattern demonstrated on variety of substrates

1048707 Paper PET PEN 1048707 FR4 polyimide 1048707 Display glass ITO coated glass Si

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 13

Printer Epson Stylus color 480 SXU Plates PEDOTPSS (Bayer - Baytron P) Dielectric PBPDA-PD from Aldrich (PI after heating) R = 17 MΩ C = 50 pF τ = 085 ms

All-polymer capacitor fabricated with inkjet printing technique Yi Liu Tianhong Cui Kody Varahramyan

Institute for Micromanufacturing Louisiana Tech University 911 Hergot Avenue PO Box 10137 Ruston LA 71272 USA Received 17 November 2002 received in revised form 28 January 2003 accepted 31 January 2003

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 23

Printer Microdrop Ink PEDOTPSS (Clevios PH 500)

Inkjet Printing of Microsensors Hussein Al-Chami Student Member IEEE and Edmond Cretu Member IEEE

Department of Electrical amp Computer Engineering University of British Columbia Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 33

Process Screen printing for the electrodes and inkjet (Dimatix) for the PANI Ink Silver nanoparticles (Acheson) + custom prepared PANI ink

Fabrication of chemical sensors using inkjet printing and application to gas detection Karl Crowley Aoife Morrin Malcolm R Smyth Anthony J Killard

Sensors and Separations Group School of Chemical Sciences National Centre for Sensor Research Dublin City University Dublin 9 Ireland

Evolution of inkjet printed droplet of nanoPANI solution over time

Real device

LAYOUT

Substrate membrane

Resistive sensor Final device

Printed SensorsDIEEI Resistive Pressure sensors

Exp

erim

en

tal

set-

up

Bottom electrode Oring Top Electrode

L

A

Y

O

U

T

Real device

Printed SensorsDIEEI Capacitive Pressure sensors

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8-01

0

01

02

03

Tempo (s)

Pre

ssio

ne

(P

a)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8-05

0

05

1

15

Tempo (s)

Vo

ut (V

)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

-10

0

10

Tempo (s)

Se

nsib

ilitagrave

(V

Pa

)

Time (s)

Time (s)

Pre

ssu

re (

Pa)

L= half-width from strain gauges to the point where it enters the mass b= basic support h= thick paper E= module of Young

2

6

Ebh

FLmgF

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

An experimental set-up was realized for the device characterization which exploits the following relationship between an applied load and the strain

l= 2 s=t= 004

l= 2 s=t= 004

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

Device

number

Width Tracks(m) Spacing (m) Device Leght(cm)

1 300 300 1

2 300 300 15

3 300 300 2

4 400 400 1

5 400 400 15

6 400 400 2

7 200 200 15

8 200 200 1

9 200 200 2

10 100 100 1

11 100 100 15

12 100 100 2

Device Leght(cm)

Tracks Width (m)

Spacing ( m)

DR R0 = G ( dl l ) = G

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

LAYOUT

Strain Gauges have been realized by inkjet printing techniques implemented through bulla nano-Silver ink bulla commercial printer and a silver ink

Metalonreg JS-B15P Water-based nano-Silver ink These components are electrically conductive inks designed to produce circuits on porous substrates such as paper and treated polymer films including NoveleTM IJ-220 coated PET JS-B15P ink is specially formulated for stability for piezo-ink jet printing methods

Printed SensorsDIEEI Technologies

An analysis of the Active areas by a optical microscope revealed a minimum spatial resolution of 200 μm (track width and spcing)

Below 200 μm

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

Over 200 μm

Electron microscopy (SEM) images of the silver layer deposited on the device The structure of the silver tracks is quite homogeneous at the inspected scales and an approximate thickness of 190 microm has been estimated

(b)

A dedicated socket was realized to provide electrical contacts

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

PEDOTPSS + GRAPHENE

ZnO

PEDOT PANI GRAPHENE ZnO

Cl2 X

CH4 X X

CO X X

CO2 X X

H2 X

H2S X

NO X

NO2 X X X

NH3 X X X

- Low Cost Tecnology - Commercial Printers - Good Resolution - Fast Prototyping - A lot of Printable Materials

SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy

Development of low cost devices integrated into non-linear bistable flexible system

bull Bistable flexible PET beam (switches harvesters hellip)

bull Study and exploit the device dynamics

bull Low cost solutions for strain measurements electrodes and other passive structureshelliphellip

helliphellipinkjet printing

Non linear beamDIEEI Sensor LAB

End Set-up

SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy

Linear resonant devices bull Perform well when excited at their mechanical resonance bull Large sizes and masses are required at low frequencies bull Poor efficiency far from resonant operations

Non linear devices bull Overcome linear resonant devices limits bull Allow for scavenging a significant amount of energy from signals in a wide range of low frequencies

Non linear beam DIEEI Sensor LAB

End Set-up

There are many tools that can measure the flow but all of this are Commercial Devices bull large (8-10 cm or more) bull heavy (hundreds of grams) bull expensive ( 30 euro ndash 200 euro )

Printed Solution Printed Flow Sensor is bullCheap (Normal Inkjet Printer) bullLight (few grams) bullSmall (3-4 cm)

Application

Very simple idea put the sensor inside a tube with a hydraulic flow To the passage of hydraulic flow the sensor will flex in proportion to the intensity of the flow itself by varying its electrical resistance

120549R = 0

120549R = X

Pump

Sensor SG

Hydraulic Circuit Realization

Sensors

Conditioning Acquisition Processing

Alimentation Pump

System Modeling

Pump OFF

Velocity 1

Velocity 2

Acquisition step

Mean of each step

Repeat this process for 10 acquisition

Ascending period Descending period

then average each column to obtain two Model

That I consider divide in two periods

And so onhellip

Quadratic interpolation

Ascending Model With quadratic interpolation

Descending Model With quadratic interpolation

MODEL

MODEL

Quadratic Calibration Diagram

Saturation

Static friction

Ascending Calibration diagram

Descending Calibration diagram

Why Probabily because at 4 velocity the SG sensor is maximum deform

Why Because at start SG sensor must overcome Static friction

Then reverse the interpolation equation and use the Accuracy Band to obtain

Linear Calibration Diagram with a reduced operating field

But if we working with a reduced operating range for example from velocity 1 at 4 we can use a linear interpolation to obtain linear model

SG MATRIX FOR ESTIMATION

OF DEFORMATIONS OF

KNEE PROSTHESIS INSERT

APPLICATION POINTS

1

2

3

4

5

1

2

3

4

5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

distribuzione interpolata 3D

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Stress Measurement of Prosthesys Insert Layer to Verify Reliability of materials and prosthesys health

Up to 16 Strain Gauge Sensors Miniaturization Strategy

WHY

MUX

Sensing methodology bullSG Technology bullINKJET Printing bullSilver Ink

Implementation of sperimental Set-up

As can be seen from the layout shown in the figure it was tried to obtain a structure that oppose a minimum resistance to the weight application and it had a rigid base on which to fix the power sensor matrix

Implementation of sperimental Set-up

It was necessary to test the repeatability of measurements using the SET-UP shown above because the presence of friction could have affected in a non-negligible effect on the measurements

5 different weights were used and the weight of the structure to build the following graph through 20 different measurements and were calculated by the software Matlab the standard deviation and the mean for each so as to obtain the range of uncertainty of the measurements

1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 640

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80taratura (b=2sigmak=3sigma)

misure (16)

peso

[g]

weights applied[g]

wei

ghts

me

asu

red

[g]

44 50 56 62 68 72

This study shows that the measurement results are repeatable and the maximum standard deviation is 08g In the figure the yellow line corresponds to 1σ the blue line corresponds to 2σ while the black band corresponds to 3σ (σ is the standard deviation and assuming a Gaussian distribution which is equal to the standard deviation)

PRINTED TOUCHMASS SENSOR

LOW State

HIGH State

COMPARATOR

- Low Cost Touch Device

- Weareable Electronic

WHY - Inkjet Printing - Capacitive Interdigitated Printed Sensor - Dielectric Constant Variation - Two Different Conditioning Approach

- Bridge Circuit and Voltage Amplification

- Frequency Modulation Technique

Methodology

IDT Silver Ink

Rubber Dielectric Layer

PET Substrate Protective Layer

Plexiglass Support

PET

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

SENSOR

INA111

RC BRIDGE BUFFER INSTRUM AMPLIFIER

FILTER

RECTIFIER

SENSOR

AC

AMP - +

FILTER + RECTIFIER

CIRCUIT CONDITIONING

ADC DEVICE

GUI amp ACQUISITION WORKSPACE

OSCILLOSCOPE

Printed touch sensor

Working mode

d variation

Tested sensors

Davide Mandragrave

Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge

Advantages

High sensitivity

gt 200 mV

Drawbacks

Offset

waveforms out of

phase

Davide Mandragrave

WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR

But hellip what about x

THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED

∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF

WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g

Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

Printed Heater Device

THE HEATER

The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec

From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

τ = 65 sec

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

Printed Gas Sensors

PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)

bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm

PET Substrate thickness 200um

PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um

EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS

Measurement Set-up

Page 11: Technology….. ….Inkjet Printing - DIEES - Home Page ·  · 2016-12-21Printed Electronics: Inkjet Printed Sensors Overview of Graphic Art Printing systems Why inkjet printing?

Continuos Printing System

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Piezoelectric Printheads

Less complex system no recirculation More energy to produce a droplet Typical rate tens of kHz Smaller drop size higher placement accuracy Low-end printer market

water 089 mPabulls xylene 093 mPabulls ethanol 107 mPabulls mercury 153 mPabulls olive oil 81x mPabulls

Acceptable range 05-40 mPabulls

Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania

Dip

arti

men

to d

i In

gegn

eria

Ele

ttri

ca E

lett

ron

ica

e d

ei S

iste

mi

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Inkjet Printing Systems

Everyday desktop printer (ie Epson) Dimatix DMP 2800

wwwdimatixcom

Microdrop inkjet system wwwmicrodropde

Litrex M-Series inkjet system wwwlitrexcom

Printing systems designed

or optimized for the application

Precision and accuracy Throughput speed and

productivity Maintenance and

reliability Electronic fluids

formulated to meet application standards

Ink jet print engine engineered for the

application Drop volume velocity

and placement control Robust and resistant to

electronic fluids High and precise drop

throw rate Wide range of substrates

and surface properties

Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania

Dip

arti

men

to d

i In

gegn

eria

Ele

ttri

ca E

lett

ron

ica

e d

ei S

iste

mi

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Printed Electronics Inks

INKS To design printed electronics one needs a number of different materials that have completely different features but need to be adjusted to each other The most important materials are

Conductors electrical conducting polymers for structures of electrodes

Semiconductors electrical semi conducting polymers for transistors and diodes

Dielectrics electrical insulating polymers to divide between semi-conducting and conducting layers

Functional a polymer whose properties are function of some physical quantities of interest

Conductive Polymers

Metal Particle Inks

Conductors

There are only few commercially available inks suitable for inkjet printing Often custom inks formulation are required

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Conductive polymers PEDOTPSS

The PEDOTPSS in ldquoourrdquo language It is an organic polymer that conduces electricity It is commercially available as a dispersion in water (typically at 1-3 wt solids) (Sigma AldrichHC StarckBayerAGFA etc)

It is compatible with inkjet printing after simple pre-processing (dilutionfiltering)

Baytron P from Bayer main Characteristics Solid content 12 ndash 14 Viscosity 60 ndash 100 mPas (olive oil = 81 mPas) It probably needs to be diluted (20 mPas)

pH-value 15 ndash 25 Conductivity max 10 Scm (depending on the type of coating formulation) Density at 20 degC 1003 gcm^3 Mean particle size approx 80 nm (filtering to avoid nozzles clogging) Surf tension at 20 degC 71 mNm (that will determine the adhesion)

3cm

02cm 01mm

RPEDOTPSS = 150 Ω RCOPPER = 025 μΩ

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Conductive polymers PANI

PANI or Polyaniline

is a conducting polymer Although it was discovered over 150 years ago only recently has polyaniline captured the attention of the scientific community due to the discovery of its high electrical conductivity Sigma Aldrich (650013) ndash PANI main properties

Concentration 2-3 wt (dispersion in xylene) Particle size lt 400 nm Conductivity 10-20 Scm (film) Viscosity 3 mPas Density 09 gml 25 degC

It has an acidbase doping response that allows polyaniline to be used in chemical vapor

sensors

We will use it as a functional polymer (gas sensors)

Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Conductive Polymers Vs Metal Particle Inks

Features Conductive Polymers Metal particle inks

Price 400 eurokg 5000 ndash 10000 eurokg

Conductivity Low (10 Scm typical) High (gt 10 kScm)

Cure temperature Low (50 ndash 100 degC) High (300 ndash 500 degC)

Preprocessing DilutionFiltering None

Adhesion Medium-Low Very good

Compatibility Good performances even with common desktop printer printheads

Only dedicated Piezoelectric Printheads

Availability Few general purpose dispersions

Many different commercial inks application specific

Conductive Polymers

Metal Particle Inks

VS

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Metal Particle inks

Price 5000 ndash 10000 eurokg

Cabot - CCI 300 httpwwwcabot-corpcom

A functioning 950 MHz RFID tag with Spectra SE128 printed antenna

Inkjet printed test pattern demonstrated on variety of substrates

1048707 Paper PET PEN 1048707 FR4 polyimide 1048707 Display glass ITO coated glass Si

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 13

Printer Epson Stylus color 480 SXU Plates PEDOTPSS (Bayer - Baytron P) Dielectric PBPDA-PD from Aldrich (PI after heating) R = 17 MΩ C = 50 pF τ = 085 ms

All-polymer capacitor fabricated with inkjet printing technique Yi Liu Tianhong Cui Kody Varahramyan

Institute for Micromanufacturing Louisiana Tech University 911 Hergot Avenue PO Box 10137 Ruston LA 71272 USA Received 17 November 2002 received in revised form 28 January 2003 accepted 31 January 2003

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 23

Printer Microdrop Ink PEDOTPSS (Clevios PH 500)

Inkjet Printing of Microsensors Hussein Al-Chami Student Member IEEE and Edmond Cretu Member IEEE

Department of Electrical amp Computer Engineering University of British Columbia Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 33

Process Screen printing for the electrodes and inkjet (Dimatix) for the PANI Ink Silver nanoparticles (Acheson) + custom prepared PANI ink

Fabrication of chemical sensors using inkjet printing and application to gas detection Karl Crowley Aoife Morrin Malcolm R Smyth Anthony J Killard

Sensors and Separations Group School of Chemical Sciences National Centre for Sensor Research Dublin City University Dublin 9 Ireland

Evolution of inkjet printed droplet of nanoPANI solution over time

Real device

LAYOUT

Substrate membrane

Resistive sensor Final device

Printed SensorsDIEEI Resistive Pressure sensors

Exp

erim

en

tal

set-

up

Bottom electrode Oring Top Electrode

L

A

Y

O

U

T

Real device

Printed SensorsDIEEI Capacitive Pressure sensors

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8-01

0

01

02

03

Tempo (s)

Pre

ssio

ne

(P

a)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8-05

0

05

1

15

Tempo (s)

Vo

ut (V

)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

-10

0

10

Tempo (s)

Se

nsib

ilitagrave

(V

Pa

)

Time (s)

Time (s)

Pre

ssu

re (

Pa)

L= half-width from strain gauges to the point where it enters the mass b= basic support h= thick paper E= module of Young

2

6

Ebh

FLmgF

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

An experimental set-up was realized for the device characterization which exploits the following relationship between an applied load and the strain

l= 2 s=t= 004

l= 2 s=t= 004

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

Device

number

Width Tracks(m) Spacing (m) Device Leght(cm)

1 300 300 1

2 300 300 15

3 300 300 2

4 400 400 1

5 400 400 15

6 400 400 2

7 200 200 15

8 200 200 1

9 200 200 2

10 100 100 1

11 100 100 15

12 100 100 2

Device Leght(cm)

Tracks Width (m)

Spacing ( m)

DR R0 = G ( dl l ) = G

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

LAYOUT

Strain Gauges have been realized by inkjet printing techniques implemented through bulla nano-Silver ink bulla commercial printer and a silver ink

Metalonreg JS-B15P Water-based nano-Silver ink These components are electrically conductive inks designed to produce circuits on porous substrates such as paper and treated polymer films including NoveleTM IJ-220 coated PET JS-B15P ink is specially formulated for stability for piezo-ink jet printing methods

Printed SensorsDIEEI Technologies

An analysis of the Active areas by a optical microscope revealed a minimum spatial resolution of 200 μm (track width and spcing)

Below 200 μm

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

Over 200 μm

Electron microscopy (SEM) images of the silver layer deposited on the device The structure of the silver tracks is quite homogeneous at the inspected scales and an approximate thickness of 190 microm has been estimated

(b)

A dedicated socket was realized to provide electrical contacts

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

PEDOTPSS + GRAPHENE

ZnO

PEDOT PANI GRAPHENE ZnO

Cl2 X

CH4 X X

CO X X

CO2 X X

H2 X

H2S X

NO X

NO2 X X X

NH3 X X X

- Low Cost Tecnology - Commercial Printers - Good Resolution - Fast Prototyping - A lot of Printable Materials

SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy

Development of low cost devices integrated into non-linear bistable flexible system

bull Bistable flexible PET beam (switches harvesters hellip)

bull Study and exploit the device dynamics

bull Low cost solutions for strain measurements electrodes and other passive structureshelliphellip

helliphellipinkjet printing

Non linear beamDIEEI Sensor LAB

End Set-up

SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy

Linear resonant devices bull Perform well when excited at their mechanical resonance bull Large sizes and masses are required at low frequencies bull Poor efficiency far from resonant operations

Non linear devices bull Overcome linear resonant devices limits bull Allow for scavenging a significant amount of energy from signals in a wide range of low frequencies

Non linear beam DIEEI Sensor LAB

End Set-up

There are many tools that can measure the flow but all of this are Commercial Devices bull large (8-10 cm or more) bull heavy (hundreds of grams) bull expensive ( 30 euro ndash 200 euro )

Printed Solution Printed Flow Sensor is bullCheap (Normal Inkjet Printer) bullLight (few grams) bullSmall (3-4 cm)

Application

Very simple idea put the sensor inside a tube with a hydraulic flow To the passage of hydraulic flow the sensor will flex in proportion to the intensity of the flow itself by varying its electrical resistance

120549R = 0

120549R = X

Pump

Sensor SG

Hydraulic Circuit Realization

Sensors

Conditioning Acquisition Processing

Alimentation Pump

System Modeling

Pump OFF

Velocity 1

Velocity 2

Acquisition step

Mean of each step

Repeat this process for 10 acquisition

Ascending period Descending period

then average each column to obtain two Model

That I consider divide in two periods

And so onhellip

Quadratic interpolation

Ascending Model With quadratic interpolation

Descending Model With quadratic interpolation

MODEL

MODEL

Quadratic Calibration Diagram

Saturation

Static friction

Ascending Calibration diagram

Descending Calibration diagram

Why Probabily because at 4 velocity the SG sensor is maximum deform

Why Because at start SG sensor must overcome Static friction

Then reverse the interpolation equation and use the Accuracy Band to obtain

Linear Calibration Diagram with a reduced operating field

But if we working with a reduced operating range for example from velocity 1 at 4 we can use a linear interpolation to obtain linear model

SG MATRIX FOR ESTIMATION

OF DEFORMATIONS OF

KNEE PROSTHESIS INSERT

APPLICATION POINTS

1

2

3

4

5

1

2

3

4

5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

distribuzione interpolata 3D

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Stress Measurement of Prosthesys Insert Layer to Verify Reliability of materials and prosthesys health

Up to 16 Strain Gauge Sensors Miniaturization Strategy

WHY

MUX

Sensing methodology bullSG Technology bullINKJET Printing bullSilver Ink

Implementation of sperimental Set-up

As can be seen from the layout shown in the figure it was tried to obtain a structure that oppose a minimum resistance to the weight application and it had a rigid base on which to fix the power sensor matrix

Implementation of sperimental Set-up

It was necessary to test the repeatability of measurements using the SET-UP shown above because the presence of friction could have affected in a non-negligible effect on the measurements

5 different weights were used and the weight of the structure to build the following graph through 20 different measurements and were calculated by the software Matlab the standard deviation and the mean for each so as to obtain the range of uncertainty of the measurements

1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 640

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80taratura (b=2sigmak=3sigma)

misure (16)

peso

[g]

weights applied[g]

wei

ghts

me

asu

red

[g]

44 50 56 62 68 72

This study shows that the measurement results are repeatable and the maximum standard deviation is 08g In the figure the yellow line corresponds to 1σ the blue line corresponds to 2σ while the black band corresponds to 3σ (σ is the standard deviation and assuming a Gaussian distribution which is equal to the standard deviation)

PRINTED TOUCHMASS SENSOR

LOW State

HIGH State

COMPARATOR

- Low Cost Touch Device

- Weareable Electronic

WHY - Inkjet Printing - Capacitive Interdigitated Printed Sensor - Dielectric Constant Variation - Two Different Conditioning Approach

- Bridge Circuit and Voltage Amplification

- Frequency Modulation Technique

Methodology

IDT Silver Ink

Rubber Dielectric Layer

PET Substrate Protective Layer

Plexiglass Support

PET

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

SENSOR

INA111

RC BRIDGE BUFFER INSTRUM AMPLIFIER

FILTER

RECTIFIER

SENSOR

AC

AMP - +

FILTER + RECTIFIER

CIRCUIT CONDITIONING

ADC DEVICE

GUI amp ACQUISITION WORKSPACE

OSCILLOSCOPE

Printed touch sensor

Working mode

d variation

Tested sensors

Davide Mandragrave

Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge

Advantages

High sensitivity

gt 200 mV

Drawbacks

Offset

waveforms out of

phase

Davide Mandragrave

WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR

But hellip what about x

THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED

∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF

WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g

Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

Printed Heater Device

THE HEATER

The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec

From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

τ = 65 sec

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

Printed Gas Sensors

PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)

bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm

PET Substrate thickness 200um

PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um

EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS

Measurement Set-up

Page 12: Technology….. ….Inkjet Printing - DIEES - Home Page ·  · 2016-12-21Printed Electronics: Inkjet Printed Sensors Overview of Graphic Art Printing systems Why inkjet printing?

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Piezoelectric Printheads

Less complex system no recirculation More energy to produce a droplet Typical rate tens of kHz Smaller drop size higher placement accuracy Low-end printer market

water 089 mPabulls xylene 093 mPabulls ethanol 107 mPabulls mercury 153 mPabulls olive oil 81x mPabulls

Acceptable range 05-40 mPabulls

Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania

Dip

arti

men

to d

i In

gegn

eria

Ele

ttri

ca E

lett

ron

ica

e d

ei S

iste

mi

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Inkjet Printing Systems

Everyday desktop printer (ie Epson) Dimatix DMP 2800

wwwdimatixcom

Microdrop inkjet system wwwmicrodropde

Litrex M-Series inkjet system wwwlitrexcom

Printing systems designed

or optimized for the application

Precision and accuracy Throughput speed and

productivity Maintenance and

reliability Electronic fluids

formulated to meet application standards

Ink jet print engine engineered for the

application Drop volume velocity

and placement control Robust and resistant to

electronic fluids High and precise drop

throw rate Wide range of substrates

and surface properties

Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania

Dip

arti

men

to d

i In

gegn

eria

Ele

ttri

ca E

lett

ron

ica

e d

ei S

iste

mi

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Printed Electronics Inks

INKS To design printed electronics one needs a number of different materials that have completely different features but need to be adjusted to each other The most important materials are

Conductors electrical conducting polymers for structures of electrodes

Semiconductors electrical semi conducting polymers for transistors and diodes

Dielectrics electrical insulating polymers to divide between semi-conducting and conducting layers

Functional a polymer whose properties are function of some physical quantities of interest

Conductive Polymers

Metal Particle Inks

Conductors

There are only few commercially available inks suitable for inkjet printing Often custom inks formulation are required

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Conductive polymers PEDOTPSS

The PEDOTPSS in ldquoourrdquo language It is an organic polymer that conduces electricity It is commercially available as a dispersion in water (typically at 1-3 wt solids) (Sigma AldrichHC StarckBayerAGFA etc)

It is compatible with inkjet printing after simple pre-processing (dilutionfiltering)

Baytron P from Bayer main Characteristics Solid content 12 ndash 14 Viscosity 60 ndash 100 mPas (olive oil = 81 mPas) It probably needs to be diluted (20 mPas)

pH-value 15 ndash 25 Conductivity max 10 Scm (depending on the type of coating formulation) Density at 20 degC 1003 gcm^3 Mean particle size approx 80 nm (filtering to avoid nozzles clogging) Surf tension at 20 degC 71 mNm (that will determine the adhesion)

3cm

02cm 01mm

RPEDOTPSS = 150 Ω RCOPPER = 025 μΩ

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Conductive polymers PANI

PANI or Polyaniline

is a conducting polymer Although it was discovered over 150 years ago only recently has polyaniline captured the attention of the scientific community due to the discovery of its high electrical conductivity Sigma Aldrich (650013) ndash PANI main properties

Concentration 2-3 wt (dispersion in xylene) Particle size lt 400 nm Conductivity 10-20 Scm (film) Viscosity 3 mPas Density 09 gml 25 degC

It has an acidbase doping response that allows polyaniline to be used in chemical vapor

sensors

We will use it as a functional polymer (gas sensors)

Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Conductive Polymers Vs Metal Particle Inks

Features Conductive Polymers Metal particle inks

Price 400 eurokg 5000 ndash 10000 eurokg

Conductivity Low (10 Scm typical) High (gt 10 kScm)

Cure temperature Low (50 ndash 100 degC) High (300 ndash 500 degC)

Preprocessing DilutionFiltering None

Adhesion Medium-Low Very good

Compatibility Good performances even with common desktop printer printheads

Only dedicated Piezoelectric Printheads

Availability Few general purpose dispersions

Many different commercial inks application specific

Conductive Polymers

Metal Particle Inks

VS

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Metal Particle inks

Price 5000 ndash 10000 eurokg

Cabot - CCI 300 httpwwwcabot-corpcom

A functioning 950 MHz RFID tag with Spectra SE128 printed antenna

Inkjet printed test pattern demonstrated on variety of substrates

1048707 Paper PET PEN 1048707 FR4 polyimide 1048707 Display glass ITO coated glass Si

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 13

Printer Epson Stylus color 480 SXU Plates PEDOTPSS (Bayer - Baytron P) Dielectric PBPDA-PD from Aldrich (PI after heating) R = 17 MΩ C = 50 pF τ = 085 ms

All-polymer capacitor fabricated with inkjet printing technique Yi Liu Tianhong Cui Kody Varahramyan

Institute for Micromanufacturing Louisiana Tech University 911 Hergot Avenue PO Box 10137 Ruston LA 71272 USA Received 17 November 2002 received in revised form 28 January 2003 accepted 31 January 2003

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 23

Printer Microdrop Ink PEDOTPSS (Clevios PH 500)

Inkjet Printing of Microsensors Hussein Al-Chami Student Member IEEE and Edmond Cretu Member IEEE

Department of Electrical amp Computer Engineering University of British Columbia Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 33

Process Screen printing for the electrodes and inkjet (Dimatix) for the PANI Ink Silver nanoparticles (Acheson) + custom prepared PANI ink

Fabrication of chemical sensors using inkjet printing and application to gas detection Karl Crowley Aoife Morrin Malcolm R Smyth Anthony J Killard

Sensors and Separations Group School of Chemical Sciences National Centre for Sensor Research Dublin City University Dublin 9 Ireland

Evolution of inkjet printed droplet of nanoPANI solution over time

Real device

LAYOUT

Substrate membrane

Resistive sensor Final device

Printed SensorsDIEEI Resistive Pressure sensors

Exp

erim

en

tal

set-

up

Bottom electrode Oring Top Electrode

L

A

Y

O

U

T

Real device

Printed SensorsDIEEI Capacitive Pressure sensors

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8-01

0

01

02

03

Tempo (s)

Pre

ssio

ne

(P

a)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8-05

0

05

1

15

Tempo (s)

Vo

ut (V

)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

-10

0

10

Tempo (s)

Se

nsib

ilitagrave

(V

Pa

)

Time (s)

Time (s)

Pre

ssu

re (

Pa)

L= half-width from strain gauges to the point where it enters the mass b= basic support h= thick paper E= module of Young

2

6

Ebh

FLmgF

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

An experimental set-up was realized for the device characterization which exploits the following relationship between an applied load and the strain

l= 2 s=t= 004

l= 2 s=t= 004

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

Device

number

Width Tracks(m) Spacing (m) Device Leght(cm)

1 300 300 1

2 300 300 15

3 300 300 2

4 400 400 1

5 400 400 15

6 400 400 2

7 200 200 15

8 200 200 1

9 200 200 2

10 100 100 1

11 100 100 15

12 100 100 2

Device Leght(cm)

Tracks Width (m)

Spacing ( m)

DR R0 = G ( dl l ) = G

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

LAYOUT

Strain Gauges have been realized by inkjet printing techniques implemented through bulla nano-Silver ink bulla commercial printer and a silver ink

Metalonreg JS-B15P Water-based nano-Silver ink These components are electrically conductive inks designed to produce circuits on porous substrates such as paper and treated polymer films including NoveleTM IJ-220 coated PET JS-B15P ink is specially formulated for stability for piezo-ink jet printing methods

Printed SensorsDIEEI Technologies

An analysis of the Active areas by a optical microscope revealed a minimum spatial resolution of 200 μm (track width and spcing)

Below 200 μm

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

Over 200 μm

Electron microscopy (SEM) images of the silver layer deposited on the device The structure of the silver tracks is quite homogeneous at the inspected scales and an approximate thickness of 190 microm has been estimated

(b)

A dedicated socket was realized to provide electrical contacts

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

PEDOTPSS + GRAPHENE

ZnO

PEDOT PANI GRAPHENE ZnO

Cl2 X

CH4 X X

CO X X

CO2 X X

H2 X

H2S X

NO X

NO2 X X X

NH3 X X X

- Low Cost Tecnology - Commercial Printers - Good Resolution - Fast Prototyping - A lot of Printable Materials

SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy

Development of low cost devices integrated into non-linear bistable flexible system

bull Bistable flexible PET beam (switches harvesters hellip)

bull Study and exploit the device dynamics

bull Low cost solutions for strain measurements electrodes and other passive structureshelliphellip

helliphellipinkjet printing

Non linear beamDIEEI Sensor LAB

End Set-up

SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy

Linear resonant devices bull Perform well when excited at their mechanical resonance bull Large sizes and masses are required at low frequencies bull Poor efficiency far from resonant operations

Non linear devices bull Overcome linear resonant devices limits bull Allow for scavenging a significant amount of energy from signals in a wide range of low frequencies

Non linear beam DIEEI Sensor LAB

End Set-up

There are many tools that can measure the flow but all of this are Commercial Devices bull large (8-10 cm or more) bull heavy (hundreds of grams) bull expensive ( 30 euro ndash 200 euro )

Printed Solution Printed Flow Sensor is bullCheap (Normal Inkjet Printer) bullLight (few grams) bullSmall (3-4 cm)

Application

Very simple idea put the sensor inside a tube with a hydraulic flow To the passage of hydraulic flow the sensor will flex in proportion to the intensity of the flow itself by varying its electrical resistance

120549R = 0

120549R = X

Pump

Sensor SG

Hydraulic Circuit Realization

Sensors

Conditioning Acquisition Processing

Alimentation Pump

System Modeling

Pump OFF

Velocity 1

Velocity 2

Acquisition step

Mean of each step

Repeat this process for 10 acquisition

Ascending period Descending period

then average each column to obtain two Model

That I consider divide in two periods

And so onhellip

Quadratic interpolation

Ascending Model With quadratic interpolation

Descending Model With quadratic interpolation

MODEL

MODEL

Quadratic Calibration Diagram

Saturation

Static friction

Ascending Calibration diagram

Descending Calibration diagram

Why Probabily because at 4 velocity the SG sensor is maximum deform

Why Because at start SG sensor must overcome Static friction

Then reverse the interpolation equation and use the Accuracy Band to obtain

Linear Calibration Diagram with a reduced operating field

But if we working with a reduced operating range for example from velocity 1 at 4 we can use a linear interpolation to obtain linear model

SG MATRIX FOR ESTIMATION

OF DEFORMATIONS OF

KNEE PROSTHESIS INSERT

APPLICATION POINTS

1

2

3

4

5

1

2

3

4

5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

distribuzione interpolata 3D

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Stress Measurement of Prosthesys Insert Layer to Verify Reliability of materials and prosthesys health

Up to 16 Strain Gauge Sensors Miniaturization Strategy

WHY

MUX

Sensing methodology bullSG Technology bullINKJET Printing bullSilver Ink

Implementation of sperimental Set-up

As can be seen from the layout shown in the figure it was tried to obtain a structure that oppose a minimum resistance to the weight application and it had a rigid base on which to fix the power sensor matrix

Implementation of sperimental Set-up

It was necessary to test the repeatability of measurements using the SET-UP shown above because the presence of friction could have affected in a non-negligible effect on the measurements

5 different weights were used and the weight of the structure to build the following graph through 20 different measurements and were calculated by the software Matlab the standard deviation and the mean for each so as to obtain the range of uncertainty of the measurements

1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 640

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80taratura (b=2sigmak=3sigma)

misure (16)

peso

[g]

weights applied[g]

wei

ghts

me

asu

red

[g]

44 50 56 62 68 72

This study shows that the measurement results are repeatable and the maximum standard deviation is 08g In the figure the yellow line corresponds to 1σ the blue line corresponds to 2σ while the black band corresponds to 3σ (σ is the standard deviation and assuming a Gaussian distribution which is equal to the standard deviation)

PRINTED TOUCHMASS SENSOR

LOW State

HIGH State

COMPARATOR

- Low Cost Touch Device

- Weareable Electronic

WHY - Inkjet Printing - Capacitive Interdigitated Printed Sensor - Dielectric Constant Variation - Two Different Conditioning Approach

- Bridge Circuit and Voltage Amplification

- Frequency Modulation Technique

Methodology

IDT Silver Ink

Rubber Dielectric Layer

PET Substrate Protective Layer

Plexiglass Support

PET

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

SENSOR

INA111

RC BRIDGE BUFFER INSTRUM AMPLIFIER

FILTER

RECTIFIER

SENSOR

AC

AMP - +

FILTER + RECTIFIER

CIRCUIT CONDITIONING

ADC DEVICE

GUI amp ACQUISITION WORKSPACE

OSCILLOSCOPE

Printed touch sensor

Working mode

d variation

Tested sensors

Davide Mandragrave

Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge

Advantages

High sensitivity

gt 200 mV

Drawbacks

Offset

waveforms out of

phase

Davide Mandragrave

WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR

But hellip what about x

THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED

∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF

WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g

Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

Printed Heater Device

THE HEATER

The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec

From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

τ = 65 sec

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

Printed Gas Sensors

PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)

bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm

PET Substrate thickness 200um

PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um

EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS

Measurement Set-up

Page 13: Technology….. ….Inkjet Printing - DIEES - Home Page ·  · 2016-12-21Printed Electronics: Inkjet Printed Sensors Overview of Graphic Art Printing systems Why inkjet printing?

Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania

Dip

arti

men

to d

i In

gegn

eria

Ele

ttri

ca E

lett

ron

ica

e d

ei S

iste

mi

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Inkjet Printing Systems

Everyday desktop printer (ie Epson) Dimatix DMP 2800

wwwdimatixcom

Microdrop inkjet system wwwmicrodropde

Litrex M-Series inkjet system wwwlitrexcom

Printing systems designed

or optimized for the application

Precision and accuracy Throughput speed and

productivity Maintenance and

reliability Electronic fluids

formulated to meet application standards

Ink jet print engine engineered for the

application Drop volume velocity

and placement control Robust and resistant to

electronic fluids High and precise drop

throw rate Wide range of substrates

and surface properties

Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania

Dip

arti

men

to d

i In

gegn

eria

Ele

ttri

ca E

lett

ron

ica

e d

ei S

iste

mi

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Printed Electronics Inks

INKS To design printed electronics one needs a number of different materials that have completely different features but need to be adjusted to each other The most important materials are

Conductors electrical conducting polymers for structures of electrodes

Semiconductors electrical semi conducting polymers for transistors and diodes

Dielectrics electrical insulating polymers to divide between semi-conducting and conducting layers

Functional a polymer whose properties are function of some physical quantities of interest

Conductive Polymers

Metal Particle Inks

Conductors

There are only few commercially available inks suitable for inkjet printing Often custom inks formulation are required

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Conductive polymers PEDOTPSS

The PEDOTPSS in ldquoourrdquo language It is an organic polymer that conduces electricity It is commercially available as a dispersion in water (typically at 1-3 wt solids) (Sigma AldrichHC StarckBayerAGFA etc)

It is compatible with inkjet printing after simple pre-processing (dilutionfiltering)

Baytron P from Bayer main Characteristics Solid content 12 ndash 14 Viscosity 60 ndash 100 mPas (olive oil = 81 mPas) It probably needs to be diluted (20 mPas)

pH-value 15 ndash 25 Conductivity max 10 Scm (depending on the type of coating formulation) Density at 20 degC 1003 gcm^3 Mean particle size approx 80 nm (filtering to avoid nozzles clogging) Surf tension at 20 degC 71 mNm (that will determine the adhesion)

3cm

02cm 01mm

RPEDOTPSS = 150 Ω RCOPPER = 025 μΩ

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Conductive polymers PANI

PANI or Polyaniline

is a conducting polymer Although it was discovered over 150 years ago only recently has polyaniline captured the attention of the scientific community due to the discovery of its high electrical conductivity Sigma Aldrich (650013) ndash PANI main properties

Concentration 2-3 wt (dispersion in xylene) Particle size lt 400 nm Conductivity 10-20 Scm (film) Viscosity 3 mPas Density 09 gml 25 degC

It has an acidbase doping response that allows polyaniline to be used in chemical vapor

sensors

We will use it as a functional polymer (gas sensors)

Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Conductive Polymers Vs Metal Particle Inks

Features Conductive Polymers Metal particle inks

Price 400 eurokg 5000 ndash 10000 eurokg

Conductivity Low (10 Scm typical) High (gt 10 kScm)

Cure temperature Low (50 ndash 100 degC) High (300 ndash 500 degC)

Preprocessing DilutionFiltering None

Adhesion Medium-Low Very good

Compatibility Good performances even with common desktop printer printheads

Only dedicated Piezoelectric Printheads

Availability Few general purpose dispersions

Many different commercial inks application specific

Conductive Polymers

Metal Particle Inks

VS

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Metal Particle inks

Price 5000 ndash 10000 eurokg

Cabot - CCI 300 httpwwwcabot-corpcom

A functioning 950 MHz RFID tag with Spectra SE128 printed antenna

Inkjet printed test pattern demonstrated on variety of substrates

1048707 Paper PET PEN 1048707 FR4 polyimide 1048707 Display glass ITO coated glass Si

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 13

Printer Epson Stylus color 480 SXU Plates PEDOTPSS (Bayer - Baytron P) Dielectric PBPDA-PD from Aldrich (PI after heating) R = 17 MΩ C = 50 pF τ = 085 ms

All-polymer capacitor fabricated with inkjet printing technique Yi Liu Tianhong Cui Kody Varahramyan

Institute for Micromanufacturing Louisiana Tech University 911 Hergot Avenue PO Box 10137 Ruston LA 71272 USA Received 17 November 2002 received in revised form 28 January 2003 accepted 31 January 2003

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 23

Printer Microdrop Ink PEDOTPSS (Clevios PH 500)

Inkjet Printing of Microsensors Hussein Al-Chami Student Member IEEE and Edmond Cretu Member IEEE

Department of Electrical amp Computer Engineering University of British Columbia Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 33

Process Screen printing for the electrodes and inkjet (Dimatix) for the PANI Ink Silver nanoparticles (Acheson) + custom prepared PANI ink

Fabrication of chemical sensors using inkjet printing and application to gas detection Karl Crowley Aoife Morrin Malcolm R Smyth Anthony J Killard

Sensors and Separations Group School of Chemical Sciences National Centre for Sensor Research Dublin City University Dublin 9 Ireland

Evolution of inkjet printed droplet of nanoPANI solution over time

Real device

LAYOUT

Substrate membrane

Resistive sensor Final device

Printed SensorsDIEEI Resistive Pressure sensors

Exp

erim

en

tal

set-

up

Bottom electrode Oring Top Electrode

L

A

Y

O

U

T

Real device

Printed SensorsDIEEI Capacitive Pressure sensors

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8-01

0

01

02

03

Tempo (s)

Pre

ssio

ne

(P

a)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8-05

0

05

1

15

Tempo (s)

Vo

ut (V

)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

-10

0

10

Tempo (s)

Se

nsib

ilitagrave

(V

Pa

)

Time (s)

Time (s)

Pre

ssu

re (

Pa)

L= half-width from strain gauges to the point where it enters the mass b= basic support h= thick paper E= module of Young

2

6

Ebh

FLmgF

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

An experimental set-up was realized for the device characterization which exploits the following relationship between an applied load and the strain

l= 2 s=t= 004

l= 2 s=t= 004

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

Device

number

Width Tracks(m) Spacing (m) Device Leght(cm)

1 300 300 1

2 300 300 15

3 300 300 2

4 400 400 1

5 400 400 15

6 400 400 2

7 200 200 15

8 200 200 1

9 200 200 2

10 100 100 1

11 100 100 15

12 100 100 2

Device Leght(cm)

Tracks Width (m)

Spacing ( m)

DR R0 = G ( dl l ) = G

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

LAYOUT

Strain Gauges have been realized by inkjet printing techniques implemented through bulla nano-Silver ink bulla commercial printer and a silver ink

Metalonreg JS-B15P Water-based nano-Silver ink These components are electrically conductive inks designed to produce circuits on porous substrates such as paper and treated polymer films including NoveleTM IJ-220 coated PET JS-B15P ink is specially formulated for stability for piezo-ink jet printing methods

Printed SensorsDIEEI Technologies

An analysis of the Active areas by a optical microscope revealed a minimum spatial resolution of 200 μm (track width and spcing)

Below 200 μm

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

Over 200 μm

Electron microscopy (SEM) images of the silver layer deposited on the device The structure of the silver tracks is quite homogeneous at the inspected scales and an approximate thickness of 190 microm has been estimated

(b)

A dedicated socket was realized to provide electrical contacts

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

PEDOTPSS + GRAPHENE

ZnO

PEDOT PANI GRAPHENE ZnO

Cl2 X

CH4 X X

CO X X

CO2 X X

H2 X

H2S X

NO X

NO2 X X X

NH3 X X X

- Low Cost Tecnology - Commercial Printers - Good Resolution - Fast Prototyping - A lot of Printable Materials

SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy

Development of low cost devices integrated into non-linear bistable flexible system

bull Bistable flexible PET beam (switches harvesters hellip)

bull Study and exploit the device dynamics

bull Low cost solutions for strain measurements electrodes and other passive structureshelliphellip

helliphellipinkjet printing

Non linear beamDIEEI Sensor LAB

End Set-up

SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy

Linear resonant devices bull Perform well when excited at their mechanical resonance bull Large sizes and masses are required at low frequencies bull Poor efficiency far from resonant operations

Non linear devices bull Overcome linear resonant devices limits bull Allow for scavenging a significant amount of energy from signals in a wide range of low frequencies

Non linear beam DIEEI Sensor LAB

End Set-up

There are many tools that can measure the flow but all of this are Commercial Devices bull large (8-10 cm or more) bull heavy (hundreds of grams) bull expensive ( 30 euro ndash 200 euro )

Printed Solution Printed Flow Sensor is bullCheap (Normal Inkjet Printer) bullLight (few grams) bullSmall (3-4 cm)

Application

Very simple idea put the sensor inside a tube with a hydraulic flow To the passage of hydraulic flow the sensor will flex in proportion to the intensity of the flow itself by varying its electrical resistance

120549R = 0

120549R = X

Pump

Sensor SG

Hydraulic Circuit Realization

Sensors

Conditioning Acquisition Processing

Alimentation Pump

System Modeling

Pump OFF

Velocity 1

Velocity 2

Acquisition step

Mean of each step

Repeat this process for 10 acquisition

Ascending period Descending period

then average each column to obtain two Model

That I consider divide in two periods

And so onhellip

Quadratic interpolation

Ascending Model With quadratic interpolation

Descending Model With quadratic interpolation

MODEL

MODEL

Quadratic Calibration Diagram

Saturation

Static friction

Ascending Calibration diagram

Descending Calibration diagram

Why Probabily because at 4 velocity the SG sensor is maximum deform

Why Because at start SG sensor must overcome Static friction

Then reverse the interpolation equation and use the Accuracy Band to obtain

Linear Calibration Diagram with a reduced operating field

But if we working with a reduced operating range for example from velocity 1 at 4 we can use a linear interpolation to obtain linear model

SG MATRIX FOR ESTIMATION

OF DEFORMATIONS OF

KNEE PROSTHESIS INSERT

APPLICATION POINTS

1

2

3

4

5

1

2

3

4

5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

distribuzione interpolata 3D

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Stress Measurement of Prosthesys Insert Layer to Verify Reliability of materials and prosthesys health

Up to 16 Strain Gauge Sensors Miniaturization Strategy

WHY

MUX

Sensing methodology bullSG Technology bullINKJET Printing bullSilver Ink

Implementation of sperimental Set-up

As can be seen from the layout shown in the figure it was tried to obtain a structure that oppose a minimum resistance to the weight application and it had a rigid base on which to fix the power sensor matrix

Implementation of sperimental Set-up

It was necessary to test the repeatability of measurements using the SET-UP shown above because the presence of friction could have affected in a non-negligible effect on the measurements

5 different weights were used and the weight of the structure to build the following graph through 20 different measurements and were calculated by the software Matlab the standard deviation and the mean for each so as to obtain the range of uncertainty of the measurements

1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 640

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80taratura (b=2sigmak=3sigma)

misure (16)

peso

[g]

weights applied[g]

wei

ghts

me

asu

red

[g]

44 50 56 62 68 72

This study shows that the measurement results are repeatable and the maximum standard deviation is 08g In the figure the yellow line corresponds to 1σ the blue line corresponds to 2σ while the black band corresponds to 3σ (σ is the standard deviation and assuming a Gaussian distribution which is equal to the standard deviation)

PRINTED TOUCHMASS SENSOR

LOW State

HIGH State

COMPARATOR

- Low Cost Touch Device

- Weareable Electronic

WHY - Inkjet Printing - Capacitive Interdigitated Printed Sensor - Dielectric Constant Variation - Two Different Conditioning Approach

- Bridge Circuit and Voltage Amplification

- Frequency Modulation Technique

Methodology

IDT Silver Ink

Rubber Dielectric Layer

PET Substrate Protective Layer

Plexiglass Support

PET

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

SENSOR

INA111

RC BRIDGE BUFFER INSTRUM AMPLIFIER

FILTER

RECTIFIER

SENSOR

AC

AMP - +

FILTER + RECTIFIER

CIRCUIT CONDITIONING

ADC DEVICE

GUI amp ACQUISITION WORKSPACE

OSCILLOSCOPE

Printed touch sensor

Working mode

d variation

Tested sensors

Davide Mandragrave

Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge

Advantages

High sensitivity

gt 200 mV

Drawbacks

Offset

waveforms out of

phase

Davide Mandragrave

WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR

But hellip what about x

THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED

∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF

WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g

Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

Printed Heater Device

THE HEATER

The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec

From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

τ = 65 sec

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

Printed Gas Sensors

PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)

bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm

PET Substrate thickness 200um

PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um

EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS

Measurement Set-up

Page 14: Technology….. ….Inkjet Printing - DIEES - Home Page ·  · 2016-12-21Printed Electronics: Inkjet Printed Sensors Overview of Graphic Art Printing systems Why inkjet printing?

Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania

Dip

arti

men

to d

i In

gegn

eria

Ele

ttri

ca E

lett

ron

ica

e d

ei S

iste

mi

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Printed Electronics Inks

INKS To design printed electronics one needs a number of different materials that have completely different features but need to be adjusted to each other The most important materials are

Conductors electrical conducting polymers for structures of electrodes

Semiconductors electrical semi conducting polymers for transistors and diodes

Dielectrics electrical insulating polymers to divide between semi-conducting and conducting layers

Functional a polymer whose properties are function of some physical quantities of interest

Conductive Polymers

Metal Particle Inks

Conductors

There are only few commercially available inks suitable for inkjet printing Often custom inks formulation are required

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Conductive polymers PEDOTPSS

The PEDOTPSS in ldquoourrdquo language It is an organic polymer that conduces electricity It is commercially available as a dispersion in water (typically at 1-3 wt solids) (Sigma AldrichHC StarckBayerAGFA etc)

It is compatible with inkjet printing after simple pre-processing (dilutionfiltering)

Baytron P from Bayer main Characteristics Solid content 12 ndash 14 Viscosity 60 ndash 100 mPas (olive oil = 81 mPas) It probably needs to be diluted (20 mPas)

pH-value 15 ndash 25 Conductivity max 10 Scm (depending on the type of coating formulation) Density at 20 degC 1003 gcm^3 Mean particle size approx 80 nm (filtering to avoid nozzles clogging) Surf tension at 20 degC 71 mNm (that will determine the adhesion)

3cm

02cm 01mm

RPEDOTPSS = 150 Ω RCOPPER = 025 μΩ

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Conductive polymers PANI

PANI or Polyaniline

is a conducting polymer Although it was discovered over 150 years ago only recently has polyaniline captured the attention of the scientific community due to the discovery of its high electrical conductivity Sigma Aldrich (650013) ndash PANI main properties

Concentration 2-3 wt (dispersion in xylene) Particle size lt 400 nm Conductivity 10-20 Scm (film) Viscosity 3 mPas Density 09 gml 25 degC

It has an acidbase doping response that allows polyaniline to be used in chemical vapor

sensors

We will use it as a functional polymer (gas sensors)

Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Conductive Polymers Vs Metal Particle Inks

Features Conductive Polymers Metal particle inks

Price 400 eurokg 5000 ndash 10000 eurokg

Conductivity Low (10 Scm typical) High (gt 10 kScm)

Cure temperature Low (50 ndash 100 degC) High (300 ndash 500 degC)

Preprocessing DilutionFiltering None

Adhesion Medium-Low Very good

Compatibility Good performances even with common desktop printer printheads

Only dedicated Piezoelectric Printheads

Availability Few general purpose dispersions

Many different commercial inks application specific

Conductive Polymers

Metal Particle Inks

VS

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Metal Particle inks

Price 5000 ndash 10000 eurokg

Cabot - CCI 300 httpwwwcabot-corpcom

A functioning 950 MHz RFID tag with Spectra SE128 printed antenna

Inkjet printed test pattern demonstrated on variety of substrates

1048707 Paper PET PEN 1048707 FR4 polyimide 1048707 Display glass ITO coated glass Si

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 13

Printer Epson Stylus color 480 SXU Plates PEDOTPSS (Bayer - Baytron P) Dielectric PBPDA-PD from Aldrich (PI after heating) R = 17 MΩ C = 50 pF τ = 085 ms

All-polymer capacitor fabricated with inkjet printing technique Yi Liu Tianhong Cui Kody Varahramyan

Institute for Micromanufacturing Louisiana Tech University 911 Hergot Avenue PO Box 10137 Ruston LA 71272 USA Received 17 November 2002 received in revised form 28 January 2003 accepted 31 January 2003

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 23

Printer Microdrop Ink PEDOTPSS (Clevios PH 500)

Inkjet Printing of Microsensors Hussein Al-Chami Student Member IEEE and Edmond Cretu Member IEEE

Department of Electrical amp Computer Engineering University of British Columbia Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 33

Process Screen printing for the electrodes and inkjet (Dimatix) for the PANI Ink Silver nanoparticles (Acheson) + custom prepared PANI ink

Fabrication of chemical sensors using inkjet printing and application to gas detection Karl Crowley Aoife Morrin Malcolm R Smyth Anthony J Killard

Sensors and Separations Group School of Chemical Sciences National Centre for Sensor Research Dublin City University Dublin 9 Ireland

Evolution of inkjet printed droplet of nanoPANI solution over time

Real device

LAYOUT

Substrate membrane

Resistive sensor Final device

Printed SensorsDIEEI Resistive Pressure sensors

Exp

erim

en

tal

set-

up

Bottom electrode Oring Top Electrode

L

A

Y

O

U

T

Real device

Printed SensorsDIEEI Capacitive Pressure sensors

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8-01

0

01

02

03

Tempo (s)

Pre

ssio

ne

(P

a)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8-05

0

05

1

15

Tempo (s)

Vo

ut (V

)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

-10

0

10

Tempo (s)

Se

nsib

ilitagrave

(V

Pa

)

Time (s)

Time (s)

Pre

ssu

re (

Pa)

L= half-width from strain gauges to the point where it enters the mass b= basic support h= thick paper E= module of Young

2

6

Ebh

FLmgF

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

An experimental set-up was realized for the device characterization which exploits the following relationship between an applied load and the strain

l= 2 s=t= 004

l= 2 s=t= 004

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

Device

number

Width Tracks(m) Spacing (m) Device Leght(cm)

1 300 300 1

2 300 300 15

3 300 300 2

4 400 400 1

5 400 400 15

6 400 400 2

7 200 200 15

8 200 200 1

9 200 200 2

10 100 100 1

11 100 100 15

12 100 100 2

Device Leght(cm)

Tracks Width (m)

Spacing ( m)

DR R0 = G ( dl l ) = G

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

LAYOUT

Strain Gauges have been realized by inkjet printing techniques implemented through bulla nano-Silver ink bulla commercial printer and a silver ink

Metalonreg JS-B15P Water-based nano-Silver ink These components are electrically conductive inks designed to produce circuits on porous substrates such as paper and treated polymer films including NoveleTM IJ-220 coated PET JS-B15P ink is specially formulated for stability for piezo-ink jet printing methods

Printed SensorsDIEEI Technologies

An analysis of the Active areas by a optical microscope revealed a minimum spatial resolution of 200 μm (track width and spcing)

Below 200 μm

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

Over 200 μm

Electron microscopy (SEM) images of the silver layer deposited on the device The structure of the silver tracks is quite homogeneous at the inspected scales and an approximate thickness of 190 microm has been estimated

(b)

A dedicated socket was realized to provide electrical contacts

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

PEDOTPSS + GRAPHENE

ZnO

PEDOT PANI GRAPHENE ZnO

Cl2 X

CH4 X X

CO X X

CO2 X X

H2 X

H2S X

NO X

NO2 X X X

NH3 X X X

- Low Cost Tecnology - Commercial Printers - Good Resolution - Fast Prototyping - A lot of Printable Materials

SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy

Development of low cost devices integrated into non-linear bistable flexible system

bull Bistable flexible PET beam (switches harvesters hellip)

bull Study and exploit the device dynamics

bull Low cost solutions for strain measurements electrodes and other passive structureshelliphellip

helliphellipinkjet printing

Non linear beamDIEEI Sensor LAB

End Set-up

SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy

Linear resonant devices bull Perform well when excited at their mechanical resonance bull Large sizes and masses are required at low frequencies bull Poor efficiency far from resonant operations

Non linear devices bull Overcome linear resonant devices limits bull Allow for scavenging a significant amount of energy from signals in a wide range of low frequencies

Non linear beam DIEEI Sensor LAB

End Set-up

There are many tools that can measure the flow but all of this are Commercial Devices bull large (8-10 cm or more) bull heavy (hundreds of grams) bull expensive ( 30 euro ndash 200 euro )

Printed Solution Printed Flow Sensor is bullCheap (Normal Inkjet Printer) bullLight (few grams) bullSmall (3-4 cm)

Application

Very simple idea put the sensor inside a tube with a hydraulic flow To the passage of hydraulic flow the sensor will flex in proportion to the intensity of the flow itself by varying its electrical resistance

120549R = 0

120549R = X

Pump

Sensor SG

Hydraulic Circuit Realization

Sensors

Conditioning Acquisition Processing

Alimentation Pump

System Modeling

Pump OFF

Velocity 1

Velocity 2

Acquisition step

Mean of each step

Repeat this process for 10 acquisition

Ascending period Descending period

then average each column to obtain two Model

That I consider divide in two periods

And so onhellip

Quadratic interpolation

Ascending Model With quadratic interpolation

Descending Model With quadratic interpolation

MODEL

MODEL

Quadratic Calibration Diagram

Saturation

Static friction

Ascending Calibration diagram

Descending Calibration diagram

Why Probabily because at 4 velocity the SG sensor is maximum deform

Why Because at start SG sensor must overcome Static friction

Then reverse the interpolation equation and use the Accuracy Band to obtain

Linear Calibration Diagram with a reduced operating field

But if we working with a reduced operating range for example from velocity 1 at 4 we can use a linear interpolation to obtain linear model

SG MATRIX FOR ESTIMATION

OF DEFORMATIONS OF

KNEE PROSTHESIS INSERT

APPLICATION POINTS

1

2

3

4

5

1

2

3

4

5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

distribuzione interpolata 3D

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Stress Measurement of Prosthesys Insert Layer to Verify Reliability of materials and prosthesys health

Up to 16 Strain Gauge Sensors Miniaturization Strategy

WHY

MUX

Sensing methodology bullSG Technology bullINKJET Printing bullSilver Ink

Implementation of sperimental Set-up

As can be seen from the layout shown in the figure it was tried to obtain a structure that oppose a minimum resistance to the weight application and it had a rigid base on which to fix the power sensor matrix

Implementation of sperimental Set-up

It was necessary to test the repeatability of measurements using the SET-UP shown above because the presence of friction could have affected in a non-negligible effect on the measurements

5 different weights were used and the weight of the structure to build the following graph through 20 different measurements and were calculated by the software Matlab the standard deviation and the mean for each so as to obtain the range of uncertainty of the measurements

1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 640

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80taratura (b=2sigmak=3sigma)

misure (16)

peso

[g]

weights applied[g]

wei

ghts

me

asu

red

[g]

44 50 56 62 68 72

This study shows that the measurement results are repeatable and the maximum standard deviation is 08g In the figure the yellow line corresponds to 1σ the blue line corresponds to 2σ while the black band corresponds to 3σ (σ is the standard deviation and assuming a Gaussian distribution which is equal to the standard deviation)

PRINTED TOUCHMASS SENSOR

LOW State

HIGH State

COMPARATOR

- Low Cost Touch Device

- Weareable Electronic

WHY - Inkjet Printing - Capacitive Interdigitated Printed Sensor - Dielectric Constant Variation - Two Different Conditioning Approach

- Bridge Circuit and Voltage Amplification

- Frequency Modulation Technique

Methodology

IDT Silver Ink

Rubber Dielectric Layer

PET Substrate Protective Layer

Plexiglass Support

PET

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

SENSOR

INA111

RC BRIDGE BUFFER INSTRUM AMPLIFIER

FILTER

RECTIFIER

SENSOR

AC

AMP - +

FILTER + RECTIFIER

CIRCUIT CONDITIONING

ADC DEVICE

GUI amp ACQUISITION WORKSPACE

OSCILLOSCOPE

Printed touch sensor

Working mode

d variation

Tested sensors

Davide Mandragrave

Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge

Advantages

High sensitivity

gt 200 mV

Drawbacks

Offset

waveforms out of

phase

Davide Mandragrave

WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR

But hellip what about x

THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED

∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF

WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g

Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

Printed Heater Device

THE HEATER

The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec

From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

τ = 65 sec

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

Printed Gas Sensors

PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)

bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm

PET Substrate thickness 200um

PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um

EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS

Measurement Set-up

Page 15: Technology….. ….Inkjet Printing - DIEES - Home Page ·  · 2016-12-21Printed Electronics: Inkjet Printed Sensors Overview of Graphic Art Printing systems Why inkjet printing?

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Conductive polymers PEDOTPSS

The PEDOTPSS in ldquoourrdquo language It is an organic polymer that conduces electricity It is commercially available as a dispersion in water (typically at 1-3 wt solids) (Sigma AldrichHC StarckBayerAGFA etc)

It is compatible with inkjet printing after simple pre-processing (dilutionfiltering)

Baytron P from Bayer main Characteristics Solid content 12 ndash 14 Viscosity 60 ndash 100 mPas (olive oil = 81 mPas) It probably needs to be diluted (20 mPas)

pH-value 15 ndash 25 Conductivity max 10 Scm (depending on the type of coating formulation) Density at 20 degC 1003 gcm^3 Mean particle size approx 80 nm (filtering to avoid nozzles clogging) Surf tension at 20 degC 71 mNm (that will determine the adhesion)

3cm

02cm 01mm

RPEDOTPSS = 150 Ω RCOPPER = 025 μΩ

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Conductive polymers PANI

PANI or Polyaniline

is a conducting polymer Although it was discovered over 150 years ago only recently has polyaniline captured the attention of the scientific community due to the discovery of its high electrical conductivity Sigma Aldrich (650013) ndash PANI main properties

Concentration 2-3 wt (dispersion in xylene) Particle size lt 400 nm Conductivity 10-20 Scm (film) Viscosity 3 mPas Density 09 gml 25 degC

It has an acidbase doping response that allows polyaniline to be used in chemical vapor

sensors

We will use it as a functional polymer (gas sensors)

Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Conductive Polymers Vs Metal Particle Inks

Features Conductive Polymers Metal particle inks

Price 400 eurokg 5000 ndash 10000 eurokg

Conductivity Low (10 Scm typical) High (gt 10 kScm)

Cure temperature Low (50 ndash 100 degC) High (300 ndash 500 degC)

Preprocessing DilutionFiltering None

Adhesion Medium-Low Very good

Compatibility Good performances even with common desktop printer printheads

Only dedicated Piezoelectric Printheads

Availability Few general purpose dispersions

Many different commercial inks application specific

Conductive Polymers

Metal Particle Inks

VS

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Metal Particle inks

Price 5000 ndash 10000 eurokg

Cabot - CCI 300 httpwwwcabot-corpcom

A functioning 950 MHz RFID tag with Spectra SE128 printed antenna

Inkjet printed test pattern demonstrated on variety of substrates

1048707 Paper PET PEN 1048707 FR4 polyimide 1048707 Display glass ITO coated glass Si

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 13

Printer Epson Stylus color 480 SXU Plates PEDOTPSS (Bayer - Baytron P) Dielectric PBPDA-PD from Aldrich (PI after heating) R = 17 MΩ C = 50 pF τ = 085 ms

All-polymer capacitor fabricated with inkjet printing technique Yi Liu Tianhong Cui Kody Varahramyan

Institute for Micromanufacturing Louisiana Tech University 911 Hergot Avenue PO Box 10137 Ruston LA 71272 USA Received 17 November 2002 received in revised form 28 January 2003 accepted 31 January 2003

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 23

Printer Microdrop Ink PEDOTPSS (Clevios PH 500)

Inkjet Printing of Microsensors Hussein Al-Chami Student Member IEEE and Edmond Cretu Member IEEE

Department of Electrical amp Computer Engineering University of British Columbia Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 33

Process Screen printing for the electrodes and inkjet (Dimatix) for the PANI Ink Silver nanoparticles (Acheson) + custom prepared PANI ink

Fabrication of chemical sensors using inkjet printing and application to gas detection Karl Crowley Aoife Morrin Malcolm R Smyth Anthony J Killard

Sensors and Separations Group School of Chemical Sciences National Centre for Sensor Research Dublin City University Dublin 9 Ireland

Evolution of inkjet printed droplet of nanoPANI solution over time

Real device

LAYOUT

Substrate membrane

Resistive sensor Final device

Printed SensorsDIEEI Resistive Pressure sensors

Exp

erim

en

tal

set-

up

Bottom electrode Oring Top Electrode

L

A

Y

O

U

T

Real device

Printed SensorsDIEEI Capacitive Pressure sensors

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8-01

0

01

02

03

Tempo (s)

Pre

ssio

ne

(P

a)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8-05

0

05

1

15

Tempo (s)

Vo

ut (V

)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

-10

0

10

Tempo (s)

Se

nsib

ilitagrave

(V

Pa

)

Time (s)

Time (s)

Pre

ssu

re (

Pa)

L= half-width from strain gauges to the point where it enters the mass b= basic support h= thick paper E= module of Young

2

6

Ebh

FLmgF

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

An experimental set-up was realized for the device characterization which exploits the following relationship between an applied load and the strain

l= 2 s=t= 004

l= 2 s=t= 004

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

Device

number

Width Tracks(m) Spacing (m) Device Leght(cm)

1 300 300 1

2 300 300 15

3 300 300 2

4 400 400 1

5 400 400 15

6 400 400 2

7 200 200 15

8 200 200 1

9 200 200 2

10 100 100 1

11 100 100 15

12 100 100 2

Device Leght(cm)

Tracks Width (m)

Spacing ( m)

DR R0 = G ( dl l ) = G

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

LAYOUT

Strain Gauges have been realized by inkjet printing techniques implemented through bulla nano-Silver ink bulla commercial printer and a silver ink

Metalonreg JS-B15P Water-based nano-Silver ink These components are electrically conductive inks designed to produce circuits on porous substrates such as paper and treated polymer films including NoveleTM IJ-220 coated PET JS-B15P ink is specially formulated for stability for piezo-ink jet printing methods

