TENDONS & LIGAMENTSANATOMY I
LIGAMENTS• Add to the mechanical stability of joints
•Guide joint motion
• Prevent excessive motion
Ligaments• Ligaments link bones
together. • Some very common ones
that are damaged are the ones surrounding the knee (the crutiate and medial ligaments)
• Type of connective tissue
LIGAMENTS• TENSION IN LIGAMENTS AND MUSCLES
CONTRIBUTES SIGNIFICANTLY TO JOINT STABILITY(ESPECIALLY IN THE KNEE AND SHOULDER)
• LIGAMENT RUPTURE OR STRETCHING CAN RESULT IN ABNORMAL MOTION OF ARTICULATING BONE ENDS
LIGAMENTS• Are responsible for holding joints
together. They prevent bones moving out of position during the stresses of physical activity.
• If they are pulled or twisted too far by extreme physical movements, ligaments can tear andthe joint may dislocate
TENDONS• ANOTHER TYPE OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE• TENDONS TIE MUSCLE ONTO BONE AND
ALLOW THE MUSCLE TO WORK THE BONE AS A LEVER. (ACHILLES TENDON – ATTACHES THE CALF MUSCLE TO THE HEEL BONE. WITHOUT IT, WE COULD NOT WALK)
TENDONS• ANCHOR MUSCLES TO BONES, ALLOWING
THE MUSCLES TO MOVE THE SKELETON. • TENDONS ARE NOT VERY ELASTIC –
IF THEY WERE, THEN THE FORCE PRODUCED BY MUSCLES WOULD BE ABSORBED INSTEAD OF CREATING MOVEMENT.
• TENDONS CAN ALSO BE TORN IF SUBJECTED TO TOO MUCH FORCE
CARTILAGE•Specialized connective tissue
•Rigid, Elastic, Resilient
• RESISTS COMPRESSIONAVASCULAR: nutrients diffuse through matrix
CARTILAGE EMBRYO• MORE PREVALENT THAN IN
ADULT• SKELETON INITIALLY MOSTLY
CARTILAGE• BONE REPLACES CARTILAGE IN
FETAL AND CHILDHOOD PERIODS
LOCATION OF CARTILAGE IN ADULTS• EXTERNAL EAR• NOSE• “ARTICULAR” – COVERING THE
ENDS OF MOST BONES AND MOVABLE JOINTS• “COSTAL” – CONNECTING RIBS
TO STERNUM• LARYNX - VOICE BOX
LOCATION OF CARTILAGE IN ADULTS(CONT’D)
• EPIGLOTTIS – FLAP KEEPING FOOD OUT OF LUNGS
• CARTILAGINOUS RINGS HOLDING OPEN THE AIR TUBES OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM (TRACHEA AND BRONCHI)
• INTERVERTEBRAL DISCS• PUBIC SYMPHYSIS• ARTICULAR DISCS SUCH AS
MENISCUS IN KNEE JOINT