TEMSInvestigationforGSM

INDEX1) UnderstandingSignallingChannelCoding

a) ChannelCodingofSpeechSignalb) Interleavingc) SilenceDescriptor(SIDFrame)d) FullandSubValues(RxQual,BER,FERDTXDownlinkRate)

2) StartingTEMSInvestigationGSM

a) UserInterfaceb) ConnectingExternalEquipmentsc) RecordingFunctionsd) LoadingMapse) PresentationWindows

i. RadioParametersii. CurrentChannel

f) SignallingWindowg) SystemInformation(Type1Type8)h) CallAssignment MobileOriginatingCall/MobileTerminatingCall LocationUpdate Disconnect Handovers

3) AnalysisofDriveTestdataa) ExportLogfileb) SetupSettingsc) MapInfoConversiond) CreateThematicMap

Additional

Signalinga) SignalingLayer3

1) ConnectionManagementsublayeri. CallControlii. ShortMessageServiceSupportiii. SupplementaryServicesSupport

2) MobilityManagementsublayeri. Registrationmessagesii. Securitymessagesiii. ConnectionManagementmessages

3) RadioResourceManagementb) SignalingLayer2c) SignalingLayer1

SignalingChannelCoding

ChannelcodingofSpeechsignal

1) Firstspeechissampledandsegmentedintoblocksof20ms2) Thenitiscompressedinspeechcodertoconsist260bits.3) 260bitsdividedintothreedifferentclasses

a) VeryImportantbits(50bits)b) Importantbits(132bits)c) Notsoimportantbits(78bits)

Channelcoding(FullRateTrafficSpeechSignal)

AfterChannelcoder,456OutputbitsareInterleavedandsegmentedintoBursts,thesearesendoverairInterface.AtreceiverendChanneldecoderwilltransform456bitsto260bits,thesewillpassthroughspeechdecoderandoutputof20msspeechsignalwillberetrievedChannelCoder456Outputbits(InterleavedandsegmentedintoBursts) AirInterface(456Bits)20msSpeechSpeechDecoder260BitsChannelDecoder

ChannelCoding(Signalling):AllInformationbitsareprotectedbyFIREcodeforerrordetectionandallinformationbitsareconvolutioncoded.

ChannelcodingofsignalingonControlchannels1) Nowbothspeechandsignalingframesarein456bits/frame.2) 456bitsaresplitinto8parts=57bitseach

456bits

57 57 57 57 57 57 57 57

Burst: DataStreamtransmittedinonetimeslot Anormalburstcancontain2Blocksof57bitsTAIL(3) DATA(57) FACCH

FLAG(1)TSC(26) FACCH

FLAG(1)DATA(57) TAIL(3) GUARD

(8.25)InterleavingSpeechisinterleavedover8halfbursts;SACHCHisinterleavedover4wholebursts.

E.g.atozisspeechframesandAisaSACCHblockasshowninthefigure HalfpartofaspeechframeistransmittedoverpreviousSACCHmultiframe zframewillbefinishedonnextSACCHframe.

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SPEECHFRAMEMappingonSACCH(4x26TCHmultiFrame)fig:(SF1)

FourSACCHtimeslot=SACCHBlock(containssysteminformationBSMS,

measurementreportonUplinkchannel) IDLEtimeslotsusedforsearchingSCH(synchronizationchannel)burston

NeighboringcellsholdingthetimingandBSICvalueofthecell. Noweachburstlasts0.577ms(exactly15/26ms)andthuseightburstslast4.615ms 0.577ms4.615ms

1Timeslot 8timeSlotsfor8users

1SACCHperiod=4.615x104bursts (4X26=104BURSTS) =480ms

SilenceDescriptor(SIDframe):asshowninthefigurenhalfburstsaresilencedescriptorframe ItisusedwhenDTX(DiscontinuousTransmission)isactiveandit

containsparametersrepresentingbackgroundnoiseonthemicrophone. VAD(voiceactivitydetector)continuouslymonitoreachspeechframe

containing20msofspeech. IfVADfindsasilentframe,itanalyzesbackgroundnoiseinspeech

frameandcreatesaSIDframewhichwillreplacetheoriginalsilentspeechframe.

