Temperature and precipitation in Arctic AlaskaA graphical library for 43 communities, 1979–2013
Contribution to the Sustainable Futures North (SFN) project, supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation
Lawrence Hamilton ([email protected])Richard LammersStanley GliddenKei Saito
University of New HampshireJune 2014
Sustainable Futures North (SFN):Water, energy and food security in the North
• The SFN project explores possible synergies among the goals of food, water and energy security, as well as resource development in the North American Arctic.
• Combines integrated regional assessments of water, food, and energy systems in 3 regions: Bristol Bay and Kotzebue Sound (Alaska) and Baffin Island (Canada), which face challenges related to climate change, socioeconomic change, and industrial development.
• Research methods in the project’s interdisciplinary toolkit include key informant interviews, integration and analysis of secondary data, climate change downscaling, engineering best practice and gap analysis, and rural-urban network analysis.
• Findings of this research will inform a collaborative education and outreach program designed to build capacity through workforce development, STEM internships, and post-secondary curricula and programs in environmental management and engineering.
• This collaborative effort is directed by Philip Loring (lead, University of Alaska Fairbanks), Henry Huntington (Huntington Consulting), Lawrence Hamilton (University of New Hampshire) and Shari Gearheard (Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences).
• Researchers will travel to communities in the study regions of Bristol Bay and Kotzebue Sound in Alaska, and Baffin Island in Canada, to conduct interviews with key personnel in the communities.
• Additional activities include mediated modeling, integrated analysis of socioeconomic and biophysical data, engineering best practice and gap analysis, and rural-urban network analysis.
• Arctic Science, Education and Engineering for Sustainability (ArcSEES) project, supported by a grant from the U.S. National Science Foundation (PLR-1263650) 2013–2016.
Population and vital statistics data• Annual mid-year estimates of community population were obtained from the U.S. Census or, between
Census years, the Alaska Department of Labor and Workforce Development. The Department of Labor and Workforce Development estimates population using administrative data, notably Permanent Fund Dividend applications — a unique resource permitting what the U.S. Census Bureau has judged to be the most accurate yearly estimates of any U.S. state (Alaska Department of Labor and Workforce Development 2008).
• Counts of births and deaths in each fiscal year are provided by the Alaska Bureau of Vital Statistics. Fiscal year 2013, for example, counts births and deaths from July 1 2012 through June 31 2013. This corresponds approximately to the time frame of population counts as well.
• Net migration each year is estimated from the difference between this year’s population, and last year’s population adjusted for births and deaths. More details and discussion of these data and the graphical approach can be found in the following papers:
• Hamilton, L.C. and A.M. Mitiguy. 2009. “Visualizing population dynamics of Alaska’s Arctic communities.” Arctic 62(4):393–398.
• Hamilton, L.C., D.M. White, R.B. Lammers and G. Myerchin. 2012. “Population, climate and electricity use in the Arctic: Integrated analysis of Alaska community data.” Population and Environment 33(4):269–283. doi: 10.1007/s11111-011-0145-1
• Hamilton, L.C. “Climate and demographic change in Arctic Alaska.” 2012. Pp. 147–156 in K.G. Hansen, R.O. Rasmussen and R. Weber (eds.), Proceedings from the First International Conference on Urbanisation in the Arctic. Stockholm, Sweden: Nordregio.
Temperature and precipitation data
• Sampling MERRA climate data for Alaskan communities
• NASA's Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) climate reanalysis product (Rienecker et al., 2011) generated by the GMAO office was used to produce temperature and precipitation inputs for each of the n = 51 Alaskan communities. The MERRA products were created using version 5.2.0 of the Goddard Earth Observing System model (GEOS-5 DAS) with a spatial resolution of ½ x 2/3 of a degree over the temporal range from 1979 to present and a 6-hour time step. The temperature and precipitation data were aggregated to monthly time steps and latitude and longitude coordinates for each community were used to extract the climate time series with nearest neighbor sampling.
• Rienecker, Michele M., and Coauthors (2011) MERRA: NASA’s Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications. Journal of Climate, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00015.1.
• The central web address for the MERRA products is http://gmao.gsfc.nasa.gov/merra/.
