TEMS Training

INTRODUCTIONwhats TEMS TEMS as DRIVE TEST TOOLSdrive testing highlightmode of drive testscan TEMS to see how the network runsthe usewhat to see what to measurecasesguidelines

TEMS = Test Mobile SystemProduct by ERICSSON

Solution Tools for Wireless Network to Plan, optimized, and expand their systems.

A Test tool use to read and control information sent over the airInterface between the base station and the mobile station in GSM/cellular system. It can also used for radio coverage measurement

IntroductionWHATS TEMS

IntroductionWHATS TEMSProduct of TEMS TEMS Transmitter TEMS Light TEMS Indoor TEMS Investigation TEMS Deskcat TEMS Drive Tester TEMS Pocket

TEMS Automatic

TEMS CellPlanner TEMS LinkPlanner TEMS Automatic TEMS CellSight TEMS Visualization

IntroductionWHATS TEMS

TEMSTEMS INVESTIGATION

IntroductionWHATS TEMSSoftwareHandset

IntroductionWHATS TEMSTEMS Investigation version:

TEMS Classic/98: SH888; post process with 3rd-party-s/w TEMS 2: R230; post process with 3rd-party-s/w TEMS 3: R520; post process with 3rd-party-s/w TEMS 4: T68; export from TEMS TEMS 5: T610; export from TEMS TEMS 6: various handset; data collection & route analysis TEMS 7: various handset; data collection & route analysis

As Drive Test ToolsDRIVE TESTING HIGHLIGHTSDrive Test = Testing the network in particular area to give the real picture of the networks performance on the field, with a certain tools.Drive TestOptimizationMichael pipikakisEvaluating and ImprovingThe Quality of Service of Second Generation Cellular SystemSeptember,2004

Drive testTEMSAs Drive Test ToolsDRIVE TESTING HIGHLIGHTS

As Drive Test ToolsDRIVE TESTING HIGHLIGHTSDrive Test EquipmentsNotes : -power supply needed, usually using inverter in the car from laptop, GPS and MS-GPS should use external antenna-MS can use external antenna or not use external antenna. (Use external antenna means measure RxLevel Pedestrian / Street Level) (Not use external antenna means measure RxLevel In car level) -> more realistic resultIf using scenario not external antenna, MS position should be carefully chosen and stable during drive test

As Drive Test ToolsMODE OF DRIVE TESTDedicated / Continuous / Long Call ModeMaking continuous call along drive test activity.

Before starting the route, call the drive test number, ex. 199 for Telkomsel,And only stop the call when the route (drive test) finish.To see the quality and coverage of the network

As Drive Test ToolsMODE OF DRIVE TEST

Idle Mode

Along the drive test activity, the MS is ON but no call occurTo see the coverage of the network

As Drive Test ToolsMODE OF DRIVE TESTSequential / Qos / Short Call ModeCreating the sequence of call along the drive test activityBefore starting the route create call sequence, for example:Create call for 70 s and idle for 10 s.Along the drive test, play this sequence until the route is finishedTo see the real network performance run, when people call

As Drive Test ToolsSCAN one of TEMS feature scan all or selected frequencies on the selected spot or route to find the clearest frequency Clean FrequencyApplication of frequency plan to find the best frequency to be use in the siteto identify interference adjacent channel and co channel

To See How the Network RunsTHE USEIn PLANNING works:

Drive Test Before InstallationPerform drive test before our network implemented. This data later will be compared with drive test after implementation, to justify.

Drive Test Before SWAPBefore swap (change operator network), drive testing needed to compare the current network with the network after swap. To justify the new network is better than before.

Drive Test BenchmarkingDrive test the whole area for the whole active networks, before our network implemented. So when our network implemented, can be competed well.

etc

To See How the Network RunsTHE USEIn Implementation Works:

Drive Test New Site/ Initial Drive TestInitiate the drive test after a site on-air. Make sure that site perform well after on-air. Test Call New SiteConducting tests call at a new On-Air site, to justify the performance of a site just after On-Air.

Drive Test Upgrade/Expand TRXAfter implement new TRX or expand TRX, a drive test performed to justify that site working well with the new TRX.

Drive Test SFH/Hopping implementation After implement SFH/hopping in the network, a drive test performed to justify that this hopping solution working well with the whole network.

etc

To See How the Network RunsTHE USEIn Optimization works:

Drive Test Handover/ Add & Delete neighborsDrive test conducted after theres changing in neighbours database. Make sure the add really added and the delete really deleted.

