Tennis Practical Exam Support Booklet PDF

Tennis

Swimming practical examination support materials

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© Curriculum Council, 2011 This document—apart from any third party copyright material contained in it—may be freely copied, or communicated on an intranet, for non-commercial purposes by educational institutions, provided that it is not changed in any way and that the Curriculum Council is acknowledged as the copyright owner. Copying or communication for any other purpose can be done only within the terms of the Copyright Act or by permission of the Curriculum Council. Copying or communication of any third party copyright material contained in this document can be done only within the terms of the Copyright Act or by permission of the copyright owners. Version 5


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Introduction

The purpose of these materials is to support teachers and candidates in preparation for the

Physical Education Studies practical examination.

Skills set for tennis

These materials outline the examinable skills set for tennis. Five (5) of the skills, selected by

the examination panel, will be examined and these will be communicated to the candidates at

the commencement of the examination. Unless specified, candidates will be expected to have

the ability to execute skills on both the forehand and backhand sides.

Observation points

Observation points are provided for each skill in the skills set. They are provided for the

purpose of teaching and coaching and are designed to assist examination candidates in their

personal skill development.

Examination drills

The examination will contain a number of drills through which the selected skills will be

assessed. These materials outline a number of drills indicative of the types of drills in which the

candidates will participate during the examination and may form part of a teaching program.

Tactical framework

In the conditioned performance section of the examination, candidates will participate in a

modified competitive situation, which will be based on some of the tactical problems in tennis.

The tactical problems for the examination are outlined in the tactical framework and will be

selected by the examination panel. The skills that provide the basis for the solutions to these

tactical problems are also included in the framework.

In the conditioned performance section of the tennis examination, students will be assessed on

the execution of skills, setting up an attack, court positioning and decision making that

effectively solve the tactical problems presented by the modified competitive situation.

Acknowledgement

Some of the information in these support materials has been drawn and adapted from Tennis

Australia's Tennis Australia player development: Stroke and tactical fundamentals

(http://www.tennis.com.au/TA_Matrix/pdf/Stroke_Tactical_Fundamentals.pdf) and National

Academy core drills.


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CONTENTS PAGE NUMBER

Tennis skills set 5

Skills set and observation points 6

Tennis drills 20

Drill descriptions 21

Tactical framework 39


5

Skill number Name of skill Page number

1 Serve-flat, slice, top-spin 6

2 Return of serve 7

3 Approach shot 10

4 Net volley 11

5 Forehand groundstroke 13

6 Single-handed backhand groundstroke 14

7 Double-handed backhand groundstroke 15

8 Backhand slice 14

9 Backhand drop shot 15

10 Forehand top-spin lob 16

11 Overhead 17


6

1. SERVE– FLAT, SLICE, TOP-SPIN

Note: All of the observation points hold for the flat, slice and top-spin serves, with the exception of impact point. The impact point for each type of serve is noted separately.

Preparation Execution Completion

Grip: Continental

Serving stance: perpendicular to the net, front foot is angled towards the net post, and back foot behind the front, parallel to the baseline

Non-hitting hand supports the ball and throat of the racquet

Backswing

Shoulders rotate, hands split, bodyweight transferred onto the back foot

Tossing arm raises up towards the net post and leads the hitting arm

The palm of the hitting hand remains down facing the ground before the hitting arm bends to provide for a fluent throwing motion

Forward swing

Bodyweight transfers to the front foot through leg drive

Hips uncoil followed by the shoulders (or trunk)

Elbow extends and racquet follows an upward and outward swing path with the upper arm and forearm rotating outward

Tossing arm tucks in close to the body to allow for continued acceleration of dominant arm

Shoulders align more vertical than horizontal at impact with the eyes focusing on the impact point

Impact

Flat serve: ball contact made in line with front foot and in front of the body

Slice serve: ball contact is made in line with the front foot and in front of the body, with the racquet contacting the outside of the ball

Top-spin serve: ball contact is made to the non-hitting side of the front foot and in front of the body

Follow-through

Racquet head decelerates and finishes on the opposite side of the body

Natural upper arm internal rotation and forearm pronation complete the action

Landing completed on the front foot


7

2a. RETURN OF SERVE – FOREHAND


Grip: eastern forehand, semi-western forehand or western

Stance: knees are slightly flexed Sound support base is assumed

Racquet in a neutral position (elbows away from the body), with support provided by the non-hitting hand