Bethel Census Area
• Aniak• Bethel• Tuluksak
-20
-15
-10
-5Te
mpe
ratu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
2040
6080
Pre
cipi
tatio
n, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
December–February
-6-4
-20
2Te
mpe
ratu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
020
4060
Pre
cipi
tatio
n, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
March–May
1214
1618
Tem
pera
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
4050
6070
80P
reci
pita
tion,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
June–August
-4-2
02
Tem
pera
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
2040
6080
Pre
cipi
tatio
n, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
September–November
Aniak, Bethel Census Area (1979–2013)
-20
-15
-10
-5Te
mpe
ratu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
2040
60P
reci
pita
tion,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
December–February
-6-4
-20
2Te
mpe
ratu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
020
4060
Pre
cipi
tatio
n, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
March–May
1012
1416
Tem
pera
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
4060
8010
0P
reci
pita
tion,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
June–August
-4-2
02
Tem
pera
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
2040
6080
Pre
cipi
tatio
n, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
September–November
Bethel, Bethel Census Area (1979–2013)
-20
-15
-10
-5Te
mpe
ratu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
2040
6080
Pre
cipi
tatio
n, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
December–February
-6-4
-20
2Te
mpe
ratu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
020
4060
Pre
cipi
tatio
n, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
March–May
1214
1618
Tem
pera
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
2040
6080
100
Pre
cipi
tatio
n, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
June–August
-4-2
02
Tem
pera
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
2040
6080
100
Pre
cipi
tatio
n, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
September–November
Tuluksak, Bethel Census Area (1979–2013)
Dillingham Census Area
• Aleknagik• Dillingham• Manokotak• New Stuyahok• Togiak
-20
-15
-10
-5Te
mpe
ratu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
5010
015
0P
reci
pita
tion,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
December–February
-4-2
02
Tem
pera
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
2040
6080
100
Pre
cipi
tatio
n, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
March–May
1213
1415
16Te
mpe
ratu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
6080
100
120
Pre
cipi
tatio
n, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
June–August
-20
24
Tem
pera
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
5010
015
0P
reci
pita
tion,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
September–November
Aleknagik, Dillingham Census Area (1979–2013)
-15
-10
-50
Tem
pera
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
4060
8010
0P
reci
pita
tion,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
December–February
-20
24
Tem
pera
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
2040
6080
Pre
cipi
tatio
n, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
March–May
1012
1416
Tem
pera
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
4060
8010
0P
reci
pita
tion,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
June–August
02
46
Tem
pera
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
4060
8010
012
0P
reci
pita
tion,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
September–November
Dillingham, Bethel Census Area (1979–2013)
-15
-10
-50
Tem
pera
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
6080
100
120
Pre
cipi
tatio
n, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
December–February
-4-2
02
4Te
mpe
ratu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
2040
6080
100
Pre
cipi
tatio
n, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
March–May
1112
1314
15Te
mpe
ratu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
6080
100
120
140
Pre
cipi
tatio
n, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
June–August
-20
24
6Te
mpe
ratu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
5010
015
0P
reci
pita
tion,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
September–November
Manokotak, Bethel Census Area (1979–2013)
-20
-15
-10
-5Te
mpe
ratu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
4060
8010
0P
reci
pita
tion,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
December–February
-4-2
02
4Te
mpe
ratu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
2040
6080
100
Pre
cipi
tatio
n, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
March–May
1213
1415
16Te
mpe
ratu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
6080
100
120
Pre
cipi
tatio
n, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
June–August
-20
24
Tem
pera
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
4060
8010
012
0P
reci
pita
tion,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
September–November
New Stuyahok, Bethel Census Area (1979–2013)
-10
-50
Tem
pera
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
4060
8010
0P
reci
pita
tion,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
December–February
-4-2
02
4Te
mpe
ratu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
2040
6080
Pre
cipi
tatio
n, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
March–May
1011
1213
14Te
mpe
ratu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
4060
8010
0P
reci
pita
tion,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
June–August
02
46
Tem
pera
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
5010
015
0P
reci
pita
tion,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
September–November
Togiak, Bethel Census Area (1979–2013)
Nome Census Area
• Brevig Mission• Diomede• Elim• Gambell• Golovin• Koyuk• Nome• Saint Michael
• Savoonga• Shaktoolik• Shishmaref• Stebbins• Teller• Unalakleet• Wales• White Mountain
-20
-15
-10
Tem
pera
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
1020
3040
Pre
cipi
tatio
n, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
December–February
-12
-10
-8-6
-4Te
mpe
ratu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
1020
