Date post: | 07-Jan-2017 |
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TENNIS LEG(BPT 4th year – Sports physiotherapy topic)
PRESENTED BY:
Dr. LAKSHMI PAVANI P. (PT)
OBJECTIVES
TO KNOW:
1. Epidemiology2. Clinical presentation3. Causes4. Radiographic features5. Treatment according to the grade of injury6. Rehabilitation
Tennis legCaused by the rupture of the medial head of
the gastrocnemius muscleOccasionally the plantaris is involvedSeen generally in sports persons and is an
important cause of painful calf.
EPIDEMIOLOGY
Classically seen in people who play tennis (elite)Can be seen in squash, skiing and athletics alsoMore frequently occurs in middle age (40-60 yrs.)Extension of the knee along with forced
dorsiflexion of the ankle seem to be the most frequent biomechanical causes of tennis leg.
Example: Lunging shot
LUNGING/ LUNGE SHOT
CLINICAL PRESENTATION
Audible pop when the injury occurred is usually reported.
Sensation of something “snapping” within the calf.
Sudden onset of severe calf pain with significant disability.
Tenderness and swelling presentMay be associated with extensive bruising
A focal ‘gap’ can be felt sometimes on early palpation, prior to the onset of swelling at the site of tear
Moderate to severe pain is present – passive ankle dorsiflexion( due to stretching of the torn muscle fibers)
Active resistance to plantar flexion is painful ( due to the activity in torn muscle fibers)
CAUSES
Deconditioned / un-stretched muscles of recreational athletes - “weekend warriors”
Previous injuries/ recurrent calf strainsDD: DVT, ruptured baker’s cyst
GRADES OF MUSCLE TEAR
Grade 1 (Mild) – tear of only a few muscle fibers (micro tear) with minor swelling and discomfort. Minimal to no strength loss nor motion restriction
Grade 2 (Moderate)– Larger number of micro tears leading to a greater damage with clear loss of the ability of the muscle to contract
Grade 3 (Severe) –tear extends across the entire cross section of the muscle resulting in near complete loss of function.
RADIOGRAPHIC FEATURES
Ultrasound : A tear in the deep surface of gastrocnemius may be seen as a disruption in contour and echogenicity of muscle fibres.
MRI : focal area of disruption of muscle continuity noted along the deep aspect of the medial head of the gastrocnemius, with associated edema of the muscle
Plantaris tendon may be identified either torn or intact.
TREATMENT ACCORDING TO THE GRADE OF MUSCLE TEAR
GRADE 1PARTIAL WEIGHT BEARING
PASSIVE
MOVEMENTS
ACTIVE
EXERCISES
GRADE 2I
MMOBILIZATION FOR 3-6 WEEKS
ADEQUATE REST
REHABILITATION
GRADE 3SIGNIFICANT TEAR OF THE MUSCLE
SEPARATION
OF THE TWO
ENDS
SURGICAL EXPLORATION & REPAIR
TREATMENT IMMEDIATE: PRICE : Protection, rest, ice,compression and elevation
1) PROTECTION: most important part of the recovery process to prevent further damage and to minimise the hematoma (eg: not to perform dorsiflexion with eversion, using crutches to unload the calf during locomotion)
2) REST: Immobilization
3) ICE: for 10-15 min and repeat this several times a day
4) COMPRESSION BANDAGE to prevent and minimize the intra muscular hematoma
5) ELEVATION: Above the heart level and foot held in slight plantarflexion.
Anti-inflammatory medicationsContinue these for the initial 3-7 days
is advised.
AFTER INITIAL 48-72 HOURS
INITIATE CONTROLLED MOVEMENT
According to researches, early movement limits the size of the scar, facilitates the alignment of the regenerating muscle
fibers and helps in regaining the strength of the injured muscle.
STRETCHING
INITIATE 10 DAYS AFTER INJURY
START IN LONG SITTING POSITION
PROGRESS TO STANDING
STRETCHING
STRENGTHENING EXERCISESINTRINSIC FOOT MUSCLES: Eg: GRASPING A TOWEL WITH TOES etc.,
SWIMMING & CYCLING- ENHANCES BLOOD FLOW & HELPS IN RECOVERY
GRADUATED RETURN TO WEIGHT BEARING
WALKING
• BRISK WALKING• EASY JOGS
STRENGTHENING
RUNNING
PRE REQUISITES TO RUNNINGSymmetrical flexibility of the calf muscle in comparison to the non-involved side.
No residual signs of swelling/inflammation
Patient Should tolerate ADL’s Without hindrances/issues.
ADVANCED REHAB
ENDURANCE TRAINING SPRINTING AGILITY DRILLS
IN RETROSPECT Calf muscle is regarded as the peripheral heart in the
human body and plays a major role in locomotion as well.
Calf muscle strains/ tennis leg can be a debilitating condition.
Failure in proper evaluation and rehabilitation can not only prolong the patient’s recovery but may also pre maturely end a person’s career as an athlete.
So it is important to prevent worsening of the condition as well as prevent recurrence of injury.
REFERENCES Clinical sports medicine, Peter Brukner and Karim Khan; Third edition, Tata Mc Graw
Hill. http://radsource.us/tennis-leg-plantaris-tendon-rupture/ http
://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:3AW3e16wtr0J:www.chsm.net/tennisleg.html+&cd=12&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=in
http://www.sportsmedicineofatlanta.com/reference/tennis_leg_common_sports_injury.html