AslongasVADdoesnotdetectanyspeech,oneSIDframeperSACCHmultiframewillbesent.

FULLandSUBvaluesFULLvaluesarebasedonallframesonSACCHmultiframewhethertheyaretransmittedfromBSornot

IfDTXisusedonDLtheFULLvalueisinvalidinthatperiodandwillgivehighBER,becausetheyincludebiterrormeasurementsinthatperiodwherenothinghasbeensent.SUBvalueisbasedonmandatoryframes(alwaysmustbetransmitted)onSACCHmultiframe.SACCHBlockAbursts,andSIDframenburstsasshowninfigSF1

RXQual:Value:0to7

Eachvaluecorrespondstoestimatednumberofbiterrorsinnumberofbursts.

RXQualBER(Biterrorrate)qua0 (BER12.8%0)

BERiscalculatedoverfour26Multiframes(1SACCHMultiframe),oneachTCHblock(8/2=4TCHbursts)andonSACCHblock(4SACCHbursts). ForeachTCHblock378class1bitsareused

(50(MostImpbits)+3(CRC)+132Importantbits+4tailbits)x(coded@1/2) SACCHblock456bitsareused. IfTCHblockisreplacedbyFACCHmessage,insteadof378,456bitsareused

NumberofTCHbits=(Noof26Multiframes)x(NoofTCHblocksper26Multiframes)x

(NoofbitsperTCHblocks) =(4x6x378) i.e.(4x6x378)+456)=9528bitsoneachSACCHmultiframeifTCHchannel

and3x456=1368bitsifSDCCHchannel

BER(BitErrorRate):AfterChanneldecoderdecoded456bitblock,itiscodedagainandcomparewith456bitsInputandthenumberofbitsthatdifferincomparingbothblocksresultsinBER.(BiterrorsareaccumulatedinBERsumforeachSACCHMultiframe;thisbiterrorSUMis

dividedtotalnumberofbitsperSACCHMultiframeandclassified(07)).

FER(FrameErasureRate){0to100%}:FERisbasedonnumberofblocksthathavebeendiscardedduetoerrorinCRC(Cyclicredundancycheck:(Protects50mostimportantbits))

FER(%)=(No.ofBlockswithincorrectCRC/TotalNoofBlocks)x100

FERFullTotalnumberofblocksonfullrateTCHchannel=24TCH+1SACCH=25Blocks

FERFull(%)=(NoofblockswithincorrectCRC/25)x100

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E.g.FER1Asshowninfigf,i,kframeshaveincorrectCRC.

FERFull(%)=(3/25)x100=12%ab

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E.g.FER2Iff,i,kandAframeshaveincorrectCRC

FERFull=(4/25)x100=16%

FERSUBTotalnumberofmandatoryblocksonfullrateTCHChannel=1TCH+1SACCH=2BlocksIne.g.FER2.asshowninthefigureIff,i,kandAframeshaveincorrectCRCFERSUBonlycountsSACCH(A)andSID(n)frames.SothereisanerrorinAbutthereisnoerrorinn

FERSUB=(1/2)x100=50%

DTXDownlinkRate:ThisIndicatesthathowmanyTCHframeswerenotsenttoMSduringlastSACCHmultiframe,thisvaryfrom0to96%Canneverbe100%becauseframecontainingSIDinformationmustbesentforeachSACCHmultiframe.

DTXDLRate(%)=(Noofsilentblocks/totalNoofBlocks)x100EachSACCHMultiframehas24TCHframes,sototalNoofblocks=24ItisanIndicationwhetherDTXDLisusedinGSMNetworksasthereisnoparameterinGSMtotellmobileifDTXDLisusedornotIfDTXrateisveryhighforwholeperiodoftimeduringacalltherecouldbeasilentcallprobleminthenetwork

Anyproblemwithsilentcalllocatedbeforethevoiceactivitydetector(VAD)intheTranscoderunit(TRAU)inBasestationsubsystem(BSS)canbefoundusingDTXDLrateinformationelement.