Drive Test before & after DowntiltDowntilt conducting, to get better coverage from each antenna. Drive test performed to make sure the better coverage from each angle changed.

Drive Test Network AuditPerforming drive test activity to maintain the whole network. Could be an annual work.

Drive Test Benchmarkperforming drive test to get justification about our network. Can compete or not. With comparing the whole network including 'us in drive test.

Drive Test troubleshootingDrive test for special troubleshooting case. Such as, a site that cannot handover from sites surround it, a site that cannot transmit good signal and cannot achieve its coverage. etc,

How TEMS works?

Several measurement is only available and recorded in idle mode (C1,C2 etc) Several measurement is only available and recorded in dedicated mode (RxQual, SQI, FER etc) This is happen because of GSM system network works, not because setting in TEMS

There are several option/feature can be activated by user (force handover, lock handover etc) which change TEMS measurement behavior

IMPORTANT NOTICE : In GSM network there are a lot of parameters which change the network behavior, it is make the network very flexible. Due to this reason, TEMS has ability to monitor network with parameters on (FULL mode) and with parameters off (SUB mode) for such as RxLev and RxQual.

When using FULL measurement result? Whenever we want to see BTS parameters settings works at live networkDTX off When using SUB measurement result ? Whenever we want to see BTS works without parametersDTX on

How TEMS measure FULL or SUB measurement? TEMS record both SUB and FULL measurement at the same time and at the same log files, it is just need to set what we wan to see in replay mode.

To See How the Network RunsWHAT TO SEE WHAT TO MEASUREParameters to See1. RxLevelLevel of Received signal strength. In dBm or Steps. If the value in form of step substract 110 to the value to get dBm value. RxLevel is received power level at MS (maximum RxLevel measured by MS is () 40 dBm

2. RxQual Received signal quality level, measured base on BER (bit error rate). The value is between 0-7, the lower the better.Better

3. SQIThe parameter used by TEMS to measure Speech Quality. SQI has been designed to cover all factors that RxQual lack to measure. SQI computation considers the factors:

the bit error rate (BER)the frame erasure rate (FER)data on handover eventsstatistics on the distribution of these parameters Better

4. Others

FERFrame erasure rate

BCCH-BSIC

HoppingSFH

C/IInterference

TATime Advance

C1Path loss criterion parameter C2Cell reselection criterion parameter in hierarchical cell structureTo See How the Network RunsWHAT TO SEE WHAT TO MEASURE

4. Others

FER Frame erasure rate; See on Radio Parameter windows

ARFCN BCCH-BSIC Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number of Broadcast Control Channel. Base Station Identity Code Important data of a site

Hopping Indicating if SFH implemented. See on Current Channel windows, on hopping channel, hopping frequencies, MAIO, HSN

C/I The carrier-over-interference ratio is the ratio between the signal strength of the current serving cell and the signal strength of undesired (interfering) signal components. The C/I measurement function built into TEMS Investigation enables the identification of frequencies that are exposed to particularly high levels of interference, something which comes in useful in the verification and optimization of frequency plans.

TA Timing Advance. Valid only in dedicated mode. ; To measure the distance of MS from serving cell. Valid only in dedicated mode. See on Radio Parameter windows.

C1 criteria used for cell selection and cell reselection

C2 criteria used for cell reselection

To See How the Network RunsCASESThe examples of How Drive Test can see a Network runs.

To See How the Network RunsCASESBTS Down

Get in to the site (whether its new or existing), then see on TEMS display, At parameters BCCH, BSIC. If the intended sites BCCH doesnt appear, the site is Down

If we dont have the site data. We can go the exact position of the site, near/under the antenna.Then see if on the serving cell, the Rxlev is good ( above -60 dBm)

To See How the Network RunsCASES2. HandoverWe need to check the handover between sector1 of Site A to sector3 of Site B.We start at the Site A. Check the parameters on TEMS. Make sure the serving cell nowIs from the sector1 of site A. See the neighbour, if the sector3 of site B appear.Start the drive test, with dedicated mode, to site B sector3 (specified the route first). The handover should be occur along this drive test. If its not, note this as a problem.See any possibility of the problem, such as: the neighbour not appear, possibility havent been created theres other site between theres obstacleThen do the opposite, start from sector3 Site B to sector1 Site A.