3040
50P
reci
pita
tion,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
March–May
810
12Te
mpe
ratu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
2040
6080
Pre
cipi
tatio
n, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
June–August
-6-4
-20
Tem
pera
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
020
4060
80P
reci
pita
tion,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
September–November
Brevig Mission, Nome Census Area (1979–2013)
-20
-15
-10
Tem
pera
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
2030
4050
60P
reci
pita
tion,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
December–February
-12
-10
-8-6
-4Te
mpe
ratu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
1020
3040
50P
reci
pita
tion,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
March–May
56
78
9Te
mpe
ratu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
2040
6080
Pre
cipi
tatio
n, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
June–August
-4-2
02
Tem
pera
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
2040
6080
Pre
cipi
tatio
n, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
September–November
Diomede, Nome Census Area (1979–2013)
-25
-20
-15
Tem
pera
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
2030
4050
60P
reci
pita
tion,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
December–February
-12
-10
-8-6
-4Te
mpe
ratu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
020
4060
Pre
cipi
tatio
n, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
March–May
810
1214
Tem
pera
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
4060
8010
0P
reci
pita
tion,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
June–August
-10
-8-6
-4-2
Tem
pera
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
050
100
150
Pre
cipi
tatio
n, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
September–November
Elim, Nome Census Area (1979–2013)
-15
-10
-5Te
mpe
ratu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
2040
6080
Pre
cipi
tatio
n, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
December–February
-10
-8-6
-4-2
Tem
pera
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
2040
60P
reci
pita
tion,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
March–May
56
78
9Te
mpe
ratu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
2040
6080
Pre
cipi
tatio
n, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
June–August
-10
12
3Te
mpe
ratu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
2040
6080
Pre
cipi
tatio
n, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
September–November
Gambell, Nome Census Area (1979–2013)
-20
-15
-10
Tem
pera
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
1020
3040
50P
reci
pita
tion,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
December–February
-8-6
-4-2
Tem
pera
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
1020
3040
Pre
cipi
tatio
n, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
March–May
1112
1314
15Te
mpe
ratu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
2030
4050
60P
reci
pita
tion,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
June–August
-4-2
02
Tem
pera
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
020
4060
80P
reci
pita
tion,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
September–November
Golovin, Nome Census Area (1979–2013)
-25
-20
-15
-10
Tem
pera
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
1020
3040
50P
reci
pita
tion,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
December–February
-8-6
-4-2
Tem
pera
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
1020
3040
Pre
cipi
tatio
n, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
March–May
1213
1415
16Te
mpe
ratu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
3040
5060
70P
reci
pita
tion,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
June–August
-8-6
-4-2
0Te
mpe
ratu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
2040
6080
100
Pre
cipi
tatio
n, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
September–November
Koyuk, Nome Census Area (1979–2013)
-20
-15
-10
Tem
pera
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
1020
3040
50P
reci
pita
tion,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
December–February
-10
-8-6
-4-2
Tem
pera
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
1020
3040
50P
reci
pita
tion,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
March–May
89
1011
12Te
mpe
ratu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
2040
60P
reci
pita
tion,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
June–August
-4-2
02
Tem
pera
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
020
4060
80P
reci
pita
tion,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
September–November
Nome, Nome Census Area (1979–2013)
-16
-14
-12
-10
-8Te
mpe
ratu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
1020
3040
50P
reci
pita
tion,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
December–February
-6-4
-20
Tem
pera
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
010
2030
Pre
cipi
tatio
n, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
March–May
810
1214
Tem
pera
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
2040
60P
reci
pita
tion,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
June–August
-20
24
Tem
pera
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
2040
6080
Pre
cipi
tatio
n, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
September–November
Saint Michael, Nome Census Area (1979–2013)
-20
-15
-10
-5Te
mpe
ratu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
2040
6080
Pre
cipi
tatio
n, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
December–February
-10
-8-6
-4-2
Tem
pera
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
2040
60P
reci
pita
tion,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
March–May
56
78
9Te
mpe
ratu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
2040
6080
Pre
cipi
tatio
n, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
June–August
-10
12
3Te
mpe
ratu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
2040
6080
Pre
cipi
tatio
n, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
September–November
Savoonga, Nome Census Area (1979–2013)
-20
-15
-10
Tem
pera
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
020
4060
Pre
cipi
tatio
n, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