STARTINGTEMSINVESTIGATIONTEMSInvestigationisanairinterfacetesttoolforrealtimediagnostics.YoucanmonitorvoicechannelsaswellasdatatransferoverGPRS,circuitswitched(CSD)orhighspeedcircuitswitched(HSCSD)connections.StartingTEMSInvestigationChooseStart>Programs>TEMSProducts>TEMSInvestigationGSM.

UserInterface WorkspaceandWorksheetsThiswillstorewindowsettingsinyourworkingsession

ToolbarsToaccessthecentralFunctions

NavigatorToopenpresentationwindows,Thresholdvaluestherepresentationcolorscanbechangedfromhere

Menu StatusThiswilldisplaysymbolsandshortmessageswhichindicatethecurrentstatusoftheapplication

ConnectingExternalEquipmentsSemiAutomaticEnabling:UsingtheIdentifyEquipmentFunction

ConnecttheTEMSmobilestationtoaCOMport.

IdentifyEquipment:applicationstartstoscantheselectedCOMportsforexternaldevices

ForTEMSmobiles,TEMSandDATAcablesaredetectedasseparateunits

TheTEMScablewillbedesignatedbyMSnandtheDATAcablebyDCn,wherenisalwaysidenticalforthetwocablesconnectedtothesamemobile.ScannersarenamedMSnandGPSunitsPSn. Thedetecteddevicesareautomaticallyenabled,butnotconnected;thisstateisindicatedbyaredlightsymboltotheleftofeachdevice

ManualEnabling:AddingOneDeviceataTimeSelect Add Equipment

Select the correct COM port Select the type of external device

R520m for the TEMS cable, and choose R520m Data Cable for the DATA cable. The two cables will be treated as different devices in TEMS Investigation.

Connecting External Equipment

Connect the Equipment

Connect All the Connections

Disconnecting External Equipment

Disconnect Connection

Disconnect all Connections

RECORDING LOGFILES

Start recording

Mention the path to store the recorded logfile.

Recording functions

FilemarksaretextstringswhichcanbeinsertedmanuallyinalogfiletomentionthespecialeventnoticedduringdriveTestandthatcanbeeasilyfindoutwhilereplayingtheLogFiles.

LOADINGMAPSINTEMS

1. OpentheMAPwindowandclickOPENMAP

2. SelecttheMapInfoFilefromtherespectivelocation.

3. SelectMapInfositeandcellfile

4. SelectlayercontrolformakingchangesinvisibilityoftheselectedMapInfofiles.

Presentation Window We can select many more windows like AMR parameter windows, MAP on GSM window according to our need and convenience.

Serving+Neighbors CurrentChannel LineChart RadioParameters

Serving+Neighbors:Shows BSIC,ARFCN andRxLev for the serving cell and its neighboring cells, with theservingcellat the topand theneighborsbelow it, sortedbysignal strength indescendingorder.

DEDICATED MODE

CellName :CellsiteDescribesincellfile. ARFCN:(Allocatedradiofrequencychannel) BSIC :BaseStationIdentificationcode. RxLev :ReceivingLevelindBm.

C1&C2 :Cellpathlossparameterandcellreselectionparameter.(Inidlemode). C31&C32 :GPRSsignalstrengththresholdandGPRScellrankingcriterion.Valid

inbothpacketidleandpacketdedicatedmode.IDLEMODE

C1: PATHLOSSPARAMETER

RadioCriteriaC1=(AMax(B,0))

A =ReceivedLevelAveragep1B =p2MaximumRFPoweroftheMobileStationp1 =rxLevelAccessMinp2 =msTxPowerMaxCCH

C2: CELLRESELECTIONPARAMETERC2=C1+cellReselectOffsettemporaryOffsetxH(penaltyTimeT)whenpenaltyTime640

OrC2=C1cellReselectOffsetwhenpenaltyTime=640

H(x) =1whenx>=0H(x) =0whenx

RADIO PARAMETERS

Gives the status of the radio link (current BCCH, signal strength, FER(Frame Erasure Rate), BER (Bit Error Rate), SQI (speech quality Index), DTX (Discontinuous Transmission), TA (Timing Advance).