Printed SensorsDIEEI Technologies

An analysis of the Active areas by a optical microscope revealed a minimum spatial resolution of 200 μm (track width and spcing)

Below 200 μm

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

Over 200 μm

Electron microscopy (SEM) images of the silver layer deposited on the device The structure of the silver tracks is quite homogeneous at the inspected scales and an approximate thickness of 190 microm has been estimated

(b)

A dedicated socket was realized to provide electrical contacts

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

PEDOTPSS + GRAPHENE

ZnO

PEDOT PANI GRAPHENE ZnO

Cl2 X

CH4 X X

CO X X

CO2 X X

H2 X

H2S X

NO X

NO2 X X X

NH3 X X X

- Low Cost Tecnology - Commercial Printers - Good Resolution - Fast Prototyping - A lot of Printable Materials

SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy

Development of low cost devices integrated into non-linear bistable flexible system

bull Bistable flexible PET beam (switches harvesters hellip)

bull Study and exploit the device dynamics

bull Low cost solutions for strain measurements electrodes and other passive structureshelliphellip

helliphellipinkjet printing

Non linear beamDIEEI Sensor LAB

End Set-up

SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy

Linear resonant devices bull Perform well when excited at their mechanical resonance bull Large sizes and masses are required at low frequencies bull Poor efficiency far from resonant operations

Non linear devices bull Overcome linear resonant devices limits bull Allow for scavenging a significant amount of energy from signals in a wide range of low frequencies

Non linear beam DIEEI Sensor LAB

End Set-up

There are many tools that can measure the flow but all of this are Commercial Devices bull large (8-10 cm or more) bull heavy (hundreds of grams) bull expensive ( 30 euro ndash 200 euro )

Printed Solution Printed Flow Sensor is bullCheap (Normal Inkjet Printer) bullLight (few grams) bullSmall (3-4 cm)

Application

Very simple idea put the sensor inside a tube with a hydraulic flow To the passage of hydraulic flow the sensor will flex in proportion to the intensity of the flow itself by varying its electrical resistance

120549R = 0

120549R = X

Pump

Sensor SG

Hydraulic Circuit Realization

Sensors

Conditioning Acquisition Processing

Alimentation Pump

System Modeling

Pump OFF

Velocity 1

Velocity 2

Acquisition step

Mean of each step

Repeat this process for 10 acquisition

Ascending period Descending period

then average each column to obtain two Model

That I consider divide in two periods

And so onhellip

Quadratic interpolation

Ascending Model With quadratic interpolation

Descending Model With quadratic interpolation

MODEL

MODEL

Quadratic Calibration Diagram

Saturation

Static friction

Ascending Calibration diagram

Descending Calibration diagram

Why Probabily because at 4 velocity the SG sensor is maximum deform

Why Because at start SG sensor must overcome Static friction

Then reverse the interpolation equation and use the Accuracy Band to obtain

Linear Calibration Diagram with a reduced operating field

But if we working with a reduced operating range for example from velocity 1 at 4 we can use a linear interpolation to obtain linear model

SG MATRIX FOR ESTIMATION

OF DEFORMATIONS OF

KNEE PROSTHESIS INSERT

APPLICATION POINTS

1

2

3

4

5

1

2

3

4

5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

distribuzione interpolata 3D

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Stress Measurement of Prosthesys Insert Layer to Verify Reliability of materials and prosthesys health

Up to 16 Strain Gauge Sensors Miniaturization Strategy

WHY

MUX

Sensing methodology bullSG Technology bullINKJET Printing bullSilver Ink

Implementation of sperimental Set-up

As can be seen from the layout shown in the figure it was tried to obtain a structure that oppose a minimum resistance to the weight application and it had a rigid base on which to fix the power sensor matrix

Implementation of sperimental Set-up

It was necessary to test the repeatability of measurements using the SET-UP shown above because the presence of friction could have affected in a non-negligible effect on the measurements

5 different weights were used and the weight of the structure to build the following graph through 20 different measurements and were calculated by the software Matlab the standard deviation and the mean for each so as to obtain the range of uncertainty of the measurements

1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 640

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80taratura (b=2sigmak=3sigma)

misure (16)

peso

[g]

weights applied[g]

wei

ghts

me

asu

red

[g]

44 50 56 62 68 72

This study shows that the measurement results are repeatable and the maximum standard deviation is 08g In the figure the yellow line corresponds to 1σ the blue line corresponds to 2σ while the black band corresponds to 3σ (σ is the standard deviation and assuming a Gaussian distribution which is equal to the standard deviation)

PRINTED TOUCHMASS SENSOR

LOW State

HIGH State

COMPARATOR

- Low Cost Touch Device

- Weareable Electronic

WHY - Inkjet Printing - Capacitive Interdigitated Printed Sensor - Dielectric Constant Variation - Two Different Conditioning Approach

- Bridge Circuit and Voltage Amplification

- Frequency Modulation Technique

Methodology

IDT Silver Ink

Rubber Dielectric Layer

PET Substrate Protective Layer

Plexiglass Support

PET

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

SENSOR

INA111

RC BRIDGE BUFFER INSTRUM AMPLIFIER

FILTER

RECTIFIER

SENSOR

AC

AMP - +

FILTER + RECTIFIER

CIRCUIT CONDITIONING

ADC DEVICE

GUI amp ACQUISITION WORKSPACE

OSCILLOSCOPE

Printed touch sensor

Working mode

d variation

Tested sensors

Davide Mandragrave

Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge

Advantages

High sensitivity

gt 200 mV

Drawbacks

Offset

waveforms out of

phase

Davide Mandragrave

WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR

But hellip what about x

THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED

∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF

WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g

Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

Printed Heater Device

THE HEATER

The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec

From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

τ = 65 sec

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

Printed Gas Sensors

PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)

bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm

PET Substrate thickness 200um

PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um

EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS

Measurement Set-up

Page 16: Technology….. ….Inkjet Printing - DIEES - Home Page ·  · 2016-12-21Printed Electronics: Inkjet Printed Sensors Overview of Graphic Art Printing systems Why inkjet printing?

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Conductive polymers PANI

PANI or Polyaniline

is a conducting polymer Although it was discovered over 150 years ago only recently has polyaniline captured the attention of the scientific community due to the discovery of its high electrical conductivity Sigma Aldrich (650013) ndash PANI main properties

Concentration 2-3 wt (dispersion in xylene) Particle size lt 400 nm Conductivity 10-20 Scm (film) Viscosity 3 mPas Density 09 gml 25 degC

It has an acidbase doping response that allows polyaniline to be used in chemical vapor

sensors

We will use it as a functional polymer (gas sensors)

Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Conductive Polymers Vs Metal Particle Inks

Features Conductive Polymers Metal particle inks

Price 400 eurokg 5000 ndash 10000 eurokg

Conductivity Low (10 Scm typical) High (gt 10 kScm)

Cure temperature Low (50 ndash 100 degC) High (300 ndash 500 degC)

Preprocessing DilutionFiltering None

Adhesion Medium-Low Very good

Compatibility Good performances even with common desktop printer printheads

Only dedicated Piezoelectric Printheads

Availability Few general purpose dispersions

Many different commercial inks application specific

Conductive Polymers

Metal Particle Inks

VS

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Metal Particle inks

Price 5000 ndash 10000 eurokg

Cabot - CCI 300 httpwwwcabot-corpcom

A functioning 950 MHz RFID tag with Spectra SE128 printed antenna

Inkjet printed test pattern demonstrated on variety of substrates

1048707 Paper PET PEN 1048707 FR4 polyimide 1048707 Display glass ITO coated glass Si

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 13

Printer Epson Stylus color 480 SXU Plates PEDOTPSS (Bayer - Baytron P) Dielectric PBPDA-PD from Aldrich (PI after heating) R = 17 MΩ C = 50 pF τ = 085 ms

All-polymer capacitor fabricated with inkjet printing technique Yi Liu Tianhong Cui Kody Varahramyan

Institute for Micromanufacturing Louisiana Tech University 911 Hergot Avenue PO Box 10137 Ruston LA 71272 USA Received 17 November 2002 received in revised form 28 January 2003 accepted 31 January 2003

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 23

Printer Microdrop Ink PEDOTPSS (Clevios PH 500)

Inkjet Printing of Microsensors Hussein Al-Chami Student Member IEEE and Edmond Cretu Member IEEE

Department of Electrical amp Computer Engineering University of British Columbia Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 33

Process Screen printing for the electrodes and inkjet (Dimatix) for the PANI Ink Silver nanoparticles (Acheson) + custom prepared PANI ink

Fabrication of chemical sensors using inkjet printing and application to gas detection Karl Crowley Aoife Morrin Malcolm R Smyth Anthony J Killard

Sensors and Separations Group School of Chemical Sciences National Centre for Sensor Research Dublin City University Dublin 9 Ireland

Evolution of inkjet printed droplet of nanoPANI solution over time

Real device

LAYOUT

Substrate membrane

Resistive sensor Final device

Printed SensorsDIEEI Resistive Pressure sensors

Exp

erim

en

tal

set-

up

Bottom electrode Oring Top Electrode

L

A

Y

O

U

T

Real device

Printed SensorsDIEEI Capacitive Pressure sensors

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8-01

0

01

02

03

Tempo (s)

Pre

ssio

ne

(P

a)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8-05

0

05

1

15

Tempo (s)

Vo

ut (V

)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

-10

0

10

Tempo (s)

Se

nsib

ilitagrave

(V

Pa

)

Time (s)

Time (s)

Pre

ssu

re (

Pa)

L= half-width from strain gauges to the point where it enters the mass b= basic support h= thick paper E= module of Young

2

6

Ebh

FLmgF

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

An experimental set-up was realized for the device characterization which exploits the following relationship between an applied load and the strain

l= 2 s=t= 004

l= 2 s=t= 004

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

Device

number

Width Tracks(m) Spacing (m) Device Leght(cm)

1 300 300 1

2 300 300 15

3 300 300 2

4 400 400 1

5 400 400 15

6 400 400 2

7 200 200 15

8 200 200 1

9 200 200 2

10 100 100 1

11 100 100 15

12 100 100 2

Device Leght(cm)

Tracks Width (m)

Spacing ( m)

DR R0 = G ( dl l ) = G

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

LAYOUT

Strain Gauges have been realized by inkjet printing techniques implemented through bulla nano-Silver ink bulla commercial printer and a silver ink

Metalonreg JS-B15P Water-based nano-Silver ink These components are electrically conductive inks designed to produce circuits on porous substrates such as paper and treated polymer films including NoveleTM IJ-220 coated PET JS-B15P ink is specially formulated for stability for piezo-ink jet printing methods

Printed SensorsDIEEI Technologies

An analysis of the Active areas by a optical microscope revealed a minimum spatial resolution of 200 μm (track width and spcing)

Below 200 μm

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

Over 200 μm

Electron microscopy (SEM) images of the silver layer deposited on the device The structure of the silver tracks is quite homogeneous at the inspected scales and an approximate thickness of 190 microm has been estimated

(b)

A dedicated socket was realized to provide electrical contacts

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

PEDOTPSS + GRAPHENE

ZnO

PEDOT PANI GRAPHENE ZnO

Cl2 X

CH4 X X

CO X X

CO2 X X

H2 X

H2S X

NO X

NO2 X X X

NH3 X X X

- Low Cost Tecnology - Commercial Printers - Good Resolution - Fast Prototyping - A lot of Printable Materials

SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy

Development of low cost devices integrated into non-linear bistable flexible system

bull Bistable flexible PET beam (switches harvesters hellip)

bull Study and exploit the device dynamics

bull Low cost solutions for strain measurements electrodes and other passive structureshelliphellip

helliphellipinkjet printing

Non linear beamDIEEI Sensor LAB

End Set-up

SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy

Linear resonant devices bull Perform well when excited at their mechanical resonance bull Large sizes and masses are required at low frequencies bull Poor efficiency far from resonant operations

Non linear devices bull Overcome linear resonant devices limits bull Allow for scavenging a significant amount of energy from signals in a wide range of low frequencies

Non linear beam DIEEI Sensor LAB

End Set-up

There are many tools that can measure the flow but all of this are Commercial Devices bull large (8-10 cm or more) bull heavy (hundreds of grams) bull expensive ( 30 euro ndash 200 euro )

Printed Solution Printed Flow Sensor is bullCheap (Normal Inkjet Printer) bullLight (few grams) bullSmall (3-4 cm)

Application

Very simple idea put the sensor inside a tube with a hydraulic flow To the passage of hydraulic flow the sensor will flex in proportion to the intensity of the flow itself by varying its electrical resistance

120549R = 0

120549R = X

Pump

Sensor SG

Hydraulic Circuit Realization

Sensors

Conditioning Acquisition Processing

Alimentation Pump

System Modeling

Pump OFF

Velocity 1

Velocity 2

Acquisition step

Mean of each step

Repeat this process for 10 acquisition

Ascending period Descending period

then average each column to obtain two Model

That I consider divide in two periods

And so onhellip

Quadratic interpolation

Ascending Model With quadratic interpolation

Descending Model With quadratic interpolation

MODEL

MODEL

Quadratic Calibration Diagram

Saturation

Static friction

Ascending Calibration diagram

Descending Calibration diagram

Why Probabily because at 4 velocity the SG sensor is maximum deform

Why Because at start SG sensor must overcome Static friction

Then reverse the interpolation equation and use the Accuracy Band to obtain

Linear Calibration Diagram with a reduced operating field

But if we working with a reduced operating range for example from velocity 1 at 4 we can use a linear interpolation to obtain linear model

SG MATRIX FOR ESTIMATION

OF DEFORMATIONS OF

KNEE PROSTHESIS INSERT

APPLICATION POINTS

1

2

3

4

5

1

2

3

4

5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

distribuzione interpolata 3D

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Stress Measurement of Prosthesys Insert Layer to Verify Reliability of materials and prosthesys health

Up to 16 Strain Gauge Sensors Miniaturization Strategy

WHY

MUX

Sensing methodology bullSG Technology bullINKJET Printing bullSilver Ink

Implementation of sperimental Set-up

As can be seen from the layout shown in the figure it was tried to obtain a structure that oppose a minimum resistance to the weight application and it had a rigid base on which to fix the power sensor matrix

Implementation of sperimental Set-up

It was necessary to test the repeatability of measurements using the SET-UP shown above because the presence of friction could have affected in a non-negligible effect on the measurements

5 different weights were used and the weight of the structure to build the following graph through 20 different measurements and were calculated by the software Matlab the standard deviation and the mean for each so as to obtain the range of uncertainty of the measurements

1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 640

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80taratura (b=2sigmak=3sigma)

misure (16)

peso

[g]

weights applied[g]

wei

ghts

me

asu

red

[g]

44 50 56 62 68 72

This study shows that the measurement results are repeatable and the maximum standard deviation is 08g In the figure the yellow line corresponds to 1σ the blue line corresponds to 2σ while the black band corresponds to 3σ (σ is the standard deviation and assuming a Gaussian distribution which is equal to the standard deviation)

PRINTED TOUCHMASS SENSOR

LOW State

HIGH State

COMPARATOR

- Low Cost Touch Device

- Weareable Electronic

WHY - Inkjet Printing - Capacitive Interdigitated Printed Sensor - Dielectric Constant Variation - Two Different Conditioning Approach

- Bridge Circuit and Voltage Amplification

- Frequency Modulation Technique

Methodology

IDT Silver Ink

Rubber Dielectric Layer

PET Substrate Protective Layer

Plexiglass Support

PET

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

SENSOR

INA111

RC BRIDGE BUFFER INSTRUM AMPLIFIER

FILTER

RECTIFIER

SENSOR

AC

AMP - +

FILTER + RECTIFIER

CIRCUIT CONDITIONING

ADC DEVICE

GUI amp ACQUISITION WORKSPACE

OSCILLOSCOPE

Printed touch sensor

Working mode

d variation

Tested sensors

Davide Mandragrave

Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge

Advantages

High sensitivity

gt 200 mV

Drawbacks

Offset

waveforms out of

phase

Davide Mandragrave

WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR

But hellip what about x

THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED

∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF

WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g

Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

Printed Heater Device

THE HEATER

The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec

From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

τ = 65 sec

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

Printed Gas Sensors

PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)

bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm

PET Substrate thickness 200um

PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um

EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS

Measurement Set-up

Page 17: Technology….. ….Inkjet Printing - DIEES - Home Page ·  · 2016-12-21Printed Electronics: Inkjet Printed Sensors Overview of Graphic Art Printing systems Why inkjet printing?

Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Conductive Polymers Vs Metal Particle Inks

Features Conductive Polymers Metal particle inks

Price 400 eurokg 5000 ndash 10000 eurokg

Conductivity Low (10 Scm typical) High (gt 10 kScm)

Cure temperature Low (50 ndash 100 degC) High (300 ndash 500 degC)

Preprocessing DilutionFiltering None

Adhesion Medium-Low Very good

Compatibility Good performances even with common desktop printer printheads

Only dedicated Piezoelectric Printheads

Availability Few general purpose dispersions

Many different commercial inks application specific

Conductive Polymers

Metal Particle Inks

VS

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Metal Particle inks

Price 5000 ndash 10000 eurokg

Cabot - CCI 300 httpwwwcabot-corpcom

A functioning 950 MHz RFID tag with Spectra SE128 printed antenna

Inkjet printed test pattern demonstrated on variety of substrates

1048707 Paper PET PEN 1048707 FR4 polyimide 1048707 Display glass ITO coated glass Si

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 13

Printer Epson Stylus color 480 SXU Plates PEDOTPSS (Bayer - Baytron P) Dielectric PBPDA-PD from Aldrich (PI after heating) R = 17 MΩ C = 50 pF τ = 085 ms

All-polymer capacitor fabricated with inkjet printing technique Yi Liu Tianhong Cui Kody Varahramyan

Institute for Micromanufacturing Louisiana Tech University 911 Hergot Avenue PO Box 10137 Ruston LA 71272 USA Received 17 November 2002 received in revised form 28 January 2003 accepted 31 January 2003

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 23

Printer Microdrop Ink PEDOTPSS (Clevios PH 500)

Inkjet Printing of Microsensors Hussein Al-Chami Student Member IEEE and Edmond Cretu Member IEEE

Department of Electrical amp Computer Engineering University of British Columbia Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 33

Process Screen printing for the electrodes and inkjet (Dimatix) for the PANI Ink Silver nanoparticles (Acheson) + custom prepared PANI ink

Fabrication of chemical sensors using inkjet printing and application to gas detection Karl Crowley Aoife Morrin Malcolm R Smyth Anthony J Killard

Sensors and Separations Group School of Chemical Sciences National Centre for Sensor Research Dublin City University Dublin 9 Ireland

Evolution of inkjet printed droplet of nanoPANI solution over time

Real device

LAYOUT

Substrate membrane

Resistive sensor Final device

Printed SensorsDIEEI Resistive Pressure sensors

Exp

erim

en

tal

set-

up

Bottom electrode Oring Top Electrode

L

A

Y

O

U

T

Real device

Printed SensorsDIEEI Capacitive Pressure sensors

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8-01

0

01

02

03

Tempo (s)

Pre

ssio

ne

(P

a)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8-05

0

05

1

15

Tempo (s)

Vo

ut (V

)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

-10

0

10

Tempo (s)

Se

nsib

ilitagrave

(V

Pa

)

Time (s)

Time (s)

Pre

ssu

re (

Pa)

L= half-width from strain gauges to the point where it enters the mass b= basic support h= thick paper E= module of Young

2

6

Ebh

FLmgF

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

An experimental set-up was realized for the device characterization which exploits the following relationship between an applied load and the strain

l= 2 s=t= 004

l= 2 s=t= 004

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

Device

number

Width Tracks(m) Spacing (m) Device Leght(cm)

1 300 300 1

2 300 300 15

3 300 300 2

4 400 400 1

5 400 400 15

6 400 400 2

7 200 200 15

8 200 200 1

9 200 200 2

10 100 100 1

11 100 100 15

12 100 100 2

Device Leght(cm)

Tracks Width (m)

Spacing ( m)

DR R0 = G ( dl l ) = G

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

LAYOUT

Strain Gauges have been realized by inkjet printing techniques implemented through bulla nano-Silver ink bulla commercial printer and a silver ink

Metalonreg JS-B15P Water-based nano-Silver ink These components are electrically conductive inks designed to produce circuits on porous substrates such as paper and treated polymer films including NoveleTM IJ-220 coated PET JS-B15P ink is specially formulated for stability for piezo-ink jet printing methods

Printed SensorsDIEEI Technologies

An analysis of the Active areas by a optical microscope revealed a minimum spatial resolution of 200 μm (track width and spcing)

Below 200 μm

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

Over 200 μm

Electron microscopy (SEM) images of the silver layer deposited on the device The structure of the silver tracks is quite homogeneous at the inspected scales and an approximate thickness of 190 microm has been estimated

(b)

A dedicated socket was realized to provide electrical contacts

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

PEDOTPSS + GRAPHENE

ZnO

PEDOT PANI GRAPHENE ZnO

Cl2 X

CH4 X X

CO X X

CO2 X X

H2 X

H2S X

NO X

NO2 X X X

NH3 X X X

- Low Cost Tecnology - Commercial Printers - Good Resolution - Fast Prototyping - A lot of Printable Materials

SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy

Development of low cost devices integrated into non-linear bistable flexible system

bull Bistable flexible PET beam (switches harvesters hellip)

bull Study and exploit the device dynamics

bull Low cost solutions for strain measurements electrodes and other passive structureshelliphellip

helliphellipinkjet printing

Non linear beamDIEEI Sensor LAB

End Set-up

SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy

Linear resonant devices bull Perform well when excited at their mechanical resonance bull Large sizes and masses are required at low frequencies bull Poor efficiency far from resonant operations

Non linear devices bull Overcome linear resonant devices limits bull Allow for scavenging a significant amount of energy from signals in a wide range of low frequencies

Non linear beam DIEEI Sensor LAB

End Set-up

There are many tools that can measure the flow but all of this are Commercial Devices bull large (8-10 cm or more) bull heavy (hundreds of grams) bull expensive ( 30 euro ndash 200 euro )

Printed Solution Printed Flow Sensor is bullCheap (Normal Inkjet Printer) bullLight (few grams) bullSmall (3-4 cm)

Application

Very simple idea put the sensor inside a tube with a hydraulic flow To the passage of hydraulic flow the sensor will flex in proportion to the intensity of the flow itself by varying its electrical resistance

120549R = 0

120549R = X

Pump

Sensor SG

Hydraulic Circuit Realization

Sensors

Conditioning Acquisition Processing

Alimentation Pump

System Modeling

Pump OFF

Velocity 1

Velocity 2

Acquisition step

Mean of each step

Repeat this process for 10 acquisition

Ascending period Descending period

then average each column to obtain two Model

That I consider divide in two periods

And so onhellip

Quadratic interpolation

Ascending Model With quadratic interpolation

Descending Model With quadratic interpolation

MODEL

MODEL

Quadratic Calibration Diagram

Saturation

Static friction

Ascending Calibration diagram

Descending Calibration diagram

Why Probabily because at 4 velocity the SG sensor is maximum deform

Why Because at start SG sensor must overcome Static friction

Then reverse the interpolation equation and use the Accuracy Band to obtain

Linear Calibration Diagram with a reduced operating field

But if we working with a reduced operating range for example from velocity 1 at 4 we can use a linear interpolation to obtain linear model

SG MATRIX FOR ESTIMATION

OF DEFORMATIONS OF

KNEE PROSTHESIS INSERT

APPLICATION POINTS

1

2

3

4

5

1

2

3

4

5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

distribuzione interpolata 3D

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Stress Measurement of Prosthesys Insert Layer to Verify Reliability of materials and prosthesys health

Up to 16 Strain Gauge Sensors Miniaturization Strategy

WHY

MUX

Sensing methodology bullSG Technology bullINKJET Printing bullSilver Ink

Implementation of sperimental Set-up

As can be seen from the layout shown in the figure it was tried to obtain a structure that oppose a minimum resistance to the weight application and it had a rigid base on which to fix the power sensor matrix

Implementation of sperimental Set-up

It was necessary to test the repeatability of measurements using the SET-UP shown above because the presence of friction could have affected in a non-negligible effect on the measurements

5 different weights were used and the weight of the structure to build the following graph through 20 different measurements and were calculated by the software Matlab the standard deviation and the mean for each so as to obtain the range of uncertainty of the measurements

1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 640

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80taratura (b=2sigmak=3sigma)

misure (16)

peso

[g]

weights applied[g]

wei

ghts

me

asu

red

[g]

44 50 56 62 68 72

This study shows that the measurement results are repeatable and the maximum standard deviation is 08g In the figure the yellow line corresponds to 1σ the blue line corresponds to 2σ while the black band corresponds to 3σ (σ is the standard deviation and assuming a Gaussian distribution which is equal to the standard deviation)

PRINTED TOUCHMASS SENSOR

LOW State

HIGH State

COMPARATOR

- Low Cost Touch Device

- Weareable Electronic

WHY - Inkjet Printing - Capacitive Interdigitated Printed Sensor - Dielectric Constant Variation - Two Different Conditioning Approach

- Bridge Circuit and Voltage Amplification

- Frequency Modulation Technique

Methodology

IDT Silver Ink

Rubber Dielectric Layer

PET Substrate Protective Layer

Plexiglass Support

PET

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

SENSOR

INA111

RC BRIDGE BUFFER INSTRUM AMPLIFIER

FILTER

RECTIFIER

SENSOR

AC

AMP - +

FILTER + RECTIFIER

CIRCUIT CONDITIONING

ADC DEVICE

GUI amp ACQUISITION WORKSPACE

OSCILLOSCOPE

Printed touch sensor

Working mode

d variation

Tested sensors

Davide Mandragrave

Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge

Advantages

High sensitivity

gt 200 mV

Drawbacks

Offset

waveforms out of

phase

Davide Mandragrave

WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR

But hellip what about x

THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED

∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF

WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g

Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

Printed Heater Device

THE HEATER

The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec

From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

τ = 65 sec

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

Printed Gas Sensors

PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)

bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm

PET Substrate thickness 200um

PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um

EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS

Measurement Set-up

Page 18: Technology….. ….Inkjet Printing - DIEES - Home Page ·  · 2016-12-21Printed Electronics: Inkjet Printed Sensors Overview of Graphic Art Printing systems Why inkjet printing?

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Metal Particle inks

Price 5000 ndash 10000 eurokg

Cabot - CCI 300 httpwwwcabot-corpcom

A functioning 950 MHz RFID tag with Spectra SE128 printed antenna

Inkjet printed test pattern demonstrated on variety of substrates

1048707 Paper PET PEN 1048707 FR4 polyimide 1048707 Display glass ITO coated glass Si

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 13

Printer Epson Stylus color 480 SXU Plates PEDOTPSS (Bayer - Baytron P) Dielectric PBPDA-PD from Aldrich (PI after heating) R = 17 MΩ C = 50 pF τ = 085 ms

All-polymer capacitor fabricated with inkjet printing technique Yi Liu Tianhong Cui Kody Varahramyan

Institute for Micromanufacturing Louisiana Tech University 911 Hergot Avenue PO Box 10137 Ruston LA 71272 USA Received 17 November 2002 received in revised form 28 January 2003 accepted 31 January 2003

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 23

Printer Microdrop Ink PEDOTPSS (Clevios PH 500)

Inkjet Printing of Microsensors Hussein Al-Chami Student Member IEEE and Edmond Cretu Member IEEE

Department of Electrical amp Computer Engineering University of British Columbia Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 33

Process Screen printing for the electrodes and inkjet (Dimatix) for the PANI Ink Silver nanoparticles (Acheson) + custom prepared PANI ink

Fabrication of chemical sensors using inkjet printing and application to gas detection Karl Crowley Aoife Morrin Malcolm R Smyth Anthony J Killard

Sensors and Separations Group School of Chemical Sciences National Centre for Sensor Research Dublin City University Dublin 9 Ireland

Evolution of inkjet printed droplet of nanoPANI solution over time

Real device

LAYOUT

Substrate membrane

Resistive sensor Final device

Printed SensorsDIEEI Resistive Pressure sensors

Exp

erim

en

tal

set-

up

Bottom electrode Oring Top Electrode

L

A

Y

O

U

T

Real device

Printed SensorsDIEEI Capacitive Pressure sensors

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8-01

0

01

02

03

Tempo (s)

Pre

ssio

ne

(P

a)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8-05

0

05

1

15

Tempo (s)

Vo

ut (V

)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

-10

0

10

Tempo (s)

Se

nsib

ilitagrave

(V

Pa

)

Time (s)

Time (s)

Pre

ssu

re (

Pa)

L= half-width from strain gauges to the point where it enters the mass b= basic support h= thick paper E= module of Young

2

6

Ebh

FLmgF

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

An experimental set-up was realized for the device characterization which exploits the following relationship between an applied load and the strain

l= 2 s=t= 004

l= 2 s=t= 004

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

Device

number

Width Tracks(m) Spacing (m) Device Leght(cm)

1 300 300 1

2 300 300 15

3 300 300 2

4 400 400 1

5 400 400 15

6 400 400 2

7 200 200 15

8 200 200 1

9 200 200 2

10 100 100 1

11 100 100 15

12 100 100 2

Device Leght(cm)

Tracks Width (m)

Spacing ( m)

DR R0 = G ( dl l ) = G

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

LAYOUT

Strain Gauges have been realized by inkjet printing techniques implemented through bulla nano-Silver ink bulla commercial printer and a silver ink

Metalonreg JS-B15P Water-based nano-Silver ink These components are electrically conductive inks designed to produce circuits on porous substrates such as paper and treated polymer films including NoveleTM IJ-220 coated PET JS-B15P ink is specially formulated for stability for piezo-ink jet printing methods

Printed SensorsDIEEI Technologies

An analysis of the Active areas by a optical microscope revealed a minimum spatial resolution of 200 μm (track width and spcing)

Below 200 μm

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

Over 200 μm

Electron microscopy (SEM) images of the silver layer deposited on the device The structure of the silver tracks is quite homogeneous at the inspected scales and an approximate thickness of 190 microm has been estimated

(b)

A dedicated socket was realized to provide electrical contacts

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

PEDOTPSS + GRAPHENE

ZnO

PEDOT PANI GRAPHENE ZnO

Cl2 X

CH4 X X

CO X X

CO2 X X

H2 X

H2S X

NO X

NO2 X X X

NH3 X X X

- Low Cost Tecnology - Commercial Printers - Good Resolution - Fast Prototyping - A lot of Printable Materials

SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy

Development of low cost devices integrated into non-linear bistable flexible system

bull Bistable flexible PET beam (switches harvesters hellip)

bull Study and exploit the device dynamics

bull Low cost solutions for strain measurements electrodes and other passive structureshelliphellip

helliphellipinkjet printing

Non linear beamDIEEI Sensor LAB

End Set-up

SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy

Linear resonant devices bull Perform well when excited at their mechanical resonance bull Large sizes and masses are required at low frequencies bull Poor efficiency far from resonant operations

Non linear devices bull Overcome linear resonant devices limits bull Allow for scavenging a significant amount of energy from signals in a wide range of low frequencies

Non linear beam DIEEI Sensor LAB

End Set-up

There are many tools that can measure the flow but all of this are Commercial Devices bull large (8-10 cm or more) bull heavy (hundreds of grams) bull expensive ( 30 euro ndash 200 euro )

Printed Solution Printed Flow Sensor is bullCheap (Normal Inkjet Printer) bullLight (few grams) bullSmall (3-4 cm)

Application

Very simple idea put the sensor inside a tube with a hydraulic flow To the passage of hydraulic flow the sensor will flex in proportion to the intensity of the flow itself by varying its electrical resistance

120549R = 0

120549R = X

Pump

Sensor SG

Hydraulic Circuit Realization

Sensors

Conditioning Acquisition Processing

Alimentation Pump

System Modeling

Pump OFF

Velocity 1

Velocity 2

Acquisition step

Mean of each step

Repeat this process for 10 acquisition

Ascending period Descending period

then average each column to obtain two Model

That I consider divide in two periods

And so onhellip

Quadratic interpolation

Ascending Model With quadratic interpolation

Descending Model With quadratic interpolation

MODEL

MODEL

Quadratic Calibration Diagram

Saturation

Static friction

Ascending Calibration diagram

Descending Calibration diagram

Why Probabily because at 4 velocity the SG sensor is maximum deform

Why Because at start SG sensor must overcome Static friction

Then reverse the interpolation equation and use the Accuracy Band to obtain

Linear Calibration Diagram with a reduced operating field

But if we working with a reduced operating range for example from velocity 1 at 4 we can use a linear interpolation to obtain linear model

SG MATRIX FOR ESTIMATION

OF DEFORMATIONS OF

KNEE PROSTHESIS INSERT

APPLICATION POINTS

1

2

3

4

5

1

2

3

4

5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

distribuzione interpolata 3D

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Stress Measurement of Prosthesys Insert Layer to Verify Reliability of materials and prosthesys health

Up to 16 Strain Gauge Sensors Miniaturization Strategy

WHY

MUX

Sensing methodology bullSG Technology bullINKJET Printing bullSilver Ink

Implementation of sperimental Set-up

As can be seen from the layout shown in the figure it was tried to obtain a structure that oppose a minimum resistance to the weight application and it had a rigid base on which to fix the power sensor matrix

Implementation of sperimental Set-up

It was necessary to test the repeatability of measurements using the SET-UP shown above because the presence of friction could have affected in a non-negligible effect on the measurements

5 different weights were used and the weight of the structure to build the following graph through 20 different measurements and were calculated by the software Matlab the standard deviation and the mean for each so as to obtain the range of uncertainty of the measurements

1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 640

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80taratura (b=2sigmak=3sigma)

misure (16)

peso

[g]

weights applied[g]

wei

ghts

me

asu

red

[g]

44 50 56 62 68 72

This study shows that the measurement results are repeatable and the maximum standard deviation is 08g In the figure the yellow line corresponds to 1σ the blue line corresponds to 2σ while the black band corresponds to 3σ (σ is the standard deviation and assuming a Gaussian distribution which is equal to the standard deviation)

PRINTED TOUCHMASS SENSOR

LOW State

HIGH State

COMPARATOR

- Low Cost Touch Device

- Weareable Electronic

WHY - Inkjet Printing - Capacitive Interdigitated Printed Sensor - Dielectric Constant Variation - Two Different Conditioning Approach

- Bridge Circuit and Voltage Amplification

- Frequency Modulation Technique

Methodology

IDT Silver Ink

Rubber Dielectric Layer

PET Substrate Protective Layer

Plexiglass Support

PET

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

SENSOR

INA111

RC BRIDGE BUFFER INSTRUM AMPLIFIER

FILTER

RECTIFIER

SENSOR

AC

AMP - +

FILTER + RECTIFIER

CIRCUIT CONDITIONING

ADC DEVICE

GUI amp ACQUISITION WORKSPACE

OSCILLOSCOPE

Printed touch sensor

Working mode

d variation

Tested sensors

Davide Mandragrave

Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge

Advantages

High sensitivity

gt 200 mV

Drawbacks

Offset

waveforms out of

phase

Davide Mandragrave

WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR

But hellip what about x

THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED

∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF

WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g

Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

Printed Heater Device

THE HEATER

The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec

From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

τ = 65 sec

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

Printed Gas Sensors

PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)

bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm

PET Substrate thickness 200um

PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um

EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS

Measurement Set-up

Page 19: Technology….. ….Inkjet Printing - DIEES - Home Page ·  · 2016-12-21Printed Electronics: Inkjet Printed Sensors Overview of Graphic Art Printing systems Why inkjet printing?