December–February
-6-4
-20
Tem
pera
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
1020
3040
Pre
cipi
tatio
n, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
March–May
1012
1416
Tem
pera
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
2040
6080
Pre
cipi
tatio
n, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
June–August
-4-2
02
Tem
pera
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
2040
6080
100
Pre
cipi
tatio
n, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
September–November
Shaktoolik, Nome Census Area (1979–2013)
-20
-15
-10
Tem
pera
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
2030
4050
Pre
cipi
tatio
n, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
December–February
-12
-10
-8-6
-4Te
mpe
ratu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
1020
3040
50P
reci
pita
tion,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
March–May
56
78
Tem
pera
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
2040
6080
Pre
cipi
tatio
n, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
June–August
-4-2
02
Tem
pera
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
2040
6080
Pre
cipi
tatio
n, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
September–November
Shishmaref, Nome Census Area (1979–2013)
-16
-14
-12
-10
-8Te
mpe
ratu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
1020
3040
50P
reci
pita
tion,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
December–February
-6-4
-20
Tem
pera
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
010
2030
Pre
cipi
tatio
n, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
March–May
810
1214
Tem
pera
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
2040
60P
reci
pita
tion,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
June–August
-20
24
Tem
pera
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
2040
6080
Pre
cipi
tatio
n, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
September–November
Stebbins, Nome Census Area (1979–2013)
-20
-15
-10
Tem
pera
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
1020
3040
Pre
cipi
tatio
n, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
December–February
-12
-10
-8-6
-4Te
mpe
ratu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
1020
3040
50P
reci
pita
tion,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
March–May
810
12Te
mpe
ratu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
2040
6080
Pre
cipi
tatio
n, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
June–August
-6-4
-20
Tem
pera
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
020
4060
80P
reci
pita
tion,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
September–November
Teller, Nome Census Area (1979–2013)
-16
-14
-12
-10
-8Te
mpe
ratu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
2040
6080
Pre
cipi
tatio
n, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
December–February
-6-4
-20
Tem
pera
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
1020
3040
Pre
cipi
tatio
n, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
March–May
68
1012
14Te
mpe
ratu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
2040
6080
Pre
cipi
tatio
n, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
June–August
-4-2
02
4Te
mpe
ratu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
2040
6080
100
Pre
cipi
tatio
n, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
September–November
Unalakleet, Nome Census Area (1979–2013)
-20
-15
-10
Tem
pera
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
2030
4050
Pre
cipi
tatio
n, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
December–February
-12
-10
-8-6
-4Te
mpe
ratu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
1020
3040
50P
reci
pita
tion,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
March–May
56
78
9Te
mpe
ratu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
2040
6080
Pre
cipi
tatio
n, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
June–August
-4-2
02
Tem
pera
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
2040
6080
Pre
cipi
tatio
n, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
September–November
Wales, Nome Census Area (1979–2013)
-25
-20
-15
-10
Tem
pera
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
2030
4050
60P
reci
pita
tion,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
December–February
-12
-10
-8-6
-4Te
mpe
ratu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
020
4060
Pre
cipi
tatio
n, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
March–May
810
1214
Tem
pera
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
4060
8010
0P
reci
pita
tion,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
June–August
-8-6
-4-2
Tem
pera
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
050
100
Pre
cipi
tatio
n, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
September–November
White Mountain, Nome Census Area (1979–2013)
North Slope Borough
• Anaktuvuk Pass• Atqasuk• Barrow• Kaktovik• Nuiqsut• Point Hope• Point Lay• Wainwright
-30
-25
-20
Tem
pera
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
510
1520
Pre
cipi
tatio
n, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
December–February
-20
-15
-10
-5Te
mpe
ratu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
1020
3040
Pre
cipi
tatio
n, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
March–May
68
1012
14Te
mpe
ratu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
4060
8010
0P
reci
pita
tion,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
June–August
-16
-14
-12
-10
-8Te
mpe
ratu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
1020
3040
Pre
cipi
tatio
n, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
September–November
Anaktuvuk Pass, North Slope Borough (1979–2013)
-30
-28
-26
-24
-22
Tem
pera
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
1015
2025
Pre
cipi
tatio
n, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
December–February
-16
-14
-12
-10
-8Te
mpe
ratu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
510
1520
Pre
cipi
tatio
n, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
March–May
810
1214
Tem
pera
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
1020
3040
50P
reci
pita
tion,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
June–August
-15
-10
-5Te
mpe
ratu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
1020