RXLEV :ChannelRxLev(dBm) (120...10dBm)Measuredsignalstrengthlevelforcurrentchannel.

RXQUAL :VoicequalitymeasuredonBER (0...7)

FER :FrameErasureRate

(Percentageofframesbeingdroppedduetohighnumberofnoncorrectedbiterrorsintheframe).

BERActual :(Numberofbiterrors/Numberofbitstransmitted)

SQI :SpeechQualityIndex.

SQIupdatedat0.5sintervals.ComputedonbasisofBERandFER.

MSPowerControlLevel:Powercontrol(0to8)dependinguponnetworkdesign.E.g.0meansnopowercontrol,1meanslevelthatisdefinedbyoperatorviz.2dBm

DTX :Discontinuoustransmission(DTX)

Radiotransmitterswitchedoffduringspeechpauses.Itreducesthepowerconsumptionofthetransmitter&decreasesoverallinterferencelevelontheradiochannelsaffectingthecapacityofthenetwork..

TA :TimingAdvance.

Basestationcalculatesfromaccessburstsandsendstothemobilestation(MS)enablingtheMStoadvancethetimingofitstransmissionstotheBSsoastocompensateforpropagationdelay.

CURRENTCHANNEL

Time :Systemtimeofcomputer.

Cellname :Displaysnameofservingsector(fromcellfilethatisloadedinTEMS).

CGI :CellGlobalIdentityUniqueforeverysectorofthesite.CGI=MCC+MNC+LAC+CI.

MCC :MobileCountryCode0999(e.g.404India),MNC :MobileNetworkCode099(e.g.98)LAC :LocationAreaCode065535(e.g.5129)CI :CellIdentity065535(e.g.2723).

CellGPRSSupport:SectorGPRSenableornot.(Yes/No).

Band :Freq.Bandmobileisoperatinge.g.GSM900/1800.

BCCHARFCN :BroadCastChannelAllocatedRadioFrequencyChannel.

TCHARFCN :TrafficChannel(Frequency).

BSIC :(BaseStationIdentityCode)

BSIC=NCC(NetworkColorCode07)+BCC(BaseStationColorCode07)Timeslot :CurrentTCH.(TimeslotnumberofTRX).

ChannelType :CurrentChannelofmobileE.g.BCCH/SDCCH/8+SACCH/C8orCBCH/TCH/F+FACCH/F+SACCH/F.

ChannelMode:Modeofcoding(e.g.SpeechFullRateorHalfRate).

SpeechCodec :

FR =FullRate,HR =HalfRate&EFR =EnhancedFullRate.

CipheringAlgorithm :CipheringalgorithmusedbythesystemSecurity

E.g.CipherbyA5/2.

SubChannelNumber :SDCCHofMSoutof8available.E.g.=2.

HoppingChannel :HoppingavailableornotonparticularSector.(YesorNo)

HoppingFrequencies :Displaysno.offrequenciesallottedforhoping,particularsector.MA(MobileAllocation)List.

MobileAllocationIndexOffset(MAIO):

NumberwhichtellsfromwhichfrequencyfromgivenMAlistofasectorhoppingistobestarted.E.g.0Hopingwillstartfromfirstfrequency.

HoppingSequenceNumber(HSN):

HoppingSequenceoffrequencies(fromtheMAList).(063). 0 :CyclicHopping

163 :Randomhoppingsequences.

SIGNALLINGWINDOWInsignalingourmainconcernisofLayer3messages

SystemInformation

InformationaboutthenetworkwhichMSneedtocommunicatewiththenetwork.SysteminformationmessagesarecontinuouslysentontheBCCHandSACCHbytheBTStoallidle(BCCH)andactive(SACCH)mobilesinacell.

