TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS FOR COST EFFECTIVE HOUSING

Naveed Anwar, PhDVice President, Knowledge Transfer

Executive Director, AIT Solutions

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What we can observe from

these indigenous

solutions

• Land is either free or is self owned

• The construction materials are either free or readily available near site

• The construction process is simple, can be done by self help

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What Indigenous

Solutions may Lack?

• Not engineered – Difficult to “design”

• Low resilience to natural hazards

• Often specific to location, culture, weather, time

• Mostly suitable for rural and sub-urban context

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Engineering the

“Indigenous” Solutions

• An attempt to bring materials, technology, design and fabrication to solve issues

• Difficult to find or transport materials

• Difficult to train people to build

• Difficult to satisfy building regulations and codes

Developing Technologies for Cost Effective (Affordable) Solutions

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Housing for All ?

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Subsidized/Provided

Some Affordability

Poverty

Low Income

Middle Income

Upper Income

Supper Rich

100% Households

80% Households(For example)

Technology Relevance

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Indigenous

Ru

ral

Urb

an/S

ub

-Urb

an

0% Households

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Using a Systematic Technology Approach

Materials

Products

Components

System

Manufacturing

Fabrication, Forming

Assembly

Construction

ErectionAssembly

Integration

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Technology

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Level

Low Tech High Tech

Application

Flexible Use Pre-engineered

Construction Basis

Manual Mechanized

Usage

Self enabling Provider Source only

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Systems

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Assembly

On-site Pre Assembled

Complexity

Simple Complex

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Components

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Fabrication

On-site Pre Fabricated

Size

Small Large

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Materials

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SourcesIndigenous, Local Imported

NatureNatural Synthetic

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Various Models that Tackle Affordability

Airline Model

Insurance Model

University Model

Loyalty Model

Packaged housing Model

CSR Model

Loyalty Programs

Barter Model

Google Model

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AHP for System Selection

• Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to evaluate various technologies with appropriate emphasis on performance indicators

• Create multi-level criteria for evaluation

• Select Weightage based on local, project and particular item conditions

• Relevance of various hazards

• Local availability of materials and labor

• Cost considerations

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Not to Underestimate the Significance of Integrated

Disaster Resilience and Environmental Sustainability

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Low Disaster Resilience

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Built

Environment

Vulnerability to

Disasters

Environmental

Impact

Climate Change

(CC)

Increased

Hazard

Disaster Consequences

Environmental

Sustainability

(ES)

Disaster

Resilience

(DR)

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Climate

Change

Environmental

Sustainability

Population

Growth

Urbanization and Un-

planned development

Inappropriate

Built

Environment

Lack of Resources

for Communities

Lack of post-event management and recovery, and re-bound capacity

Natural

Phenomena

Disaster Hazard Exposure Vulnerability

Increased

Consequences

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DR and ES – Need for Integration

Disaster Resilience Environmental Sustainability

• Water Conservation

• Energy Conservation

• Soil Conservation

• Resources Conservation

• Pollution

• ----

• (Reduce, Recycle, Reuse, Renew, …)

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• Wind, Storms, Hurricanes

• Earthquakes

• Landslides

• Floods

• Volcanos

• Snow, Fire, Wild Fire

• ---

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Build to last – Better for DR and ES

“Durability and longer building life span can benefit both ES and DR”

Enhancing Disaster Resilience of Buildings

Enhanced Durability

Reduce need to rebuild

Resource Conservation

Less Rehabilitation

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How use of Technology can benefit

• Improve the Resilience and Sustainability

• Help to reduce cost and minimize use of resources

• Bring larger group in affordability bracket• Increase profit margin for developer

• Reduce construction time • Get more housing in market quickly to reduce gap• Decrease tur around time for developer

• Improve quality of construction and built environment

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A Couple of Examples !

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Nepal Earthquake - 2015

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P l i n t h

P i l e

F o u n d a t i o n

S i l l L e v e l

L i n t e l L e v e l

W i n d o w

C a s t - i n S i t u

M i c r o C o n c r e t e P a n s

I n t e r l o c k i n g B l o c k

C o n c r e t e J o i s t

D o o r

M C R R o o f i n g

T i l e s

AIT, Habitech Solution

Sub Urban Solution

24S l ab

P i l e

F o u n dat i o n

S i l l L e ve l

L i n t e l L e ve l

W i n do w

C o n c re t e B e am

D o o r

C o n c re t e J o i s t

C as t I n -S i t u

M C Pan

Rural Solution

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Precast Technology moving ahead

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SCG M Building Components and Materials

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PC ComponentsIzhar Group Pakistan

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Pruksa Building Systems

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Progression of Precast Systems

• Precast components

• Pre cast panels

• Prefabricated Bathroom Units (PBU)

• Industrialized Delivery Systems

• Prefabricated, Pre-finished Volumetric Construction (PPVC)

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Robotics in Construction

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3D Printing – Now a Reality

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Innovative System Approaches

• Integrated Digital Delivery (IDD)

• Design for Manufacturing and Assembly (DFMA)

• Divergent Dwelling Design (D3)

• Drone/image based construction management

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Will all of this help to provide housing to the

Bottom Tier of the Society ?

Thank you …