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 13

Printer Epson Stylus color 480 SXU Plates PEDOTPSS (Bayer - Baytron P) Dielectric PBPDA-PD from Aldrich (PI after heating) R = 17 MΩ C = 50 pF τ = 085 ms

All-polymer capacitor fabricated with inkjet printing technique Yi Liu Tianhong Cui Kody Varahramyan

Institute for Micromanufacturing Louisiana Tech University 911 Hergot Avenue PO Box 10137 Ruston LA 71272 USA Received 17 November 2002 received in revised form 28 January 2003 accepted 31 January 2003

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 23

Printer Microdrop Ink PEDOTPSS (Clevios PH 500)

Inkjet Printing of Microsensors Hussein Al-Chami Student Member IEEE and Edmond Cretu Member IEEE

Department of Electrical amp Computer Engineering University of British Columbia Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 33

Process Screen printing for the electrodes and inkjet (Dimatix) for the PANI Ink Silver nanoparticles (Acheson) + custom prepared PANI ink

Fabrication of chemical sensors using inkjet printing and application to gas detection Karl Crowley Aoife Morrin Malcolm R Smyth Anthony J Killard

Sensors and Separations Group School of Chemical Sciences National Centre for Sensor Research Dublin City University Dublin 9 Ireland

Evolution of inkjet printed droplet of nanoPANI solution over time

Real device

LAYOUT

Substrate membrane

Resistive sensor Final device

Printed SensorsDIEEI Resistive Pressure sensors

Exp

erim

en

tal

set-

up

Bottom electrode Oring Top Electrode

L

A

Y

O

U

T

Real device

Printed SensorsDIEEI Capacitive Pressure sensors

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8-01

0

01

02

03

Tempo (s)

Pre

ssio

ne

(P

a)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8-05

0

05

1

15

Tempo (s)

Vo

ut (V

)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

-10

0

10

Tempo (s)

Se

nsib

ilitagrave

(V

Pa

)

Time (s)

Time (s)

Pre

ssu

re (

Pa)

L= half-width from strain gauges to the point where it enters the mass b= basic support h= thick paper E= module of Young

2

6

Ebh

FLmgF

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

An experimental set-up was realized for the device characterization which exploits the following relationship between an applied load and the strain

l= 2 s=t= 004

l= 2 s=t= 004

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

Device

number

Width Tracks(m) Spacing (m) Device Leght(cm)

1 300 300 1

2 300 300 15

3 300 300 2

4 400 400 1

5 400 400 15

6 400 400 2

7 200 200 15

8 200 200 1

9 200 200 2

10 100 100 1

11 100 100 15

12 100 100 2

Device Leght(cm)

Tracks Width (m)

Spacing ( m)

DR R0 = G ( dl l ) = G

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

LAYOUT

Strain Gauges have been realized by inkjet printing techniques implemented through bulla nano-Silver ink bulla commercial printer and a silver ink

Metalonreg JS-B15P Water-based nano-Silver ink These components are electrically conductive inks designed to produce circuits on porous substrates such as paper and treated polymer films including NoveleTM IJ-220 coated PET JS-B15P ink is specially formulated for stability for piezo-ink jet printing methods

Printed SensorsDIEEI Technologies

An analysis of the Active areas by a optical microscope revealed a minimum spatial resolution of 200 μm (track width and spcing)

Below 200 μm

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

Over 200 μm

Electron microscopy (SEM) images of the silver layer deposited on the device The structure of the silver tracks is quite homogeneous at the inspected scales and an approximate thickness of 190 microm has been estimated

(b)

A dedicated socket was realized to provide electrical contacts

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

PEDOTPSS + GRAPHENE

ZnO

PEDOT PANI GRAPHENE ZnO

Cl2 X

CH4 X X

CO X X

CO2 X X

H2 X

H2S X

NO X

NO2 X X X

NH3 X X X

- Low Cost Tecnology - Commercial Printers - Good Resolution - Fast Prototyping - A lot of Printable Materials

SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy

Development of low cost devices integrated into non-linear bistable flexible system

bull Bistable flexible PET beam (switches harvesters hellip)

bull Study and exploit the device dynamics

bull Low cost solutions for strain measurements electrodes and other passive structureshelliphellip

helliphellipinkjet printing

Non linear beamDIEEI Sensor LAB

End Set-up

SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy

Linear resonant devices bull Perform well when excited at their mechanical resonance bull Large sizes and masses are required at low frequencies bull Poor efficiency far from resonant operations

Non linear devices bull Overcome linear resonant devices limits bull Allow for scavenging a significant amount of energy from signals in a wide range of low frequencies

Non linear beam DIEEI Sensor LAB

End Set-up

There are many tools that can measure the flow but all of this are Commercial Devices bull large (8-10 cm or more) bull heavy (hundreds of grams) bull expensive ( 30 euro ndash 200 euro )

Printed Solution Printed Flow Sensor is bullCheap (Normal Inkjet Printer) bullLight (few grams) bullSmall (3-4 cm)

Application

Very simple idea put the sensor inside a tube with a hydraulic flow To the passage of hydraulic flow the sensor will flex in proportion to the intensity of the flow itself by varying its electrical resistance

120549R = 0

120549R = X

Pump

Sensor SG

Hydraulic Circuit Realization

Sensors

Conditioning Acquisition Processing

Alimentation Pump

System Modeling

Pump OFF

Velocity 1

Velocity 2

Acquisition step

Mean of each step

Repeat this process for 10 acquisition

Ascending period Descending period

then average each column to obtain two Model

That I consider divide in two periods

And so onhellip

Quadratic interpolation

Ascending Model With quadratic interpolation

Descending Model With quadratic interpolation

MODEL

MODEL

Quadratic Calibration Diagram

Saturation

Static friction

Ascending Calibration diagram

Descending Calibration diagram

Why Probabily because at 4 velocity the SG sensor is maximum deform

Why Because at start SG sensor must overcome Static friction

Then reverse the interpolation equation and use the Accuracy Band to obtain

Linear Calibration Diagram with a reduced operating field

But if we working with a reduced operating range for example from velocity 1 at 4 we can use a linear interpolation to obtain linear model

SG MATRIX FOR ESTIMATION

OF DEFORMATIONS OF

KNEE PROSTHESIS INSERT

APPLICATION POINTS

1

2

3

4

5

1

2

3

4

5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

distribuzione interpolata 3D

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Stress Measurement of Prosthesys Insert Layer to Verify Reliability of materials and prosthesys health

Up to 16 Strain Gauge Sensors Miniaturization Strategy

WHY

MUX

Sensing methodology bullSG Technology bullINKJET Printing bullSilver Ink

Implementation of sperimental Set-up

As can be seen from the layout shown in the figure it was tried to obtain a structure that oppose a minimum resistance to the weight application and it had a rigid base on which to fix the power sensor matrix

Implementation of sperimental Set-up

It was necessary to test the repeatability of measurements using the SET-UP shown above because the presence of friction could have affected in a non-negligible effect on the measurements

5 different weights were used and the weight of the structure to build the following graph through 20 different measurements and were calculated by the software Matlab the standard deviation and the mean for each so as to obtain the range of uncertainty of the measurements

1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 640

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80taratura (b=2sigmak=3sigma)

misure (16)

peso

[g]

weights applied[g]

wei

ghts

me

asu

red

[g]

44 50 56 62 68 72

This study shows that the measurement results are repeatable and the maximum standard deviation is 08g In the figure the yellow line corresponds to 1σ the blue line corresponds to 2σ while the black band corresponds to 3σ (σ is the standard deviation and assuming a Gaussian distribution which is equal to the standard deviation)

PRINTED TOUCHMASS SENSOR

LOW State

HIGH State

COMPARATOR

- Low Cost Touch Device

- Weareable Electronic

WHY - Inkjet Printing - Capacitive Interdigitated Printed Sensor - Dielectric Constant Variation - Two Different Conditioning Approach

- Bridge Circuit and Voltage Amplification

- Frequency Modulation Technique

Methodology

IDT Silver Ink

Rubber Dielectric Layer

PET Substrate Protective Layer

Plexiglass Support

PET

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

SENSOR

INA111

RC BRIDGE BUFFER INSTRUM AMPLIFIER

FILTER

RECTIFIER

SENSOR

AC

AMP - +

FILTER + RECTIFIER

CIRCUIT CONDITIONING

ADC DEVICE

GUI amp ACQUISITION WORKSPACE

OSCILLOSCOPE

Printed touch sensor

Working mode

d variation

Tested sensors

Davide Mandragrave

Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge

Advantages

High sensitivity

gt 200 mV

Drawbacks

Offset

waveforms out of

phase

Davide Mandragrave

WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR

But hellip what about x

THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED

∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF

WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g

Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

Printed Heater Device

THE HEATER

The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec

From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

τ = 65 sec

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

Printed Gas Sensors

PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)

bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm

PET Substrate thickness 200um

PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um

EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS

Measurement Set-up

Page 20: Technology….. ….Inkjet Printing - DIEES - Home Page ·  · 2016-12-21Printed Electronics: Inkjet Printed Sensors Overview of Graphic Art Printing systems Why inkjet printing?

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 23

Printer Microdrop Ink PEDOTPSS (Clevios PH 500)

Inkjet Printing of Microsensors Hussein Al-Chami Student Member IEEE and Edmond Cretu Member IEEE

Department of Electrical amp Computer Engineering University of British Columbia Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 33

Process Screen printing for the electrodes and inkjet (Dimatix) for the PANI Ink Silver nanoparticles (Acheson) + custom prepared PANI ink

Fabrication of chemical sensors using inkjet printing and application to gas detection Karl Crowley Aoife Morrin Malcolm R Smyth Anthony J Killard

Sensors and Separations Group School of Chemical Sciences National Centre for Sensor Research Dublin City University Dublin 9 Ireland

Evolution of inkjet printed droplet of nanoPANI solution over time

Real device

LAYOUT

Substrate membrane

Resistive sensor Final device

Printed SensorsDIEEI Resistive Pressure sensors

Exp

erim

en

tal

set-

up

Bottom electrode Oring Top Electrode

L

A

Y

O

U

T

Real device

Printed SensorsDIEEI Capacitive Pressure sensors

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8-01

0

01

02

03

Tempo (s)

Pre

ssio

ne

(P

a)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8-05

0

05

1

15

Tempo (s)

Vo

ut (V

)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

-10

0

10

Tempo (s)

Se

nsib

ilitagrave

(V

Pa

)

Time (s)

Time (s)

Pre

ssu

re (

Pa)

L= half-width from strain gauges to the point where it enters the mass b= basic support h= thick paper E= module of Young

2

6

Ebh

FLmgF

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

An experimental set-up was realized for the device characterization which exploits the following relationship between an applied load and the strain

l= 2 s=t= 004

l= 2 s=t= 004

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

Device

number

Width Tracks(m) Spacing (m) Device Leght(cm)

1 300 300 1

2 300 300 15

3 300 300 2

4 400 400 1

5 400 400 15

6 400 400 2

7 200 200 15

8 200 200 1

9 200 200 2

10 100 100 1

11 100 100 15

12 100 100 2

Device Leght(cm)

Tracks Width (m)

Spacing ( m)

DR R0 = G ( dl l ) = G

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

LAYOUT

Strain Gauges have been realized by inkjet printing techniques implemented through bulla nano-Silver ink bulla commercial printer and a silver ink

Metalonreg JS-B15P Water-based nano-Silver ink These components are electrically conductive inks designed to produce circuits on porous substrates such as paper and treated polymer films including NoveleTM IJ-220 coated PET JS-B15P ink is specially formulated for stability for piezo-ink jet printing methods

Printed SensorsDIEEI Technologies

An analysis of the Active areas by a optical microscope revealed a minimum spatial resolution of 200 μm (track width and spcing)

Below 200 μm

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

Over 200 μm

Electron microscopy (SEM) images of the silver layer deposited on the device The structure of the silver tracks is quite homogeneous at the inspected scales and an approximate thickness of 190 microm has been estimated

(b)

A dedicated socket was realized to provide electrical contacts

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

PEDOTPSS + GRAPHENE

ZnO

PEDOT PANI GRAPHENE ZnO

Cl2 X

CH4 X X

CO X X

CO2 X X

H2 X

H2S X

NO X

NO2 X X X

NH3 X X X

- Low Cost Tecnology - Commercial Printers - Good Resolution - Fast Prototyping - A lot of Printable Materials

SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy

Development of low cost devices integrated into non-linear bistable flexible system

bull Bistable flexible PET beam (switches harvesters hellip)

bull Study and exploit the device dynamics

bull Low cost solutions for strain measurements electrodes and other passive structureshelliphellip

helliphellipinkjet printing

Non linear beamDIEEI Sensor LAB

End Set-up

SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy

Linear resonant devices bull Perform well when excited at their mechanical resonance bull Large sizes and masses are required at low frequencies bull Poor efficiency far from resonant operations

Non linear devices bull Overcome linear resonant devices limits bull Allow for scavenging a significant amount of energy from signals in a wide range of low frequencies

Non linear beam DIEEI Sensor LAB

End Set-up

There are many tools that can measure the flow but all of this are Commercial Devices bull large (8-10 cm or more) bull heavy (hundreds of grams) bull expensive ( 30 euro ndash 200 euro )

Printed Solution Printed Flow Sensor is bullCheap (Normal Inkjet Printer) bullLight (few grams) bullSmall (3-4 cm)

Application

Very simple idea put the sensor inside a tube with a hydraulic flow To the passage of hydraulic flow the sensor will flex in proportion to the intensity of the flow itself by varying its electrical resistance

120549R = 0

120549R = X

Pump

Sensor SG

Hydraulic Circuit Realization

Sensors

Conditioning Acquisition Processing

Alimentation Pump

System Modeling

Pump OFF

Velocity 1

Velocity 2

Acquisition step

Mean of each step

Repeat this process for 10 acquisition

Ascending period Descending period

then average each column to obtain two Model

That I consider divide in two periods

And so onhellip

Quadratic interpolation

Ascending Model With quadratic interpolation

Descending Model With quadratic interpolation

MODEL

MODEL

Quadratic Calibration Diagram

Saturation

Static friction

Ascending Calibration diagram

Descending Calibration diagram

Why Probabily because at 4 velocity the SG sensor is maximum deform

Why Because at start SG sensor must overcome Static friction

Then reverse the interpolation equation and use the Accuracy Band to obtain

Linear Calibration Diagram with a reduced operating field

But if we working with a reduced operating range for example from velocity 1 at 4 we can use a linear interpolation to obtain linear model

SG MATRIX FOR ESTIMATION

OF DEFORMATIONS OF

KNEE PROSTHESIS INSERT

APPLICATION POINTS

1

2

3

4

5

1

2

3

4

5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

distribuzione interpolata 3D

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Stress Measurement of Prosthesys Insert Layer to Verify Reliability of materials and prosthesys health

Up to 16 Strain Gauge Sensors Miniaturization Strategy

WHY

MUX

Sensing methodology bullSG Technology bullINKJET Printing bullSilver Ink

Implementation of sperimental Set-up

As can be seen from the layout shown in the figure it was tried to obtain a structure that oppose a minimum resistance to the weight application and it had a rigid base on which to fix the power sensor matrix

Implementation of sperimental Set-up

It was necessary to test the repeatability of measurements using the SET-UP shown above because the presence of friction could have affected in a non-negligible effect on the measurements

5 different weights were used and the weight of the structure to build the following graph through 20 different measurements and were calculated by the software Matlab the standard deviation and the mean for each so as to obtain the range of uncertainty of the measurements

1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 640

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80taratura (b=2sigmak=3sigma)

misure (16)

peso

[g]

weights applied[g]

wei

ghts

me

asu

red

[g]

44 50 56 62 68 72

This study shows that the measurement results are repeatable and the maximum standard deviation is 08g In the figure the yellow line corresponds to 1σ the blue line corresponds to 2σ while the black band corresponds to 3σ (σ is the standard deviation and assuming a Gaussian distribution which is equal to the standard deviation)

PRINTED TOUCHMASS SENSOR

LOW State

HIGH State

COMPARATOR

- Low Cost Touch Device

- Weareable Electronic

WHY - Inkjet Printing - Capacitive Interdigitated Printed Sensor - Dielectric Constant Variation - Two Different Conditioning Approach

- Bridge Circuit and Voltage Amplification

- Frequency Modulation Technique

Methodology

IDT Silver Ink

Rubber Dielectric Layer

PET Substrate Protective Layer

Plexiglass Support

PET

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

SENSOR

INA111

RC BRIDGE BUFFER INSTRUM AMPLIFIER

FILTER

RECTIFIER

SENSOR

AC

AMP - +

FILTER + RECTIFIER

CIRCUIT CONDITIONING

ADC DEVICE

GUI amp ACQUISITION WORKSPACE

OSCILLOSCOPE

Printed touch sensor

Working mode

d variation

Tested sensors

Davide Mandragrave

Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge

Advantages

High sensitivity

gt 200 mV

Drawbacks

Offset

waveforms out of

phase

Davide Mandragrave

WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR

But hellip what about x

THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED

∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF

WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g

Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

Printed Heater Device

THE HEATER

The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec

From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

τ = 65 sec

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

Printed Gas Sensors

PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)

bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm

PET Substrate thickness 200um

PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um

EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS

Measurement Set-up

Page 21: Technology….. ….Inkjet Printing - DIEES - Home Page ·  · 2016-12-21Printed Electronics: Inkjet Printed Sensors Overview of Graphic Art Printing systems Why inkjet printing?

Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 33

Process Screen printing for the electrodes and inkjet (Dimatix) for the PANI Ink Silver nanoparticles (Acheson) + custom prepared PANI ink

Fabrication of chemical sensors using inkjet printing and application to gas detection Karl Crowley Aoife Morrin Malcolm R Smyth Anthony J Killard

Sensors and Separations Group School of Chemical Sciences National Centre for Sensor Research Dublin City University Dublin 9 Ireland

Evolution of inkjet printed droplet of nanoPANI solution over time

Real device

LAYOUT

Substrate membrane

Resistive sensor Final device

Printed SensorsDIEEI Resistive Pressure sensors

Exp

erim

en

tal

set-

up

Bottom electrode Oring Top Electrode

L

A

Y

O

U

T

Real device

Printed SensorsDIEEI Capacitive Pressure sensors

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8-01

0

01

02

03

Tempo (s)

Pre

ssio

ne

(P

a)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8-05

0

05

1

15

Tempo (s)

Vo

ut (V

)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

-10

0

10

Tempo (s)

Se

nsib

ilitagrave

(V

Pa

)

Time (s)

Time (s)

Pre

ssu

re (

Pa)

L= half-width from strain gauges to the point where it enters the mass b= basic support h= thick paper E= module of Young

2

6

Ebh

FLmgF

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

An experimental set-up was realized for the device characterization which exploits the following relationship between an applied load and the strain

l= 2 s=t= 004

l= 2 s=t= 004

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

Device

number

Width Tracks(m) Spacing (m) Device Leght(cm)

1 300 300 1

2 300 300 15

3 300 300 2

4 400 400 1

5 400 400 15

6 400 400 2

7 200 200 15

8 200 200 1

9 200 200 2

10 100 100 1

11 100 100 15

12 100 100 2

Device Leght(cm)

Tracks Width (m)

Spacing ( m)

DR R0 = G ( dl l ) = G

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

LAYOUT

Strain Gauges have been realized by inkjet printing techniques implemented through bulla nano-Silver ink bulla commercial printer and a silver ink

Metalonreg JS-B15P Water-based nano-Silver ink These components are electrically conductive inks designed to produce circuits on porous substrates such as paper and treated polymer films including NoveleTM IJ-220 coated PET JS-B15P ink is specially formulated for stability for piezo-ink jet printing methods

Printed SensorsDIEEI Technologies

An analysis of the Active areas by a optical microscope revealed a minimum spatial resolution of 200 μm (track width and spcing)

Below 200 μm

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

Over 200 μm

Electron microscopy (SEM) images of the silver layer deposited on the device The structure of the silver tracks is quite homogeneous at the inspected scales and an approximate thickness of 190 microm has been estimated

(b)

A dedicated socket was realized to provide electrical contacts

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

PEDOTPSS + GRAPHENE

ZnO

PEDOT PANI GRAPHENE ZnO

Cl2 X

CH4 X X

CO X X

CO2 X X

H2 X

H2S X

NO X

NO2 X X X

NH3 X X X

- Low Cost Tecnology - Commercial Printers - Good Resolution - Fast Prototyping - A lot of Printable Materials

SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy

Development of low cost devices integrated into non-linear bistable flexible system

bull Bistable flexible PET beam (switches harvesters hellip)

bull Study and exploit the device dynamics

bull Low cost solutions for strain measurements electrodes and other passive structureshelliphellip

helliphellipinkjet printing

Non linear beamDIEEI Sensor LAB

End Set-up

SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy

Linear resonant devices bull Perform well when excited at their mechanical resonance bull Large sizes and masses are required at low frequencies bull Poor efficiency far from resonant operations

Non linear devices bull Overcome linear resonant devices limits bull Allow for scavenging a significant amount of energy from signals in a wide range of low frequencies

Non linear beam DIEEI Sensor LAB

End Set-up

There are many tools that can measure the flow but all of this are Commercial Devices bull large (8-10 cm or more) bull heavy (hundreds of grams) bull expensive ( 30 euro ndash 200 euro )

Printed Solution Printed Flow Sensor is bullCheap (Normal Inkjet Printer) bullLight (few grams) bullSmall (3-4 cm)

Application

Very simple idea put the sensor inside a tube with a hydraulic flow To the passage of hydraulic flow the sensor will flex in proportion to the intensity of the flow itself by varying its electrical resistance

120549R = 0

120549R = X

Pump

Sensor SG

Hydraulic Circuit Realization

Sensors

Conditioning Acquisition Processing

Alimentation Pump

System Modeling

Pump OFF

Velocity 1

Velocity 2

Acquisition step

Mean of each step

Repeat this process for 10 acquisition

Ascending period Descending period

then average each column to obtain two Model

That I consider divide in two periods

And so onhellip

Quadratic interpolation

Ascending Model With quadratic interpolation

Descending Model With quadratic interpolation

MODEL

MODEL

Quadratic Calibration Diagram

Saturation

Static friction

Ascending Calibration diagram

Descending Calibration diagram

Why Probabily because at 4 velocity the SG sensor is maximum deform

Why Because at start SG sensor must overcome Static friction

Then reverse the interpolation equation and use the Accuracy Band to obtain

Linear Calibration Diagram with a reduced operating field

But if we working with a reduced operating range for example from velocity 1 at 4 we can use a linear interpolation to obtain linear model

SG MATRIX FOR ESTIMATION

OF DEFORMATIONS OF

KNEE PROSTHESIS INSERT

APPLICATION POINTS

1

2

3

4

5

1

2

3

4

5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

distribuzione interpolata 3D

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Stress Measurement of Prosthesys Insert Layer to Verify Reliability of materials and prosthesys health

Up to 16 Strain Gauge Sensors Miniaturization Strategy

WHY

MUX

Sensing methodology bullSG Technology bullINKJET Printing bullSilver Ink

Implementation of sperimental Set-up

As can be seen from the layout shown in the figure it was tried to obtain a structure that oppose a minimum resistance to the weight application and it had a rigid base on which to fix the power sensor matrix

Implementation of sperimental Set-up

It was necessary to test the repeatability of measurements using the SET-UP shown above because the presence of friction could have affected in a non-negligible effect on the measurements

5 different weights were used and the weight of the structure to build the following graph through 20 different measurements and were calculated by the software Matlab the standard deviation and the mean for each so as to obtain the range of uncertainty of the measurements

1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 640

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80taratura (b=2sigmak=3sigma)

misure (16)

peso

[g]

weights applied[g]

wei

ghts

me

asu

red

[g]

44 50 56 62 68 72

This study shows that the measurement results are repeatable and the maximum standard deviation is 08g In the figure the yellow line corresponds to 1σ the blue line corresponds to 2σ while the black band corresponds to 3σ (σ is the standard deviation and assuming a Gaussian distribution which is equal to the standard deviation)

PRINTED TOUCHMASS SENSOR

LOW State

HIGH State

COMPARATOR

- Low Cost Touch Device

- Weareable Electronic

WHY - Inkjet Printing - Capacitive Interdigitated Printed Sensor - Dielectric Constant Variation - Two Different Conditioning Approach

- Bridge Circuit and Voltage Amplification

- Frequency Modulation Technique

Methodology

IDT Silver Ink

Rubber Dielectric Layer

PET Substrate Protective Layer

Plexiglass Support

PET

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

SENSOR

INA111

RC BRIDGE BUFFER INSTRUM AMPLIFIER

FILTER

RECTIFIER

SENSOR

AC

AMP - +

FILTER + RECTIFIER

CIRCUIT CONDITIONING

ADC DEVICE

GUI amp ACQUISITION WORKSPACE

OSCILLOSCOPE

Printed touch sensor

Working mode

d variation

Tested sensors

Davide Mandragrave

Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge

Advantages

High sensitivity

gt 200 mV

Drawbacks

Offset

waveforms out of

phase

Davide Mandragrave

WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR

But hellip what about x

THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED

∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF

WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g

Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

Printed Heater Device

THE HEATER

The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec

From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

τ = 65 sec

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

Printed Gas Sensors

PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)

bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm

PET Substrate thickness 200um

PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um

EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS

Measurement Set-up

Page 22: Technology….. ….Inkjet Printing - DIEES - Home Page ·  · 2016-12-21Printed Electronics: Inkjet Printed Sensors Overview of Graphic Art Printing systems Why inkjet printing?

Real device

LAYOUT

Substrate membrane

Resistive sensor Final device

Printed SensorsDIEEI Resistive Pressure sensors

Exp

erim

en

tal

set-

up

Bottom electrode Oring Top Electrode

L

A

Y

O

U

T

Real device

Printed SensorsDIEEI Capacitive Pressure sensors

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8-01

0

01

02

03

Tempo (s)

Pre

ssio

ne

(P

a)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8-05

0

05

1

15

Tempo (s)

Vo

ut (V

)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

-10

0

10

Tempo (s)

Se

nsib

ilitagrave

(V

Pa

)

Time (s)

Time (s)

Pre

ssu

re (

Pa)

L= half-width from strain gauges to the point where it enters the mass b= basic support h= thick paper E= module of Young

2

6

Ebh

FLmgF

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

An experimental set-up was realized for the device characterization which exploits the following relationship between an applied load and the strain

l= 2 s=t= 004

l= 2 s=t= 004

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

Device

number

Width Tracks(m) Spacing (m) Device Leght(cm)

1 300 300 1

2 300 300 15

3 300 300 2

4 400 400 1

5 400 400 15

6 400 400 2

7 200 200 15

8 200 200 1

9 200 200 2

10 100 100 1

11 100 100 15

12 100 100 2

Device Leght(cm)

Tracks Width (m)

Spacing ( m)

DR R0 = G ( dl l ) = G

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

LAYOUT

Strain Gauges have been realized by inkjet printing techniques implemented through bulla nano-Silver ink bulla commercial printer and a silver ink

Metalonreg JS-B15P Water-based nano-Silver ink These components are electrically conductive inks designed to produce circuits on porous substrates such as paper and treated polymer films including NoveleTM IJ-220 coated PET JS-B15P ink is specially formulated for stability for piezo-ink jet printing methods

Printed SensorsDIEEI Technologies

An analysis of the Active areas by a optical microscope revealed a minimum spatial resolution of 200 μm (track width and spcing)

Below 200 μm

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

Over 200 μm

Electron microscopy (SEM) images of the silver layer deposited on the device The structure of the silver tracks is quite homogeneous at the inspected scales and an approximate thickness of 190 microm has been estimated

(b)

A dedicated socket was realized to provide electrical contacts

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

PEDOTPSS + GRAPHENE

ZnO

PEDOT PANI GRAPHENE ZnO

Cl2 X

CH4 X X

CO X X

CO2 X X

H2 X

H2S X

NO X

NO2 X X X

NH3 X X X

- Low Cost Tecnology - Commercial Printers - Good Resolution - Fast Prototyping - A lot of Printable Materials

SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy

Development of low cost devices integrated into non-linear bistable flexible system

bull Bistable flexible PET beam (switches harvesters hellip)

bull Study and exploit the device dynamics

bull Low cost solutions for strain measurements electrodes and other passive structureshelliphellip

helliphellipinkjet printing

Non linear beamDIEEI Sensor LAB

End Set-up

SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy

Linear resonant devices bull Perform well when excited at their mechanical resonance bull Large sizes and masses are required at low frequencies bull Poor efficiency far from resonant operations

Non linear devices bull Overcome linear resonant devices limits bull Allow for scavenging a significant amount of energy from signals in a wide range of low frequencies

Non linear beam DIEEI Sensor LAB

End Set-up

There are many tools that can measure the flow but all of this are Commercial Devices bull large (8-10 cm or more) bull heavy (hundreds of grams) bull expensive ( 30 euro ndash 200 euro )

Printed Solution Printed Flow Sensor is bullCheap (Normal Inkjet Printer) bullLight (few grams) bullSmall (3-4 cm)

Application

Very simple idea put the sensor inside a tube with a hydraulic flow To the passage of hydraulic flow the sensor will flex in proportion to the intensity of the flow itself by varying its electrical resistance

120549R = 0

120549R = X

Pump

Sensor SG

Hydraulic Circuit Realization

Sensors

Conditioning Acquisition Processing

Alimentation Pump

System Modeling

Pump OFF

Velocity 1

Velocity 2

Acquisition step

Mean of each step

Repeat this process for 10 acquisition

Ascending period Descending period

then average each column to obtain two Model

That I consider divide in two periods

And so onhellip

Quadratic interpolation

Ascending Model With quadratic interpolation

Descending Model With quadratic interpolation

MODEL

MODEL

Quadratic Calibration Diagram

Saturation

Static friction

Ascending Calibration diagram

Descending Calibration diagram

Why Probabily because at 4 velocity the SG sensor is maximum deform

Why Because at start SG sensor must overcome Static friction

Then reverse the interpolation equation and use the Accuracy Band to obtain

Linear Calibration Diagram with a reduced operating field

But if we working with a reduced operating range for example from velocity 1 at 4 we can use a linear interpolation to obtain linear model

SG MATRIX FOR ESTIMATION

OF DEFORMATIONS OF

KNEE PROSTHESIS INSERT

APPLICATION POINTS

1

2

3

4

5

1

2

3

4

5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

distribuzione interpolata 3D

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Stress Measurement of Prosthesys Insert Layer to Verify Reliability of materials and prosthesys health

Up to 16 Strain Gauge Sensors Miniaturization Strategy

WHY

MUX

Sensing methodology bullSG Technology bullINKJET Printing bullSilver Ink

Implementation of sperimental Set-up

As can be seen from the layout shown in the figure it was tried to obtain a structure that oppose a minimum resistance to the weight application and it had a rigid base on which to fix the power sensor matrix

Implementation of sperimental Set-up

It was necessary to test the repeatability of measurements using the SET-UP shown above because the presence of friction could have affected in a non-negligible effect on the measurements

5 different weights were used and the weight of the structure to build the following graph through 20 different measurements and were calculated by the software Matlab the standard deviation and the mean for each so as to obtain the range of uncertainty of the measurements

1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 640

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80taratura (b=2sigmak=3sigma)

misure (16)

peso

[g]

weights applied[g]

wei

ghts

me

asu

red

[g]

44 50 56 62 68 72

This study shows that the measurement results are repeatable and the maximum standard deviation is 08g In the figure the yellow line corresponds to 1σ the blue line corresponds to 2σ while the black band corresponds to 3σ (σ is the standard deviation and assuming a Gaussian distribution which is equal to the standard deviation)

PRINTED TOUCHMASS SENSOR

LOW State

HIGH State

COMPARATOR

- Low Cost Touch Device

- Weareable Electronic

WHY - Inkjet Printing - Capacitive Interdigitated Printed Sensor - Dielectric Constant Variation - Two Different Conditioning Approach

- Bridge Circuit and Voltage Amplification

- Frequency Modulation Technique

Methodology

IDT Silver Ink

Rubber Dielectric Layer

PET Substrate Protective Layer

Plexiglass Support

PET

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

SENSOR

INA111

RC BRIDGE BUFFER INSTRUM AMPLIFIER

FILTER

RECTIFIER

SENSOR

AC

AMP - +

FILTER + RECTIFIER

CIRCUIT CONDITIONING

ADC DEVICE

GUI amp ACQUISITION WORKSPACE

OSCILLOSCOPE

Printed touch sensor

Working mode

d variation

Tested sensors

Davide Mandragrave

Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge

Advantages

High sensitivity

gt 200 mV

Drawbacks

Offset

waveforms out of

phase

Davide Mandragrave

WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR

But hellip what about x

THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED

∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF

WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g

Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

Printed Heater Device

THE HEATER

The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec

From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

τ = 65 sec

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

Printed Gas Sensors

PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)

bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm

PET Substrate thickness 200um

PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um

EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS

Measurement Set-up

Page 23: Technology….. ….Inkjet Printing - DIEES - Home Page ·  · 2016-12-21Printed Electronics: Inkjet Printed Sensors Overview of Graphic Art Printing systems Why inkjet printing?

