Light Combat Aircraft - TEJAS

Made In India

TEJAS

Tejas is a lightweight multi-role jet fighter developed by India. It is a tailless, compound delta wing design powered by a single engine. It came from the LCA programme, which began in the 1980s to replace India's aging MiG-21 fighters

The Need

Indian Aerospace Self Reliance

TEJAS

It is the smallest lightweight, multi-role, single-engine tactical fighter aircraft in the world and is being developed in single-seat fighter and twin seat trainer variants for the Indian Air Force and Indian Navy.

Tejas

Frugal fuel consumption and inbuilt air refueling capability

Tejas

She rockets off the runway and into the air in a mere 500 meters

Tejas

Dimensions Weights Aircraft Performance

Wing Span 8.2 m Take off weight (clean)

9500 kg Max Speed

Mach 1.6 / 1350 Kmph (CAS)

Length 13.2 m

Take off weight (max)

13200 kg Max ‘g’ +8 to -3.5

Height Overall 4.4 m     Service

Ceiling 15 km

Tejas - Engine

F404-GE-IN20Dimensions: Diameter 890 mm, Length 3.9 m Weights: Max Weight 1,035 kg (2,282 lb) Engines Performance: Thrust 9,163 kg (20,200 lb)

Engine Testing

Material

Weapons

The Tejas is designed to carry a veritable plethora of air to air, air to surface, precision guided and standoff weaponry. In the air to air arena, the Tejas carries long range beyond visual range weapons, with highly agile high off-boresight missiles to tackle any close combat threat. A wide variety of air to ground munitions and an extremely accurate navigation and attack system allow it to prosecute surface targets over land or at sea with unparalleled accuracy, giving the Tejas true multi/swing role capability.

The Makers

• Also many Indian Public & private sector industries and academic institutions.

Phases

Phase 1 - TECHNOLOGY DEMONSTRATION STAGE (TD-1 & 2)The focus in this phase was on ‘proof of concept’. It entailed the development and testing of two technology demonstrator aircraft. These aircraft were called TD-1 and TD-2. The decision to move forward was to be taken after the successful completion of this phase. This would be followed by the production of additional prototype vehicles. There were teething issues during this phase and finally TD-1 flew on 04 January 2001 with Wing Commander Rajiv Kothiyal on the controls. The significance of this golden-day in the history of Indian aviation can be gauged by the fact that the last time an indigenous aircraft had got airborne was almost 40 years ago on 17 June 1961.

Phase 2 - ADDITIONAL TESTING PHASE (PV-1, PV-2, PV-3 and PV-5)This phase consisted of additional testing and development of systems using Prototype Vehicles which would lead to the development of the final variant that would join the IAF and the Indian Navy. The first Prototype Vehicle, PV-1 flew on 25 November 2003. By 2005, the Tejas had proven itself in the testing phase and the first order for 20 Series Production aircrafts was placed. A follow on order for an additional 20 SP aircraft was placed in 2010.

Phases

Timeline

1983- DRDO got permission to initiate a programme to design and develop a Light Combat Aircraft.

1984 -GOIset up Aeronautical Development Agency (ADA) as the nodal agency developing the LCA program

1985- IAF generated Air Staff Requirements (ASR) for LCA in October 1985.1986 - Government allocated Rs. 575 Crores for the LCA programme to develop an

indigenous power plant (engine)- Kaveri was launched at GTRE.

1987- Project definition commenced in October 1987 with French aircraft major Dassault Aviation as consultants.

1988- Project definition phase completed in September 1988.1989- Government review committee expressed confidence in LCA programme. It was decided that the

programme will be implemented in two phases.1990- Design of LCA was completed as a tail-less compound delta winged relaxed static stability aircraft.

Timeline

Phase 1 (Technology Demonstrator) was commenced to create the proof of concept.1993 - Full funding approved from April 1993 and dev. work for phase 1 started in June.1995 -First technology demonstrator, TD-1, rolled out on 17th November.1997 -Multi-Mode Radar (MMR) for LCA design work started at HAL Hyderabad and LRDE.

