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A

1. 6. sorularda, cmlede bo braklan yerlereuygundenszckyadaifadeyibulunuz.1. Psychologists say that there is a genetic

_____towillpower, but that upbringingmayalsohaveaneffect.A) descriptionB) componentC) attachmentD) selection E) reaction

2. The lead from exhaust fumes enters the

atmosphere, mostly as simple leadcompounds,whicharepoisonoustochildren's_____nervoussystems.A) repeating B) domestic C) increasingD) exclusive E) developing

3. Einstein'stheoryofrelativitygivespredictions

thatdifferverylittlefromtheoldertheoriesofGalileo and Newton in all everydaysituations.A) identically B) flexiblyC) externallyD) usefully E) nearly

4. Expressionistartistsinpainting,sculpture,andliterature _____to distort or exaggeratenatural appearance in order to create areflectionoftheinnerworld.A) tendedB) expectedC) pretendedD) persuaded E) offered

5. Ittakesgreatcourageforadoptedchildrento

_____theirbiologicalparents,as theydonotknowtherealreasonwhytheyweregivenup.A) runup B) lookoutC) confessto D) searchfor E) putback

6. Somehistoriansbelievethathumandestinyis

mostly shaped by the efforts of people to_____climatechange,migration,disease,etc.A) copewith B) handin C) goover D) makeupE) laydown

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7. 16. sorularda cmlede bo braklan yerlereuygundenszckyadaifadeyibulunuz.7. Adeeplyhypnotizedsubject_____toinitiate

activity and would rather wait for thehypnotist_____somethingtodo.A) doesnotlike/tosuggest B) hadnotliked/suggestingC) didnotlike/shouldsuggest D) maynotlike/hassuggestedE) willnotlike/tobesuggesting

8. Ever since JamesR.Flynn_____his startling

results,psychologistsandeducators_____tofigureoutwhetherpeople really are gettingsmarter.A) haspublished/hadstruggled B) published/havestruggledC) hadpublished/willstruggle D) waspublishing/hadbeenstrugglingE) publishes/arestruggling

9. Investigators ___ various methods over the

years to search for genes that ___ tointelligence,which isasocalledquantitativetrait.A) areusing/shouldcontribute B) use/willcontributeC) haveused/mightcontribute D) mayuse/contributedE) woulduse/aregoingtocontribute

10. Theseparationofpeoplecategoriesisoneof the most important ways in which onegroupassertsandmaintainsitsdominanceanother. A) from/by B) into/over C) to/withD) on/throughE) at/for

11. Experts and officials believe that an

outbreak__ epidemic diseases or severeclimatic conditions could have an adverseimpact ___ the Anatolian wild sheeppopulation.A) in/of B) over/through C) of/on D) by/into E) from/at

12. Accordingtothehygienehypothesis,livingin

anenvironmentthatistoocleandeprivestheimmune system ___ thenecessary exposure___ bacteria and germs which can serve tostrengthenit.A) for/throughB) into/from C) of/to D) with/on E) over/at

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13. Inhabitants of a nation generally possess acommon history, geographical place andlanguage;___,anationstatemaybethoughtofasaplaceinwhichpeoplefollowthesameculturalandsocialpatterns.A) though B) otherwiseC) besides D) therefore E) still

14. Ear disorders prevent you from detecting

certain sounds from your environment ___affectingyoursenseofbalance.A) aswellas B) asifC) muchasD) withregardtoE) dueto

15. Animalssuchasraccoonsandfoxeseatalmost

anythingedible that they comeacross ___specializinginonetypeoffood.A) justas B) asregards C) ratherthanD) owingtoE) intermsof

16. TheFrenchsociologistEmileDurkheimarguedthat human beings are __ individuals ___socialbeingsthatexistinsociety.A) notonly/aswell B) other/thanC) such/that D) asmuch/also E) both/and

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17.21.sorulardaaadakiparadanumaralanmyerlereuygundenszckyadaifadeyibulunuz.Thehealthrisksofartificialfeedingofinfantsintheindustrialized world are now (17) . Breastfedinfantsreceiveprotection(18)_____many illnessesincludinggastroenteritis,respiratoryinfections,andotitismedia,andhavealowerriskofatopicdiseaseand insulindependent diabetes in childhood, (19)_____womenwhobreastfeedmayhave lessriskofsome cancers and hip fractures in later life. Inaddition to the health benefits, there are alsosignificant cost implications. The United StatesDepartment of Agriculture has estimated that aminimum of $3.6 billion per year (20) _____ifbreastfeeding rates were increased from currentlevels to (21) _____recommended by the UnitedStatesSurgeonGeneral.17.

A) wellbuiltB) wellpreserved C) wellconnected D) wellkept E) wellestablished

18.

A) about B) towards C) toD) against E) for

19.A) asif B) since C) while D) asthough E) evenif

20.

