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Telecommunication

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TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM
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Page 1: Telecommunication

TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM

Page 2: Telecommunication

TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMTELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM

Telecommunication includes :Telecommunication includes :

i)i) Main telephonesMain telephonesii)ii) Internal communication telephonesInternal communication telephonesiii)iii) Paging and alarm systemPaging and alarm systemiv)iv) RadioRadiov)v) Other specialist equipment Other specialist equipment

Page 3: Telecommunication

TELECOMMUNICATION TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMSYSTEM

Telekom Malaysia (TM) is the company which provide Telekom Malaysia (TM) is the company which provide the telephone service in Malaysia. A cabled the telephone service in Malaysia. A cabled infrastructure for the telephone service has been infrastructure for the telephone service has been installed by TM which consist of :installed by TM which consist of :

i) Telephone linesi) Telephone linesii) Exchangerii) Exchangeriii) Distribution frames and telephone cabinetsiii) Distribution frames and telephone cabinetsiv) Distribution pointsiv) Distribution points

The subscriber also requires a telephone wiring The subscriber also requires a telephone wiring infrastructure within his building. If the building has infrastructure within his building. If the building has many telephone users, then he may have a premise many telephone users, then he may have a premise telephone system.telephone system.

Page 4: Telecommunication

Meaning of a telephone number

Page 5: Telecommunication

TELECOMMUNICATION TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMSYSTEM

TM TELEPHONE SYSTEM TM TELEPHONE SYSTEM Services serve into building categories :Services serve into building categories :

Category 1Category 1 Category 2Category 2 Category 3Category 3

Type of Type of buildingbuilding

> 5 storey> 5 storey 5 storey & 5 storey & belowbelow

Residential,Residential,Bungalow &Bungalow &Terrace Terrace househouse

Size of Size of incoming incoming cablecable

Cable with Cable with more than 50 more than 50 lineslines

Cable with Cable with less than 50 less than 50 lineslines

Few linesFew lines

Floor areaFloor area Less than Less than 7000 sq ft7000 sq ft

Less than Less than 7000 sq ft7000 sq ft

No limitNo limit

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TELECOMMUNICATION TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMSYSTEM

Category 1 Buildings (Category 1 Buildings (> 5 storey)> 5 storey)

For this category (large buildings), at the point For this category (large buildings), at the point just before the buried telephone cable enters just before the buried telephone cable enters the building, a jointing chamber will be built.the building, a jointing chamber will be built.

This jointing chamber can either be a manhole This jointing chamber can either be a manhole (for a cable with more than 400 lines) or joint (for a cable with more than 400 lines) or joint box (for cable with less than 400 lines) and is box (for cable with less than 400 lines) and is used to help in the linking of the cable from used to help in the linking of the cable from the building to the TM underground cable.the building to the TM underground cable.

Page 7: Telecommunication
Page 8: Telecommunication

TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMTELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM

Category 2 Buildings (5 and < 5 storeys)Category 2 Buildings (5 and < 5 storeys) For terrace shop-houses that fall under this category, the For terrace shop-houses that fall under this category, the

cables are run underground from the main underground cables are run underground from the main underground TM cable at the manhole or joint box to a jointing pit just TM cable at the manhole or joint box to a jointing pit just outside the building. outside the building.

From the jointing pit, the cables are run to a second From the jointing pit, the cables are run to a second jointing pit just inside the building. jointing pit just inside the building.

From the second jointing pit, the cable emerges to run to From the second jointing pit, the cable emerges to run to distribution point (DP) box at one end of the building. distribution point (DP) box at one end of the building.

The cable is then laid through the length of the outside The cable is then laid through the length of the outside wall of the building. wall of the building.

Junction boxes are installed when a line is to run into a Junction boxes are installed when a line is to run into a premisepremise (ie: grid, branching or perimeter layout) (ie: grid, branching or perimeter layout). .

Page 9: Telecommunication

TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMTELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM

Category 3 buildings Category 3 buildings ( Residential, Bungalow & Terrace house)( Residential, Bungalow & Terrace house) Category 3 buildings (domestic houses) Category 3 buildings (domestic houses)

received their telephones either through received their telephones either through overhead lines or underground lines. overhead lines or underground lines.

Underground cabling is not visible and Underground cabling is not visible and hence do not clutter up the area view or hence do not clutter up the area view or suffer from the possibility of being suffer from the possibility of being brought down and snapping by roadside brought down and snapping by roadside tree branches.tree branches.