Bottom electrode Oring Top Electrode

L

A

Y

O

U

T

Real device

Printed SensorsDIEEI Capacitive Pressure sensors

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8-01

0

01

02

03

Tempo (s)

Pre

ssio

ne

(P

a)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8-05

0

05

1

15

Tempo (s)

Vo

ut (V

)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

-10

0

10

Tempo (s)

Se

nsib

ilitagrave

(V

Pa

)

Time (s)

Time (s)

Pre

ssu

re (

Pa)

L= half-width from strain gauges to the point where it enters the mass b= basic support h= thick paper E= module of Young

2

6

Ebh

FLmgF

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

An experimental set-up was realized for the device characterization which exploits the following relationship between an applied load and the strain

l= 2 s=t= 004

l= 2 s=t= 004

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

Device

number

Width Tracks(m) Spacing (m) Device Leght(cm)

1 300 300 1

2 300 300 15

3 300 300 2

4 400 400 1

5 400 400 15

6 400 400 2

7 200 200 15

8 200 200 1

9 200 200 2

10 100 100 1

11 100 100 15

12 100 100 2

Device Leght(cm)

Tracks Width (m)

Spacing ( m)

DR R0 = G ( dl l ) = G

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

LAYOUT

Strain Gauges have been realized by inkjet printing techniques implemented through bulla nano-Silver ink bulla commercial printer and a silver ink

Metalonreg JS-B15P Water-based nano-Silver ink These components are electrically conductive inks designed to produce circuits on porous substrates such as paper and treated polymer films including NoveleTM IJ-220 coated PET JS-B15P ink is specially formulated for stability for piezo-ink jet printing methods

Printed SensorsDIEEI Technologies

An analysis of the Active areas by a optical microscope revealed a minimum spatial resolution of 200 μm (track width and spcing)

Below 200 μm

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

Over 200 μm

Electron microscopy (SEM) images of the silver layer deposited on the device The structure of the silver tracks is quite homogeneous at the inspected scales and an approximate thickness of 190 microm has been estimated

(b)

A dedicated socket was realized to provide electrical contacts

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

PEDOTPSS + GRAPHENE

ZnO

PEDOT PANI GRAPHENE ZnO

Cl2 X

CH4 X X

CO X X

CO2 X X

H2 X

H2S X

NO X

NO2 X X X

NH3 X X X

- Low Cost Tecnology - Commercial Printers - Good Resolution - Fast Prototyping - A lot of Printable Materials

SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy

Development of low cost devices integrated into non-linear bistable flexible system

bull Bistable flexible PET beam (switches harvesters hellip)

bull Study and exploit the device dynamics

bull Low cost solutions for strain measurements electrodes and other passive structureshelliphellip

helliphellipinkjet printing

Non linear beamDIEEI Sensor LAB

End Set-up

SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy

Linear resonant devices bull Perform well when excited at their mechanical resonance bull Large sizes and masses are required at low frequencies bull Poor efficiency far from resonant operations

Non linear devices bull Overcome linear resonant devices limits bull Allow for scavenging a significant amount of energy from signals in a wide range of low frequencies

Non linear beam DIEEI Sensor LAB

End Set-up

There are many tools that can measure the flow but all of this are Commercial Devices bull large (8-10 cm or more) bull heavy (hundreds of grams) bull expensive ( 30 euro ndash 200 euro )

Printed Solution Printed Flow Sensor is bullCheap (Normal Inkjet Printer) bullLight (few grams) bullSmall (3-4 cm)

Application

Very simple idea put the sensor inside a tube with a hydraulic flow To the passage of hydraulic flow the sensor will flex in proportion to the intensity of the flow itself by varying its electrical resistance

120549R = 0

120549R = X

Pump

Sensor SG

Hydraulic Circuit Realization

Sensors

Conditioning Acquisition Processing

Alimentation Pump

System Modeling

Pump OFF

Velocity 1

Velocity 2

Acquisition step

Mean of each step

Repeat this process for 10 acquisition

Ascending period Descending period

then average each column to obtain two Model

That I consider divide in two periods

And so onhellip

Quadratic interpolation

Ascending Model With quadratic interpolation

Descending Model With quadratic interpolation

MODEL

MODEL

Quadratic Calibration Diagram

Saturation

Static friction

Ascending Calibration diagram

Descending Calibration diagram

Why Probabily because at 4 velocity the SG sensor is maximum deform

Why Because at start SG sensor must overcome Static friction

Then reverse the interpolation equation and use the Accuracy Band to obtain

Linear Calibration Diagram with a reduced operating field

But if we working with a reduced operating range for example from velocity 1 at 4 we can use a linear interpolation to obtain linear model

SG MATRIX FOR ESTIMATION

OF DEFORMATIONS OF

KNEE PROSTHESIS INSERT

APPLICATION POINTS

1

2

3

4

5

1

2

3

4

5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

distribuzione interpolata 3D

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Stress Measurement of Prosthesys Insert Layer to Verify Reliability of materials and prosthesys health

Up to 16 Strain Gauge Sensors Miniaturization Strategy

WHY

MUX

Sensing methodology bullSG Technology bullINKJET Printing bullSilver Ink

Implementation of sperimental Set-up

As can be seen from the layout shown in the figure it was tried to obtain a structure that oppose a minimum resistance to the weight application and it had a rigid base on which to fix the power sensor matrix

Implementation of sperimental Set-up

It was necessary to test the repeatability of measurements using the SET-UP shown above because the presence of friction could have affected in a non-negligible effect on the measurements

5 different weights were used and the weight of the structure to build the following graph through 20 different measurements and were calculated by the software Matlab the standard deviation and the mean for each so as to obtain the range of uncertainty of the measurements

1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 640

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80taratura (b=2sigmak=3sigma)

misure (16)

peso

[g]

weights applied[g]

wei

ghts

me

asu

red

[g]

44 50 56 62 68 72

This study shows that the measurement results are repeatable and the maximum standard deviation is 08g In the figure the yellow line corresponds to 1σ the blue line corresponds to 2σ while the black band corresponds to 3σ (σ is the standard deviation and assuming a Gaussian distribution which is equal to the standard deviation)

PRINTED TOUCHMASS SENSOR

LOW State

HIGH State

COMPARATOR

- Low Cost Touch Device

- Weareable Electronic

WHY - Inkjet Printing - Capacitive Interdigitated Printed Sensor - Dielectric Constant Variation - Two Different Conditioning Approach

- Bridge Circuit and Voltage Amplification

- Frequency Modulation Technique

Methodology

IDT Silver Ink

Rubber Dielectric Layer

PET Substrate Protective Layer

Plexiglass Support

PET

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

SENSOR

INA111

RC BRIDGE BUFFER INSTRUM AMPLIFIER

FILTER

RECTIFIER

SENSOR

AC

AMP - +

FILTER + RECTIFIER

CIRCUIT CONDITIONING

ADC DEVICE

GUI amp ACQUISITION WORKSPACE

OSCILLOSCOPE

Printed touch sensor

Working mode

d variation

Tested sensors

Davide Mandragrave

Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge

Advantages

High sensitivity

gt 200 mV

Drawbacks

Offset

waveforms out of

phase

Davide Mandragrave

WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR

But hellip what about x

THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED

∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF

WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g

Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

Printed Heater Device

THE HEATER

The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec

From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

τ = 65 sec

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

Printed Gas Sensors

PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)

bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm

PET Substrate thickness 200um

PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um

EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS

Measurement Set-up

Page 24: Technology….. ….Inkjet Printing - DIEES - Home Page ·  · 2016-12-21Printed Electronics: Inkjet Printed Sensors Overview of Graphic Art Printing systems Why inkjet printing?

L= half-width from strain gauges to the point where it enters the mass b= basic support h= thick paper E= module of Young

2

6

Ebh

FLmgF

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

An experimental set-up was realized for the device characterization which exploits the following relationship between an applied load and the strain

l= 2 s=t= 004

l= 2 s=t= 004

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

Device

number

Width Tracks(m) Spacing (m) Device Leght(cm)

1 300 300 1

2 300 300 15

3 300 300 2

4 400 400 1

5 400 400 15

6 400 400 2

7 200 200 15

8 200 200 1

9 200 200 2

10 100 100 1

11 100 100 15

12 100 100 2

Device Leght(cm)

Tracks Width (m)

Spacing ( m)

DR R0 = G ( dl l ) = G

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

LAYOUT

Strain Gauges have been realized by inkjet printing techniques implemented through bulla nano-Silver ink bulla commercial printer and a silver ink

Metalonreg JS-B15P Water-based nano-Silver ink These components are electrically conductive inks designed to produce circuits on porous substrates such as paper and treated polymer films including NoveleTM IJ-220 coated PET JS-B15P ink is specially formulated for stability for piezo-ink jet printing methods

Printed SensorsDIEEI Technologies

An analysis of the Active areas by a optical microscope revealed a minimum spatial resolution of 200 μm (track width and spcing)

Below 200 μm

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

Over 200 μm

Electron microscopy (SEM) images of the silver layer deposited on the device The structure of the silver tracks is quite homogeneous at the inspected scales and an approximate thickness of 190 microm has been estimated

(b)

A dedicated socket was realized to provide electrical contacts

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

PEDOTPSS + GRAPHENE

ZnO

PEDOT PANI GRAPHENE ZnO

Cl2 X

CH4 X X

CO X X

CO2 X X

H2 X

H2S X

NO X

NO2 X X X

NH3 X X X

- Low Cost Tecnology - Commercial Printers - Good Resolution - Fast Prototyping - A lot of Printable Materials

SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy

Development of low cost devices integrated into non-linear bistable flexible system

bull Bistable flexible PET beam (switches harvesters hellip)

bull Study and exploit the device dynamics

bull Low cost solutions for strain measurements electrodes and other passive structureshelliphellip

helliphellipinkjet printing

Non linear beamDIEEI Sensor LAB

End Set-up

SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy

Linear resonant devices bull Perform well when excited at their mechanical resonance bull Large sizes and masses are required at low frequencies bull Poor efficiency far from resonant operations

Non linear devices bull Overcome linear resonant devices limits bull Allow for scavenging a significant amount of energy from signals in a wide range of low frequencies

Non linear beam DIEEI Sensor LAB

End Set-up

There are many tools that can measure the flow but all of this are Commercial Devices bull large (8-10 cm or more) bull heavy (hundreds of grams) bull expensive ( 30 euro ndash 200 euro )

Printed Solution Printed Flow Sensor is bullCheap (Normal Inkjet Printer) bullLight (few grams) bullSmall (3-4 cm)

Application

Very simple idea put the sensor inside a tube with a hydraulic flow To the passage of hydraulic flow the sensor will flex in proportion to the intensity of the flow itself by varying its electrical resistance

120549R = 0

120549R = X

Pump

Sensor SG

Hydraulic Circuit Realization

Sensors

Conditioning Acquisition Processing

Alimentation Pump

System Modeling

Pump OFF

Velocity 1

Velocity 2

Acquisition step

Mean of each step

Repeat this process for 10 acquisition

Ascending period Descending period

then average each column to obtain two Model

That I consider divide in two periods

And so onhellip

Quadratic interpolation

Ascending Model With quadratic interpolation

Descending Model With quadratic interpolation

MODEL

MODEL

Quadratic Calibration Diagram

Saturation

Static friction

Ascending Calibration diagram

Descending Calibration diagram

Why Probabily because at 4 velocity the SG sensor is maximum deform

Why Because at start SG sensor must overcome Static friction

Then reverse the interpolation equation and use the Accuracy Band to obtain

Linear Calibration Diagram with a reduced operating field

But if we working with a reduced operating range for example from velocity 1 at 4 we can use a linear interpolation to obtain linear model

SG MATRIX FOR ESTIMATION

OF DEFORMATIONS OF

KNEE PROSTHESIS INSERT

APPLICATION POINTS

1

2

3

4

5

1

2

3

4

5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

distribuzione interpolata 3D

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Stress Measurement of Prosthesys Insert Layer to Verify Reliability of materials and prosthesys health

Up to 16 Strain Gauge Sensors Miniaturization Strategy

WHY

MUX

Sensing methodology bullSG Technology bullINKJET Printing bullSilver Ink

Implementation of sperimental Set-up

As can be seen from the layout shown in the figure it was tried to obtain a structure that oppose a minimum resistance to the weight application and it had a rigid base on which to fix the power sensor matrix

Implementation of sperimental Set-up

It was necessary to test the repeatability of measurements using the SET-UP shown above because the presence of friction could have affected in a non-negligible effect on the measurements

5 different weights were used and the weight of the structure to build the following graph through 20 different measurements and were calculated by the software Matlab the standard deviation and the mean for each so as to obtain the range of uncertainty of the measurements

1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 640

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80taratura (b=2sigmak=3sigma)

misure (16)

peso

[g]

weights applied[g]

wei

ghts

me

asu

red

[g]

44 50 56 62 68 72

This study shows that the measurement results are repeatable and the maximum standard deviation is 08g In the figure the yellow line corresponds to 1σ the blue line corresponds to 2σ while the black band corresponds to 3σ (σ is the standard deviation and assuming a Gaussian distribution which is equal to the standard deviation)

PRINTED TOUCHMASS SENSOR

LOW State

HIGH State

COMPARATOR

- Low Cost Touch Device

- Weareable Electronic

WHY - Inkjet Printing - Capacitive Interdigitated Printed Sensor - Dielectric Constant Variation - Two Different Conditioning Approach

- Bridge Circuit and Voltage Amplification

- Frequency Modulation Technique

Methodology

IDT Silver Ink

Rubber Dielectric Layer

PET Substrate Protective Layer

Plexiglass Support

PET

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

SENSOR

INA111

RC BRIDGE BUFFER INSTRUM AMPLIFIER

FILTER

RECTIFIER

SENSOR

AC

AMP - +

FILTER + RECTIFIER

CIRCUIT CONDITIONING

ADC DEVICE

GUI amp ACQUISITION WORKSPACE

OSCILLOSCOPE

Printed touch sensor

Working mode

d variation

Tested sensors

Davide Mandragrave

Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge

Advantages

High sensitivity

gt 200 mV

Drawbacks

Offset

waveforms out of

phase

Davide Mandragrave

WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR

But hellip what about x

THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED

∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF

WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g

Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

Printed Heater Device

THE HEATER

The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec

From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

τ = 65 sec

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

Printed Gas Sensors

PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)

bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm

PET Substrate thickness 200um

PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um

EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS

Measurement Set-up

Page 25: Technology….. ….Inkjet Printing - DIEES - Home Page ·  · 2016-12-21Printed Electronics: Inkjet Printed Sensors Overview of Graphic Art Printing systems Why inkjet printing?

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

Device

number

Width Tracks(m) Spacing (m) Device Leght(cm)

1 300 300 1

2 300 300 15

3 300 300 2

4 400 400 1

5 400 400 15

6 400 400 2

7 200 200 15

8 200 200 1

9 200 200 2

10 100 100 1

11 100 100 15

12 100 100 2

Device Leght(cm)

Tracks Width (m)

Spacing ( m)

DR R0 = G ( dl l ) = G

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

LAYOUT

Strain Gauges have been realized by inkjet printing techniques implemented through bulla nano-Silver ink bulla commercial printer and a silver ink

Metalonreg JS-B15P Water-based nano-Silver ink These components are electrically conductive inks designed to produce circuits on porous substrates such as paper and treated polymer films including NoveleTM IJ-220 coated PET JS-B15P ink is specially formulated for stability for piezo-ink jet printing methods

Printed SensorsDIEEI Technologies

An analysis of the Active areas by a optical microscope revealed a minimum spatial resolution of 200 μm (track width and spcing)

Below 200 μm

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

Over 200 μm

Electron microscopy (SEM) images of the silver layer deposited on the device The structure of the silver tracks is quite homogeneous at the inspected scales and an approximate thickness of 190 microm has been estimated

(b)

A dedicated socket was realized to provide electrical contacts

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

PEDOTPSS + GRAPHENE

ZnO

PEDOT PANI GRAPHENE ZnO

Cl2 X

CH4 X X

CO X X

CO2 X X

H2 X

H2S X

NO X

NO2 X X X

NH3 X X X

- Low Cost Tecnology - Commercial Printers - Good Resolution - Fast Prototyping - A lot of Printable Materials

SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy

Development of low cost devices integrated into non-linear bistable flexible system

bull Bistable flexible PET beam (switches harvesters hellip)

bull Study and exploit the device dynamics

bull Low cost solutions for strain measurements electrodes and other passive structureshelliphellip

helliphellipinkjet printing

Non linear beamDIEEI Sensor LAB

End Set-up

SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy

Linear resonant devices bull Perform well when excited at their mechanical resonance bull Large sizes and masses are required at low frequencies bull Poor efficiency far from resonant operations

Non linear devices bull Overcome linear resonant devices limits bull Allow for scavenging a significant amount of energy from signals in a wide range of low frequencies

Non linear beam DIEEI Sensor LAB

End Set-up

There are many tools that can measure the flow but all of this are Commercial Devices bull large (8-10 cm or more) bull heavy (hundreds of grams) bull expensive ( 30 euro ndash 200 euro )

Printed Solution Printed Flow Sensor is bullCheap (Normal Inkjet Printer) bullLight (few grams) bullSmall (3-4 cm)

Application

Very simple idea put the sensor inside a tube with a hydraulic flow To the passage of hydraulic flow the sensor will flex in proportion to the intensity of the flow itself by varying its electrical resistance

120549R = 0

120549R = X

Pump

Sensor SG

Hydraulic Circuit Realization

Sensors

Conditioning Acquisition Processing

Alimentation Pump

System Modeling

Pump OFF

Velocity 1

Velocity 2

Acquisition step

Mean of each step

Repeat this process for 10 acquisition

Ascending period Descending period

then average each column to obtain two Model

That I consider divide in two periods

And so onhellip

Quadratic interpolation

Ascending Model With quadratic interpolation

Descending Model With quadratic interpolation

MODEL

MODEL

Quadratic Calibration Diagram

Saturation

Static friction

Ascending Calibration diagram

Descending Calibration diagram

Why Probabily because at 4 velocity the SG sensor is maximum deform

Why Because at start SG sensor must overcome Static friction

Then reverse the interpolation equation and use the Accuracy Band to obtain

Linear Calibration Diagram with a reduced operating field

But if we working with a reduced operating range for example from velocity 1 at 4 we can use a linear interpolation to obtain linear model

SG MATRIX FOR ESTIMATION

OF DEFORMATIONS OF

KNEE PROSTHESIS INSERT

APPLICATION POINTS

1

2

3

4

5

1

2

3

4

5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

distribuzione interpolata 3D

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Stress Measurement of Prosthesys Insert Layer to Verify Reliability of materials and prosthesys health

Up to 16 Strain Gauge Sensors Miniaturization Strategy

WHY

MUX

Sensing methodology bullSG Technology bullINKJET Printing bullSilver Ink

Implementation of sperimental Set-up

As can be seen from the layout shown in the figure it was tried to obtain a structure that oppose a minimum resistance to the weight application and it had a rigid base on which to fix the power sensor matrix

Implementation of sperimental Set-up

It was necessary to test the repeatability of measurements using the SET-UP shown above because the presence of friction could have affected in a non-negligible effect on the measurements

5 different weights were used and the weight of the structure to build the following graph through 20 different measurements and were calculated by the software Matlab the standard deviation and the mean for each so as to obtain the range of uncertainty of the measurements

1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 640

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80taratura (b=2sigmak=3sigma)

misure (16)

peso

[g]

weights applied[g]

wei

ghts

me

asu

red

[g]

44 50 56 62 68 72

This study shows that the measurement results are repeatable and the maximum standard deviation is 08g In the figure the yellow line corresponds to 1σ the blue line corresponds to 2σ while the black band corresponds to 3σ (σ is the standard deviation and assuming a Gaussian distribution which is equal to the standard deviation)

PRINTED TOUCHMASS SENSOR

LOW State

HIGH State

COMPARATOR

- Low Cost Touch Device

- Weareable Electronic

WHY - Inkjet Printing - Capacitive Interdigitated Printed Sensor - Dielectric Constant Variation - Two Different Conditioning Approach

- Bridge Circuit and Voltage Amplification

- Frequency Modulation Technique

Methodology

IDT Silver Ink

Rubber Dielectric Layer

PET Substrate Protective Layer

Plexiglass Support

PET

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

SENSOR

INA111

RC BRIDGE BUFFER INSTRUM AMPLIFIER

FILTER

RECTIFIER

SENSOR

AC

AMP - +

FILTER + RECTIFIER

CIRCUIT CONDITIONING

ADC DEVICE

GUI amp ACQUISITION WORKSPACE

OSCILLOSCOPE

Printed touch sensor

Working mode

d variation

Tested sensors

Davide Mandragrave

Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge

Advantages

High sensitivity

gt 200 mV

Drawbacks

Offset

waveforms out of

phase

Davide Mandragrave

WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR

But hellip what about x

THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED

∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF

WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g

Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

Printed Heater Device

THE HEATER

The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec

From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

τ = 65 sec

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

Printed Gas Sensors

PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)

bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm

PET Substrate thickness 200um

PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um

EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS

Measurement Set-up

Page 26: Technology….. ….Inkjet Printing - DIEES - Home Page ·  · 2016-12-21Printed Electronics: Inkjet Printed Sensors Overview of Graphic Art Printing systems Why inkjet printing?

Device

number

Width Tracks(m) Spacing (m) Device Leght(cm)

1 300 300 1

2 300 300 15

3 300 300 2

4 400 400 1

5 400 400 15

6 400 400 2

7 200 200 15

8 200 200 1

9 200 200 2

10 100 100 1

11 100 100 15

12 100 100 2

Device Leght(cm)

Tracks Width (m)

Spacing ( m)

DR R0 = G ( dl l ) = G

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

LAYOUT

Strain Gauges have been realized by inkjet printing techniques implemented through bulla nano-Silver ink bulla commercial printer and a silver ink

Metalonreg JS-B15P Water-based nano-Silver ink These components are electrically conductive inks designed to produce circuits on porous substrates such as paper and treated polymer films including NoveleTM IJ-220 coated PET JS-B15P ink is specially formulated for stability for piezo-ink jet printing methods

Printed SensorsDIEEI Technologies

An analysis of the Active areas by a optical microscope revealed a minimum spatial resolution of 200 μm (track width and spcing)

Below 200 μm

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

Over 200 μm

Electron microscopy (SEM) images of the silver layer deposited on the device The structure of the silver tracks is quite homogeneous at the inspected scales and an approximate thickness of 190 microm has been estimated

(b)

A dedicated socket was realized to provide electrical contacts

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

PEDOTPSS + GRAPHENE

ZnO

PEDOT PANI GRAPHENE ZnO

Cl2 X

CH4 X X

CO X X

CO2 X X

H2 X

H2S X

NO X

NO2 X X X

NH3 X X X

- Low Cost Tecnology - Commercial Printers - Good Resolution - Fast Prototyping - A lot of Printable Materials

SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy

Development of low cost devices integrated into non-linear bistable flexible system

bull Bistable flexible PET beam (switches harvesters hellip)

bull Study and exploit the device dynamics

bull Low cost solutions for strain measurements electrodes and other passive structureshelliphellip

helliphellipinkjet printing

Non linear beamDIEEI Sensor LAB

End Set-up

SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy

Linear resonant devices bull Perform well when excited at their mechanical resonance bull Large sizes and masses are required at low frequencies bull Poor efficiency far from resonant operations

Non linear devices bull Overcome linear resonant devices limits bull Allow for scavenging a significant amount of energy from signals in a wide range of low frequencies

Non linear beam DIEEI Sensor LAB

End Set-up

There are many tools that can measure the flow but all of this are Commercial Devices bull large (8-10 cm or more) bull heavy (hundreds of grams) bull expensive ( 30 euro ndash 200 euro )

Printed Solution Printed Flow Sensor is bullCheap (Normal Inkjet Printer) bullLight (few grams) bullSmall (3-4 cm)

Application

Very simple idea put the sensor inside a tube with a hydraulic flow To the passage of hydraulic flow the sensor will flex in proportion to the intensity of the flow itself by varying its electrical resistance

120549R = 0

120549R = X

Pump

Sensor SG

Hydraulic Circuit Realization

Sensors

Conditioning Acquisition Processing

Alimentation Pump

System Modeling

Pump OFF

Velocity 1

Velocity 2

Acquisition step

Mean of each step

Repeat this process for 10 acquisition

Ascending period Descending period

then average each column to obtain two Model

That I consider divide in two periods

And so onhellip

Quadratic interpolation

Ascending Model With quadratic interpolation

Descending Model With quadratic interpolation

MODEL

MODEL

Quadratic Calibration Diagram

Saturation

Static friction

Ascending Calibration diagram

Descending Calibration diagram

Why Probabily because at 4 velocity the SG sensor is maximum deform

Why Because at start SG sensor must overcome Static friction

Then reverse the interpolation equation and use the Accuracy Band to obtain

Linear Calibration Diagram with a reduced operating field

But if we working with a reduced operating range for example from velocity 1 at 4 we can use a linear interpolation to obtain linear model

SG MATRIX FOR ESTIMATION

OF DEFORMATIONS OF

KNEE PROSTHESIS INSERT

APPLICATION POINTS

1

2

3

4

5

1

2

3

4

5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

distribuzione interpolata 3D

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Stress Measurement of Prosthesys Insert Layer to Verify Reliability of materials and prosthesys health

Up to 16 Strain Gauge Sensors Miniaturization Strategy

WHY

MUX

Sensing methodology bullSG Technology bullINKJET Printing bullSilver Ink

Implementation of sperimental Set-up

As can be seen from the layout shown in the figure it was tried to obtain a structure that oppose a minimum resistance to the weight application and it had a rigid base on which to fix the power sensor matrix

Implementation of sperimental Set-up

It was necessary to test the repeatability of measurements using the SET-UP shown above because the presence of friction could have affected in a non-negligible effect on the measurements

5 different weights were used and the weight of the structure to build the following graph through 20 different measurements and were calculated by the software Matlab the standard deviation and the mean for each so as to obtain the range of uncertainty of the measurements

1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 640

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80taratura (b=2sigmak=3sigma)

misure (16)

peso

[g]

weights applied[g]

wei

ghts

me

asu

red

[g]

44 50 56 62 68 72

This study shows that the measurement results are repeatable and the maximum standard deviation is 08g In the figure the yellow line corresponds to 1σ the blue line corresponds to 2σ while the black band corresponds to 3σ (σ is the standard deviation and assuming a Gaussian distribution which is equal to the standard deviation)

PRINTED TOUCHMASS SENSOR

LOW State

HIGH State

COMPARATOR

- Low Cost Touch Device

- Weareable Electronic

WHY - Inkjet Printing - Capacitive Interdigitated Printed Sensor - Dielectric Constant Variation - Two Different Conditioning Approach

- Bridge Circuit and Voltage Amplification

- Frequency Modulation Technique

Methodology

IDT Silver Ink

Rubber Dielectric Layer

PET Substrate Protective Layer

Plexiglass Support

PET

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

SENSOR

INA111

RC BRIDGE BUFFER INSTRUM AMPLIFIER

FILTER

RECTIFIER

SENSOR

AC

AMP - +

FILTER + RECTIFIER

CIRCUIT CONDITIONING

ADC DEVICE

GUI amp ACQUISITION WORKSPACE

OSCILLOSCOPE

Printed touch sensor

Working mode

d variation

Tested sensors

Davide Mandragrave

Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge

Advantages

High sensitivity

gt 200 mV

Drawbacks

Offset

waveforms out of

phase

Davide Mandragrave

WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR

But hellip what about x

THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED

∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF

WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g

Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

Printed Heater Device

THE HEATER

The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec

From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

τ = 65 sec

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

Printed Gas Sensors

PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)

bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm

PET Substrate thickness 200um

PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um

EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS

Measurement Set-up

Page 27: Technology….. ….Inkjet Printing - DIEES - Home Page ·  · 2016-12-21Printed Electronics: Inkjet Printed Sensors Overview of Graphic Art Printing systems Why inkjet printing?