Timeline

THE FIRST FLIGHT – The First Man!

2001 - The Tejas first flight took place on 04 January 2001 with Wg. Cdr. Rajiv Kothiyal on the controls. It was a red-letter day in the history of Indian aviation. On 4th Jan was the historic first flight of the Technology Demonstrator TD-1 marking a new era in the aviation history of India.

2002 - 6th June - TD-2 made her successful maiden flight.2003 - Prime minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee named LCA – "Tejas" meaning Radiance in

ancient Indian language Sanskrit. Tejas crossed the sonic barrier for the first time25th November - PV-1 made her successful maiden flight

Timeline

LCA was renamed to ‘Tejas’ in the presence of Prime Minister A.B. Vajpayee and other eminent dignitaries

on 4 May 2003.

2005 - 1st December - PV-2 made her successful maiden flight.2006 - 1st December - PV-3 flew for the first time for 27 minutes at an altitude

of 2.5 km and at a speed of Mach 0.8. PV-3 was equipped with a more advanced pilot interface, refined avionics and higher control law capabilities compared with the previous versions.

Timeline

2007• 25th April - The first Limited Series Production LCA (LSP-1) made her first flight and reached a speed

of Mach 1.1 in the very first flight.• PV-2 and PV-3 underwent sea-level trials at INS Rajali Naval Air Station, Arakkonam to study the

effects of flying at sea-level, as all earlier trials have been conducted at Bangalore which is 3,000 feet (910 m) above sea-level. The reliability of the LCA systems under the hot and humid conditions, as well as low level flight characteristics was tested.

• 7th September - Tejas Prototype Vehicle (PV-1) made a successful flight with two external drop tanks of 800 Ltrs capacity.

• 25th October - Tejas PV-1 fired R-73 (CCM) missile for the first time. The trials were conducted off the Goa coast at INS Hansa Naval Air Station.

• 11th December - LITENING targeting pod was successfully tested on Tejas PV-2.

200828th May 2008 to 4th June 2008 - LCA Tejas prototypes PV-2 & PV-3 underwent hot weather

trials at Air Force Station, Nagpur.16th June - Tejas second Limited Series Production LCA (LSP-2) made its first flight.7th November - LCA Prototype Vehicle-3 made first successful night flight.13th December - PV-3 and LSP-2 completed the high altitude test at Leh, world's highest

operational airfield.

200922nd January - Tejas completed 1000 flights.October - PV-3 and LSP-2 completed air-to-ground weapons delivery trials.26th November - Two seater (Trainer) version of Tejas (PV-5) made its maiden flight7th December - Tejas speed envelope expanded to 1350 km/h (CAS) while performing flight

flutter test in a dive to near sea level. These tests were conducted at INS Hansa, Goa.

20106th June - TD-2 made her successful maiden flight.23rd April - LCA Tejas LSP-3 made maiden flight. LSP-3 is close to the final configuration including the new air-data

computers, Hybrid Multi Mode Radar, new communication and navigation equipment and radar warning receiver. With this the LCA program me has completed 1350 test flights logging about 800 flying hours.

2nd June - LCA Tejas LSP-4 made successful maiden Flight. In addition to the LSP-3 standard of preparation, the aircraft also flew with the Countermeasure Dispensing System.

19 November - LCA Tejas LSP-5 made successful maiden Flight.

201110th January - Certification for the Release to Service.20129th March - The Tejas Light Combat Aircraft, LSP-7 accomplished its maiden flight from HAL

airport on 9th March 201229th April - The Naval version of the Indian Light Combat Aircraft Tejas, made its maiden flight

from the HAL airport in Bangalore. This was a significant milestone in the history of Indian Aviation in designing a naval variant of a fighter aircraft.

201322nd February - The LCA took part in the

Iron Fist Exercise in Pokhran, Jaisalmer31st March - The Tejas Light Combat Aircraft, LSP-8 accomplished its maiden flight from HAL airport.20th Decemeber: LCA Tejas inducted into the Indian Air Force

Indian Defense Minister Mr. A.K. Antony handed over the "Release to Service Document" of the country’s own Light Combat Aircraft to The Chief of Air Staff Air Chief Marshal NAK Browne.