SystemInformation1.CellchanneldescriptionRACHcontrolparameters

2.NeighborcellsdescriptionNCCpermittedRACHcontrolparametersAbis.Neighborcellsdescription(extension)RACHcontrolparameters

Ater.AdditionalmultibandinformationNeighborcellsdescription(otherbands)

3.LocationareaidentificationCellidentityControlchanneldescriptionCelloptionsCellselectionparametersRACHcontrolparametersSI3restoctets

4.LocationareaidentificationCellselectionparametersRACHcontrolparametersCBCHchanneldescriptionCBCHmobileallocationSI4restoctets

5.Neighborcellsdescription

AbisNeighborcellsdescription(extension)

AterAdditionalmultibandinformationNeighborcellsdescription(otherbands)

6.LocationareaidentificationCellidentityCelloptionsNCCpermitted

7.SI7restoctets

8.SI8restoctets

9.Packetdatainformation

1) SystemInformationType1

InfrequencyhoppingMSneedstoknowwhichfrequencybandtouseandwhichfrequencieswithinthebandtobeuseduringhopping.Thisinformationisprovidedinthecellchanneldescriptioninformationelementsentinsysteminformationtype1.InformationabouthowtheMSshouldperformtoaccessthesystemisalsoprovided. CellChannelDescription

MSisinformedaboutfrequenciesthatareusedinthecell.

GSM900:bitmap0formatisusedInformationelementisdividedintotwoparts:

CANO:Cellallocationnumbershowswhichbandisused.CANO= 0;GM900CANO= 1;EGSMCANO= 2;GSM1800.

CAARFCN:Absoluteradiofrequencychannelnumberforallfrequenciesusedinthecell.A124bitsbitmapisused.Abitsetto1indicatesthatthefrequencywiththatnumberisusedinthecell.

GSM1800andGSM1900:Severaldifferentformatscanbeused,Informationelementisdividedintotwoparts

FORMATID:Indicatesformatoftheinformationelement.Secondpartoftheinformationelementrepresentsthefrequenciesthroughspecialencodingschemes

RACHControlParameters

2) SystemInformationType2

ListofBCCHfrequenciesusedintheneighboringcells.TheMSneedsthisinformationbecauseitmustlistentothesysteminformationintheneighboringcellsoccasionally.TheMSalsousesthislistoffrequencieswhenmeasuringthesignalstrengthofneighboringcells.TheMSisalsoinformedwhichPLMNNetworkColorCodes(NCC)itmaymonitor.

NeighborCellsDescription:DenotefrequenciesoftheBCCHcarrierstobemonitoredbytheMSsinthecell.

3) SystemInformationType3TheMSmustknowthecurrentlocationareasidentitybecauseachangeinlocationareameansthattheMSmustupdatethenetwork.Inordertocalculateitspaginggroup,theMSneedsspecificparameterscontainedinthecontrolchanneldescription.ThedescriptionalsoinformstheMSaboutperiodicregistrationanditinformsMSifitshouldinformthesystemwhenitisabouttoentertheidlemode.WhentheMSisinidlemode,itdecidesbyitselfwhichcellstocampon.InformationneededbytheMSforcellselectionandreselectionisalsobroadcastinsysteminformationtype3.

4) SystemInformationType4(CellbroadcastFunction:AllowsbroadcastingshortmessagestoallMSsinoneormorecells).Insysteminformationtype4,MSsareinformedifthecellbroadcastfunctionisusedinthiscellandonwhatfrequencytheCBCHisfound.TheLAI,thecellselectionparameters,theRACHcontrolparametersandrestoctetsalsoincludedintype4message.

5) SystemInformationType5 WhenMSinbusymode,SACCHisactivated.Ontheuplink,theMSsendsmeasurementreports,andonthedownlinkthenetworksendsoutputpowerandTAfortheMStouse.AlsoMSreceivesinformationaboutthefrequenciesusedasBCCHcarriersinneighboringcellsonSACCH.Signalstrengthofthesefrequenciesaremonitoredandreportedinthemeasurementreportforhandoverpurposes.Frequenciesintheneighborcellsdescriptiongivenheremaydifferfromthosesentinsysteminformationtype2.Activemode:MSmeasuresonareducednumberofBCCHfrequenciesinordertoimprovetheaccuracyofthemeasurements.InIdlemode:MSmeasuresonagreaternumberoffrequenciestoreducethetimerequiredtoestablishcontactwiththenetworkafterpoweron.ThistimereductionoccursonlyiftheidleBAlistwasstoredatthepreviouspoweroff.

