TEMPERATURETEMPERATURE

Sumber Gambar : site: gurumuda.files.wordpress.com

Sumber Gambar Fisika SMK Teknologi, Direektorat SMK

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TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT

page: 2 temperature

ThermometerThermometerTo measure the temperature of a

body or system quantitativelyTo measure the temperature of a

body or system quantitatively

Made based on the properties of a substance

Made based on the properties of a substance

T(x) = ax+bT(x) = ax+b

T = temperaturex = thermometric property

a,b = constanta that depend on the substances used

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Thermometric properties

Page: 3 thermometric properties

temperature change

temperature change

thermometric substances

thermometric substances

T

Change of length (L),Change of length (L),

Change of area surface (A)

Change of area surface (A)

Change of volume (V)Change of volume (V)

Electric resistance(R)Electric resistance(R)

Gas pressure at constant volume (P)

Gas pressure at constant volume (P)

Gas volume at constant pressure(V)

Gas volume at constant pressure(V)

Luminous intensity (I)Luminous intensity (I)

(thermometric property)

(thermometric property)

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TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT

Thermometer Thermometric Properties

Range of measurement (o C)

Mercury Liquid substance volume -39 - 500

Constant volume gas

Gas pressure at constant volume

-270 - 1500

Platinum resistance

Electric resistance -200 - 1200

Thermocouple Electromotive force -250 - 1500

Pyrometer Luminous intensity More than 1000

page: 4 temperature

The kinds of thermometerThe kinds of thermometer

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Thermometer figure

page: 5 thermometer

Mercury ThermometerSumber : http://themoderatevoice.com

Sumber http://www.thebranfordgroup.com

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THERMOMETER CALIBRATION

page: 6 calibration

Determine the lower

fixed point (Tb)

Determine the lower

fixed point (Tb)

Determine the upper fixed point

(Ta)

Determine the upper fixed point

(Ta)

Divided between Ta

and Tb

Divided between Ta

and Tb

Fix the scale (extend the lower/higher

scale)

Fix the scale (extend the lower/higher

scale)

Freezing point at 1 atm

Freezing point at 1 atm

Boiling point at 1 atm

Boiling point at 1 atm

Every part = themperature per

unit

Every part = themperature per

unit

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Thermometer Scale

The kinds of thermometer scale are Celcius(C), Reamur(R), Fahrenheit(F), Kelvin(K) dan Rankine(Rn)

page: 7 thermometer scale

TaTa

TbTb

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Thermometer Scale

The relation of Celcius scale with Fahrenheit scale

page 8 hermometer scale

180

32

100

FC TT

The relation of Reamur scale with Fahrenheit scale

180

32

80

FR TT

TC = temperature in Celcius

scale

TF = temperature in

Fahrenheit scale

TR = temperature in Reamur

scale

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Thermometer Scale

The relation of Fahrenheit scale with Kelvin scale

page: 9 temperature

100

273

180

32

KF TT

The relation of Celcius scale with Kelvin scale

273100

273

100

KC

KC TTatauTT

TK = temperature in

Kelvin scale

TK = temperature in

Kelvin scale

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Body Expansion

Solid Expansion

page: 10 body expansion

Length expansion

Length expansion

Area expansion

Area expansion

Volume expansion Volume

expansion

Solid expansion

Solid expansion

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Body Expansion

1) Length expansion

page: 11 length expansion

= length increment (m)

o

T

o = initial length (m)

T = final length (m)

Txx o

T = temperature increase (o C atau K)

= coefficient of length expansion (o C -1atau K -1 )

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Body Expansion

1) Length expansion

page: 12 length expansion

o

T

Txx o oT

)1( ToT

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Body Expansion

2) Area expansion

page: 13 area expansion

oA = initial area (m2)

TxAxA o

= wide increment (m 2)A

TA = final area (m 2)

T = temperature increase (oC or K)

= coeffisien of area expansion (oC -1 or K -1 ) 2

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Body Expansion

2) Area expansion

page: 14 area expansion

TxAxA o AAA oT

)1( TAA oT

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Body Expansion

3) Volume expansion

page: 15 volume expansion

oV = Initial Volume (m3)

TxVxV o

= Volume increment (m3)V

TV = Final Volume (m3)

T = temperature increase (o C atau K)

= Coeffisien of volume expansion (oC-1atau K-1 ) 2

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Body Expansion

3) Volume expansion

page: 16 volume expansion

TxVxV o VVV oT

)1( TVV oT

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Body Expansion

Liquid expansion

page: 17 liquid expansion

Liquids only experience volume expansionLiquids only experience volume expansion

TxVxV o

)1( TVV oT

Source: http://forum.detik.com/showthread.php?p=6902243

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Body Expansion

Gas expansion

page: 18 gas expansion

cT

V

constantaPxV

P = pressureV = volumeT = temperature (ºK )

P = pressureV = volumeT = temperature (ºK )

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Body Expansion

Gas expansion

page: 19 gas expansion

Based on Boyle’s Law

& Gay-Lussac’s Law

Based on Boyle’s Law

& Gay-Lussac’s Law

Gas expansionGas expansion

Constant pressureConstant pressure Constant volumeConstant volume

)1( TVV o )1( TPP o

= Coeffisien of gas expansion (oC -1 or K-

1)

oP = initial pressure (N/m) P= final pressure (N/m)

1

273

1 Cgas