TELEMATICS – A PERSPECTIVE 29.1.10 2003

8/22/2019 TELEMATICS A PERSPECTIVE 29.1.10 2003

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TELEMATICS A PERSPECTIVE


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OVERVIEW

Telematics - An application in

India.

Bio Telematics Advances inunderwater techniques.

Telemedicine an application ofbio telematics.


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Telematics ( Telemetry)

The integrated use oftelecommunications andinformatics, also known as ICT (Informationand Communication Technology). The science

of sending, receiving and storing information viatelecommunication devices.

GPS technology is integrated with computers

and mobile communications technology inAutomotive navigation systems.

vehicle telematics.


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Disaster Management &

Flood ControlAn Initiativeby Pune Municipal Corporation


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History of Floods in Pune

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Highest flood record

3211cumecs

Panshet Dam Failure (1961)

Discharge in Cumecs

Years


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Each hour

Khadakwasla Dam flowsabove 45000 cusec

Water level of Mulshi dam startincreasing above 1980 ft

Irrigation DepartmentMulshi-

Collector office

Public Relation officer

Flood control Department

Pune MunicipalCorporation Authority

NGO, Social servicesOrganisation etcMedia (hourly updates)

Municipal Commissioner and

Police Commissioner work on

next action plan

Take Action

PMT, Road Traffic,health dept etc

MunicipalRegional Offices

Organisational Structure for Disaster Management


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Regional Offices

Officer

Identify rehabilitation

places

Availability of rooms,water supplyand electricity

Co ordination with NGOs,helping groups etc

Provide Food, sanitation,medicines, drinking water

Enumeration ofrehabilitated people

Role Played by Regional Offices

At present 39 RehabCentres are available

Organisational Structure ..contd


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PMC Departments working

towards Flood Management

Fire Brigade Authority

River Improvement and Garden Superintendent Department

Pune Maha Nagarpalika Parivahan Mahamandal Ltd

Health Department

Vehicle Department

Public Relation Department

Education Department

Electricity Department

Irrigation Department


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Salient Features

1. Installation of Remote Rain Gauging, level gauging andtelemetry system for early warning to control peakdischarge from Khadakwasla to within 50,000 Cusecsduring the rainy season

2. Prevent encroachment of the river and streams bydeclaration of Biodiversity Restoration Zones along thebanks

3. Use of Gabions/Reno Mattresses on river banks for

stabilisation and allow percolation of water


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Comprehensive Non Structural Flood Management System

The proposed system can be divided into three important sub

systems viz.

Telemetry System

Management Information System

Decision Support System


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Telemetry System gathers hydrological and meteorologicaldata such as

Rain fall data from rain-gauge stations in the catchment

Water level data from river gauge stations

Reservoir level data from level sensors installed at the

reservoirs

Data is gathered without any human intervention

Collected data is then presented to the Management InformationSystem and the Decision Support System

Based on the received data and the pre-fed

conditions/parameters/rules the system computes information

required for controlling discharge of water


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Biotelemetry

Biotelemetry (or Medical Telemetry) involvesthe application oftelemetryin the medical fieldto remotely monitor variousvital signs of

ambulatory patients.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telemetryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vital_signshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vital_signshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telemetry


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Bio Telemetry System

A typical biotelemetry system comprises:

Sensors appropriate for the particular signals tobe monitored

Battery-powered, Patient worn transmitters

A Radio Antenna and Receiver

A display unit capable of concurrentlypresenting information from multiple patients

Animal tracking


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Advances in UnderwaterBiotelemetry


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Animal Tracking

Monitor locations,behavior, physiology of

aquatic animals Involves attaching to

aquatic organism a device

that relays biologicalinformation

Relayed via radio signals


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Monitors animals not visible

Collect data with minimal disturbance

Means to solve biological problems


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Devices

Transmitter-device attached emits signal

Transponder-returns a signal in response

Active Passive


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Transmitter

Electronic oscillator circuitproduces signal

Measure of frequency is hertz


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Telemetry Systems

Origin in late 1950's Modified to work

underwater in the 1960's


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Features Common to Ultrasonic

and Radio SystemsTransmitter signals

Continuous wave or pulsing

signal Continuous more easily

detected and recorded

Pulsing signals use less energyand increase transmitter life


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Encapsulated (for compactness) with

Epoxy

Wax

Urethane

Silicone

Dental acrylic

Transmitter encapsulation


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Done by

pouring material over

components dipping component into

material

Density should besimilar to water

Transmitter encapsulation (cont.)