Backswing Commenced with circular motion Hitting hand positioned between

the shoulders and hips, with non-dominant hand balancing the backward trunk rotation

Shoulders rotate further than the hips (to create a separation angle)

Racquet and hand are still visible on the hitting side of the body

Back knee is flexed Forward swing Legs extend and body segments

uncoil (with hips rotating to face the net at impact), intending to transfer body weight forwards

Racquet and hand drop below the ball and racquet is swung with abbreviated (i.e. short and compact), low to high trajectory

Impact Racquet face is vertical for a

longer hitting zone with contact made slightly in front of the body

Head remains stable and eyes focused on impact point

Wrist and forearm remain stable

Follow-through Racquet decelerates across the

body Relaxation at the elbow


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2b. RETURN OF SERVE – SINGLE-HANDED BACKHAND


Single-handed BH Grip: eastern backhand Stance: Knees are slightly flexed Racquet in a neutral position

(elbows away from the body) with support provided by the non-hitting hand

Non-hitting hand to initiate grip change

Single-handed BH Backswing Hitting arm remains slightly flexed

and commences a circular swing Shoulders rotate further than the

hips (to create a separation angle)

Back knee is flexed in preparation of forward body weight transfer

Forward swing Arms separate Legs extend, weight is transferred

to the front foot and body segments uncoil

Racquet and hitting hand drop below the ball and racquet is swung with a low to high trajectory (and shortened, circular swing)

Impact Racquet face is vertical creating a



Hips and shoulders remain perpendicular to the net


Single-handed BH Follow-through Hitting arm continues to extend

out and up through the impact zone, facilitating racquet deceleration

Non-hitting arm straightens: hand to hand forms a line

Hitting shoulder finishes high Hips open slightly to begin

recovery


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2c. RETURN OF SERVE – DOUBLE-HANDED BACKHAND


Double-handed BH Grip: hitting hand – eastern

backhand; non-hitting hand – eastern forehand

Knees are slightly flexed Racquet in a neutral position

(elbows away from the body) with support provided by the non-hitting hand

Non-hitting hand to initiate grip change

Double-handed Backswing Hitting arm remains slightly flexed

Non-hitting arm is similarly flexed and raised

A short, compact circular swing is commenced


Both knees are flexed Forward swing Legs extend, weight is transferred

to the front foot and body segments uncoil (i.e. hips and shoulders are facing the net at impact)

Both arms work in unison to generate maximum amount of power through a short and compact swing

Racquet and both hands drop below the ball and racquet is swung with a low to high trajectory

Impact Racquet face is vertical creating a




Double-handed BH Follow-through Both arms extend fully through

impact and finish high Racquet decelerates accordingly


10

3a. APPROACH SHOT - FOREHAND

(Note: All the observation points hold for the forehand approach shot and forehand groundstroke with the exception of ‘alignment’ during the preparation, and ‘dynamic movement to the ball and target’ during execution and completion. These are noted separately within the observation points for the forehand groundstroke).

See page 14 for observation points for this skill.

3b. APPROACH SHOT - BACKHAND

(Note: All the observation points hold for the backhand approach shot and backhand groundstroke with the exception of ‘dynamic movement to the ball and target’ during execution and completion. These are noted separately within the observation points for the backhand groundstroke).

See page 15 and 16 for observation points for this skill.


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4a. NET VOLLEY - FOREHAND


Grip: continental to eastern forehand

Stance: knees are slightly flexed


Backswing

Slight shoulder turn with hitting arm remaining in front of hitting shoulder

Balanced and neutral shoulder-head alignment is maintained

Length of swing is compact but dependent on time available and intent of shot

Forward swing

Knees/hips extend and left foot steps forward to transfer weight through the volley

Racquet head is above the wrist Strings move along a horizontal line and the racquet face is vertical, creating a longer hitting zone

Head remains stable with eyes focused on impact point

Impact

In front of the body


Follow-through

Racquet follows path towards the target

Deceleration of body weight to recover


12

4b. NET VOLLEY - BACKHAND


Grip: continental to eastern backhand



Non-hitting hand initiates any grip change

Backswing

Shoulders aligned horizontally to the ball path

Balanced and neutral shoulder-head alignment is maintained

Dominant arm remains slightly flexed. Non-hitting arm provides racquet head stability with the elbow raised