3040
Pre
cipi
tatio
n, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
September–November
Atqasuk, North Slope Borough (1979–2013)
-26
-24
-22
-20
-18
Tem
pera
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
1015
2025
Pre
cipi
tatio
n, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
December–February
-16
-14
-12
-10
-8Te
mpe
ratu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
510
1520
Pre
cipi
tatio
n, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
March–May
01
23
Tem
pera
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
020
4060
Pre
cipi
tatio
n, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
June–August
-15
-10
-50
Tem
pera
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
1020
3040
50P
reci
pita
tion,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
September–November
Barrow, North Slope Borough (1979–2013)
-26
-24
-22
-20
-18
Tem
pera
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
510
1520
25P
reci
pita
tion,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
December–February
-14
-12
-10
-8-6
Tem
pera
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
510
1520
25P
reci
pita
tion,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
March–May
02
46
Tem
pera
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
1020
3040
Pre
cipi
tatio
n, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
June–August
-15
-10
-50
Tem
pera
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
1020
3040
50P
reci
pita
tion,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
September–November
Kaktovik, North Slope Borough (1979–2013)
-26
-24
-22
-20
Tem
pera
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
510
1520
Pre
cipi
tatio
n, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
December–February
-14
-12
-10
-8Te
mpe
ratu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
510
15P
reci
pita
tion,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
March–May
46
810
Tem
pera
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
1020
3040
Pre
cipi
tatio
n, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
June–August
-15
-10
-50
Tem
pera
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
1015
2025
30P
reci
pita
tion,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
September–November
Nuiqsut, North Slope Borough (1979–2013)
-22
-20
-18
-16
-14
Tem
pera
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
1020
3040
50P
reci
pita
tion,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
December–February
-14
-12
-10
-8-6
Tem
pera
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
1020
3040
Pre
cipi
tatio
n, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
March–May
24
68
Tem
pera
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
2040
6080
Pre
cipi
tatio
n, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
June–August
-6-4
-20
2Te
mpe
ratu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
2040
6080
Pre
cipi
tatio
n, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
September–November
Point Hope, North Slope Borough (1979–2013)
-24
-22
-20
-18
-16
Tem
pera
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
1020
3040
Pre
cipi
tatio
n, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
December–February
-14
-12
-10
-8-6
Tem
pera
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
1015
2025
30P
reci
pita
tion,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
March–May
24
68
Tem
pera
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
2030
4050
60P
reci
pita
tion,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
June–August
-10
-50
Tem
pera
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
2040
6080
Pre
cipi
tatio
n, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
September–November
Point Lay, North Slope Borough (1979–2013)
-24
-22
-20
-18
-16
Tem
pera
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
1520
2530
Pre
cipi
tatio
n, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
December–February
-14
-12
-10
-8Te
mpe
ratu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
1015
2025
Pre
cipi
tatio
n, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
March–May
02
46
Tem
pera
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
2040
60P
reci
pita
tion,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
June–August
-10
-50
Tem
pera
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
1020
3040
50P
reci
pita
tion,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
September–November
Wainwright, North Slope Borough (1979–2013)
Northwest Arctic Borough
• Ambler• Buckland• Deering• Kiana• Kivalina• Kobuk
• Kotzebue• Noatak• Noorvik• Selawik• Shungnak
-25
-20
-15
Tem
pera
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
2040
6080
Pre
cipi
tatio
n, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
December–February
-12
-10
-8-6
-4Te
mpe
ratu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
1020
3040
50P
reci
pita
tion,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
March–May
1012
1416
Tem
pera
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
4060
8010
012
0P
reci
pita
tion,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
June–August
-12
-10
-8-6
-4Te
mpe
ratu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
050
100
150
Pre
cipi
tatio
n, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
September–November
Ambler, Northwest Arctic Borough (1979–2013)
-22
-20
-18
-16
-14
Tem
pera
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
1015
2025
30P
reci
pita
tion,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
December–February
-10
-8-6
-4-2
Tem
pera
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
510
1520
25P
reci
pita
tion,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
March–May
1012
1416
Tem
pera
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
2030
4050
60P
reci
pita
tion,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
June–August
-8-6
-4-2
Tem
pera
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
020
4060
Pre
cipi
tatio
n, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
September–November
Buckland, Northwest Arctic Borough (1979–2013)
-20
-15
-10
Tem
pera
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
1020
3040
50P
reci
pita
tion,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
December–February
-10
-8-6
-4Te
mpe
ratu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