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Batteries

Choice is critical (size)

Largely determined by battery energy per unitvolume/weight

Other considerations include cost, shelf life and

availability


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Five types of

batteries are used

Lithium

Highest voltage/unit weight and

volume Excellent low temperature

performance

Good high temperature

performance

Long shelf life

Good efficiency

Low cost


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Mercury oxide

Possible health hazard

Silver oxide

Alkaline

Rechargeable nickel-cadmium

Five types of batteries

are used (cont.)


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Receivers

Filters input signals, amplifies, andconverts to usable form

Must have good sensitivity Must have narrow frequency

Portable receiver should

have rechargeable batteries Should have water proof

switches and be moisture

resistant


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Advantages/disadvantages of

Ultrasonic & Radio Systems

With respect to characteristics

Depth

Water conductivity

Current speed

Habitat size

Plant densitiesTemperature gradients

45-100 ft.

high

3mph

300 square mi.

50 - 85

low


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Ultrasonic telemetry

Macrophytes

Algae

Thermoclines

Water turbulence

Rain drops and boat motors

Salt and fresh with high conductivity

Deep water

Adversely affected by (reduce signal

range)


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Radiotelemetry

Shallow water

Low conductivity fresh water

Turbulent water

Can be used for large areas

Can be used from shore Cannot be used in salt water

Deflected by objects


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Coded and sensing transmitters

Provide information on

Animals identity

Physiological variables

Behavior

Environment

Often used to identify taggedindividuals


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Methods of attaching transmitters

Depends on

Morphology and

behavior of species Nature of aquatic

ecosystem

Objectives ofproject


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External Transmitters

Easier and quicker thansurgical implantation

Used for fish spawning andfeeding

Necessary for sensing

environmental factors Increase drag on swimming

organisms


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Widest application

Attaches transmitteralongside dorsal fin

Surgical needle can beused

Neoprene placed betwee

fish and plateAttach radio transmitter


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Stomach Inserted Transmitters

Do not cause drag

Cannot become snagged

Less likely to be abrasive Can use heavier package

Can be done quickly

Short habituation time for fish


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Disadvantages

Difficult to get in fish'smouth

May be regurgitated May rupture the

esophagus or stomach

External variables aredifficult to monitor


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Surgically implanted transmitters

Excellent for physiologicaltransmitters

Best for long term attachment External factors difficult to monitor

Takes long to perform

Long recovery period

More likely to cause infection


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Methods of tracking - Boat

Stop at specific locations

Listen for transmitter signals

Engine off or at low revolutions By signal position boat above

animal

Locate animal on map Measurements taken


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Airplane

Highly mobile tagged animals

Greatest detection range for signals

Very high cost Easy to miss animal due to speed

Locations determined within 100 m


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Triangulation

Bearings from two or more locations

Great error bymoving animals

Move receiving

unit betweenlocations


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Appearance at fixed locations

Receivers set at certain locations

Record presence or absence of transmitter


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Automatic tracking system

Measure time taken by signalto travel through water

Very accurate Must have strong signal

Animals must be in home

range


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Satellite telemetry

By satellite

Track remote, wide ranging animals

Usually used on larger animals


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Automatic Data Recording

Automatically decoded and recorded

Absence or presence of signal on strip chart

Manual- one animal at a timeTimers may be used

More elaborate

Electronic data sheets

Data collection computers

Microcomputers


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Sampling and processing - Field

Considerations Have spare for everything

Store transmitters in padded boxes

Store in refrigerator if not used for long (batteries)Activate transmitters days before testing


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Field Considerations (cont.)

Test transmitter beforeattaching to animal

Cover receivers with plasticbags

Dry out receivers after use

Discharge nicad batterybefore recharging


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Sampling size considerations

Number tagged depends on

Cost

LaborAvailability of animals

Type of data desired

Method of analysis


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Methods of Searching

Use equally spaced

transectsVary starting point

each day


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Sampling time

Do not sample same time every day

All hours sampled equally

Choose days and time randomly


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Data Plots

Statistical programs can plot scattergrams

Draw bearings on

plot board

Each animal gets

a x and y

coordinate


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Data analysis

Usually done with computer

Define biotelemetry


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What is Telemedicine ?

The Practical Benefits of Telemetry


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The ability to send medical data using any

form of communication interface, from thepatient to any other site.

This typically includes bio medical

information such as ECG, Pulse , OxygenSaturation,Blood Pressure ,Video Imaging.

Telemedicine


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Standard Telemedicine

Satellite - dependent ( INMARSAT )

Setup involves satellite location

Use during ambulance journey would involvesatellite tracking

Setup time augments time at scene


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Myocardial Infarcation

It is just one type of Heart Attack that is becoming more and morecommon place in our modern world

Primarily an MI as it is commonly known is a blockage of one or more ofthe arteries that feed the heart muscle. This blockage is in the form of a clotwhich is stopping oxygenated blood from feeding the tissues.