6) SystemInformationType6Inactivemode,MSneedstoknowiftheLAIchangesIfLAIchangestheMShastodolocationupdatingwhenthecallisreleased.IfMSchangesbetweencells(withinthelocationarea)whereRLINKTorDTXconditionsdifferthenewcelloptionsmustbereportedtotheMS.LMNpermittedisalsoincludedinthesysteminformationtype6.

7) SystemInformationType7Systeminformationtype7isoptionallysentonBCCHextendedifsysteminformationtype4doesnotcontainallinformationneededforcellreselection.

8) SystemInformationType8 Systeminformationtype8isoptionallysentonBCCHextendedifsysteminformationtype4doesnotcontainallinformationneededforcellreselection.

CallAssignmentCallassignmenttakesplacewhenaMobileStationmakesacall(MobileOriginatingCall)orreceivesacall(MobileTerminatingCall).

1) MobileOriginatingCall

MobileOriginatingaCall

MobileTerminatingaCall

MobileOriginatingaCall

2) LocationUpdate

TheMSCneedstoknowunderwhichlocationareatheMobileStationcanbereachedandLocationAreaInformationisneededforthepagingmadebytheBTS.

3) DisconnectWhentheMobileStationortheNetworkwanttofinishacallforsomereason

a) NetworkInitiated

b) MobileStationInitiated

4) Handovers Different protocols are for different handover processes, e.g. in synchronized handover, no timing advance information is needed. This decreases the protocol so that no physical information needs to be sent.

a) SynchronizedHandover

b) NonSynchronizedHandover

c) Handover Failure

AnalysisoftheDriveTestData

1. EXPORTLOGFILES:ExporttheLogFilestoandconversionto.tabformat

SelecttheFormatofthefileasMap info Tab-file; as shown in the figure 2) ChangetheSetupSettingsforMapInfoTabfile

SelecttheInformationElementsfromtheavailableInformationElementsinthedesiredTechnology(GSM)e.g.ARFCNBCCH,RxLevFull,RxLevSub,RxQualFullRxQualSub,SpeechQualityIndex(SQI)YoucanalsosavetheSelectedInformationElementssettings(.mexformat).

NowselecttheInputfiles(youcanselectmorethenonefilesalltogether) SelecttheOutputdirectorywhereyouwanttosavetheOutput NameoftheOutputfilewillbefromPrefixandSuffix

NowStarttheprocedureforexportingtheLogfile

AstheExportisdonesuccessfullytheexportResultswillbedisplayedasshowninthefig

3) OpentheMapInfoConvertedLogFilesintoMapInfoTool

CreateThematicMap:SelectMap>CreateThematicMap

YoucanselectdifferenttypesaccordingtoyourrequirementE.g.Ranges,BarChart,PieCharts,Graduated,DotDensity,Individual,Grids.

E.g.ifwehaveselectedRagesinthisExampleforRxLevel

E.g.Field:RxLevSubYoucanmodifytheRages,StyleandLegendsaccordingtoyourrequirement,asshowninthefiguretheRangesandStylearemodified

CustomizingRangeandStyle

RxLevelSUB(definedasRange)SimilarlyaccordingtotherequirementtheThematicMapcanbedrawn,E.g.forARFCN(BCCH),wehavetotaketheIndividualValuesnottheRangesaswehavetakenforRxLev

ARFCN(BCCH)(definedasIndividual)

REPORTGENERATIONINTEMSINVESTIGATION

Goto LogFile>ReportGenerator

Orselect

ReportWizardwillgetopen

AddtheLogfilesfromthererespectivelocations SelecttheOutputdirectory

YoucanchangetheReportPropertiesasperyourrequirements,asshowninthefigureforCallEventsandThresholdValuesSelectFinishforcompletingtheTask

TheStatisticsReportwillbegeneratedintheOutputdirectorydefined OpentheindexFilefromStatisticsReportDirectoryasshowninthefigure.