A) couldsaveB) weretobesavedC) shouldsave D) wouldbesavedE) hasbeensaved

21.

A) those B) whatC) whoseD) which E) them

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22.26.sorularda,aadakiparadanumaralanmyerlereuygundenszckyadaifadeyibulunuz.Nanotechnology is only the latest of a series ofdevelopments in materials science, in which onestudies materials with a (22) _____towardsdevelopingusefulapplications.Telecommunicationsisanexampleofanareainwhichthedevelopmentofnewmaterialshashad(23)_____impact,leadingto rapid change in the technology. (24) ,telecommunications was restricted to voicecommunicationbytelephoneusingcopperwirestocarryamessage in the formofanelectricalsignal.Today,itisjustaslikelythatfibresofpureglass,orfibreoptic cables, (25) _____the message in theform of light pulses. An advantage of fibreopticcableisthatitcancarry(26)_____moreInformationthanacopperwirecableofsimilarsize.22.

A) result B) conclusionC) view D) conviction E) move

23.

A) thoughtful B) generousC) similarD) immenseE) sensible

24.

A) However B) Therefore C) Otherwise D) FurthermoreE) Initially

25.A) carry B) hadbettercarryC) carried D) wastocarryE) wouldhavecarried

26.

A) afew B) lessC) much D) many E) too

27. 36. sorularda, verilen cmleyiuygun ekildetamamlayanifadeyibulunuz.27. Although the testing of theories can be

considered todistinguish science fromothermorecreativefields,____.A) explanation of the general causes of

certain phenomena is obtained fromexperiments

B) theoriesareconstructed in themindsofhumanbeings

C) thehistoryofsciencetellsusthattheorieseithersupportordisproveeachother

D) scientific law ties a great number ofobservations into a single statement orequation

E) itshouldnotbeassumedthatatheoryisprovedbytesting

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28. Whetheryouliftyourcoffeecuporwatchyourcoorkerlifthis,A) somebraindisordersareassumed tobe

characterized by a deficit incommunicationskills

B) the neurons that exist in your brainrespondinsimilarwaystobothactions

C) particular neurons are responsible forhumans ability to feel empathy andcompassionforothers

D) scientistshavebeenabletoidentifywhichpartsofthebrainaremostvulnerabletodisease

E) a brain imaging study found that someprimatesareabletodomuchmorethanmimickingpeople

29. Asthenumberofknownelements increased,

____.A) chemistsatthattimehadnoknowledgeof

atomicnumbersandatomicweightsB) majority of them appear in nature and

readilycombinetoformcompoundsC) discovery of the chemical elements has

been an ongoing process since ancienttimes

D) scientists began to investigate thepossibilities of classifying them in usefulways

E) we know about them only because oftechnology developed during the 20thcentury

30. Whereastheoveruseofantibioticscanleadtothespreadofdrugresistantbacteria,____.A) thepracticeofusingsufficientdosesisstill

the most effective method in thetreatmentofbacterialinfections

B) thegermsthatsurvivearetypicallythosethathappentobeargeneticmutationsforresistingtheantibiotics

C) resistant strains produced in animalseventuallyfindtheirwayintopeoplesincebacteriaarefoundeverywhere

D) carelessuseofdrugscontributestodrugresistant infection leavingusdefencelessagainstdangerousbacteria

E) thepatientsinwhomtheyoccurmayhaveto livewith theriskofmanyuntreatableinfectionsforanuncomfortablylongtime

31. In order to enable students to survive and

thriveinatechnologicalworld,___.A) group projects may be difficult to

complete since teachers need to shifttheirrolesfrominformationdispensertoaguide

B) initiatives aimed at infusing technologyinto teacher education programs havebeenclaimedtobeveryeffective

C) selfefficacy as a computer technologyusermaybeacritical factor in teachersdecisions to integrate technology in theclassroom

D) useoftechnologyismoretransparentinaclassroom environment whereincorporating technology is a sharedresponsibility

E) teachers should provide them withinstructional activities enriched withtechnology in which learning is highlyinteractive

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32. We thinkofour eyes as video cameras thatmakeaflawlessrecordingoftheworldaroundus,___.A) whetherdeletedinformationisprocessed

unconsciouslyhasnotbeeninvestigatedB) as the distinction between looking and

seeingisgreaterthanonecanimagineC) but experiments show how little

informationweactuallytakeinataglanceD) however, a recent experiment indicates

thatthiscannotbetheentirereasonE) therefore, there is a close relationship

betweenwhatwethinkandwhatwesee33. Many elderly people have no hint of

Alzheimersdisease,___A) forexample,anxietyandfrustrationover

theirfailingmemoryresultsinaggressionB) but somedailyactivities suchasbathing

and dressing become challenging in thelatestages

C) becausedisruptionofbrain cell functionbeginsinregionsinvolvedinformingnewmemories