1020
3040
Pre
cipi
tatio
n, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
March–May
78
910
11Te
mpe
ratu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
2040
60P
reci
pita
tion,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
June–August
-4-2
02
Tem
pera
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
2040
60P
reci
pita
tion,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
September–November
Deering, Northwest Arctic Borough (1979–2013)
-25
-20
-15
Tem
pera
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
020
4060
Pre
cipi
tatio
n, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
December–February
-12
-10
-8-6
-4Te
mpe
ratu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
1020
3040
50P
reci
pita
tion,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
March–May
1012
1416
Tem
pera
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
2040
6080
Pre
cipi
tatio
n, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
June–August
-10
-8-6
-4Te
mpe
ratu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
050
100
Pre
cipi
tatio
n, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
September–November
Kiana, Northwest Arctic Borough (1979–2013)
-24
-22
-20
-18
-16
Tem
pera
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
1020
3040
50P
reci
pita
tion,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
December–February
-14
-12
-10
-8-6
Tem
pera
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
1020
3040
Pre
cipi
tatio
n, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
March–May
810
1214
Tem
pera
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
050
100
Pre
cipi
tatio
n, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
June–August
-10
-8-6
-4-2
Tem
pera
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
020
4060
Pre
cipi
tatio
n, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
September–November
Kivalina, Northwest Arctic Borough (1979–2013)
-25
-20
-15
Tem
pera
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
1020
3040
Pre
cipi
tatio
n, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
December–February
-10
-8-6
-4-2
Tem
pera
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
010
2030
Pre
cipi
tatio
n, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
March–May
1012
1416
Tem
pera
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
2040
6080
Pre
cipi
tatio
n, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
June–August
-10
-8-6
-4-2
Tem
pera
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
2040
6080
Pre
cipi
tatio
n, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
September–November
Kobuk, Northwest Arctic Borough (1979–2013)
-20
-18
-16
-14
-12
Tem
pera
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
1020
3040
Pre
cipi
tatio
n, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
December–February
-10
-8-6
-4Te
mpe
ratu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
010
2030
Pre
cipi
tatio
n, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
March–May
1011
1213
14Te
mpe
ratu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
2040
60P
reci
pita
tion,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
June–August
-6-4
-20
Tem
pera
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
020
4060
Pre
cipi
tatio
n, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
September–November
Kotzebue, Northwest Arctic Borough (1979–2013)
-26
-24
-22
-20
-18
Tem
pera
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
020
4060
Pre
cipi
tatio
n, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
December–February
-15
-10
-5Te
mpe
ratu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
1020
3040
50P
reci
pita
tion,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
March–May
810
1214
Tem
pera
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
4060
8010
012
0P
reci
pita
tion,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
June–August
-12
-10
-8-6
-4Te
mpe
ratu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
2040
6080
100
Pre
cipi
tatio
n, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
September–November
Noatak, Northwest Arctic Borough (1979–2013)
-25
-20
-15
Tem
pera
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
1020
3040
50P
reci
pita
tion,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
December–February
-12
-10
-8-6
-4Te
mpe
ratu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
010
2030
40P
reci
pita
tion,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
March–May
1012
1416
Tem
pera
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
2040
6080
Pre
cipi
tatio
n, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
June–August
-10
-8-6
-4-2
Tem
pera
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
050
100
Pre
cipi
tatio
n, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
September–November
Noorvik, Northwest Arctic Borough (1979–2013)
-25
-20
-15
Tem
pera
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
020
4060
Pre
cipi
tatio
n, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
December–February
-12
-10
-8-6
-4Te
mpe
ratu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
1020
3040
50P
reci
pita
tion,
mm
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
March–May
1012
1416
Tem
pera
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
2040
6080
Pre
cipi
tatio
n, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
June–August
-10
-8-6
-4Te
mpe
ratu
re,°
C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
050
100
Pre
cipi
tatio
n, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
September–November
Selawik, Northwest Arctic Borough (1979–2013)
-25
-20
-15
Tem
pera
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
1020
3040
Pre
cipi
tatio
n, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
December–February
-10
-8-6
-4-2
Tem
pera
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
010
2030
Pre
cipi
tatio
n, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
March–May
1012
1416
Tem
pera
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
2040
6080
Pre
cipi
tatio
n, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
June–August
-10
-8-6
-4-2
Tem
pera
ture
,°C
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
2040
6080
Pre
cipi
tatio
n, m
m
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
September–November
Shungnak, Northwest Arctic Borough (1979–2013)