Racquet head is kept above the wrist. Strings in line with the path of the ball

Forward swing

Arms separate

Knees/hips extend and right foot steps forward to transfer weight through the volley

Racquet head is kept above the wrist. Racquet face is vertical creating a longer hitting zone

Head remains stable and eyes focused on contact point

Impact

Ball-racquet impact occurs in front of the body


Follow-through


Non-hitting arm straightens and remains back: hand to hand forms a line

Deceleration of body weight to recover


13

5. GROUNDSTROKE - FOREHAND and

3a. APPROACH SHOT - FOREHAND

(Note: All the observation points hold for the forehand approach shot and forehand groundstroke with the exception of ‘alignment’ during the preparation, and ‘dynamic movement to the ball and target’ during execution and completion. These are noted separately within the observation points for the forehand groundstroke).



Stance: knees are slightly flexed to assume a sound support base


Approach shot: balanced and neutral shoulder-head alignment is maintained

Backswing

Commences in a circular motion

Hitting hand positioned between the shoulders and hips, with non-dominant hand balancing the backward trunk rotation



Back knee is flexed

Approach shot: dynamic movement to the ball

Forward swing

Legs extend and body segments uncoil in sequence (i.e. hips and then shoulders rotate to face the net at impact)

Racquet and hand drop below the ball and racquet is swung with a low to high trajectory

Impact

Racquet face is vertical for a longer hitting zone with contact made slightly in front of the body



Follow-through

Racquet decelerates across the body

Hitting shoulder finishes high

Approach shot: dynamic movement toward the target


14

6. GROUNDSTROKE - SINGLE-HANDED BACKHAND and




Grip: eastern backhand


Racquet in a neutral position (elbows away from the body) with support provided by the non-hitting hand

Backswing

Hitting arm remains slightly flexed and commences a circular swing


Back knee is flexed with stance perpendicular to the net


Forward swing

Arms separate

Legs extend, weight is transferred to the front foot and body segments uncoil in sequence

Racquet and hitting hand drop below the ball and racquet is swung with a low to high trajectory

Impact




Follow-through

Hitting arm continues to extend out and up through the impact zone, facilitating racquet deceleration


Hitting shoulder finishes high

Hips open slightly to begin recovery



15

7. GROUNDSTROKE - DOUBLE-HANDED BACKHAND and




Grip: Hitting hand – eastern backhand; non-hitting hand – eastern forehand

Knees are slightly flexed


Backswing

Hitting arm remains slightly flexed Non-hitting arm is similarly flexed and raised

A compact circular swing is commenced


Both knees are flexed with the stance generally perpendicular to the net


Forward swing

Legs extend, weight is transferred to the front foot and body segments uncoil in sequence

Both arms work in unison to generate maximum amount of power

Racquet and both hands drop below the ball and racquet is swung with a low to high trajectory

Impact

Racquet face is vertical creating a longer hitting zone with contact made slightly in front of the body



Follow-through

Both arms extend fully through impact and finish high

Racquet decelerates accordingly




16

8. BACKHAND SLICE


Grip: eastern backhand or continental



Backswing

Hitting arm remains slightly flexed and non-hitting arm is similarly flexed and raised to provide racquet head stability

Shoulders rotate at least as far as the hips


Forward swing

Legs extend, weight is transferred to the front foot and body segments uncoil in sequence (with hips and shoulders remaining perpendicular to the net)

Hands/arms separate

Racquet head remains above the wrist

Impact

Racquet is accelerated in a shallow ‘U’ shape (high-low-high forward swing) trajectory with its face staying vertical creating a longer hitting zone



Follow-through





17

9. BACKHAND DROP SHOT


Grip: subject to disguise but generally, eastern forehand, eastern backhand or continental

Knees are slightly flexed

Backswing

Hitting arm remains slightly flexed and non-hitting arm is similarly flexed and raised to provide racquet head stability

Shoulders rotate at least as far as the hips


Forward swing

Legs extend, weight is transferred to the front foot and body segments uncoil in sequence (with hips and shoulders remaining perpendicular to the net

Hands/arms separate

Impact

Racquet head remains above the wrist and racquet trajectory is high-low



Follow-through

Follow-through is abbreviated, with the racquet finishing low (at approximately waist height) and pointing in the direction of the shot