D) then they may have difficulty inunderstanding visual images and spatialrelationships

E) so it isnotan inevitableconsequenceofagingasmostpeoplebelieveittobe

34. ___, children almost never receive any suchexplicit information about their nativelanguage during the early years whenacquisitiontakesplace.A) Even though linguistic input does not

alwaystakeplaceintheclassroomB) Until there is some hard evidence that

language and thought are strictlyseparated

C) As it ishard for adults to learn abstractideasandtheories

D) Unlike many second language learnerswho are taught grammar rules andvocabularydirectly

E) Because universal patterns of languagedevelopment can be explained bylanguagespecificinput

35. Keeping track of body weight and counting

calories carefully may provide objectivefeedbackon___.A) whetherornot fast food companiesare

responsiblefortheobesityofourchildrenB) whichoftheingredientsofasugarydrink

areresponsiblefortoothdecayC) why somebacteriaareharmfulwhereas

othersaren'tD) whatfoodcompaniesdoinordertosteer

ustowardsunhealthybutprofitablefareE) howeffective individualsare inchanging

theireatinghabitswhentheygoonadiet

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36. Thestudyoftheeffectsthatanaudiencehasonourbehaviourremainsanimportanttopicforsocialpsychology,A) whileanyotherformofdistractioncould

produceothereffectsaswellB) sinceitisunlikelythatthefearofspeaking

in front of an audience will be studiedmorethanothertypesoffear

C) whereas people are assumed to narrowthe focus of their attention when theyexperienceattentionoverload

D) as much of our behavior occurs in thephysicalpresenceofothersasspectators

E) even though motivation loss has beenidentified as the major factor in thedecreaseofacademicsuccess

37. 42. sorularda, verilen ngilizce cmleyeanlamcaenyaknTrkecmleyi,Trkecmleyeanlamcaenyaknngilizcecmleyibulunuz.37. Trabzon'sAyasofyaChurch,whichservesasa

museumtoday,wasconstructedinthetimeofManuelComnenos I (12381263) ,oneof thekingsoftheTrabzonEmpire.A) Gnmzde mze olarak varln

srdrenTrabzonAyasofyaKilisesini inaettiren, Trabzon mparatorluukrallarndan 1. Manuel Comnenos'tur(12381263).

B) Trabzon mparatorluu krallarndan 1.Manuel Comnenos (12381263)tarafndaninaettirilenTrabzonAyasofyaKilisesi bugn varln mze olaraksrdrmektedir.

C) Trabzon Ayasofya Kilisesi, Trabzonmparatorluu krallarndan 1. ManuelComnenos (12381263) zamannda inaedilmitir ve gnmzde mzeyedntrlmtr.

D) Gnmzde mze olarak hizmet verenTrabzon Ayasofya Kilisesi, Trabzonmparatorluu krallarndan 1. ManuelComnenos (12381263) zamannda inaedilmitir.

E) Trabzon imparatorluu kral 1. ManuelComnenos (12381263) zamannda inaedilmi olan Trabzon Ayasofya Kilisesignmzde mze olarak hizmetvermektedir.

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38.Old Turkish houses are the structuralcornerstonesof Turkishurban culturewhichwereformedoverhundredsofyearsandarestillaliveatpresent.A) YzlerceyldaoluanTrkkentkltrnn

temel yapta iarndan olan eski Trkevleri, gnmzde de bu zelliinikorumaktadr.

B) Gnmzde de varln srdren eskiTrk evleri, yzlerce yllk Trk kentkltrnn olumasnda en nemli rolstlenmilerdir.

C) EskiTrkevleriyzlerceyldaoluanTrkkent kltrnn temel yaptalardr vegnmzdehlvarlnsrdrmektedir.

D) EskiTrkevleriyzlerceyldaoluanTrkkent kltrnn, hl varln srdrentemelyaptalardr.

E) YzlerceyldaoluanTrkkentkltrnnen nemli yaptalarndan saylan eskiTrk evleri, gnmzde de varlnsrdrmektedir.

39. Travelonthesurfaceoftheoceanthroughtheuseofboatsdatesback toprehistoric times,but only in modern times has extensiveunderwatertravelbecomepossible.A) Tarihte botlarn aracl ile okyanus

yzeyinde seyahat etmenin nemibyktr, nk kapsaml denizaltseyahatleri sadece modern adammknolmutur.

B) Botlarn aracl ile okyanus yzeyindeseyahat etmek sadece modern adammkn olmutur, fakat tarihi tarihncesi zamanlarda kapsaml denizaltseyahatleriyaplmasmmkndeildi.

C) Botlarokyanusyzeyindeseyahatetmekiin tarih ncesi zamanlarda bilekullanlrd fakat denizalt seyahatlerimodernadammkngzkmektedir.