TEMSInvestigationGSM4.1.1

ReportNo ___________________Date 20070406 Time12:56 Preparedby ___________________

Logfileinformation

#[Index] Logfiles HW[MS1] HW[MS2] GPS

1 idle8.log T68iR1F YES

2 idle9.log T68iR1F YES

3 mo_mt_sms_1.log T68iR1F YES

4 mo_mt_sms_2.log T68iR1F YES

5 mo_mt_sms_3.log T68iR1F YES

6 ded.log T68iR1F YES

7 ded1.log T68iR1F YES

8 ded2.log T68iR1F YES

9 ded3.log T68iR1F YES

10 ded4.log T68iR1F YES

11 ded5.log T68iR1F YES

12 ded6.log T68iR1F YES

13 ho.log T68iR1F YES

14 ho_1.log T68iR1F YES

15 idle.log T68iR1F YES

16 idle1.log T68iR1F YES

17 idle2.log T68iR1F YES

18 idle3.log T68iR1F YES

19 idle4.log T68iR1F YES

20 idle5.log T68iR1F YES

21 idle6.log T68iR1F YES

22 idle7.log T68iR1F YES

Totalduration:01:08:27.67

ActiveMS

MS1

DC1

MS2

DC2

InformationElement Range

%ofmeas.

#[no.of]

Averageduration(hh:mm:ss)

#Cell #Log

DTXRateDL >80 9.4 101 00:00:01.94 3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,14

DTXRateDL >1 20.4 260 00:00:01.59 3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14

FERActual(%)

>8 7.7 125 00:00:01.09 6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14

FERActual(%)

>4 9.0 140 00:00:01.12 6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14

FERFull(%) >8 18.7 211 00:00:01.73 3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,14

FERFull(%) >4 21.2 260 00:00:01.60 3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14

FERSub(%) >51 1.8 37 00:00:00.86 6,8,9,11

FERSub(%) >1 5.9 131 00:00:00.80 6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14

MSPowerControlLevel

>10 0

MSPowerControlLevel

>20 0

RxLevFull(dBm)

2 42.6 401 00:00:02.61 1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,18,19,20,21,22

RxQualSub >5 8.6 211 00:00:01.24 1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,14,15,19,20,22

RxQualSub >2 19.5 343 00:00:01.52 1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,14,15,19,20,22

SQI 38 0

Thresholds

Events

Event #[no.of] Relationship #Cell #Log

BlockedCall 91 3,4,5,6,21

CallAttempt 96 3,4,5,6,8,21

CallSetup 93 3,4,5,8,9,10,12,13,21

DroppedCall 1 6

GPRSAttachFailure 0

GPRSPDPContextActivation

0

GPRSPDPContextActivationFailure

0

GPRSAuthenticationFailure 0

GPRSRoutingAreaUpdate

0

GPRSRoutingAreaUpdateFailure

0

Handover(Intracell) 28 6,8,9,10,11

Handover 56 6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14

HandoverFailure 3 6,9

PingTimeout 0

RASError 0

SessionError 0

AsshownintheaboveStatswecaneasilyfindoutthatwhicharetheLogFileswhereparticularEvenhadhavehappened.E.g. BlockedCall:logfile3,4,5,6and21

DroppedCall:logfile6WecanreplaytheseLogfilesandcanfindoutthereasonforthesamebystudyingtheRadioParametersatthatparticularevent.

Distributiongraphsofalllogfiles

Additional

SIGNALING

RadioInterfaceProtocolStructureSIGNALINGLAYER3Layer3providestheMobileNetworkSignaling(MNS)servicetotheuserapplication.ItIncludes

Functionstoestablish,maintainandterminatecircuitswitchedconnectionsacrossaGSMPLMNandothernetworkstowhichthePLMNisconnected.

Supportingfunctionsforsupplementaryservicesandshortmessageservicecontrol. Functionsformobilitymanagementandradioresourcemanagement.

Protocolcontrolentitiesexistinthethreesublayers:

ConnectionManagement(CM)sublayer MobilityManagement(MM)sublayer RadioResourcemanagement(RR)sublayer

TheRRfunctionsresidemainlyintheBSC,althoughsomeRRfunctionsmayresideintheMSC.IntheBTS,mostoftheRRmessagesarehandledastransparentmessages.