Strain Gauges have been realized by inkjet printing techniques implemented through bulla nano-Silver ink bulla commercial printer and a silver ink

Metalonreg JS-B15P Water-based nano-Silver ink These components are electrically conductive inks designed to produce circuits on porous substrates such as paper and treated polymer films including NoveleTM IJ-220 coated PET JS-B15P ink is specially formulated for stability for piezo-ink jet printing methods

Printed SensorsDIEEI Technologies

An analysis of the Active areas by a optical microscope revealed a minimum spatial resolution of 200 μm (track width and spcing)

Below 200 μm

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

Over 200 μm

Electron microscopy (SEM) images of the silver layer deposited on the device The structure of the silver tracks is quite homogeneous at the inspected scales and an approximate thickness of 190 microm has been estimated

(b)

A dedicated socket was realized to provide electrical contacts

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

PEDOTPSS + GRAPHENE

ZnO

PEDOT PANI GRAPHENE ZnO

Cl2 X

CH4 X X

CO X X

CO2 X X

H2 X

H2S X

NO X

NO2 X X X

NH3 X X X

- Low Cost Tecnology - Commercial Printers - Good Resolution - Fast Prototyping - A lot of Printable Materials

SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy

Development of low cost devices integrated into non-linear bistable flexible system

bull Bistable flexible PET beam (switches harvesters hellip)

bull Study and exploit the device dynamics

bull Low cost solutions for strain measurements electrodes and other passive structureshelliphellip

helliphellipinkjet printing

Non linear beamDIEEI Sensor LAB

End Set-up

SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy

Linear resonant devices bull Perform well when excited at their mechanical resonance bull Large sizes and masses are required at low frequencies bull Poor efficiency far from resonant operations

Non linear devices bull Overcome linear resonant devices limits bull Allow for scavenging a significant amount of energy from signals in a wide range of low frequencies

Non linear beam DIEEI Sensor LAB

End Set-up

There are many tools that can measure the flow but all of this are Commercial Devices bull large (8-10 cm or more) bull heavy (hundreds of grams) bull expensive ( 30 euro ndash 200 euro )

Printed Solution Printed Flow Sensor is bullCheap (Normal Inkjet Printer) bullLight (few grams) bullSmall (3-4 cm)

Application

Very simple idea put the sensor inside a tube with a hydraulic flow To the passage of hydraulic flow the sensor will flex in proportion to the intensity of the flow itself by varying its electrical resistance

120549R = 0

120549R = X

Pump

Sensor SG

Hydraulic Circuit Realization

Sensors

Conditioning Acquisition Processing

Alimentation Pump

System Modeling

Pump OFF

Velocity 1

Velocity 2

Acquisition step

Mean of each step

Repeat this process for 10 acquisition

Ascending period Descending period

then average each column to obtain two Model

That I consider divide in two periods

And so onhellip

Quadratic interpolation

Ascending Model With quadratic interpolation

Descending Model With quadratic interpolation

MODEL

MODEL

Quadratic Calibration Diagram

Saturation

Static friction

Ascending Calibration diagram

Descending Calibration diagram

Why Probabily because at 4 velocity the SG sensor is maximum deform

Why Because at start SG sensor must overcome Static friction

Then reverse the interpolation equation and use the Accuracy Band to obtain

Linear Calibration Diagram with a reduced operating field

But if we working with a reduced operating range for example from velocity 1 at 4 we can use a linear interpolation to obtain linear model

SG MATRIX FOR ESTIMATION

OF DEFORMATIONS OF

KNEE PROSTHESIS INSERT

APPLICATION POINTS

1

2

3

4

5

1

2

3

4

5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

distribuzione interpolata 3D

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Stress Measurement of Prosthesys Insert Layer to Verify Reliability of materials and prosthesys health

Up to 16 Strain Gauge Sensors Miniaturization Strategy

WHY

MUX

Sensing methodology bullSG Technology bullINKJET Printing bullSilver Ink

Implementation of sperimental Set-up

As can be seen from the layout shown in the figure it was tried to obtain a structure that oppose a minimum resistance to the weight application and it had a rigid base on which to fix the power sensor matrix

Implementation of sperimental Set-up

It was necessary to test the repeatability of measurements using the SET-UP shown above because the presence of friction could have affected in a non-negligible effect on the measurements

5 different weights were used and the weight of the structure to build the following graph through 20 different measurements and were calculated by the software Matlab the standard deviation and the mean for each so as to obtain the range of uncertainty of the measurements

1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 640

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80taratura (b=2sigmak=3sigma)

misure (16)

peso

[g]

weights applied[g]

wei

ghts

me

asu

red

[g]

44 50 56 62 68 72

This study shows that the measurement results are repeatable and the maximum standard deviation is 08g In the figure the yellow line corresponds to 1σ the blue line corresponds to 2σ while the black band corresponds to 3σ (σ is the standard deviation and assuming a Gaussian distribution which is equal to the standard deviation)

PRINTED TOUCHMASS SENSOR

LOW State

HIGH State

COMPARATOR

- Low Cost Touch Device

- Weareable Electronic

WHY - Inkjet Printing - Capacitive Interdigitated Printed Sensor - Dielectric Constant Variation - Two Different Conditioning Approach

- Bridge Circuit and Voltage Amplification

- Frequency Modulation Technique

Methodology

IDT Silver Ink

Rubber Dielectric Layer

PET Substrate Protective Layer

Plexiglass Support

PET

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

SENSOR

INA111

RC BRIDGE BUFFER INSTRUM AMPLIFIER

FILTER

RECTIFIER

SENSOR

AC

AMP - +

FILTER + RECTIFIER

CIRCUIT CONDITIONING

ADC DEVICE

GUI amp ACQUISITION WORKSPACE

OSCILLOSCOPE

Printed touch sensor

Working mode

d variation

Tested sensors

Davide Mandragrave

Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge

Advantages

High sensitivity

gt 200 mV

Drawbacks

Offset

waveforms out of

phase

Davide Mandragrave

WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR

But hellip what about x

THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED

∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF

WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g

Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

Printed Heater Device

THE HEATER

The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec

From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

τ = 65 sec

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

Printed Gas Sensors

PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)

bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm

PET Substrate thickness 200um

PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um

EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS

Measurement Set-up

Page 28: Technology….. ….Inkjet Printing - DIEES - Home Page ·  · 2016-12-21Printed Electronics: Inkjet Printed Sensors Overview of Graphic Art Printing systems Why inkjet printing?

An analysis of the Active areas by a optical microscope revealed a minimum spatial resolution of 200 μm (track width and spcing)

Below 200 μm

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

Over 200 μm

Electron microscopy (SEM) images of the silver layer deposited on the device The structure of the silver tracks is quite homogeneous at the inspected scales and an approximate thickness of 190 microm has been estimated

(b)

A dedicated socket was realized to provide electrical contacts

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

PEDOTPSS + GRAPHENE

ZnO

PEDOT PANI GRAPHENE ZnO

Cl2 X

CH4 X X

CO X X

CO2 X X

H2 X

H2S X

NO X

NO2 X X X

NH3 X X X

- Low Cost Tecnology - Commercial Printers - Good Resolution - Fast Prototyping - A lot of Printable Materials

SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy

Development of low cost devices integrated into non-linear bistable flexible system

bull Bistable flexible PET beam (switches harvesters hellip)

bull Study and exploit the device dynamics

bull Low cost solutions for strain measurements electrodes and other passive structureshelliphellip

helliphellipinkjet printing

Non linear beamDIEEI Sensor LAB

End Set-up

SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy

Linear resonant devices bull Perform well when excited at their mechanical resonance bull Large sizes and masses are required at low frequencies bull Poor efficiency far from resonant operations

Non linear devices bull Overcome linear resonant devices limits bull Allow for scavenging a significant amount of energy from signals in a wide range of low frequencies

Non linear beam DIEEI Sensor LAB

End Set-up

There are many tools that can measure the flow but all of this are Commercial Devices bull large (8-10 cm or more) bull heavy (hundreds of grams) bull expensive ( 30 euro ndash 200 euro )

Printed Solution Printed Flow Sensor is bullCheap (Normal Inkjet Printer) bullLight (few grams) bullSmall (3-4 cm)

Application

Very simple idea put the sensor inside a tube with a hydraulic flow To the passage of hydraulic flow the sensor will flex in proportion to the intensity of the flow itself by varying its electrical resistance

120549R = 0

120549R = X

Pump

Sensor SG

Hydraulic Circuit Realization

Sensors

Conditioning Acquisition Processing

Alimentation Pump

System Modeling

Pump OFF

Velocity 1

Velocity 2

Acquisition step

Mean of each step

Repeat this process for 10 acquisition

Ascending period Descending period

then average each column to obtain two Model

That I consider divide in two periods

And so onhellip

Quadratic interpolation

Ascending Model With quadratic interpolation

Descending Model With quadratic interpolation

MODEL

MODEL

Quadratic Calibration Diagram

Saturation

Static friction

Ascending Calibration diagram

Descending Calibration diagram

Why Probabily because at 4 velocity the SG sensor is maximum deform

Why Because at start SG sensor must overcome Static friction

Then reverse the interpolation equation and use the Accuracy Band to obtain

Linear Calibration Diagram with a reduced operating field

But if we working with a reduced operating range for example from velocity 1 at 4 we can use a linear interpolation to obtain linear model

SG MATRIX FOR ESTIMATION

OF DEFORMATIONS OF

KNEE PROSTHESIS INSERT

APPLICATION POINTS

1

2

3

4

5

1

2

3

4

5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

distribuzione interpolata 3D

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Stress Measurement of Prosthesys Insert Layer to Verify Reliability of materials and prosthesys health

Up to 16 Strain Gauge Sensors Miniaturization Strategy

WHY

MUX

Sensing methodology bullSG Technology bullINKJET Printing bullSilver Ink

Implementation of sperimental Set-up

As can be seen from the layout shown in the figure it was tried to obtain a structure that oppose a minimum resistance to the weight application and it had a rigid base on which to fix the power sensor matrix

Implementation of sperimental Set-up

It was necessary to test the repeatability of measurements using the SET-UP shown above because the presence of friction could have affected in a non-negligible effect on the measurements

5 different weights were used and the weight of the structure to build the following graph through 20 different measurements and were calculated by the software Matlab the standard deviation and the mean for each so as to obtain the range of uncertainty of the measurements

1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 640

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80taratura (b=2sigmak=3sigma)

misure (16)

peso

[g]

weights applied[g]

wei

ghts

me

asu

red

[g]

44 50 56 62 68 72

This study shows that the measurement results are repeatable and the maximum standard deviation is 08g In the figure the yellow line corresponds to 1σ the blue line corresponds to 2σ while the black band corresponds to 3σ (σ is the standard deviation and assuming a Gaussian distribution which is equal to the standard deviation)

PRINTED TOUCHMASS SENSOR

LOW State

HIGH State

COMPARATOR

- Low Cost Touch Device

- Weareable Electronic

WHY - Inkjet Printing - Capacitive Interdigitated Printed Sensor - Dielectric Constant Variation - Two Different Conditioning Approach

- Bridge Circuit and Voltage Amplification

- Frequency Modulation Technique

Methodology

IDT Silver Ink

Rubber Dielectric Layer

PET Substrate Protective Layer

Plexiglass Support

PET

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

SENSOR

INA111

RC BRIDGE BUFFER INSTRUM AMPLIFIER

FILTER

RECTIFIER

SENSOR

AC

AMP - +

FILTER + RECTIFIER

CIRCUIT CONDITIONING

ADC DEVICE

GUI amp ACQUISITION WORKSPACE

OSCILLOSCOPE

Printed touch sensor

Working mode

d variation

Tested sensors

Davide Mandragrave

Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge

Advantages

High sensitivity

gt 200 mV

Drawbacks

Offset

waveforms out of

phase

Davide Mandragrave

WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR

But hellip what about x

THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED

∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF

WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g

Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

Printed Heater Device

THE HEATER

The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec

From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

τ = 65 sec

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

Printed Gas Sensors

PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)

bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm

PET Substrate thickness 200um

PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um

EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS

Measurement Set-up

Page 29: Technology….. ….Inkjet Printing - DIEES - Home Page ·  · 2016-12-21Printed Electronics: Inkjet Printed Sensors Overview of Graphic Art Printing systems Why inkjet printing?

A dedicated socket was realized to provide electrical contacts

Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges

PEDOTPSS + GRAPHENE

ZnO

PEDOT PANI GRAPHENE ZnO

Cl2 X

CH4 X X

CO X X

CO2 X X

H2 X

H2S X

NO X

NO2 X X X

NH3 X X X

- Low Cost Tecnology - Commercial Printers - Good Resolution - Fast Prototyping - A lot of Printable Materials

SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy

Development of low cost devices integrated into non-linear bistable flexible system

bull Bistable flexible PET beam (switches harvesters hellip)

bull Study and exploit the device dynamics

bull Low cost solutions for strain measurements electrodes and other passive structureshelliphellip

helliphellipinkjet printing

Non linear beamDIEEI Sensor LAB

End Set-up

SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy

Linear resonant devices bull Perform well when excited at their mechanical resonance bull Large sizes and masses are required at low frequencies bull Poor efficiency far from resonant operations

Non linear devices bull Overcome linear resonant devices limits bull Allow for scavenging a significant amount of energy from signals in a wide range of low frequencies

Non linear beam DIEEI Sensor LAB

End Set-up

There are many tools that can measure the flow but all of this are Commercial Devices bull large (8-10 cm or more) bull heavy (hundreds of grams) bull expensive ( 30 euro ndash 200 euro )

Printed Solution Printed Flow Sensor is bullCheap (Normal Inkjet Printer) bullLight (few grams) bullSmall (3-4 cm)

Application

Very simple idea put the sensor inside a tube with a hydraulic flow To the passage of hydraulic flow the sensor will flex in proportion to the intensity of the flow itself by varying its electrical resistance

120549R = 0

120549R = X

Pump

Sensor SG

Hydraulic Circuit Realization

Sensors

Conditioning Acquisition Processing

Alimentation Pump

System Modeling

Pump OFF

Velocity 1

Velocity 2

Acquisition step

Mean of each step

Repeat this process for 10 acquisition

Ascending period Descending period

then average each column to obtain two Model

That I consider divide in two periods

And so onhellip

Quadratic interpolation

Ascending Model With quadratic interpolation

Descending Model With quadratic interpolation

MODEL

MODEL

Quadratic Calibration Diagram

Saturation

Static friction

Ascending Calibration diagram

Descending Calibration diagram

Why Probabily because at 4 velocity the SG sensor is maximum deform

Why Because at start SG sensor must overcome Static friction

Then reverse the interpolation equation and use the Accuracy Band to obtain

Linear Calibration Diagram with a reduced operating field

But if we working with a reduced operating range for example from velocity 1 at 4 we can use a linear interpolation to obtain linear model

SG MATRIX FOR ESTIMATION

OF DEFORMATIONS OF

KNEE PROSTHESIS INSERT

APPLICATION POINTS

1

2

3

4

5

1

2

3

4

5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

distribuzione interpolata 3D

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Stress Measurement of Prosthesys Insert Layer to Verify Reliability of materials and prosthesys health

Up to 16 Strain Gauge Sensors Miniaturization Strategy

WHY

MUX

Sensing methodology bullSG Technology bullINKJET Printing bullSilver Ink

Implementation of sperimental Set-up

As can be seen from the layout shown in the figure it was tried to obtain a structure that oppose a minimum resistance to the weight application and it had a rigid base on which to fix the power sensor matrix

Implementation of sperimental Set-up

It was necessary to test the repeatability of measurements using the SET-UP shown above because the presence of friction could have affected in a non-negligible effect on the measurements

5 different weights were used and the weight of the structure to build the following graph through 20 different measurements and were calculated by the software Matlab the standard deviation and the mean for each so as to obtain the range of uncertainty of the measurements

1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 640

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80taratura (b=2sigmak=3sigma)

misure (16)

peso

[g]

weights applied[g]

wei

ghts

me

asu

red

[g]

44 50 56 62 68 72

This study shows that the measurement results are repeatable and the maximum standard deviation is 08g In the figure the yellow line corresponds to 1σ the blue line corresponds to 2σ while the black band corresponds to 3σ (σ is the standard deviation and assuming a Gaussian distribution which is equal to the standard deviation)

PRINTED TOUCHMASS SENSOR

LOW State

HIGH State

COMPARATOR

- Low Cost Touch Device

- Weareable Electronic

WHY - Inkjet Printing - Capacitive Interdigitated Printed Sensor - Dielectric Constant Variation - Two Different Conditioning Approach

- Bridge Circuit and Voltage Amplification

- Frequency Modulation Technique

Methodology

IDT Silver Ink

Rubber Dielectric Layer

PET Substrate Protective Layer

Plexiglass Support

PET

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

SENSOR

INA111

RC BRIDGE BUFFER INSTRUM AMPLIFIER

FILTER

RECTIFIER

SENSOR

AC

AMP - +

FILTER + RECTIFIER

CIRCUIT CONDITIONING

ADC DEVICE

GUI amp ACQUISITION WORKSPACE

OSCILLOSCOPE

Printed touch sensor

Working mode

d variation

Tested sensors

Davide Mandragrave

Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge

Advantages

High sensitivity

gt 200 mV

Drawbacks

Offset

waveforms out of

phase

Davide Mandragrave

WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR

But hellip what about x

THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED

∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF

WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g

Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

Printed Heater Device

THE HEATER

The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec

From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

τ = 65 sec

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

Printed Gas Sensors

PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)

bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm

PET Substrate thickness 200um

PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um

EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS

Measurement Set-up

Page 30: Technology….. ….Inkjet Printing - DIEES - Home Page ·  · 2016-12-21Printed Electronics: Inkjet Printed Sensors Overview of Graphic Art Printing systems Why inkjet printing?

PEDOTPSS + GRAPHENE

ZnO

PEDOT PANI GRAPHENE ZnO

Cl2 X

CH4 X X

CO X X

CO2 X X

H2 X

H2S X

NO X

NO2 X X X

NH3 X X X

- Low Cost Tecnology - Commercial Printers - Good Resolution - Fast Prototyping - A lot of Printable Materials

SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy

Development of low cost devices integrated into non-linear bistable flexible system

bull Bistable flexible PET beam (switches harvesters hellip)

bull Study and exploit the device dynamics

bull Low cost solutions for strain measurements electrodes and other passive structureshelliphellip

helliphellipinkjet printing

Non linear beamDIEEI Sensor LAB

End Set-up

SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy

Linear resonant devices bull Perform well when excited at their mechanical resonance bull Large sizes and masses are required at low frequencies bull Poor efficiency far from resonant operations

Non linear devices bull Overcome linear resonant devices limits bull Allow for scavenging a significant amount of energy from signals in a wide range of low frequencies

Non linear beam DIEEI Sensor LAB

End Set-up

There are many tools that can measure the flow but all of this are Commercial Devices bull large (8-10 cm or more) bull heavy (hundreds of grams) bull expensive ( 30 euro ndash 200 euro )

Printed Solution Printed Flow Sensor is bullCheap (Normal Inkjet Printer) bullLight (few grams) bullSmall (3-4 cm)

Application

Very simple idea put the sensor inside a tube with a hydraulic flow To the passage of hydraulic flow the sensor will flex in proportion to the intensity of the flow itself by varying its electrical resistance

120549R = 0

120549R = X

Pump

Sensor SG

Hydraulic Circuit Realization

Sensors

Conditioning Acquisition Processing

Alimentation Pump

System Modeling

Pump OFF

Velocity 1

Velocity 2

Acquisition step

Mean of each step

Repeat this process for 10 acquisition

Ascending period Descending period

then average each column to obtain two Model

That I consider divide in two periods

And so onhellip

Quadratic interpolation

Ascending Model With quadratic interpolation

Descending Model With quadratic interpolation

MODEL

MODEL

Quadratic Calibration Diagram

Saturation

Static friction

Ascending Calibration diagram

Descending Calibration diagram

Why Probabily because at 4 velocity the SG sensor is maximum deform

Why Because at start SG sensor must overcome Static friction

Then reverse the interpolation equation and use the Accuracy Band to obtain

Linear Calibration Diagram with a reduced operating field

But if we working with a reduced operating range for example from velocity 1 at 4 we can use a linear interpolation to obtain linear model

SG MATRIX FOR ESTIMATION

OF DEFORMATIONS OF

KNEE PROSTHESIS INSERT

APPLICATION POINTS

1

2

3

4

5

1

2

3

4

5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

distribuzione interpolata 3D

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Stress Measurement of Prosthesys Insert Layer to Verify Reliability of materials and prosthesys health

Up to 16 Strain Gauge Sensors Miniaturization Strategy

WHY

MUX

Sensing methodology bullSG Technology bullINKJET Printing bullSilver Ink

Implementation of sperimental Set-up

As can be seen from the layout shown in the figure it was tried to obtain a structure that oppose a minimum resistance to the weight application and it had a rigid base on which to fix the power sensor matrix

Implementation of sperimental Set-up

It was necessary to test the repeatability of measurements using the SET-UP shown above because the presence of friction could have affected in a non-negligible effect on the measurements

5 different weights were used and the weight of the structure to build the following graph through 20 different measurements and were calculated by the software Matlab the standard deviation and the mean for each so as to obtain the range of uncertainty of the measurements

1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 640

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80taratura (b=2sigmak=3sigma)

misure (16)

peso

[g]

weights applied[g]

wei

ghts

me

asu

red

[g]

44 50 56 62 68 72

This study shows that the measurement results are repeatable and the maximum standard deviation is 08g In the figure the yellow line corresponds to 1σ the blue line corresponds to 2σ while the black band corresponds to 3σ (σ is the standard deviation and assuming a Gaussian distribution which is equal to the standard deviation)

PRINTED TOUCHMASS SENSOR

LOW State

HIGH State

COMPARATOR

- Low Cost Touch Device

- Weareable Electronic

WHY - Inkjet Printing - Capacitive Interdigitated Printed Sensor - Dielectric Constant Variation - Two Different Conditioning Approach

- Bridge Circuit and Voltage Amplification

- Frequency Modulation Technique

Methodology

IDT Silver Ink

Rubber Dielectric Layer

PET Substrate Protective Layer

Plexiglass Support

PET

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

SENSOR

INA111

RC BRIDGE BUFFER INSTRUM AMPLIFIER

FILTER

RECTIFIER

SENSOR

AC

AMP - +

FILTER + RECTIFIER

CIRCUIT CONDITIONING

ADC DEVICE

GUI amp ACQUISITION WORKSPACE

OSCILLOSCOPE

Printed touch sensor

Working mode

d variation

Tested sensors

Davide Mandragrave

Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge

Advantages

High sensitivity

gt 200 mV

Drawbacks

Offset

waveforms out of

phase

Davide Mandragrave

WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR

But hellip what about x

THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED

∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF

WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g

Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

Printed Heater Device

THE HEATER

The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec

From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

τ = 65 sec

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

Printed Gas Sensors

PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)

bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm

PET Substrate thickness 200um

PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um

EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS

Measurement Set-up

Page 31: Technology….. ….Inkjet Printing - DIEES - Home Page ·  · 2016-12-21Printed Electronics: Inkjet Printed Sensors Overview of Graphic Art Printing systems Why inkjet printing?

SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy

Development of low cost devices integrated into non-linear bistable flexible system

bull Bistable flexible PET beam (switches harvesters hellip)

bull Study and exploit the device dynamics

bull Low cost solutions for strain measurements electrodes and other passive structureshelliphellip

helliphellipinkjet printing

Non linear beamDIEEI Sensor LAB

End Set-up

SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy

Linear resonant devices bull Perform well when excited at their mechanical resonance bull Large sizes and masses are required at low frequencies bull Poor efficiency far from resonant operations

Non linear devices bull Overcome linear resonant devices limits bull Allow for scavenging a significant amount of energy from signals in a wide range of low frequencies

Non linear beam DIEEI Sensor LAB

End Set-up

There are many tools that can measure the flow but all of this are Commercial Devices bull large (8-10 cm or more) bull heavy (hundreds of grams) bull expensive ( 30 euro ndash 200 euro )

Printed Solution Printed Flow Sensor is bullCheap (Normal Inkjet Printer) bullLight (few grams) bullSmall (3-4 cm)

Application

Very simple idea put the sensor inside a tube with a hydraulic flow To the passage of hydraulic flow the sensor will flex in proportion to the intensity of the flow itself by varying its electrical resistance

120549R = 0

120549R = X

Pump

Sensor SG

Hydraulic Circuit Realization

Sensors

Conditioning Acquisition Processing

Alimentation Pump

System Modeling

Pump OFF

Velocity 1

Velocity 2

Acquisition step

Mean of each step

Repeat this process for 10 acquisition

Ascending period Descending period

then average each column to obtain two Model

That I consider divide in two periods

And so onhellip

Quadratic interpolation

Ascending Model With quadratic interpolation

Descending Model With quadratic interpolation

MODEL

MODEL

Quadratic Calibration Diagram

Saturation

Static friction

Ascending Calibration diagram

Descending Calibration diagram

Why Probabily because at 4 velocity the SG sensor is maximum deform

Why Because at start SG sensor must overcome Static friction

Then reverse the interpolation equation and use the Accuracy Band to obtain

Linear Calibration Diagram with a reduced operating field

But if we working with a reduced operating range for example from velocity 1 at 4 we can use a linear interpolation to obtain linear model

SG MATRIX FOR ESTIMATION

OF DEFORMATIONS OF

KNEE PROSTHESIS INSERT

APPLICATION POINTS

1

2

3

4

5

1

2

3

4

5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

distribuzione interpolata 3D

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Stress Measurement of Prosthesys Insert Layer to Verify Reliability of materials and prosthesys health

Up to 16 Strain Gauge Sensors Miniaturization Strategy

WHY

MUX

Sensing methodology bullSG Technology bullINKJET Printing bullSilver Ink

Implementation of sperimental Set-up

As can be seen from the layout shown in the figure it was tried to obtain a structure that oppose a minimum resistance to the weight application and it had a rigid base on which to fix the power sensor matrix

Implementation of sperimental Set-up

It was necessary to test the repeatability of measurements using the SET-UP shown above because the presence of friction could have affected in a non-negligible effect on the measurements

5 different weights were used and the weight of the structure to build the following graph through 20 different measurements and were calculated by the software Matlab the standard deviation and the mean for each so as to obtain the range of uncertainty of the measurements

1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 640

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80taratura (b=2sigmak=3sigma)

misure (16)

peso

[g]

weights applied[g]

wei

ghts

me

asu

red

[g]

44 50 56 62 68 72

This study shows that the measurement results are repeatable and the maximum standard deviation is 08g In the figure the yellow line corresponds to 1σ the blue line corresponds to 2σ while the black band corresponds to 3σ (σ is the standard deviation and assuming a Gaussian distribution which is equal to the standard deviation)

PRINTED TOUCHMASS SENSOR

LOW State

HIGH State

COMPARATOR

- Low Cost Touch Device

- Weareable Electronic

WHY - Inkjet Printing - Capacitive Interdigitated Printed Sensor - Dielectric Constant Variation - Two Different Conditioning Approach

- Bridge Circuit and Voltage Amplification

- Frequency Modulation Technique

Methodology

IDT Silver Ink

Rubber Dielectric Layer

PET Substrate Protective Layer

Plexiglass Support

PET

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

SENSOR

INA111

RC BRIDGE BUFFER INSTRUM AMPLIFIER

FILTER

RECTIFIER

SENSOR

AC

AMP - +

FILTER + RECTIFIER

CIRCUIT CONDITIONING

ADC DEVICE

GUI amp ACQUISITION WORKSPACE

OSCILLOSCOPE

Printed touch sensor

Working mode

d variation

Tested sensors

Davide Mandragrave

Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge

Advantages

High sensitivity

gt 200 mV

Drawbacks

Offset

waveforms out of

phase

Davide Mandragrave

WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR

But hellip what about x

THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED

∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF

WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g

Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

Printed Heater Device

THE HEATER

The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec

From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

τ = 65 sec

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

Printed Gas Sensors

PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)

bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm

PET Substrate thickness 200um

PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um

EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS

Measurement Set-up

Page 32: Technology….. ….Inkjet Printing - DIEES - Home Page ·  · 2016-12-21Printed Electronics: Inkjet Printed Sensors Overview of Graphic Art Printing systems Why inkjet printing?

SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy

Linear resonant devices bull Perform well when excited at their mechanical resonance bull Large sizes and masses are required at low frequencies bull Poor efficiency far from resonant operations

Non linear devices bull Overcome linear resonant devices limits bull Allow for scavenging a significant amount of energy from signals in a wide range of low frequencies

Non linear beam DIEEI Sensor LAB

End Set-up

There are many tools that can measure the flow but all of this are Commercial Devices bull large (8-10 cm or more) bull heavy (hundreds of grams) bull expensive ( 30 euro ndash 200 euro )

Printed Solution Printed Flow Sensor is bullCheap (Normal Inkjet Printer) bullLight (few grams) bullSmall (3-4 cm)

Application

Very simple idea put the sensor inside a tube with a hydraulic flow To the passage of hydraulic flow the sensor will flex in proportion to the intensity of the flow itself by varying its electrical resistance

120549R = 0

120549R = X

Pump

Sensor SG

Hydraulic Circuit Realization

Sensors

Conditioning Acquisition Processing

Alimentation Pump

System Modeling

Pump OFF

Velocity 1

Velocity 2

Acquisition step

Mean of each step

Repeat this process for 10 acquisition

Ascending period Descending period

then average each column to obtain two Model

That I consider divide in two periods

And so onhellip

Quadratic interpolation

Ascending Model With quadratic interpolation

Descending Model With quadratic interpolation

MODEL

MODEL

Quadratic Calibration Diagram

Saturation

Static friction

Ascending Calibration diagram

Descending Calibration diagram

Why Probabily because at 4 velocity the SG sensor is maximum deform

Why Because at start SG sensor must overcome Static friction

Then reverse the interpolation equation and use the Accuracy Band to obtain

Linear Calibration Diagram with a reduced operating field

But if we working with a reduced operating range for example from velocity 1 at 4 we can use a linear interpolation to obtain linear model

SG MATRIX FOR ESTIMATION

OF DEFORMATIONS OF

KNEE PROSTHESIS INSERT

APPLICATION POINTS

1

2

3

4

5

1

2

3

4

5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

distribuzione interpolata 3D

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Stress Measurement of Prosthesys Insert Layer to Verify Reliability of materials and prosthesys health

Up to 16 Strain Gauge Sensors Miniaturization Strategy

WHY

MUX

Sensing methodology bullSG Technology bullINKJET Printing bullSilver Ink

Implementation of sperimental Set-up

As can be seen from the layout shown in the figure it was tried to obtain a structure that oppose a minimum resistance to the weight application and it had a rigid base on which to fix the power sensor matrix

Implementation of sperimental Set-up

It was necessary to test the repeatability of measurements using the SET-UP shown above because the presence of friction could have affected in a non-negligible effect on the measurements

5 different weights were used and the weight of the structure to build the following graph through 20 different measurements and were calculated by the software Matlab the standard deviation and the mean for each so as to obtain the range of uncertainty of the measurements

1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 640

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80taratura (b=2sigmak=3sigma)

misure (16)

peso

[g]

weights applied[g]

wei

ghts

me

asu

red

[g]

44 50 56 62 68 72

This study shows that the measurement results are repeatable and the maximum standard deviation is 08g In the figure the yellow line corresponds to 1σ the blue line corresponds to 2σ while the black band corresponds to 3σ (σ is the standard deviation and assuming a Gaussian distribution which is equal to the standard deviation)

PRINTED TOUCHMASS SENSOR

LOW State

HIGH State

COMPARATOR

- Low Cost Touch Device

- Weareable Electronic

WHY - Inkjet Printing - Capacitive Interdigitated Printed Sensor - Dielectric Constant Variation - Two Different Conditioning Approach

- Bridge Circuit and Voltage Amplification

- Frequency Modulation Technique

Methodology

IDT Silver Ink

Rubber Dielectric Layer

PET Substrate Protective Layer

Plexiglass Support

PET

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

SENSOR

INA111

RC BRIDGE BUFFER INSTRUM AMPLIFIER

FILTER

RECTIFIER

SENSOR

AC

AMP - +

FILTER + RECTIFIER

CIRCUIT CONDITIONING

ADC DEVICE

GUI amp ACQUISITION WORKSPACE

OSCILLOSCOPE

Printed touch sensor

Working mode

d variation

Tested sensors

Davide Mandragrave

Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge

Advantages

High sensitivity

gt 200 mV

Drawbacks

Offset

waveforms out of

phase

Davide Mandragrave

WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR

But hellip what about x

THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED

∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF

WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g

Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

Printed Heater Device

THE HEATER

The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec

From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

τ = 65 sec

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

Printed Gas Sensors

PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)

bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm

PET Substrate thickness 200um

PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um

EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS

Measurement Set-up

Page 33: Technology….. ….Inkjet Printing - DIEES - Home Page ·  · 2016-12-21Printed Electronics: Inkjet Printed Sensors Overview of Graphic Art Printing systems Why inkjet printing?