To See How the Network RunsCASES3. Swap FeederTheres a possibility that we have bad installation, for example swap feeder.Swap feeder occur when the installation switch by mistake, for example the feeder to sector1Became to sector 2, from BTS.We can see this from drive test.For example, we have a site with 2 sectors, with a road in front it, to be covered.We should have the data of this site, such as the BCCH of each sectors. We start the drive test from sector 1 to sector 2. While were on sector1 coverage, see if the BCCH of serving cell is the correct one, according to the data we have.And do the opposite from sector 2 coverage to sector1

sect1sect2

To See How the Network RunsCASES4. OvershootWhen we get the signal from the site that not close to the current area drive test.Usually we get bad RxQual and long/bigger TA.We can suspect this as a overshoot case. This case happen when a site/cell is serving faraway from its area.

GuidelinesDrive Test Types

Drive Test Continuous Route Drive Test is walk/ drive along the route non stop

Hot Spots Measurement

Drive Test only at certain spot (usually critical point), TEMS standing still, no movement for 1-5 minutes but still recording. Usually for scanning frequency or to investigate more detailed network behaviour

GuidelinesDrive Test Guideline

PreparationDont go to the field without a good preparation. Prepare the tools completeness, maps, cars, scenarios, sites data, knowing area we are heading to.Check ToolsBeside checking the tools completeness. Also check each tools if its working well, such as the GPS, inverter, handset, including SIM card.Some Rules- Avoid to have the same route twice, or go on the same road twice. - Beware of certain area, such as restricted area, one way street, traffic jam streets.- Create simple/effective way of scenarios, where to start until finishing the route.- Good cooperation with driver.- Make sure the roads on the route, can represent the whole network as samples.Pay AttentionEven if were only collecting data, we must focus on our activity. Avoid the things that can make us re-drive test , such as, data cable unplugged from its MS, forget to turn-off the GPRS mode when we dont need GPRS to measure, run out GPS batteries, forget to record, forget the purpose of the drive test, assure the data collected is right, pay attention of car speed, create notes for special events, etc.Reporting and AnalysisTEMS can divided as two, data collection and analysis. After drive test on the field, we must provide data to be analyze and reported. Make sure we can create a good report and analyze well, by performing all of the points above.

PlotReporting Guidelines

Drive test report basically can be divided as two: Plot and Statistic.

GuidelinesStatistics

BCCH:59logfilefloorRxLevel Average% RxQual Data = 0BRI11-65.1270627193%BRI22-58.2629262998%BRI33-57.5348066387%

Before we can create the report, make sure we have the right standard for each value reported. Such as how many ranges the treshold of RxLevel, and RxQual. The color ranges of SQI and FER, etc.

Export the right data for Plotting. To create Plot report, for example we need the logfile to be mapinfo files. Make sure we have TEMS 4 above, that can directly export the logfile into mapinfo file. Or, if we have TEMS 3 below, make sure we have third-party software that can create it, such as GIMS.

For statistic report, usually we only need the excel file and some of mapinfo data. Each version of TEMS investigation can export the logfile into text file, *.fmt. This format can open , and manage with Microsoft Excel.

5. Following the standard report of the customers.

Ms idTIMEFRAMEPOSITIONMESSAGE TYPEHEXADECIMAL STRINGLATLONMS115:41.72609056S 0000.0240E 00000.0314PAGING REQUEST TYPE 10F 0F 25 06 21 00 05 F4 30 A2 DB CC 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B MS115:43.12609362S 0000.0240E 00000.0318PAGING REQUEST TYPE 10F 0F 15 06 21 00 01 F0 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B MS115:44.52609668S 0000.0240E 00000.0319PAGING REQUEST TYPE 30F 0F 4D 06 24 00 30 C3 AC 76 30 C2 33 8E 30 C3 0F AF 30 C3 16 3E 83 2B 2B MS115:45.92609975S 0000.0240E 00000.0322PAGING REQUEST TYPE 10F 0F 41 06 21 00 05 F4 30 C3 9B 1A 17 05 F4 30 C3 AD 45 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B MS115:46.12610013S 0000.0239E 00000.0322IDLE MODE REPORT0E CF E2 00 0C D0 56 10 4D DA 0F CB D7 10 09 DA 0E 88 00 0F 46 80 MS115:47.32610281S 0000.0239E 00000.0327PAGING REQUEST TYPE 10F 0F 25 06 21 00 05 F4 30 C2 D0 1B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B

Layer 3 MessagesTo Monitor the event and signaling sent and received by Phone List Messages of event and signaling Often use in analysis, after Drive Test completed

-Replay the logfile, click a point on the route marker on map window, then see on layer 3 messages windows,detailed information on theassociated messages appears in this window

-Can double-click each list message from that window to open a new window displaying the full contents of the message.