Umlayer3,distributionofsignalingfunctions

CONNECTIONMANAGEMENTCMsublayercontainsfunctionsfor:

CallControlandcallrelatedsupplementaryservicesmanagement(CC). ShortMessageService(SMS). NoncallrelatedSupplementaryServicesmanagement(SS).

CallControlCallControlsignalingproceduresaredescribedas:

Callestablishmentprocedures Proceduresduringtheactivestate Callclearing Miscellaneousprocedures

ShortMessageServiceSupport(SMS):Itcomprisesof

ShortMessageControl(SMC)ShortMessageControlProtocol(SMCP):PeercontrolfortransfershortmessagesbetweenMSandMSC

SupplementaryServicessupport(SS)Notrelatedtoaspecificcall.E.g.registrationofcallforwardingonnoreplyorcallwaiting.

MOBILITYMANAGEMENT

Registrationmessages:

IMSIdetachindication Locationupdatingaccept Locationupdatingreject Locationupdatingrequest

Securitymessages:

Authenticationreject Authenticationrequest Authenticationresponse Identityrequest Identityresponse TMSIreallocationcommand TMSIreallocationcomplete

Connectionmanagementmessages:

CMserviceaccept CMservicereject CMserviceabort CMservicerequest CMreestablishmentrequest Abort Miscellaneousmessage: MMstatus

RADIORESOURCEMANAGEMENT

TheRRsublayerreceivesservicefromlayer2andgivesservicetotheMMsublayer.Inaddition,RRcommunicatesdirectlywithlayer1forexchangeofinformationrelatedtomeasurementcontrolandchannelmanagement.ThegeneralpurposeoftheRRproceduresistoestablish,maintainandreleaseaRRconnectionbetweentheMSandthenetwork.Thisincludeshandoverprocedures,cellselectionatpoweronandinidlemode,recoveryfromlackofcoverageinidlemodeaswellascellreselectioninbusymode.

Channelestablishmentmessages: Cipheringmessages: Handovermessages: Channelreleasemessages: Pagingmessages: Systeminformationmessages: Miscellaneousmessages:

SIGNALINGLAYER2LinkAccessProcedureson theDm channel (LAPDm) is the layer2protocolused to conveysignalinginformationbetweenlayer3entitiesacrosstheradiointerface,usingtheDmchannel.Dm channel refers to thecontrol channels. Includesbroadcast, commonordedicated controlchannels.LAPDm isaprotocolthatoperatesatthedata link layeroftheOSIstructure.Itspurpose istoprovide a reliable signaling link. It receives services from the physical layer and providesservicestolayer3.LAPDmisbasedontheISDNprotocolLAPD,whichisusedontheAbisinterface.TwotypesofoperationonthedatalinkaresupportedbyLAPDm.

1. Unacknowledgedoperation2. Acknowledged(ormultipleframe)operation

UNACKNOWLEDGEDOPERATIONMessages thatneednotbeacknowledgedaresent inUnnumbered Information (UI)frames.Thismeansthatthereisnoflowcontrolorerrorrecoverymechanismdefined.

ACKNOWLEDGED(MULTIPLEFRAME)OPERATIONWhen an answer or acceptance is required, operation in acknowledged mode isapplied.Acknowledgedmodeisapplicableondedicatedcontrolchannelsonly.Layer3messagesaresentinnumberedIframes.Inthiscase,anumberofconsecutiveIframes (awindow)canbesentbeforeanacknowledgment is required.However, forLAPDm the size of the window is one, which means that each frame must beacknowledgedbeforethenextoneissent.

SIGNALINGLAYER1

Thesignalinglayer1,alsocalledthephysicallayer,representsthefunctionsrequiredtotransferthebitsoverthephysicalchannels,ontheradiomedium.Inadditiontosignalinglayer2,layer1interfacesotherfunctionalunits,suchasspeechcoderandterminaladapters,forthesupportoftrafficchannels.

2) Location Update