There are many tools that can measure the flow but all of this are Commercial Devices bull large (8-10 cm or more) bull heavy (hundreds of grams) bull expensive ( 30 euro ndash 200 euro )

Printed Solution Printed Flow Sensor is bullCheap (Normal Inkjet Printer) bullLight (few grams) bullSmall (3-4 cm)

Application

Very simple idea put the sensor inside a tube with a hydraulic flow To the passage of hydraulic flow the sensor will flex in proportion to the intensity of the flow itself by varying its electrical resistance

120549R = 0

120549R = X

Pump

Sensor SG

Hydraulic Circuit Realization

Sensors

Conditioning Acquisition Processing

Alimentation Pump

System Modeling

Pump OFF

Velocity 1

Velocity 2

Acquisition step

Mean of each step

Repeat this process for 10 acquisition

Ascending period Descending period

then average each column to obtain two Model

That I consider divide in two periods

And so onhellip

Quadratic interpolation

Ascending Model With quadratic interpolation

Descending Model With quadratic interpolation

MODEL

MODEL

Quadratic Calibration Diagram

Saturation

Static friction

Ascending Calibration diagram

Descending Calibration diagram

Why Probabily because at 4 velocity the SG sensor is maximum deform

Why Because at start SG sensor must overcome Static friction

Then reverse the interpolation equation and use the Accuracy Band to obtain

Linear Calibration Diagram with a reduced operating field

But if we working with a reduced operating range for example from velocity 1 at 4 we can use a linear interpolation to obtain linear model

SG MATRIX FOR ESTIMATION

OF DEFORMATIONS OF

KNEE PROSTHESIS INSERT

APPLICATION POINTS

1

2

3

4

5

1

2

3

4

5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

distribuzione interpolata 3D

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Stress Measurement of Prosthesys Insert Layer to Verify Reliability of materials and prosthesys health

Up to 16 Strain Gauge Sensors Miniaturization Strategy

WHY

MUX

Sensing methodology bullSG Technology bullINKJET Printing bullSilver Ink

Implementation of sperimental Set-up

As can be seen from the layout shown in the figure it was tried to obtain a structure that oppose a minimum resistance to the weight application and it had a rigid base on which to fix the power sensor matrix

Implementation of sperimental Set-up

It was necessary to test the repeatability of measurements using the SET-UP shown above because the presence of friction could have affected in a non-negligible effect on the measurements

5 different weights were used and the weight of the structure to build the following graph through 20 different measurements and were calculated by the software Matlab the standard deviation and the mean for each so as to obtain the range of uncertainty of the measurements

1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 640

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80taratura (b=2sigmak=3sigma)

misure (16)

peso

[g]

weights applied[g]

wei

ghts

me

asu

red

[g]

44 50 56 62 68 72

This study shows that the measurement results are repeatable and the maximum standard deviation is 08g In the figure the yellow line corresponds to 1σ the blue line corresponds to 2σ while the black band corresponds to 3σ (σ is the standard deviation and assuming a Gaussian distribution which is equal to the standard deviation)

PRINTED TOUCHMASS SENSOR

LOW State

HIGH State

COMPARATOR

- Low Cost Touch Device

- Weareable Electronic

WHY - Inkjet Printing - Capacitive Interdigitated Printed Sensor - Dielectric Constant Variation - Two Different Conditioning Approach

- Bridge Circuit and Voltage Amplification

- Frequency Modulation Technique

Methodology

IDT Silver Ink

Rubber Dielectric Layer

PET Substrate Protective Layer

Plexiglass Support

PET

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

SENSOR

INA111

RC BRIDGE BUFFER INSTRUM AMPLIFIER

FILTER

RECTIFIER

SENSOR

AC

AMP - +

FILTER + RECTIFIER

CIRCUIT CONDITIONING

ADC DEVICE

GUI amp ACQUISITION WORKSPACE

OSCILLOSCOPE

Printed touch sensor

Working mode

d variation

Tested sensors

Davide Mandragrave

Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge

Advantages

High sensitivity

gt 200 mV

Drawbacks

Offset

waveforms out of

phase

Davide Mandragrave

WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR

But hellip what about x

THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED

∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF

WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g

Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

Printed Heater Device

THE HEATER

The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec

From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

τ = 65 sec

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

Printed Gas Sensors

PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)

bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm

PET Substrate thickness 200um

PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um

EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS

Measurement Set-up

Page 34: Technology….. ….Inkjet Printing - DIEES - Home Page ·  · 2016-12-21Printed Electronics: Inkjet Printed Sensors Overview of Graphic Art Printing systems Why inkjet printing?

Application

Very simple idea put the sensor inside a tube with a hydraulic flow To the passage of hydraulic flow the sensor will flex in proportion to the intensity of the flow itself by varying its electrical resistance

120549R = 0

120549R = X

Pump

Sensor SG

Hydraulic Circuit Realization

Sensors

Conditioning Acquisition Processing

Alimentation Pump

System Modeling

Pump OFF

Velocity 1

Velocity 2

Acquisition step

Mean of each step

Repeat this process for 10 acquisition

Ascending period Descending period

then average each column to obtain two Model

That I consider divide in two periods

And so onhellip

Quadratic interpolation

Ascending Model With quadratic interpolation

Descending Model With quadratic interpolation

MODEL

MODEL

Quadratic Calibration Diagram

Saturation

Static friction

Ascending Calibration diagram

Descending Calibration diagram

Why Probabily because at 4 velocity the SG sensor is maximum deform

Why Because at start SG sensor must overcome Static friction

Then reverse the interpolation equation and use the Accuracy Band to obtain

Linear Calibration Diagram with a reduced operating field

But if we working with a reduced operating range for example from velocity 1 at 4 we can use a linear interpolation to obtain linear model

SG MATRIX FOR ESTIMATION

OF DEFORMATIONS OF

KNEE PROSTHESIS INSERT

APPLICATION POINTS

1

2

3

4

5

1

2

3

4

5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

distribuzione interpolata 3D

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Stress Measurement of Prosthesys Insert Layer to Verify Reliability of materials and prosthesys health

Up to 16 Strain Gauge Sensors Miniaturization Strategy

WHY

MUX

Sensing methodology bullSG Technology bullINKJET Printing bullSilver Ink

Implementation of sperimental Set-up

As can be seen from the layout shown in the figure it was tried to obtain a structure that oppose a minimum resistance to the weight application and it had a rigid base on which to fix the power sensor matrix

Implementation of sperimental Set-up

It was necessary to test the repeatability of measurements using the SET-UP shown above because the presence of friction could have affected in a non-negligible effect on the measurements

5 different weights were used and the weight of the structure to build the following graph through 20 different measurements and were calculated by the software Matlab the standard deviation and the mean for each so as to obtain the range of uncertainty of the measurements

1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 640

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80taratura (b=2sigmak=3sigma)

misure (16)

peso

[g]

weights applied[g]

wei

ghts

me

asu

red

[g]

44 50 56 62 68 72

This study shows that the measurement results are repeatable and the maximum standard deviation is 08g In the figure the yellow line corresponds to 1σ the blue line corresponds to 2σ while the black band corresponds to 3σ (σ is the standard deviation and assuming a Gaussian distribution which is equal to the standard deviation)

PRINTED TOUCHMASS SENSOR

LOW State

HIGH State

COMPARATOR

- Low Cost Touch Device

- Weareable Electronic

WHY - Inkjet Printing - Capacitive Interdigitated Printed Sensor - Dielectric Constant Variation - Two Different Conditioning Approach

- Bridge Circuit and Voltage Amplification

- Frequency Modulation Technique

Methodology

IDT Silver Ink

Rubber Dielectric Layer

PET Substrate Protective Layer

Plexiglass Support

PET

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

SENSOR

INA111

RC BRIDGE BUFFER INSTRUM AMPLIFIER

FILTER

RECTIFIER

SENSOR

AC

AMP - +

FILTER + RECTIFIER

CIRCUIT CONDITIONING

ADC DEVICE

GUI amp ACQUISITION WORKSPACE

OSCILLOSCOPE

Printed touch sensor

Working mode

d variation

Tested sensors

Davide Mandragrave

Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge

Advantages

High sensitivity

gt 200 mV

Drawbacks

Offset

waveforms out of

phase

Davide Mandragrave

WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR

But hellip what about x

THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED

∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF

WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g

Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

Printed Heater Device

THE HEATER

The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec

From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

τ = 65 sec

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

Printed Gas Sensors

PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)

bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm

PET Substrate thickness 200um

PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um

EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS

Measurement Set-up

Page 35: Technology….. ….Inkjet Printing - DIEES - Home Page ·  · 2016-12-21Printed Electronics: Inkjet Printed Sensors Overview of Graphic Art Printing systems Why inkjet printing?

Pump

Sensor SG

Hydraulic Circuit Realization

Sensors

Conditioning Acquisition Processing

Alimentation Pump

System Modeling

Pump OFF

Velocity 1

Velocity 2

Acquisition step

Mean of each step

Repeat this process for 10 acquisition

Ascending period Descending period

then average each column to obtain two Model

That I consider divide in two periods

And so onhellip

Quadratic interpolation

Ascending Model With quadratic interpolation

Descending Model With quadratic interpolation

MODEL

MODEL

Quadratic Calibration Diagram

Saturation

Static friction

Ascending Calibration diagram

Descending Calibration diagram

Why Probabily because at 4 velocity the SG sensor is maximum deform

Why Because at start SG sensor must overcome Static friction

Then reverse the interpolation equation and use the Accuracy Band to obtain

Linear Calibration Diagram with a reduced operating field

But if we working with a reduced operating range for example from velocity 1 at 4 we can use a linear interpolation to obtain linear model

SG MATRIX FOR ESTIMATION

OF DEFORMATIONS OF

KNEE PROSTHESIS INSERT

APPLICATION POINTS

1

2

3

4

5

1

2

3

4

5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

distribuzione interpolata 3D

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Stress Measurement of Prosthesys Insert Layer to Verify Reliability of materials and prosthesys health

Up to 16 Strain Gauge Sensors Miniaturization Strategy

WHY

MUX

Sensing methodology bullSG Technology bullINKJET Printing bullSilver Ink

Implementation of sperimental Set-up

As can be seen from the layout shown in the figure it was tried to obtain a structure that oppose a minimum resistance to the weight application and it had a rigid base on which to fix the power sensor matrix

Implementation of sperimental Set-up

It was necessary to test the repeatability of measurements using the SET-UP shown above because the presence of friction could have affected in a non-negligible effect on the measurements

5 different weights were used and the weight of the structure to build the following graph through 20 different measurements and were calculated by the software Matlab the standard deviation and the mean for each so as to obtain the range of uncertainty of the measurements

1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 640

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80taratura (b=2sigmak=3sigma)

misure (16)

peso

[g]

weights applied[g]

wei

ghts

me

asu

red

[g]

44 50 56 62 68 72

This study shows that the measurement results are repeatable and the maximum standard deviation is 08g In the figure the yellow line corresponds to 1σ the blue line corresponds to 2σ while the black band corresponds to 3σ (σ is the standard deviation and assuming a Gaussian distribution which is equal to the standard deviation)

PRINTED TOUCHMASS SENSOR

LOW State

HIGH State

COMPARATOR

- Low Cost Touch Device

- Weareable Electronic

WHY - Inkjet Printing - Capacitive Interdigitated Printed Sensor - Dielectric Constant Variation - Two Different Conditioning Approach

- Bridge Circuit and Voltage Amplification

- Frequency Modulation Technique

Methodology

IDT Silver Ink

Rubber Dielectric Layer

PET Substrate Protective Layer

Plexiglass Support

PET

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

SENSOR

INA111

RC BRIDGE BUFFER INSTRUM AMPLIFIER

FILTER

RECTIFIER

SENSOR

AC

AMP - +

FILTER + RECTIFIER

CIRCUIT CONDITIONING

ADC DEVICE

GUI amp ACQUISITION WORKSPACE

OSCILLOSCOPE

Printed touch sensor

Working mode

d variation

Tested sensors

Davide Mandragrave

Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge

Advantages

High sensitivity

gt 200 mV

Drawbacks

Offset

waveforms out of

phase

Davide Mandragrave

WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR

But hellip what about x

THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED

∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF

WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g

Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

Printed Heater Device

THE HEATER

The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec

From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

τ = 65 sec

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

Printed Gas Sensors

PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)

bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm

PET Substrate thickness 200um

PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um

EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS

Measurement Set-up

Page 36: Technology….. ….Inkjet Printing - DIEES - Home Page ·  · 2016-12-21Printed Electronics: Inkjet Printed Sensors Overview of Graphic Art Printing systems Why inkjet printing?

Sensors

Conditioning Acquisition Processing

Alimentation Pump

System Modeling

Pump OFF

Velocity 1

Velocity 2

Acquisition step

Mean of each step

Repeat this process for 10 acquisition

Ascending period Descending period

then average each column to obtain two Model

That I consider divide in two periods

And so onhellip

Quadratic interpolation

Ascending Model With quadratic interpolation

Descending Model With quadratic interpolation

MODEL

MODEL

Quadratic Calibration Diagram

Saturation

Static friction

Ascending Calibration diagram

Descending Calibration diagram

Why Probabily because at 4 velocity the SG sensor is maximum deform

Why Because at start SG sensor must overcome Static friction

Then reverse the interpolation equation and use the Accuracy Band to obtain

Linear Calibration Diagram with a reduced operating field

But if we working with a reduced operating range for example from velocity 1 at 4 we can use a linear interpolation to obtain linear model

SG MATRIX FOR ESTIMATION

OF DEFORMATIONS OF

KNEE PROSTHESIS INSERT

APPLICATION POINTS

1

2

3

4

5

1

2

3

4

5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

distribuzione interpolata 3D

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Stress Measurement of Prosthesys Insert Layer to Verify Reliability of materials and prosthesys health

Up to 16 Strain Gauge Sensors Miniaturization Strategy

WHY

MUX

Sensing methodology bullSG Technology bullINKJET Printing bullSilver Ink

Implementation of sperimental Set-up

As can be seen from the layout shown in the figure it was tried to obtain a structure that oppose a minimum resistance to the weight application and it had a rigid base on which to fix the power sensor matrix

Implementation of sperimental Set-up

It was necessary to test the repeatability of measurements using the SET-UP shown above because the presence of friction could have affected in a non-negligible effect on the measurements

5 different weights were used and the weight of the structure to build the following graph through 20 different measurements and were calculated by the software Matlab the standard deviation and the mean for each so as to obtain the range of uncertainty of the measurements

1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 640

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80taratura (b=2sigmak=3sigma)

misure (16)

peso

[g]

weights applied[g]

wei

ghts

me

asu

red

[g]

44 50 56 62 68 72

This study shows that the measurement results are repeatable and the maximum standard deviation is 08g In the figure the yellow line corresponds to 1σ the blue line corresponds to 2σ while the black band corresponds to 3σ (σ is the standard deviation and assuming a Gaussian distribution which is equal to the standard deviation)

PRINTED TOUCHMASS SENSOR

LOW State

HIGH State

COMPARATOR

- Low Cost Touch Device

- Weareable Electronic

WHY - Inkjet Printing - Capacitive Interdigitated Printed Sensor - Dielectric Constant Variation - Two Different Conditioning Approach

- Bridge Circuit and Voltage Amplification

- Frequency Modulation Technique

Methodology

IDT Silver Ink

Rubber Dielectric Layer

PET Substrate Protective Layer

Plexiglass Support

PET

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

SENSOR

INA111

RC BRIDGE BUFFER INSTRUM AMPLIFIER

FILTER

RECTIFIER

SENSOR

AC

AMP - +

FILTER + RECTIFIER

CIRCUIT CONDITIONING

ADC DEVICE

GUI amp ACQUISITION WORKSPACE

OSCILLOSCOPE

Printed touch sensor

Working mode

d variation

Tested sensors

Davide Mandragrave

Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge

Advantages

High sensitivity

gt 200 mV

Drawbacks

Offset

waveforms out of

phase

Davide Mandragrave

WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR

But hellip what about x

THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED

∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF

WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g

Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

Printed Heater Device

THE HEATER

The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec

From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

τ = 65 sec

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

Printed Gas Sensors

PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)

bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm

PET Substrate thickness 200um

PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um

EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS

Measurement Set-up

Page 37: Technology….. ….Inkjet Printing - DIEES - Home Page ·  · 2016-12-21Printed Electronics: Inkjet Printed Sensors Overview of Graphic Art Printing systems Why inkjet printing?

Pump OFF

Velocity 1

Velocity 2

Acquisition step

Mean of each step

Repeat this process for 10 acquisition

Ascending period Descending period

then average each column to obtain two Model

That I consider divide in two periods

And so onhellip

Quadratic interpolation

Ascending Model With quadratic interpolation

Descending Model With quadratic interpolation

MODEL

MODEL

Quadratic Calibration Diagram

Saturation

Static friction

Ascending Calibration diagram

Descending Calibration diagram

Why Probabily because at 4 velocity the SG sensor is maximum deform

Why Because at start SG sensor must overcome Static friction

Then reverse the interpolation equation and use the Accuracy Band to obtain

Linear Calibration Diagram with a reduced operating field

But if we working with a reduced operating range for example from velocity 1 at 4 we can use a linear interpolation to obtain linear model

SG MATRIX FOR ESTIMATION

OF DEFORMATIONS OF

KNEE PROSTHESIS INSERT

APPLICATION POINTS

1

2

3

4

5

1

2

3

4

5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

distribuzione interpolata 3D

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Stress Measurement of Prosthesys Insert Layer to Verify Reliability of materials and prosthesys health

Up to 16 Strain Gauge Sensors Miniaturization Strategy

WHY

MUX

Sensing methodology bullSG Technology bullINKJET Printing bullSilver Ink

Implementation of sperimental Set-up

As can be seen from the layout shown in the figure it was tried to obtain a structure that oppose a minimum resistance to the weight application and it had a rigid base on which to fix the power sensor matrix

Implementation of sperimental Set-up

It was necessary to test the repeatability of measurements using the SET-UP shown above because the presence of friction could have affected in a non-negligible effect on the measurements

5 different weights were used and the weight of the structure to build the following graph through 20 different measurements and were calculated by the software Matlab the standard deviation and the mean for each so as to obtain the range of uncertainty of the measurements

1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 640

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80taratura (b=2sigmak=3sigma)

misure (16)

peso

[g]

weights applied[g]

wei

ghts

me

asu

red

[g]

44 50 56 62 68 72

This study shows that the measurement results are repeatable and the maximum standard deviation is 08g In the figure the yellow line corresponds to 1σ the blue line corresponds to 2σ while the black band corresponds to 3σ (σ is the standard deviation and assuming a Gaussian distribution which is equal to the standard deviation)

PRINTED TOUCHMASS SENSOR

LOW State

HIGH State

COMPARATOR

- Low Cost Touch Device

- Weareable Electronic

WHY - Inkjet Printing - Capacitive Interdigitated Printed Sensor - Dielectric Constant Variation - Two Different Conditioning Approach

- Bridge Circuit and Voltage Amplification

- Frequency Modulation Technique

Methodology

IDT Silver Ink

Rubber Dielectric Layer

PET Substrate Protective Layer

Plexiglass Support

PET

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

SENSOR

INA111

RC BRIDGE BUFFER INSTRUM AMPLIFIER

FILTER

RECTIFIER

SENSOR

AC

AMP - +

FILTER + RECTIFIER

CIRCUIT CONDITIONING

ADC DEVICE

GUI amp ACQUISITION WORKSPACE

OSCILLOSCOPE

Printed touch sensor

Working mode

d variation

Tested sensors

Davide Mandragrave

Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge

Advantages

High sensitivity

gt 200 mV

Drawbacks

Offset

waveforms out of

phase

Davide Mandragrave

WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR

But hellip what about x

THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED

∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF

WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g

Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

Printed Heater Device

THE HEATER

The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec

From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

τ = 65 sec

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

Printed Gas Sensors

PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)

bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm

PET Substrate thickness 200um

PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um

EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS

Measurement Set-up

Page 38: Technology….. ….Inkjet Printing - DIEES - Home Page ·  · 2016-12-21Printed Electronics: Inkjet Printed Sensors Overview of Graphic Art Printing systems Why inkjet printing?

Velocity 1

Velocity 2

Acquisition step

Mean of each step

Repeat this process for 10 acquisition

Ascending period Descending period

then average each column to obtain two Model

That I consider divide in two periods

And so onhellip

Quadratic interpolation

Ascending Model With quadratic interpolation

Descending Model With quadratic interpolation

MODEL

MODEL

Quadratic Calibration Diagram

Saturation

Static friction

Ascending Calibration diagram

Descending Calibration diagram

Why Probabily because at 4 velocity the SG sensor is maximum deform

Why Because at start SG sensor must overcome Static friction

Then reverse the interpolation equation and use the Accuracy Band to obtain

Linear Calibration Diagram with a reduced operating field

But if we working with a reduced operating range for example from velocity 1 at 4 we can use a linear interpolation to obtain linear model

SG MATRIX FOR ESTIMATION

OF DEFORMATIONS OF

KNEE PROSTHESIS INSERT

APPLICATION POINTS

1

2

3

4

5

1

2

3

4

5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

distribuzione interpolata 3D

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Stress Measurement of Prosthesys Insert Layer to Verify Reliability of materials and prosthesys health

Up to 16 Strain Gauge Sensors Miniaturization Strategy

WHY

MUX

Sensing methodology bullSG Technology bullINKJET Printing bullSilver Ink

Implementation of sperimental Set-up

As can be seen from the layout shown in the figure it was tried to obtain a structure that oppose a minimum resistance to the weight application and it had a rigid base on which to fix the power sensor matrix

Implementation of sperimental Set-up

It was necessary to test the repeatability of measurements using the SET-UP shown above because the presence of friction could have affected in a non-negligible effect on the measurements

5 different weights were used and the weight of the structure to build the following graph through 20 different measurements and were calculated by the software Matlab the standard deviation and the mean for each so as to obtain the range of uncertainty of the measurements

1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 640

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80taratura (b=2sigmak=3sigma)

misure (16)

peso

[g]

weights applied[g]

wei

ghts

me

asu

red

[g]

44 50 56 62 68 72

This study shows that the measurement results are repeatable and the maximum standard deviation is 08g In the figure the yellow line corresponds to 1σ the blue line corresponds to 2σ while the black band corresponds to 3σ (σ is the standard deviation and assuming a Gaussian distribution which is equal to the standard deviation)

PRINTED TOUCHMASS SENSOR

LOW State

HIGH State

COMPARATOR

- Low Cost Touch Device

- Weareable Electronic

WHY - Inkjet Printing - Capacitive Interdigitated Printed Sensor - Dielectric Constant Variation - Two Different Conditioning Approach

- Bridge Circuit and Voltage Amplification

- Frequency Modulation Technique

Methodology

IDT Silver Ink

Rubber Dielectric Layer

PET Substrate Protective Layer

Plexiglass Support

PET

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

SENSOR

INA111

RC BRIDGE BUFFER INSTRUM AMPLIFIER

FILTER

RECTIFIER

SENSOR

AC

AMP - +

FILTER + RECTIFIER

CIRCUIT CONDITIONING

ADC DEVICE

GUI amp ACQUISITION WORKSPACE

OSCILLOSCOPE

Printed touch sensor

Working mode

d variation

Tested sensors

Davide Mandragrave

Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge

Advantages

High sensitivity

gt 200 mV

Drawbacks

Offset

waveforms out of

phase

Davide Mandragrave

WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR

But hellip what about x

THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED

∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF

WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g

Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

Printed Heater Device

THE HEATER

The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec

From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

τ = 65 sec

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

Printed Gas Sensors

PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)

bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm

PET Substrate thickness 200um

PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um

EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS

Measurement Set-up

Page 39: Technology….. ….Inkjet Printing - DIEES - Home Page ·  · 2016-12-21Printed Electronics: Inkjet Printed Sensors Overview of Graphic Art Printing systems Why inkjet printing?

Velocity 2

Acquisition step

Mean of each step

Repeat this process for 10 acquisition

Ascending period Descending period

then average each column to obtain two Model

That I consider divide in two periods

And so onhellip

Quadratic interpolation

Ascending Model With quadratic interpolation

Descending Model With quadratic interpolation

MODEL

MODEL

Quadratic Calibration Diagram

Saturation

Static friction

Ascending Calibration diagram

Descending Calibration diagram

Why Probabily because at 4 velocity the SG sensor is maximum deform

Why Because at start SG sensor must overcome Static friction

Then reverse the interpolation equation and use the Accuracy Band to obtain

Linear Calibration Diagram with a reduced operating field

But if we working with a reduced operating range for example from velocity 1 at 4 we can use a linear interpolation to obtain linear model

SG MATRIX FOR ESTIMATION

OF DEFORMATIONS OF

KNEE PROSTHESIS INSERT

APPLICATION POINTS

1

2

3

4

5

1

2

3

4

5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

distribuzione interpolata 3D

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Stress Measurement of Prosthesys Insert Layer to Verify Reliability of materials and prosthesys health

Up to 16 Strain Gauge Sensors Miniaturization Strategy

WHY

MUX

Sensing methodology bullSG Technology bullINKJET Printing bullSilver Ink

Implementation of sperimental Set-up

As can be seen from the layout shown in the figure it was tried to obtain a structure that oppose a minimum resistance to the weight application and it had a rigid base on which to fix the power sensor matrix

Implementation of sperimental Set-up

It was necessary to test the repeatability of measurements using the SET-UP shown above because the presence of friction could have affected in a non-negligible effect on the measurements

5 different weights were used and the weight of the structure to build the following graph through 20 different measurements and were calculated by the software Matlab the standard deviation and the mean for each so as to obtain the range of uncertainty of the measurements

1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 640

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80taratura (b=2sigmak=3sigma)

misure (16)

peso

[g]

weights applied[g]

wei

ghts

me

asu

red

[g]

44 50 56 62 68 72

This study shows that the measurement results are repeatable and the maximum standard deviation is 08g In the figure the yellow line corresponds to 1σ the blue line corresponds to 2σ while the black band corresponds to 3σ (σ is the standard deviation and assuming a Gaussian distribution which is equal to the standard deviation)

PRINTED TOUCHMASS SENSOR

LOW State

HIGH State

COMPARATOR

- Low Cost Touch Device

- Weareable Electronic

WHY - Inkjet Printing - Capacitive Interdigitated Printed Sensor - Dielectric Constant Variation - Two Different Conditioning Approach

- Bridge Circuit and Voltage Amplification

- Frequency Modulation Technique

Methodology

IDT Silver Ink

Rubber Dielectric Layer

PET Substrate Protective Layer

Plexiglass Support

PET

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

SENSOR

INA111

RC BRIDGE BUFFER INSTRUM AMPLIFIER

FILTER

RECTIFIER

SENSOR

AC

AMP - +

FILTER + RECTIFIER

CIRCUIT CONDITIONING

ADC DEVICE

GUI amp ACQUISITION WORKSPACE

OSCILLOSCOPE

Printed touch sensor

Working mode

d variation

Tested sensors

Davide Mandragrave

Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge

Advantages

High sensitivity

gt 200 mV

Drawbacks

Offset

waveforms out of

phase

Davide Mandragrave

WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR

But hellip what about x

THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED

∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF

WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g

Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

Printed Heater Device

THE HEATER

The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec

From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

τ = 65 sec

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

Printed Gas Sensors

PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)

bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm

PET Substrate thickness 200um

PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um

EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS

Measurement Set-up

Page 40: Technology….. ….Inkjet Printing - DIEES - Home Page ·  · 2016-12-21Printed Electronics: Inkjet Printed Sensors Overview of Graphic Art Printing systems Why inkjet printing?

Acquisition step

Mean of each step

Repeat this process for 10 acquisition

Ascending period Descending period

then average each column to obtain two Model

That I consider divide in two periods

And so onhellip

Quadratic interpolation

Ascending Model With quadratic interpolation

Descending Model With quadratic interpolation

MODEL

MODEL

Quadratic Calibration Diagram

Saturation

Static friction

Ascending Calibration diagram

Descending Calibration diagram

Why Probabily because at 4 velocity the SG sensor is maximum deform

Why Because at start SG sensor must overcome Static friction

Then reverse the interpolation equation and use the Accuracy Band to obtain

Linear Calibration Diagram with a reduced operating field

But if we working with a reduced operating range for example from velocity 1 at 4 we can use a linear interpolation to obtain linear model

SG MATRIX FOR ESTIMATION

OF DEFORMATIONS OF

KNEE PROSTHESIS INSERT

APPLICATION POINTS

1

2

3

4

5

1

2

3

4

5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

distribuzione interpolata 3D

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Stress Measurement of Prosthesys Insert Layer to Verify Reliability of materials and prosthesys health

Up to 16 Strain Gauge Sensors Miniaturization Strategy

WHY

MUX

Sensing methodology bullSG Technology bullINKJET Printing bullSilver Ink

Implementation of sperimental Set-up

As can be seen from the layout shown in the figure it was tried to obtain a structure that oppose a minimum resistance to the weight application and it had a rigid base on which to fix the power sensor matrix

Implementation of sperimental Set-up

It was necessary to test the repeatability of measurements using the SET-UP shown above because the presence of friction could have affected in a non-negligible effect on the measurements

5 different weights were used and the weight of the structure to build the following graph through 20 different measurements and were calculated by the software Matlab the standard deviation and the mean for each so as to obtain the range of uncertainty of the measurements

1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 640

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80taratura (b=2sigmak=3sigma)

misure (16)

peso

[g]

weights applied[g]

wei

ghts

me

asu

red

[g]

44 50 56 62 68 72

This study shows that the measurement results are repeatable and the maximum standard deviation is 08g In the figure the yellow line corresponds to 1σ the blue line corresponds to 2σ while the black band corresponds to 3σ (σ is the standard deviation and assuming a Gaussian distribution which is equal to the standard deviation)

PRINTED TOUCHMASS SENSOR

LOW State

HIGH State

COMPARATOR

- Low Cost Touch Device

- Weareable Electronic

WHY - Inkjet Printing - Capacitive Interdigitated Printed Sensor - Dielectric Constant Variation - Two Different Conditioning Approach

- Bridge Circuit and Voltage Amplification

- Frequency Modulation Technique

Methodology

IDT Silver Ink

Rubber Dielectric Layer

PET Substrate Protective Layer

Plexiglass Support

PET

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

SENSOR

INA111

RC BRIDGE BUFFER INSTRUM AMPLIFIER

FILTER

RECTIFIER

SENSOR

AC

AMP - +

FILTER + RECTIFIER

CIRCUIT CONDITIONING

ADC DEVICE

GUI amp ACQUISITION WORKSPACE

OSCILLOSCOPE

Printed touch sensor

Working mode

d variation

Tested sensors

Davide Mandragrave

Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge

Advantages

High sensitivity

gt 200 mV

Drawbacks

Offset

waveforms out of

phase

Davide Mandragrave

WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR

But hellip what about x

THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED

∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF

WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g

Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

Printed Heater Device

THE HEATER

The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec

From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

τ = 65 sec

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

Printed Gas Sensors

PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)

bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm

PET Substrate thickness 200um

PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um

EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS

Measurement Set-up

Page 41: Technology….. ….Inkjet Printing - DIEES - Home Page ·  · 2016-12-21Printed Electronics: Inkjet Printed Sensors Overview of Graphic Art Printing systems Why inkjet printing?

Quadratic interpolation

Ascending Model With quadratic interpolation

Descending Model With quadratic interpolation

MODEL

MODEL

Quadratic Calibration Diagram

Saturation

Static friction

Ascending Calibration diagram

Descending Calibration diagram

Why Probabily because at 4 velocity the SG sensor is maximum deform

Why Because at start SG sensor must overcome Static friction

Then reverse the interpolation equation and use the Accuracy Band to obtain

Linear Calibration Diagram with a reduced operating field

But if we working with a reduced operating range for example from velocity 1 at 4 we can use a linear interpolation to obtain linear model

SG MATRIX FOR ESTIMATION

OF DEFORMATIONS OF

KNEE PROSTHESIS INSERT

APPLICATION POINTS

1

2

3

4

5

1

2

3

4

5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

distribuzione interpolata 3D

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Stress Measurement of Prosthesys Insert Layer to Verify Reliability of materials and prosthesys health

Up to 16 Strain Gauge Sensors Miniaturization Strategy

WHY

MUX

Sensing methodology bullSG Technology bullINKJET Printing bullSilver Ink

Implementation of sperimental Set-up

As can be seen from the layout shown in the figure it was tried to obtain a structure that oppose a minimum resistance to the weight application and it had a rigid base on which to fix the power sensor matrix

Implementation of sperimental Set-up

It was necessary to test the repeatability of measurements using the SET-UP shown above because the presence of friction could have affected in a non-negligible effect on the measurements

5 different weights were used and the weight of the structure to build the following graph through 20 different measurements and were calculated by the software Matlab the standard deviation and the mean for each so as to obtain the range of uncertainty of the measurements

1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 640

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80taratura (b=2sigmak=3sigma)

misure (16)

peso

[g]

weights applied[g]

wei

ghts

me

asu

red

[g]

44 50 56 62 68 72

This study shows that the measurement results are repeatable and the maximum standard deviation is 08g In the figure the yellow line corresponds to 1σ the blue line corresponds to 2σ while the black band corresponds to 3σ (σ is the standard deviation and assuming a Gaussian distribution which is equal to the standard deviation)

PRINTED TOUCHMASS SENSOR

LOW State

HIGH State

COMPARATOR

- Low Cost Touch Device

- Weareable Electronic

WHY - Inkjet Printing - Capacitive Interdigitated Printed Sensor - Dielectric Constant Variation - Two Different Conditioning Approach

- Bridge Circuit and Voltage Amplification

- Frequency Modulation Technique

Methodology

IDT Silver Ink

Rubber Dielectric Layer

PET Substrate Protective Layer

Plexiglass Support

PET

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

SENSOR

INA111

RC BRIDGE BUFFER INSTRUM AMPLIFIER

FILTER

RECTIFIER

SENSOR

AC

AMP - +

FILTER + RECTIFIER

CIRCUIT CONDITIONING

ADC DEVICE

GUI amp ACQUISITION WORKSPACE

OSCILLOSCOPE

Printed touch sensor

Working mode

d variation

Tested sensors

Davide Mandragrave

Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge

Advantages

High sensitivity

gt 200 mV

Drawbacks

Offset

waveforms out of

phase

Davide Mandragrave

WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR

But hellip what about x

THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED

∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF

WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g

Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

Printed Heater Device

THE HEATER

The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec

From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

τ = 65 sec

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

Printed Gas Sensors

PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)

bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm

PET Substrate thickness 200um

PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um

EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS

Measurement Set-up

Page 42: Technology….. ….Inkjet Printing - DIEES - Home Page ·  · 2016-12-21Printed Electronics: Inkjet Printed Sensors Overview of Graphic Art Printing systems Why inkjet printing?