Page 10: Telecommunication
Page 11: Telecommunication

Underground cablesUnderground cables The main telephone cables are laid in The main telephone cables are laid in

conduits with surface joint boxes. conduits with surface joint boxes. In minor roads, the cables are usually In minor roads, the cables are usually

buried directly in the ground under the buried directly in the ground under the footpath or under the road. footpath or under the road.

The necessary cross-connection between The necessary cross-connection between underground cables are provided at underground cables are provided at cabinets above ground. cabinets above ground.

The cable for the house is brought inside, The cable for the house is brought inside, as close as possible to the position of the as close as possible to the position of the telephone at ground-floor leveltelephone at ground-floor level

Category 3 buildings Category 3 buildings ( Residential, Bungalow & Terrace house)( Residential, Bungalow & Terrace house)

Page 12: Telecommunication

Category 3 buildings Category 3 buildings ( Residential, Bungalow & Terrace house)( Residential, Bungalow & Terrace house)

Underground cables

To enable future maintenance and upgrading by TM, the service trench is fitted with manholes at the certain length of the cable length.

Most big and medium size building receive their telephone cables from under the ground (ie: category 1 and 2).

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Overhead cable Overhead cable External distribution for dwellings by overhead External distribution for dwellings by overhead

cable has the following advantages over cable has the following advantages over underground distribution:underground distribution:

1. An overhead cable is smaller and cheaper than 1. An overhead cable is smaller and cheaper than an underground cable.an underground cable.

2. Overhead distribution involves a cable along one 2. Overhead distribution involves a cable along one side of the road only to both side of the road.side of the road only to both side of the road.

3. It is more convenient to provide additional lines 3. It is more convenient to provide additional lines to existing premises.to existing premises.

4. However, underground cables are out of sight 4. However, underground cables are out of sight and do not spoil the outlook.and do not spoil the outlook.

In Malaysia it is mostly used for domestic houses In Malaysia it is mostly used for domestic houses and shophousesand shophouses

Category 3 buildings Category 3 buildings ( Residential, Bungalow & Terrace house)( Residential, Bungalow & Terrace house)

Page 14: Telecommunication

PREMISES DISTRIBUTIONPREMISES DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMSYSTEM

Def: telephone system within a building, Def: telephone system within a building, ie: bldg. telephone wiring system. A ie: bldg. telephone wiring system. A large building (category I & 2) large building (category I & 2) premises distribution sys may consist premises distribution sys may consist of:of:

1.1. Main telephone equipment Main telephone equipment 2.2. Riser systemRiser system3.3. Floor or zone telephone equipment Floor or zone telephone equipment

systemsystem4.4. Internal telephone/switching systemInternal telephone/switching system

Page 15: Telecommunication
Page 16: Telecommunication

TELECOMMUNICATION TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMSYSTEM1.) Main telephone equipment1.) Main telephone equipment

The main entry cable from the street leads to a The main entry cable from the street leads to a distribution frame (at basement level)distribution frame (at basement level)

Interconnects with the controlling switchboardsInterconnects with the controlling switchboards Telephone equipment roomTelephone equipment room consists : consists : - - Main distribution frame/unit (MDF) Main distribution frame/unit (MDF) - - premise premise telephone telephone exchange sexchange system equipmentystem equipment(eg: (eg:

PABX or KTS)PABX or KTS) - backup battery system - backup battery system - distribution cables- distribution cables - technician work room & storage room- technician work room & storage room - automatic fire extinguisher system- automatic fire extinguisher system

Category 1 bldg are required to have Telephone Category 1 bldg are required to have Telephone equipment room (large terminals and lines).equipment room (large terminals and lines).

Category 2 are not required to have the tel. eqp room Category 2 are not required to have the tel. eqp room because sometimes they do not have MDF.because sometimes they do not have MDF.

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TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMTELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM1.) Main telephone equipment1.) Main telephone equipmentMDF – a frame which is used for distributing the MDF – a frame which is used for distributing the

telephone cable into several lines for multi subscriber telephone cable into several lines for multi subscriber with one or more lines in a single building.with one or more lines in a single building.

PABX – After the MDF the lines are connected to the PABX – After the MDF the lines are connected to the premises. In each premises the lines are connected to premises. In each premises the lines are connected to the PABX (private auto. branching exchange) or KTS the PABX (private auto. branching exchange) or KTS (key tel sys).(key tel sys).

Backup battery – By having PABX or KTS the backup Backup battery – By having PABX or KTS the backup battery sys has to be fitted in case of electricity battery sys has to be fitted in case of electricity blackout.blackout.