18

10. FOREHAND TOP-SPIN LOB



Stance: knees are slightly flexed to assume a sound support base


Backswing

Commences in a circular motion

Hitting hand positioned closer to hips than shoulders and with non-dominant hand balancing the backward trunk rotation



Back knee is flexed

Forward swing

Legs extend and body segments uncoil in sequence (i.e. hips and then shoulders rotate to face the net at impact)

Compared to the forehand groundstroke, the racquet and hitting hand drop further below the ball and with a more pronounced upward racquet swing (greater vertical acceleration). Trunk orientation is more upright

Impact




Follow-through

Arm and racquet extend fully through impact and finish high

Racquet decelerates accordingly


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11. OVERHEAD


Grip: continental

Racquet in a neutral position (elbows away from the body) with support and grip change provided by the non-hitting hand

Backswing

Right leg moves back for a right- handed player. Body weight is consequently shifted onto the back leg

Both knees are flexed in preparation for leg drive

Both arms raised together, racquet is closed with racquet angle at 45º

Hitting arm is bent to provide for a fluent throwing motion

Forward swing

Legs fully extend to lead uncoiling of other body parts (i.e. hips and trunk rotate to a position near parallel to the net)

Elbow extends and racquet follows an upward and outward swing path with the upper arm and forearm rotating outward

Non-hitting arm tucks in close to the body to allow for continued acceleration of dominant arm

Impact

Racquet-ball contact made in line with or to the right of the front foot and in front of the body

Head and shoulders aligned, eyes focused on impact point

Follow-through

Racquet head decelerates and finishes on opposite side of the body

Natural upper-arm internal rotation and forearm pronation complete the action


20

Drill number Page number

1 Forehand groundstroke or backhand groundstroke 21

2 Backhand slice 22

3 First serve flat 23

4 Slice serve 24

5 Top-spin serve 25

6 Forehand net volley or backhand net volley 26

7 Smash 27

8 Drop shot – backhand 28

9 Top-spin lob – forehand 29

10 Forehand groundstroke, backhand groundstroke 30

11 Forehand groundstroke, backhand groundstroke, backhand slice

31

12 Forehand net volley, backhand net volley 32

13 Slice serve, forehand ground stroke, backhand ground stroke

33

14 Top-spin serve, backhand ground stroke, forehand ground stroke

34

15 First serve flat, backhand ground stroke, forehand ground stroke, approach shot, volley or smash

35

16 Slice serve, forehand ground stroke, backhand drop shot 36

17 Flat serve, forehand ground stroke, backhand ground stroke, backhand slice

37

18 Flat serve, forehand ground stroke, backhand ground stroke, forehand top-spin lob

38

These drills are indicative of the types of drills in which the candidates will participate during the examination and may form part of a teaching program.


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Drill 1: Forehand groundstroke or backhand groundstroke

Key

X = player = targeted area O = feeder/ball machine XC = cross-court = markers DL = down the line

→ = player movement ----- = ball movement

Drill description

1. Player is fed balls to the forehand or backhand side from a feeder or the ball machine.

2. Hit one forehand/backhand cross-court (1); the next down the line (2) and so forth.

3. Hit a forehand/backhand groundstroke into the given area (from service line to the baseline,

singles sideline to half of the back box (see diagram).

4. After each shot hit, the player recovers towards the middle of the court ready for the next

shot, then the ball is fed by the feeder / machine.

X

2 1

DL XC

O

BACKHAND


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Drill 2: Backhand slice

Key

X = player = targeted area O = feeder/ball machine XC = cross-court = marker DL = down the line

→ = player movement ----- = ball movement

Drill description

1. Player is fed balls to the backhand side from a feeder or the ball machine.

2. Hit one backhand slice cross-court; the next down the line and so forth.

3. Hit backhand slice into the given area (from service line to the baseline, singles sideline to

half of the back box (see diagram).

4. After each shot, the player recovers towards the middle of the court ready for the next shot,

then the ball is fed by the feeder / machine.

X

O

XCDL

1 2


23

Drill 3: First serve flat

X X

Key

X = player → = player movement O = feeder/ball machine ----- = ball movement = marker = targeted area

Drill description

1. Player hits flat first serves (from deuce court and from ad court).

2. Player to hit to target areas: middle of each service box to “T” for deuce court (d) and out

wide for ad court (a).