Quadratic Calibration Diagram

Saturation

Static friction

Ascending Calibration diagram

Descending Calibration diagram

Why Probabily because at 4 velocity the SG sensor is maximum deform

Why Because at start SG sensor must overcome Static friction

Then reverse the interpolation equation and use the Accuracy Band to obtain

Linear Calibration Diagram with a reduced operating field

But if we working with a reduced operating range for example from velocity 1 at 4 we can use a linear interpolation to obtain linear model

SG MATRIX FOR ESTIMATION

OF DEFORMATIONS OF

KNEE PROSTHESIS INSERT

APPLICATION POINTS

1

2

3

4

5

1

2

3

4

5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

distribuzione interpolata 3D

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Stress Measurement of Prosthesys Insert Layer to Verify Reliability of materials and prosthesys health

Up to 16 Strain Gauge Sensors Miniaturization Strategy

WHY

MUX

Sensing methodology bullSG Technology bullINKJET Printing bullSilver Ink

Implementation of sperimental Set-up

As can be seen from the layout shown in the figure it was tried to obtain a structure that oppose a minimum resistance to the weight application and it had a rigid base on which to fix the power sensor matrix

Implementation of sperimental Set-up

It was necessary to test the repeatability of measurements using the SET-UP shown above because the presence of friction could have affected in a non-negligible effect on the measurements

5 different weights were used and the weight of the structure to build the following graph through 20 different measurements and were calculated by the software Matlab the standard deviation and the mean for each so as to obtain the range of uncertainty of the measurements

1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 640

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80taratura (b=2sigmak=3sigma)

misure (16)

peso

[g]

weights applied[g]

wei

ghts

me

asu

red

[g]

44 50 56 62 68 72

This study shows that the measurement results are repeatable and the maximum standard deviation is 08g In the figure the yellow line corresponds to 1σ the blue line corresponds to 2σ while the black band corresponds to 3σ (σ is the standard deviation and assuming a Gaussian distribution which is equal to the standard deviation)

PRINTED TOUCHMASS SENSOR

LOW State

HIGH State

COMPARATOR

- Low Cost Touch Device

- Weareable Electronic

WHY - Inkjet Printing - Capacitive Interdigitated Printed Sensor - Dielectric Constant Variation - Two Different Conditioning Approach

- Bridge Circuit and Voltage Amplification

- Frequency Modulation Technique

Methodology

IDT Silver Ink

Rubber Dielectric Layer

PET Substrate Protective Layer

Plexiglass Support

PET

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

SENSOR

INA111

RC BRIDGE BUFFER INSTRUM AMPLIFIER

FILTER

RECTIFIER

SENSOR

AC

AMP - +

FILTER + RECTIFIER

CIRCUIT CONDITIONING

ADC DEVICE

GUI amp ACQUISITION WORKSPACE

OSCILLOSCOPE

Printed touch sensor

Working mode

d variation

Tested sensors

Davide Mandragrave

Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge

Advantages

High sensitivity

gt 200 mV

Drawbacks

Offset

waveforms out of

phase

Davide Mandragrave

WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR

But hellip what about x

THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED

∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF

WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g

Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

Printed Heater Device

THE HEATER

The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec

From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

τ = 65 sec

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

Printed Gas Sensors

PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)

bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm

PET Substrate thickness 200um

PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um

EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS

Measurement Set-up

Page 43: Technology….. ….Inkjet Printing - DIEES - Home Page ·  · 2016-12-21Printed Electronics: Inkjet Printed Sensors Overview of Graphic Art Printing systems Why inkjet printing?

Linear Calibration Diagram with a reduced operating field

But if we working with a reduced operating range for example from velocity 1 at 4 we can use a linear interpolation to obtain linear model

SG MATRIX FOR ESTIMATION

OF DEFORMATIONS OF

KNEE PROSTHESIS INSERT

APPLICATION POINTS

1

2

3

4

5

1

2

3

4

5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

distribuzione interpolata 3D

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Stress Measurement of Prosthesys Insert Layer to Verify Reliability of materials and prosthesys health

Up to 16 Strain Gauge Sensors Miniaturization Strategy

WHY

MUX

Sensing methodology bullSG Technology bullINKJET Printing bullSilver Ink

Implementation of sperimental Set-up

As can be seen from the layout shown in the figure it was tried to obtain a structure that oppose a minimum resistance to the weight application and it had a rigid base on which to fix the power sensor matrix

Implementation of sperimental Set-up

It was necessary to test the repeatability of measurements using the SET-UP shown above because the presence of friction could have affected in a non-negligible effect on the measurements

5 different weights were used and the weight of the structure to build the following graph through 20 different measurements and were calculated by the software Matlab the standard deviation and the mean for each so as to obtain the range of uncertainty of the measurements

1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 640

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80taratura (b=2sigmak=3sigma)

misure (16)

peso

[g]

weights applied[g]

wei

ghts

me

asu

red

[g]

44 50 56 62 68 72

This study shows that the measurement results are repeatable and the maximum standard deviation is 08g In the figure the yellow line corresponds to 1σ the blue line corresponds to 2σ while the black band corresponds to 3σ (σ is the standard deviation and assuming a Gaussian distribution which is equal to the standard deviation)

PRINTED TOUCHMASS SENSOR

LOW State

HIGH State

COMPARATOR

- Low Cost Touch Device

- Weareable Electronic

WHY - Inkjet Printing - Capacitive Interdigitated Printed Sensor - Dielectric Constant Variation - Two Different Conditioning Approach

- Bridge Circuit and Voltage Amplification

- Frequency Modulation Technique

Methodology

IDT Silver Ink

Rubber Dielectric Layer

PET Substrate Protective Layer

Plexiglass Support

PET

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

SENSOR

INA111

RC BRIDGE BUFFER INSTRUM AMPLIFIER

FILTER

RECTIFIER

SENSOR

AC

AMP - +

FILTER + RECTIFIER

CIRCUIT CONDITIONING

ADC DEVICE

GUI amp ACQUISITION WORKSPACE

OSCILLOSCOPE

Printed touch sensor

Working mode

d variation

Tested sensors

Davide Mandragrave

Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge

Advantages

High sensitivity

gt 200 mV

Drawbacks

Offset

waveforms out of

phase

Davide Mandragrave

WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR

But hellip what about x

THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED

∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF

WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g

Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

Printed Heater Device

THE HEATER

The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec

From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

τ = 65 sec

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

Printed Gas Sensors

PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)

bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm

PET Substrate thickness 200um

PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um

EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS

Measurement Set-up

Page 44: Technology….. ….Inkjet Printing - DIEES - Home Page ·  · 2016-12-21Printed Electronics: Inkjet Printed Sensors Overview of Graphic Art Printing systems Why inkjet printing?

SG MATRIX FOR ESTIMATION

OF DEFORMATIONS OF

KNEE PROSTHESIS INSERT

APPLICATION POINTS

1

2

3

4

5

1

2

3

4

5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

distribuzione interpolata 3D

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Stress Measurement of Prosthesys Insert Layer to Verify Reliability of materials and prosthesys health

Up to 16 Strain Gauge Sensors Miniaturization Strategy

WHY

MUX

Sensing methodology bullSG Technology bullINKJET Printing bullSilver Ink

Implementation of sperimental Set-up

As can be seen from the layout shown in the figure it was tried to obtain a structure that oppose a minimum resistance to the weight application and it had a rigid base on which to fix the power sensor matrix

Implementation of sperimental Set-up

It was necessary to test the repeatability of measurements using the SET-UP shown above because the presence of friction could have affected in a non-negligible effect on the measurements

5 different weights were used and the weight of the structure to build the following graph through 20 different measurements and were calculated by the software Matlab the standard deviation and the mean for each so as to obtain the range of uncertainty of the measurements

1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 640

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80taratura (b=2sigmak=3sigma)

misure (16)

peso

[g]

weights applied[g]

wei

ghts

me

asu

red

[g]

44 50 56 62 68 72

This study shows that the measurement results are repeatable and the maximum standard deviation is 08g In the figure the yellow line corresponds to 1σ the blue line corresponds to 2σ while the black band corresponds to 3σ (σ is the standard deviation and assuming a Gaussian distribution which is equal to the standard deviation)

PRINTED TOUCHMASS SENSOR

LOW State

HIGH State

COMPARATOR

- Low Cost Touch Device

- Weareable Electronic

WHY - Inkjet Printing - Capacitive Interdigitated Printed Sensor - Dielectric Constant Variation - Two Different Conditioning Approach

- Bridge Circuit and Voltage Amplification

- Frequency Modulation Technique

Methodology

IDT Silver Ink

Rubber Dielectric Layer

PET Substrate Protective Layer

Plexiglass Support

PET

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

SENSOR

INA111

RC BRIDGE BUFFER INSTRUM AMPLIFIER

FILTER

RECTIFIER

SENSOR

AC

AMP - +

FILTER + RECTIFIER

CIRCUIT CONDITIONING

ADC DEVICE

GUI amp ACQUISITION WORKSPACE

OSCILLOSCOPE

Printed touch sensor

Working mode

d variation

Tested sensors

Davide Mandragrave

Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge

Advantages

High sensitivity

gt 200 mV

Drawbacks

Offset

waveforms out of

phase

Davide Mandragrave

WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR

But hellip what about x

THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED

∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF

WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g

Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

Printed Heater Device

THE HEATER

The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec

From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

τ = 65 sec

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

Printed Gas Sensors

PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)

bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm

PET Substrate thickness 200um

PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um

EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS

Measurement Set-up

Page 45: Technology….. ….Inkjet Printing - DIEES - Home Page ·  · 2016-12-21Printed Electronics: Inkjet Printed Sensors Overview of Graphic Art Printing systems Why inkjet printing?

APPLICATION POINTS

1

2

3

4

5

1

2

3

4

5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

distribuzione interpolata 3D

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Stress Measurement of Prosthesys Insert Layer to Verify Reliability of materials and prosthesys health

Up to 16 Strain Gauge Sensors Miniaturization Strategy

WHY

MUX

Sensing methodology bullSG Technology bullINKJET Printing bullSilver Ink

Implementation of sperimental Set-up

As can be seen from the layout shown in the figure it was tried to obtain a structure that oppose a minimum resistance to the weight application and it had a rigid base on which to fix the power sensor matrix

Implementation of sperimental Set-up

It was necessary to test the repeatability of measurements using the SET-UP shown above because the presence of friction could have affected in a non-negligible effect on the measurements

5 different weights were used and the weight of the structure to build the following graph through 20 different measurements and were calculated by the software Matlab the standard deviation and the mean for each so as to obtain the range of uncertainty of the measurements

1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 640

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80taratura (b=2sigmak=3sigma)

misure (16)

peso

[g]

weights applied[g]

wei

ghts

me

asu

red

[g]

44 50 56 62 68 72

This study shows that the measurement results are repeatable and the maximum standard deviation is 08g In the figure the yellow line corresponds to 1σ the blue line corresponds to 2σ while the black band corresponds to 3σ (σ is the standard deviation and assuming a Gaussian distribution which is equal to the standard deviation)

PRINTED TOUCHMASS SENSOR

LOW State

HIGH State

COMPARATOR

- Low Cost Touch Device

- Weareable Electronic

WHY - Inkjet Printing - Capacitive Interdigitated Printed Sensor - Dielectric Constant Variation - Two Different Conditioning Approach

- Bridge Circuit and Voltage Amplification

- Frequency Modulation Technique

Methodology

IDT Silver Ink

Rubber Dielectric Layer

PET Substrate Protective Layer

Plexiglass Support

PET

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

SENSOR

INA111

RC BRIDGE BUFFER INSTRUM AMPLIFIER

FILTER

RECTIFIER

SENSOR

AC

AMP - +

FILTER + RECTIFIER

CIRCUIT CONDITIONING

ADC DEVICE

GUI amp ACQUISITION WORKSPACE

OSCILLOSCOPE

Printed touch sensor

Working mode

d variation

Tested sensors

Davide Mandragrave

Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge

Advantages

High sensitivity

gt 200 mV

Drawbacks

Offset

waveforms out of

phase

Davide Mandragrave

WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR

But hellip what about x

THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED

∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF

WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g

Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

Printed Heater Device

THE HEATER

The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec

From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

τ = 65 sec

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

Printed Gas Sensors

PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)

bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm

PET Substrate thickness 200um

PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um

EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS

Measurement Set-up

Page 46: Technology….. ….Inkjet Printing - DIEES - Home Page ·  · 2016-12-21Printed Electronics: Inkjet Printed Sensors Overview of Graphic Art Printing systems Why inkjet printing?

Implementation of sperimental Set-up

As can be seen from the layout shown in the figure it was tried to obtain a structure that oppose a minimum resistance to the weight application and it had a rigid base on which to fix the power sensor matrix

Implementation of sperimental Set-up

It was necessary to test the repeatability of measurements using the SET-UP shown above because the presence of friction could have affected in a non-negligible effect on the measurements

5 different weights were used and the weight of the structure to build the following graph through 20 different measurements and were calculated by the software Matlab the standard deviation and the mean for each so as to obtain the range of uncertainty of the measurements

1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 640

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80taratura (b=2sigmak=3sigma)

misure (16)

peso

[g]

weights applied[g]

wei

ghts

me

asu

red

[g]

44 50 56 62 68 72

This study shows that the measurement results are repeatable and the maximum standard deviation is 08g In the figure the yellow line corresponds to 1σ the blue line corresponds to 2σ while the black band corresponds to 3σ (σ is the standard deviation and assuming a Gaussian distribution which is equal to the standard deviation)

PRINTED TOUCHMASS SENSOR

LOW State

HIGH State

COMPARATOR

- Low Cost Touch Device

- Weareable Electronic

WHY - Inkjet Printing - Capacitive Interdigitated Printed Sensor - Dielectric Constant Variation - Two Different Conditioning Approach

- Bridge Circuit and Voltage Amplification

- Frequency Modulation Technique

Methodology

IDT Silver Ink

Rubber Dielectric Layer

PET Substrate Protective Layer

Plexiglass Support

PET

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

SENSOR

INA111

RC BRIDGE BUFFER INSTRUM AMPLIFIER

FILTER

RECTIFIER

SENSOR

AC

AMP - +

FILTER + RECTIFIER

CIRCUIT CONDITIONING

ADC DEVICE

GUI amp ACQUISITION WORKSPACE

OSCILLOSCOPE

Printed touch sensor

Working mode

d variation

Tested sensors

Davide Mandragrave

Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge

Advantages

High sensitivity

gt 200 mV

Drawbacks

Offset

waveforms out of

phase

Davide Mandragrave

WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR

But hellip what about x

THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED

∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF

WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g

Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

Printed Heater Device

THE HEATER

The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec

From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

τ = 65 sec

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

Printed Gas Sensors

PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)

bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm

PET Substrate thickness 200um

PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um

EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS

Measurement Set-up

Page 47: Technology….. ….Inkjet Printing - DIEES - Home Page ·  · 2016-12-21Printed Electronics: Inkjet Printed Sensors Overview of Graphic Art Printing systems Why inkjet printing?

Implementation of sperimental Set-up

It was necessary to test the repeatability of measurements using the SET-UP shown above because the presence of friction could have affected in a non-negligible effect on the measurements

5 different weights were used and the weight of the structure to build the following graph through 20 different measurements and were calculated by the software Matlab the standard deviation and the mean for each so as to obtain the range of uncertainty of the measurements

1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 640

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80taratura (b=2sigmak=3sigma)

misure (16)

peso

[g]

weights applied[g]

wei

ghts

me

asu

red

[g]

44 50 56 62 68 72

This study shows that the measurement results are repeatable and the maximum standard deviation is 08g In the figure the yellow line corresponds to 1σ the blue line corresponds to 2σ while the black band corresponds to 3σ (σ is the standard deviation and assuming a Gaussian distribution which is equal to the standard deviation)

PRINTED TOUCHMASS SENSOR

LOW State

HIGH State

COMPARATOR

- Low Cost Touch Device

- Weareable Electronic

WHY - Inkjet Printing - Capacitive Interdigitated Printed Sensor - Dielectric Constant Variation - Two Different Conditioning Approach

- Bridge Circuit and Voltage Amplification

- Frequency Modulation Technique

Methodology

IDT Silver Ink

Rubber Dielectric Layer

PET Substrate Protective Layer

Plexiglass Support

PET

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

SENSOR

INA111

RC BRIDGE BUFFER INSTRUM AMPLIFIER

FILTER

RECTIFIER

SENSOR

AC

AMP - +

FILTER + RECTIFIER

CIRCUIT CONDITIONING

ADC DEVICE

GUI amp ACQUISITION WORKSPACE

OSCILLOSCOPE

Printed touch sensor

Working mode

d variation

Tested sensors

Davide Mandragrave

Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge

Advantages

High sensitivity

gt 200 mV

Drawbacks

Offset

waveforms out of

phase

Davide Mandragrave

WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR

But hellip what about x

THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED

∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF

WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g

Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

Printed Heater Device

THE HEATER

The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec

From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

τ = 65 sec

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

Printed Gas Sensors

PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)

bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm

PET Substrate thickness 200um

PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um

EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS

Measurement Set-up

Page 48: Technology….. ….Inkjet Printing - DIEES - Home Page ·  · 2016-12-21Printed Electronics: Inkjet Printed Sensors Overview of Graphic Art Printing systems Why inkjet printing?

It was necessary to test the repeatability of measurements using the SET-UP shown above because the presence of friction could have affected in a non-negligible effect on the measurements

5 different weights were used and the weight of the structure to build the following graph through 20 different measurements and were calculated by the software Matlab the standard deviation and the mean for each so as to obtain the range of uncertainty of the measurements

1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 640

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80taratura (b=2sigmak=3sigma)

misure (16)

peso

[g]

weights applied[g]

wei

ghts

me

asu

red

[g]

44 50 56 62 68 72

This study shows that the measurement results are repeatable and the maximum standard deviation is 08g In the figure the yellow line corresponds to 1σ the blue line corresponds to 2σ while the black band corresponds to 3σ (σ is the standard deviation and assuming a Gaussian distribution which is equal to the standard deviation)

PRINTED TOUCHMASS SENSOR

LOW State

HIGH State

COMPARATOR

- Low Cost Touch Device

- Weareable Electronic

WHY - Inkjet Printing - Capacitive Interdigitated Printed Sensor - Dielectric Constant Variation - Two Different Conditioning Approach

- Bridge Circuit and Voltage Amplification

- Frequency Modulation Technique

Methodology

IDT Silver Ink

Rubber Dielectric Layer

PET Substrate Protective Layer

Plexiglass Support

PET

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

SENSOR

INA111

RC BRIDGE BUFFER INSTRUM AMPLIFIER

FILTER

RECTIFIER

SENSOR

AC

AMP - +

FILTER + RECTIFIER

CIRCUIT CONDITIONING

ADC DEVICE

GUI amp ACQUISITION WORKSPACE

OSCILLOSCOPE

Printed touch sensor

Working mode

d variation

Tested sensors

Davide Mandragrave

Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge

Advantages

High sensitivity

gt 200 mV

Drawbacks

Offset

waveforms out of

phase

Davide Mandragrave

WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR

But hellip what about x

THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED

∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF

WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g

Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

Printed Heater Device

THE HEATER

The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec

From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

τ = 65 sec

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

Printed Gas Sensors

PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)

bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm

PET Substrate thickness 200um

PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um

EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS

Measurement Set-up

Page 49: Technology….. ….Inkjet Printing - DIEES - Home Page ·  · 2016-12-21Printed Electronics: Inkjet Printed Sensors Overview of Graphic Art Printing systems Why inkjet printing?

PRINTED TOUCHMASS SENSOR

LOW State

HIGH State

COMPARATOR

- Low Cost Touch Device

- Weareable Electronic

WHY - Inkjet Printing - Capacitive Interdigitated Printed Sensor - Dielectric Constant Variation - Two Different Conditioning Approach

- Bridge Circuit and Voltage Amplification

- Frequency Modulation Technique

Methodology

IDT Silver Ink

Rubber Dielectric Layer

PET Substrate Protective Layer

Plexiglass Support

PET

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

SENSOR

INA111

RC BRIDGE BUFFER INSTRUM AMPLIFIER

FILTER

RECTIFIER

SENSOR

AC

AMP - +

FILTER + RECTIFIER

CIRCUIT CONDITIONING

ADC DEVICE

GUI amp ACQUISITION WORKSPACE

OSCILLOSCOPE

Printed touch sensor

Working mode

d variation

Tested sensors

Davide Mandragrave

Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge

Advantages

High sensitivity

gt 200 mV

Drawbacks

Offset

waveforms out of

phase

Davide Mandragrave

WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR

But hellip what about x

THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED

∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF

WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g

Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

Printed Heater Device

THE HEATER

The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec

From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

τ = 65 sec

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

Printed Gas Sensors

PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)

bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm

PET Substrate thickness 200um

PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um

EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS

Measurement Set-up

Page 50: Technology….. ….Inkjet Printing - DIEES - Home Page ·  · 2016-12-21Printed Electronics: Inkjet Printed Sensors Overview of Graphic Art Printing systems Why inkjet printing?

LOW State

HIGH State

COMPARATOR

- Low Cost Touch Device

- Weareable Electronic

WHY - Inkjet Printing - Capacitive Interdigitated Printed Sensor - Dielectric Constant Variation - Two Different Conditioning Approach

- Bridge Circuit and Voltage Amplification

- Frequency Modulation Technique

Methodology

IDT Silver Ink

Rubber Dielectric Layer

PET Substrate Protective Layer

Plexiglass Support

PET

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

SENSOR

INA111

RC BRIDGE BUFFER INSTRUM AMPLIFIER

FILTER

RECTIFIER

SENSOR

AC

AMP - +

FILTER + RECTIFIER

CIRCUIT CONDITIONING

ADC DEVICE

GUI amp ACQUISITION WORKSPACE

OSCILLOSCOPE

Printed touch sensor

Working mode

d variation

Tested sensors

Davide Mandragrave

Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge

Advantages

High sensitivity

gt 200 mV

Drawbacks

Offset

waveforms out of

phase

Davide Mandragrave

WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR

But hellip what about x

THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED

∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF

WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g

Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

Printed Heater Device

THE HEATER

The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec

From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

τ = 65 sec

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

Printed Gas Sensors

PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)

bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm

PET Substrate thickness 200um

PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um

EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS

Measurement Set-up

Page 51: Technology….. ….Inkjet Printing - DIEES - Home Page ·  · 2016-12-21Printed Electronics: Inkjet Printed Sensors Overview of Graphic Art Printing systems Why inkjet printing?

IDT Silver Ink

Rubber Dielectric Layer

PET Substrate Protective Layer

Plexiglass Support

PET

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

SENSOR

INA111

RC BRIDGE BUFFER INSTRUM AMPLIFIER

FILTER

RECTIFIER

SENSOR

AC

AMP - +

FILTER + RECTIFIER

CIRCUIT CONDITIONING

ADC DEVICE

GUI amp ACQUISITION WORKSPACE

OSCILLOSCOPE

Printed touch sensor

Working mode

d variation

Tested sensors

Davide Mandragrave

Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge

Advantages

High sensitivity

gt 200 mV

Drawbacks

Offset

waveforms out of

phase

Davide Mandragrave

WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR

But hellip what about x

THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED

∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF

WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g

Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

Printed Heater Device

THE HEATER

The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec

From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

τ = 65 sec

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

Printed Gas Sensors

PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)

bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm

PET Substrate thickness 200um

PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um

EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS

Measurement Set-up

Page 52: Technology….. ….Inkjet Printing - DIEES - Home Page ·  · 2016-12-21Printed Electronics: Inkjet Printed Sensors Overview of Graphic Art Printing systems Why inkjet printing?

SENSOR

INA111

RC BRIDGE BUFFER INSTRUM AMPLIFIER

FILTER

RECTIFIER

SENSOR

AC

AMP - +

FILTER + RECTIFIER

CIRCUIT CONDITIONING

ADC DEVICE

GUI amp ACQUISITION WORKSPACE

OSCILLOSCOPE

Printed touch sensor

Working mode

d variation

Tested sensors

Davide Mandragrave

Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge

Advantages

High sensitivity

gt 200 mV

Drawbacks

Offset

waveforms out of

phase

Davide Mandragrave

WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR

But hellip what about x

THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED

∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF

WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g

Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

Printed Heater Device

THE HEATER

The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec

From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

τ = 65 sec

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

Printed Gas Sensors

PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)

bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm

PET Substrate thickness 200um

PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um

EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS

Measurement Set-up

Page 53: Technology….. ….Inkjet Printing - DIEES - Home Page ·  · 2016-12-21Printed Electronics: Inkjet Printed Sensors Overview of Graphic Art Printing systems Why inkjet printing?

SENSOR

AC

AMP - +

FILTER + RECTIFIER

CIRCUIT CONDITIONING

ADC DEVICE

GUI amp ACQUISITION WORKSPACE

OSCILLOSCOPE

Printed touch sensor

Working mode

d variation

Tested sensors

Davide Mandragrave

Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge

Advantages

High sensitivity

gt 200 mV

Drawbacks

Offset

waveforms out of

phase

Davide Mandragrave

WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR

But hellip what about x

THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED

∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF

WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g

Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

Printed Heater Device

THE HEATER

The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec

From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

τ = 65 sec

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

Printed Gas Sensors

PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)

bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm

PET Substrate thickness 200um

PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um

EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS

Measurement Set-up

Page 54: Technology….. ….Inkjet Printing - DIEES - Home Page ·  · 2016-12-21Printed Electronics: Inkjet Printed Sensors Overview of Graphic Art Printing systems Why inkjet printing?

Printed touch sensor

Working mode

d variation

Tested sensors

Davide Mandragrave

Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge

Advantages

High sensitivity

gt 200 mV

Drawbacks

Offset

waveforms out of

phase

Davide Mandragrave

WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR

But hellip what about x

THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED

∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF

WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g

Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

Printed Heater Device

THE HEATER

The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec

From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

τ = 65 sec

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

Printed Gas Sensors

PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)

bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm

PET Substrate thickness 200um

PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um

EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS

Measurement Set-up

Page 55: Technology….. ….Inkjet Printing - DIEES - Home Page ·  · 2016-12-21Printed Electronics: Inkjet Printed Sensors Overview of Graphic Art Printing systems Why inkjet printing?

Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge

Advantages

High sensitivity

gt 200 mV

Drawbacks

Offset

waveforms out of

phase

Davide Mandragrave

WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR

But hellip what about x

THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED

∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF

WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g

Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

Printed Heater Device

THE HEATER

The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec

From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

τ = 65 sec

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

Printed Gas Sensors

PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)

bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm

PET Substrate thickness 200um

PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um

EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS

Measurement Set-up

Page 56: Technology….. ….Inkjet Printing - DIEES - Home Page ·  · 2016-12-21Printed Electronics: Inkjet Printed Sensors Overview of Graphic Art Printing systems Why inkjet printing?

WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR

But hellip what about x

THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED

∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF

WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g

Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

Printed Heater Device

THE HEATER

The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec

From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

τ = 65 sec

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

Printed Gas Sensors

PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)

bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm

PET Substrate thickness 200um

PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um

EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS

Measurement Set-up

Page 57: Technology….. ….Inkjet Printing - DIEES - Home Page ·  · 2016-12-21Printed Electronics: Inkjet Printed Sensors Overview of Graphic Art Printing systems Why inkjet printing?

WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g

Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

Printed Heater Device

THE HEATER

The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec

From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

τ = 65 sec

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

Printed Gas Sensors

PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)

bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm

PET Substrate thickness 200um

PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um

EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS

Measurement Set-up

Page 58: Technology….. ….Inkjet Printing - DIEES - Home Page ·  · 2016-12-21Printed Electronics: Inkjet Printed Sensors Overview of Graphic Art Printing systems Why inkjet printing?

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g

Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

Printed Heater Device

THE HEATER

The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec

From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

τ = 65 sec

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

Printed Gas Sensors

PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)

bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm

PET Substrate thickness 200um

PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um

EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS

Measurement Set-up

Page 59: Technology….. ….Inkjet Printing - DIEES - Home Page ·  · 2016-12-21Printed Electronics: Inkjet Printed Sensors Overview of Graphic Art Printing systems Why inkjet printing?

bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC

bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g

Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples

Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V

Gaetano Emanuele Lopez

Printed Heater Device

THE HEATER

The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec

From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

τ = 65 sec

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

Printed Gas Sensors

PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)

bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm

PET Substrate thickness 200um

PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um

EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS

Measurement Set-up

Page 60: Technology….. ….Inkjet Printing - DIEES - Home Page ·  · 2016-12-21Printed Electronics: Inkjet Printed Sensors Overview of Graphic Art Printing systems Why inkjet printing?

Printed Heater Device

THE HEATER

The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec

From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

τ = 65 sec

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

Printed Gas Sensors

PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)

bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm

PET Substrate thickness 200um

PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um

EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS

Measurement Set-up

Page 61: Technology….. ….Inkjet Printing - DIEES - Home Page ·  · 2016-12-21Printed Electronics: Inkjet Printed Sensors Overview of Graphic Art Printing systems Why inkjet printing?

THE HEATER

The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec

From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

τ = 65 sec

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

Printed Gas Sensors

PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)

bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm

PET Substrate thickness 200um

PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um

EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS

Measurement Set-up

Page 62: Technology….. ….Inkjet Printing - DIEES - Home Page ·  · 2016-12-21Printed Electronics: Inkjet Printed Sensors Overview of Graphic Art Printing systems Why inkjet printing?

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec

From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

τ = 65 sec

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

Printed Gas Sensors

PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)

bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm

PET Substrate thickness 200um

PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um

EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS

Measurement Set-up

Page 63: Technology….. ….Inkjet Printing - DIEES - Home Page ·  · 2016-12-21Printed Electronics: Inkjet Printed Sensors Overview of Graphic Art Printing systems Why inkjet printing?

PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER

RESULTS

From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec

Printed Gas Sensors

PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)

bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm

PET Substrate thickness 200um

PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um

EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS

Measurement Set-up

Page 64: Technology….. ….Inkjet Printing - DIEES - Home Page ·  · 2016-12-21Printed Electronics: Inkjet Printed Sensors Overview of Graphic Art Printing systems Why inkjet printing?

Printed Gas Sensors

PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)

bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm

PET Substrate thickness 200um

PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um

EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS

Measurement Set-up

Page 65: Technology….. ….Inkjet Printing - DIEES - Home Page ·  · 2016-12-21Printed Electronics: Inkjet Printed Sensors Overview of Graphic Art Printing systems Why inkjet printing?

PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)

bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm

PET Substrate thickness 200um

PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um

EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS

Measurement Set-up

Page 66: Technology….. ….Inkjet Printing - DIEES - Home Page ·  · 2016-12-21Printed Electronics: Inkjet Printed Sensors Overview of Graphic Art Printing systems Why inkjet printing?

DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR

IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm

PET Substrate thickness 200um

PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um

EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS

Measurement Set-up

Page 67: Technology….. ….Inkjet Printing - DIEES - Home Page ·  · 2016-12-21Printed Electronics: Inkjet Printed Sensors Overview of Graphic Art Printing systems Why inkjet printing?

EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS

Measurement Set-up

Page 68: Technology….. ….Inkjet Printing - DIEES - Home Page ·  · 2016-12-21Printed Electronics: Inkjet Printed Sensors Overview of Graphic Art Printing systems Why inkjet printing?

Measurement Set-up

Page 69: Technology….. ….Inkjet Printing - DIEES - Home Page ·  · 2016-12-21Printed Electronics: Inkjet Printed Sensors Overview of Graphic Art Printing systems Why inkjet printing?

Recommended