Distribution cables – Dist. Cables are take from MDF or Distribution cables – Dist. Cables are take from MDF or PABX at the lowest floor to other parts or levels of PABX at the lowest floor to other parts or levels of bldg. It is placed into a riser duct.bldg. It is placed into a riser duct.

Page 18: Telecommunication

TELECOMMUNICATION TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMSYSTEM

2.) Riser system2.) Riser systemvertical passage (enclosed by concrete or brick vertical passage (enclosed by concrete or brick

walls) that carry the telephone cables to various walls) that carry the telephone cables to various floors. The cable fitted to a cable trayfloors. The cable fitted to a cable tray in the riser in the riser

riser closet – built-in cupboard type of riser which riser closet – built-in cupboard type of riser which has fireproof door, contain IDF has fireproof door, contain IDF (>50 lines) or (>50 lines) or distribution box (< lines) distribution box (< lines) which then the cables which then the cables split into smaller cablessplit into smaller cables

should have extra space for future extensionshould have extra space for future extension

Page 19: Telecommunication

TELECOMMUNICATION TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMSYSTEM

3.) Floor or zone telephone equipment 3.) Floor or zone telephone equipment systemsystemhorizontal ducts that laid cables in the floor form horizontal ducts that laid cables in the floor form

distribution box to distribution box to either either secondary boxes / junction secondary boxes / junction boxes / terminal points or PABX or Kboxes / terminal points or PABX or KTTS. S.

Junction boxes contain telephone outlet (telephone Junction boxes contain telephone outlet (telephone socket or jack; the plug of the telephone setsocket or jack; the plug of the telephone set))

Eg: Eg: Hotel, Hotel, caters many rooms, thus it use the caters many rooms, thus it use the branching layoutbranching layout..

Telephone outlets are found at junction points which Telephone outlets are found at junction points which the plug of telephone set can be inserted.the plug of telephone set can be inserted.

Page 20: Telecommunication
Page 21: Telecommunication

TELECOMMUNICATION TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMSYSTEM

The duct layout depends on the use of building, The duct layout depends on the use of building, 3 types of layout 3 types of layout

1.1. Grid layoutGrid layout2.2. Branching layoutBranching layout3.3. Perimeter layoutPerimeter layout

Page 22: Telecommunication

Grid layoutGrid layout

•Suitable for open Suitable for open plan office floors. plan office floors. •Junction boxes are Junction boxes are located in the floor located in the floor where telephone where telephone outlets can be found.outlets can be found.•Typical grid spacing Typical grid spacing is 3.6m x 3.6m. is 3.6m x 3.6m. •Most flexible layout Most flexible layout arrangement. arrangement. •e.g. shopping e.g. shopping complexcomplex

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Branching Branching layoutlayout

•Suitable for Suitable for open plan offices open plan offices with permanent with permanent rooms. rooms. •Central feeder Central feeder duct with duct with junction boxes junction boxes laid on the floor laid on the floor at the corridor.at the corridor.•e.g. hotels or e.g. hotels or apartmentsapartments

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Perimeter Perimeter layoutlayout•Suitable for Suitable for partitioned office partitioned office with rooms with rooms along the walls.along the walls.

•A feeder duct A feeder duct located approx. located approx. 450mm from the 450mm from the outside wall and outside wall and has short branch has short branch ducts to junction ducts to junction boxes.boxes.

Page 25: Telecommunication

TELECOMMUNICATION TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMSYSTEM

4.) Internal telephone/switching system4.) Internal telephone/switching system To cater all communication requirementsTo cater all communication requirements Similar provisions are neededSimilar provisions are needed Types of exchange : PABX,Types of exchange : PABX, KTS KTS PABX (Private Automatic Branch Exchange) PABX (Private Automatic Branch Exchange)

depend on premises size and weather it has depend on premises size and weather it has single or multiple occupancysingle or multiple occupancy

Design must Design must be considered all the apparatus be considered all the apparatus such as; such as; the switchboard, batteries and other the switchboard, batteries and other apparatus involved.apparatus involved.

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Page 27: Telecommunication

CASE STUDY (CONT’D)

Main CableMDF

PABXRISER SYSTEM

TELEPHONE

Page 28: Telecommunication

CASE STUDY (CONT’D)

Main Distribution Frame (MDF)

Page 29: Telecommunication

CASE STUDY (CONT’D)

Private Automatic Branch Exchange (PABX)

Page 30: Telecommunication

Riser system

CASE STUDY (CONT’D)

Page 31: Telecommunication

Backup Battery

CASE STUDY (CONT’D)

Key Telephone

Page 32: Telecommunication

END


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