3. The ball must bounce in the target area with the serve being flat.

4. A second bounce should be a minimum of 1m behind the baseline to be considered

advanced.

1m

d a


24

Drill 4: Slice serve

Key


Drill description

1. From the deuce court (d), the player must slice the serve out wide and the second bounce

of the ball should land one metre beyond the doubles sideline.

2. From the ad court (a), the player must slice the serve to the T and second bounce of the

ball should bounce one metre behind the baseline and one metre either side of the baseline

centre mark.

1 2

1m

1m

X X

1m

d a


25

Drill 5: Top-spin serve

Key


Drill description

1. From the deuce court (d), the player must hit a top-spin serve to the T and the second

bounce of the ball should be one metre behind the baseline and one metre either side of the

baseline centre mark.

2. From the ad court (a), the player should hit a top-spin serve wide, with the ball passing

through the doubles sideline before the baseline.

1 2

1m

1m

X X

d a


26

Drill 6: Forehand net volley or backhand net volley

O

Key


Drill description

1. Player stands in a volleying ready position, three quarters of the way back in the service

box, behind the markers, ready to receive a ball from a feeder or ball machine. The player

can move forward to volley from this position but should re-assume that position prior to any

subsequent volley.

2. Player executes forehand or backhand net volley, alternating between hitting cross-court

and down the line.

3. Player must hit the volley in the target area.

4. Player must return to starting position before the next volley before the feeder or ball

machine feeds the next ball.

X


27

Drill 7: Smash

2m

Key


Drill description

1. Player receives lobs from the feeder or ball machine that require the ball to be contacted no

further back than half-way between service line and baseline.

2. Player must aim at the target areas and alternate his/her smashes in the cross-court and

down the line directions.

3. Second bounce of the ball should land a minimum of two metres behind the baseline.

X

O


28

Drill 8: Drop shot – backhand

Key


Drill description

1. Player is fed balls by the feeder or ball machine to the backhand side. The fed ball is to land

inside the ad court service box and bounce relatively high so as to allow the player to

contact the incoming ball inside the baseline.

2. Player must hit the drop shot into the targeted area and should aim to have the ball bounce

two or more times inside the service box.

X

O


29

Drill 9: Top-spin lob – forehand

Key


Drill description

1. Player is fed balls to forehand by the feeder or ball machine and must try to get a lob over

the feeder’s head.

2. Feeder must stand half-way between net and service box.

3. Ball must land in targeted area and must be hit with top-spin.

X

O


30

Drill 10: Forehand groundstroke, backhand groundstroke

Key

X = player → = player movement O = ball machine ----- = ball movement = marker = targeted area

Drill description

1. X1 and X2 have a cross-court forehand rally (XC).

2. Three balls must be hit over by each player.

3. Either player can then change direction down the line (DL) upon receiving a short ball

landing in front of the markers.

4. Players then play out the point.

5. The drill can be repeated, starting with a cross-court backhand rally.

X2

X1

XC

DL


31

Drill 11: Forehand groundstroke, backhand groundstroke, backhand slice X1

X2

Key


Drill description

1. The feeder or X1 feeds in to X2’s forehand.

2. Both X1 and X2 must hit three cross-court forehands into the target areas.

3. Once three successful cross-court forehands have been played, X1 can change direction

down the line (again into the target area) and begin moving to the backhand side.

4. X2 is designated to hit all shots cross-court. A further three shots are required to be played

by each player cross-court (with their backhands – slice or top-spin) before X1 is able to

again change direction.

5. The drill continues and players change roles.


32

Drill 12: Forehand net volley, backhand net volley

Key


Drill description

1. X1 hits a forehand net volley down the line to the target area from a feeder and recovers to

the centre line and half way between the net and the service line.

2. X1 hits a backhand net volley down the line to the target area from a feeder.

3. X1 hits a backhand net volley cross-court to the target area from a feeder.

X1

O


33

Drill 13: Slice serve, forehand ground stroke, backhand ground stroke

Key


Drill description

1. X1 hits a slice serve out wide from the deuce court.

2. X2 returns it deep cross-court.

3. X1 runs and hits a forehand down the line into X2’s ad court.

4. They then play a three-shot backhand cross-court rally, then X1 hits fourth shot down the

line then play out the point.