Scanning Function inside TEMSTEMS Investigation supports scanning of radio frequency carriers (channels), using either a ordinary TEMS mobile station or a dedicated frequency scanner mobile, the TEMS Scanner. Scanning is handled from the Frequency Scanner window, and here the output of the scan is displayed, too

Scanning Function inside TEMS

BCCHBSICAverage Rx Level (dBm)5135-10452--1155326-11054--11455--10556--1155726-11158--11459--11560--11561--11162--11363--11564--11565--1156615-11067--11468--11469--11470--114

Scanning Function inside TEMSProcedure: Selecting Channels

In the Frequency Scanner window, choose the unit to use as scanner in the combo box. Click the Measurement Settings button. The channel selection is handled from the Scanned channels tab: Checking "Decode BSIC" causes the Base Station Identity Code to be decoded. It will be shown in the table to the right in the Frequency Scanner window

Performing Scan

Presenting Scan

Scanning Function inside TEMS To start scanning, click the Start Scanning button. While the scanning is going on, the status bar shows the padlock symbol , indicating that the scanner is busy. To stop scanning, click the Stop Scanning button. Bar Chart Line Chart Table

After Process / Report

Scanning Function inside TEMS Plot

Spreedsheet Directly capture Export to Mapinfo Export to text (.fmt), open and process with Excel spreedsheet

BCCHBSICAverage Rx Level (dBm)5135-10452--1155326-11054--11455--10556--1155726-11158--11459--11560--11561--11162--11363--11564--11565--1156615-11067--11468--11469--11470--114

Life time MS measurement equipment maximum 1 year, if more than 1 year need to be re-calibrateCalibration MSs cost almost the same price buy a new oneEricsson only support 2 version below for re-calibrate (eq : latest version is TEMS 7.0, means only can re-calibrate handset at version 5)If MS not calibrated or buy a new one, it will impact into the measurement (such as RxLevel and RxQual) will reduced and not valid => KPI will not achivedTEMS always have bugs (even latest version) both coming from software or from type MS itself, need knowledge to anticipated it (such as wrong RxLevel recorded)HINTS for MS:

PC which use for TEMS should turn off any usage of COM, IR, bluetooth, Wi-Fi, any accessories attached at PC should be turn off, set PC into Maximum Performance at Control Panel-System

Slow PC, low memory, low HD capacity will make MS disconnected suddenly when TEMS use for a long time, same things happened if the battery of PC/laptop is too hot

Turn off power saving feature in the laptop/PC

Turn off screen saver

It would be better drive test laptop is only for do drive test not for daily routineHINTS for PC/Laptop:

Make sure all connections cable at TEMS system is tight, as well external antennaFor indoor drive test, MS position is very crucial because some MS location can increase body loss or other losses (such as MS put behind laptop or put MS near body)Avoid doing drive test at busy hour especially will increase loss (eq : a lot of people in the mall will increase body loss, a lot of car in the basement, traffic jam) For 3G drive test, more user using 3G will reduce quality, do drive test at low traffic is essentialDrive test indoor need constant speed walk test (idle mode slower than dedicated mode)Drive test outdoor should be constant and not to fast ( max 40 km/h inner city and max 60 km/h outer city)Drive test recorded more than once at the same route (if possible) because it always given result slightly different. Take the best one as a reportResult Drive Test route for outdoor drive test should be ignored when drive test route inside tunnel, on top of fly over road, below fly over road, bridge. Pay attention that GPS cant work well if no LOS into the sky

HINTS for Drive Test:

ReferenceEricsson.com/temsMichael Pipikakis, Evaluating and Improving The Quality of Service of Second Generation Cellular System, September,2004TEMS Investigation 4.0 ManualTEMS Investigation 2.03 ManualTEMS Investigation 7.0 Product Description

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