Tejas has an Advanced Radar

The coherent pulse-Doppler Multi Mode Radar is designed to operate equally effectively in the Air to Air and Air to Surface domains. Jointly developed as an Indian – Israeli venture, it features multi-target Air to Air Track, Hi Resolution Synthetic Aperture Mapping and specialized Air to Sea modes. The radar facilitates all weather employment of a variety of Air to Air and Air to Surface Weaponry, and is the primary targeting sensor on the Tejas.

You know that, no… To train is costly, not to train is costlier?

The 2-Seater Tejas ‘Trainer Variant’

I Know u’r looking for it … A Comparison between Tejas and JF17 of Pakistan/China

Technical Specs LCA Tejas (MK1)  JF-17 (Pakistan/China)Crew 1 in Combat & 2 in Trainer 1 onlyLength 13.20 m (43 ft 4 in) 14.0 m (45.9 ft)Wingspan 8.20 m (26 ft 11 in) 9.45 m - including 2 wingtip missiles 31 ftHeight 4.40 m (14 ft 9 in) 4.77 m (15 ft 8 in)Wing area 38.4 m² (413 ft²) 24.4 m² (263 ft²)Empty weight 6,560 kg (14,460 lb) 6,411 kg (14,134 lb)Loaded weight 10,500 kg (23,100 lb) 9,100 kg (20,062 lb)Max takeoff weight 13,300 kg (29,540 lb) 12,700 kg (28,000 lb)Powerplant 1 × General Electric F404-GE-IN20 turbofan 1 × Klimov RD-93 or WS-13 turbofanDry thrust 53.9 kN (11,250 lbf) 49.4 kN /51.2 kN (11,106 lbf / 11,510 lbf)

Thrust with afterburner 85 kN (19,000 lbf)84.4 kN/86.36 kN (18,973 lbf / 19,391

lbf)G-limit +8 to -3.5 g +8.5 gInternal Fuel Capacity 2,458 kg 2300 kg (5,130 lb)

Maximum speed Mach 1.8 (2,376+ km/h at high altitude) at

15,000 m Mach 1.8(1,191 knots, 2,205 km/h)Ferry range Range: 3,000 km (1,840 mi) without refueling 3,480 km (1,880 NM = 2,160 mi)Service ceiling 15,250 m (50,000 ft  16,920 m (55,500 ft)Thrust/weight 0.91 0.95 Other Features Wing loading: 221.4 kg/m² (45.35 lb/ft²) Combat radius: 1,352 km (840 mi)

External fuel capacity: 2x 1,200 lit drop tank at inboard, 1x 725 litre drop tank under

fuselage

Eminent Scientists and World Aerospace Communities believe Tejas is a superior aircraft than JF17

Cost

• LCA Program cost is US$1.2 billion • Unit cost of Tejas is Rs 162 Crores (US$27 million) (Mark I)• The Sukhoi-30MKI, a heavier and, therefore, more expensive fighter that HAL builds in

Nashik, currently costs the IAF more than Rs 400 crore ($65 million) each. • The Rafale medium multi-role fighter, which is currently being negotiated with Dassault,

could cost between Rs 750 crore and Rs 850 crore ($120-140 million) each.

Thanks & Jai Hind!!

SLEEP well my MOTHER... SLEEP well my FATHER...,another beautiful dawn is on its way SLEEP well my SISTER...SLEEP well my BROTHER...,there are still stars in the sky SLEEP well my DAUGHTER...SLEEP well my SON...,may all your dreams be sweetSLEEP well my MOTHERLAND..when i watch over u form far above I WILL LET NOTHING COME BETWEEN ME AND ALL THAT I LOVE!!! - "Guardians of the Skies" - Indian Air Force

Sources

• http://www.tejas.gov.in/• http://indianairforce.nic.in/• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HAL_Tejas• http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/hal-pegs-price

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Compiled by Sandeep Sahoo, Bhilai