Ti i l


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Time is muscle

The main aim is to reduce the time that the heart muscle

is starved of oxygenated blood and to prevent more tissue

from dying.


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How can telemedicine help ?

With the correct vital signs sent to the hospital via telemetry thedoctors can validate the correct diagnosis.

The patient on arrival should be treated much faster than a patient whohas not had the use of telemedicine.

Thrombolytic drugs will be ready as will the cardiologists who will bewaiting to treat the patient on arrival or arrange for immediate admission

to a CCU .


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What actually happens ?

10 Leads on Body

Acquire Data Analyse Data

Produce Report

Analyse Report Transmit Report


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HOW DOES IT WORK

Lifepak 11Hospital /

Receiving Station

GSM


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Monitor and Receiving Station

The system is designed with strobe warning lights to

inform the staff of an incoming ECG.When the data arrives a senior medical officer is able todiagnose exactly the problem and produce an accurate

diagnosis of the cardiac condition


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TREATMENT

Cardiac Condition Diagnosed

Thrombolytic Drug Administered

Time to Needle is reduced


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The Video Imaging Pilot

Lancashire Ambulance services


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Vehicle Specification.

The vehicle contains very sophisticated telemetry facilities.

Four cameras for all aspects of emergency and casualty trauma.

Transmission of live video images using standard GSMmobile telephone system with total World Systems compatibility.

The system has the ability to monitor live pictures on boardthe Ambulance.

The system can be fully automated for easy usage.


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Ambulance Facilities

It can provide four viewsrear viewinternalhelmet and microwave linkdashboard

plus a small colour internal monitor4 way split screen with zoom


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VIDEO IMAGING

A typicalinstallation onan Ambulance


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Dashboard Camera

Situated on thedashboard

of the Emergencyvehicle,this can provide viewingof an emergency eventuponarrival and the camera can

be directed towards theincident.

R Vi C


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Rear View Camera

Situated on the rear top of the vehicle next to brakelights, this camera is built intoan external housing unit

disguised as a reversing orspot light.

It was disguised to

prevent the public from beingunduly concerned.


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Internal Camera

Situated directly above the patient on a swivelflexible arm for adjustment

and can be used to view anypart of the patients body.

The camera has a zoom lens

inside which can be operatedby either the paramedic or anexternal computer operator.


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Helmet Camera

Highly miniaturized colour camera with housingto blend with helmet. Lenssystem positioned at the frontwith signal processing unit at rear.Coiled connection to Microwave

video transmitter to send livepictures back to the vehicle .


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Colour Viewing Monitor

Situated above the patient for comfortableviewing by the paramedic, this

TFT colour display unit has abilityto display split screen imagesviewing the four camera imagesat once or singular. It has buttons

on unit for camera selection. Theuser can also zoom in andout the internal camera.


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This GSM is also fitted with a hands free facility to enablethe Paramedic to talk with Doctors and other people when

the video system is not in use.

The system is designed also to be either enabled by the control center by a singlebutton push on a computer consolealthough this operation is password protected to preventunauthorized access..

GSM Cellular Terminal


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The receiving station consists of a standard P.C. with a pentiumprocessor ,16 Mb of ram and at least 40 Mb of hard disk space anda standard 28000 bits per second modem .

If a laptop computer is used the same specification is required butalso a PCMCIA data card and a GSM mobile telephone .

The system also requires dedicated software to operate the system.

Receiving Station


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The receiving station can also change the view of any screen and it can alsozoom the camera in and out via the keyboard.The views are updated every 4 seconds in colour or every 2 seconds if mono

is selected. The system can also send the pictures to another station any wherein the world.The whole operation is also copied to a slow scan video recorder .

Receiving Station

T i i


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Training

The video image system is recorded via a slow scanvideo recorder. These videos can be used to assistParamedics by validating their existing protocols

and assist managers in analysing actions of controlmanagers.

The videos can also be used to show new recruits real

and actual events and how they were handled.


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Ambulance

Hospital

GSM

HOW DOES IT WORK

Control Center

B fi


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Benefits

Faster treatment for Heart Attack victims

More detailed medical informationClinical history from point of contact of NHSCost savings to the NHS

Greater reduction in mortality rate

B fi


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Method of injury visually displayed

Constant monitoring of patients conditionClinical advice available for the paramedicResourcing information for controlScene evaluationRecorded footage for training purposes

Benefits


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Thank you for your

patient listening.Queries?????

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TELEMATICS – A PERSPECTIVE 29.1.10 2003

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