X1

X2

2

3

4

1


34

Drill 14: Top-spin serve, backhand ground stroke, forehand ground stroke

X1

Key


Drill description

1. Feeder has six balls ready to feed. X1 begins with one serve, regardless of the serve being

in or out, the feeder begins after this.

2. X1 serves a top-spin serve into the ad court out wide (a).

3. The feeder then directs six balls to the player.

4. X1 hits two backhands cross-court (b); the third stroke is a backhand down the line (c).

5. X1 moves into the deuce side of the court, hits two forehands cross-court (d) and the third

stroke is a forehand down the line (e).

6. Between each shot the player recovers towards the middle of the court and when the feeder

feeds the ball they can move for the next shot.

O

a

b

c

d

e


35

Drill 15: First serve flat, backhand ground stroke, forehand ground stroke, approach shot,

volley or smash

Key


Drill description

1. X1 hits a flat serve down the T on the deuce side (a).

2. X2 returns back to the backhand side (b).

3. X1 hits a backhand cross-court then the players rally backhands cross-court (c) for three

strokes (must be in the back box).

4. On the fourth hit, X1 runs around the backhand and hits a forehand down the line (d), then

comes into the net for a volley or smash to play the rally out, aiming to get past the markers

to an attacking position.

X2

a

b

c

d

X1


36

Drill 16: Slice serve, forehand ground stroke, backhand drop shot

Key


Drill description

1. X2 hits the slice serve into deuce court to X1’s forehand (a).

2. X1 returns cross-court into target area (b).

3. Cross-court forehand rally then occurs with X1 hitting three cross-court forehands (c).

4. On the fourth stroke, X1 hits forehand down the line (d).

5. X2 then hits a backhand drop shot (e).

6. Play out the point.

a

X1

X2

b c

d

e


37

Drill 17: Flat serve, forehand ground stroke, backhand ground stroke, backhand slice

Key


Drill description

1. X2 flat serves down the T to X1’s backhand (a).

2. X1 returns the ball down the line into the target area (b).

3. X2 hits the ball cross-court (c) and X1 then hits three backhands cross-court into the target

area; on the fourth stroke, X1 hits backhand slice down the line (d).

4. X2 hits forehand cross-court (e).

5. X1 moves over and hits three forehands cross-court then on the fourth stroke hits forehand

down the line (f) and play out the point.

X1

a

X2

b

c

d

e

f


38

Drill 18: Flat serve, forehand ground stroke, backhand ground stroke, forehand top-spin lob

Key

X = player → = player movement O = ball machine ----- = ball movement = marker

Drill description

1. X2 slice serves the ball out wide on the ad court to X1’s backhand (a).

2. X2 comes into the net to a position in front of the markers and tries to stay within this zone.

3. X1 hits a backhand low and cross-court (b).

4. X2 volleys a backhand down the line (c).

5. X1 hits a forehand cross-court (d).

6. X2 volleys down the line (e) and continues like this until X1 has hit three forehands and three

backhands cross-court.

7. X1 hits a forehand top-spin lob over X2’s head (f).

8. Play out the point.

Variations

1. X1 is a feeder.

2. Ball may be fed to X2 to hit volleys:

3 x down the line

3 x forehand crosscourt

3 x backhand crosscourt

X1

a

X2

b

c

d

e X2


39

Tennis tactical framework

Tactical problems Off-the-ball skills On-the-ball skills

OFFENCE

Setting up to attack (creating space) Perception Anticipation Footwork Coordination (differentiation,

orientation etc) Select optimal target areas

Groundstrokes Forehand Backhand Backhand slice Cross-court Down the line

Return of serve Approach shot Drop shot Serve

Winning the point Perception Anticipation Footwork Coordination (differentiation,

orientation etc) Change the rhythm and tactics

during the match Attack the short ball Winning plays (1-2 sequence)

Net volleys Forehand Backhand Cross-court Down the line

Return of serve Passing shot Attacking drop shot Lob (forehand and backhand) Smash Serve

DEFENCE

Defending own space Perception Anticipation Footwork Coordination (differentiation,

orientation etc) Limit directional changes

Low service Return of serve Ground strokes (forehand and

backhand) Backhand slice Hold the line on low volleys Play consistent percentages

Defending against an attack Perception Anticipation Footwork Coordination (differentiation,

orientation etc)

Return of serve Backhand slice Lobs Forehand Backhand

Centre the ball Hold the line on low volleys


40

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