D) Botlarn aracl ile okyanus yzeyindeseyahat etmenin tarihi tarih ncesizamanlara dayanr, fakat kapsamldenizaltseyahatlerisadecemodernadammknolmutur.

E) Botlarn aracl ile okyanus yzeyindeseyahat etmenin tarihi tarih ncesizamanlara kadar gtrlebilir, bununlabirlikte denizalt seyahatlerinin sadecemodernadammknolduudncesideyanldeildir.

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40. Vcutbaklzayfolan insanlargenelliklekanseredahayatkndrlarvebudabaklksisteminin en azndan baz kanser trlerinekar koruyucu rol oynadn gsteren birgerektir.A) Becausethebody'simmunesystemplays

a protective role against at least someforms of cancer, people with immunedeficiencies are unusually susceptible tocancer.

B) People with immune deficiencies areoften usually susceptible to cancer, andthis isafactsuggestingthatthe immunesystemplaysaprotective roleagainstatleastsomeformsofcancer.

C) That the immune system plays aprotective role against certain forms ofcancerissuggestedbythefactthatcancerismorewidespread among peoplewithimmunedeficiencies.

D) Sincepeoplehaving immunedeficienciesare usually extremely susceptible tocancer, it is suggested that the immunesystem guards the body against at leastsomeformsofcancer.

E) Often people with immune deficienciesare unusually susceptible to cancer andthis is supported by the fact that theimmune system is able to protect thebody against at least some forms ofcancer.

41. Bilim insanlar buz kristalleri iinde sakldoalgaz karp sfr emisyonlu yaktadntrmenin yollarn aryorlar ve bunubaarrlarsa "yanan buz" gelecein yaktolabilir.A) Theattemptofscientiststo findwaysof

making a zero emission fuel out of thenatural gas hidden in ice crystals maymake"burningice"thefuelofthefuture.

B) If scientists are able to extract andtransform the natural gas hidden in icecrystalsintoazeroemissionfuel,"burningice"maybecomethefuelofthefuture.

C) When scientists succeed in turning thenatural gas in ice crystals into a zeroemission fuel, "burning ice"willbecomethefuelofthefuture.

D) Scientistsare trying togetzeroemissionfuel by extracting the natural gas in icecrystalswhichmaymake"burningice"thefuelofthefuture.

E) Scientists are looking for ways ofextracting and transforming the naturalgas hidden in ice crystals into a zeroemission fuel, and if they succeed,"burningice"maybecomethefuelofthefuture.

42. kinci Dnya Sava olarak da bilinen Dnya

Sava1939ve1945yllararasndameydanagelenbyklekliaskeribiratmayd.A) World War, also known as the Second

World War, was a large scale militaryconflictamongtheindustrialnationsfrom1939to1945.

B) Among the wars having affected theworld, World War, also known as theSecondWorldWar,was the largest onethattookplacebetween1939and1945.

C) WorldWar,alsoknownastheFirstWorldWar,was partially a large scalemilitaryconflictthatendedin1945.

D) World War, also known as the SecondWorld War, was a large scale militaryconflictthattookplacebetween1939and1945.

E) WorldWar,also identifiedastheSecondWorldWar,was a large scale economicdisagreement that took place between1939and1945.

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43. 46. sorular aadaki paraya grecevaplaynz.Nowadays,weallliketothinkwehavegotpasttheracistnonsenseofpreviouscenturies,wheneventhemost eminent scientists, white ones, of course,declaredwhitepeopletobethepinnacleofhumanprogress and other races to be inferior. We nowacceptthatnorace issuperiortoanother.There isno question that most societies have madeenormousprogress ineliminating suchovert racialprejudice. But an unsettling study published byresearchersintheUnitedStatessuggeststhatthereisstillalongwaytogo.Eventoday,thestudyfinds,Americans of various races still unconsciouslydehumanize their black fellow citizens by subtlyassociating them with apes. In an experiment inwhichstudentsweresubliminallyflashedaphotoofeitheranAfricanAmericanoraEuropeanAmericanface, and then shown a blurry picture of an ape,those shown the black face were quicker torecognize the ape. More troubling still, thisassociation is not just confined to psychologists'tests: It also appears to bias people's judgmentsaboutwhetherspecific instancesofpoliceviolencearejustified.43. As canbe clearly seen in thepassage, racial

prejudice_____.A) stillprevailsinthiscenturyB) isthesubjectofpreviouscenturiesC) canbeeradicatedwitheducationD) is most observable in white scientists'

attitudesE) istriggeredbyexperiments

44. Asitispointedoutinthepassage,____A) over the centuries, racism has been

declining,especiallyintheUSB) more and more studies show that the

whiteraceissuperiorC) theassociationofablackfacewithapesis

evidenceenoughtoshowtheexistenceofracism

D) some races are inferior according toAfricanAmericans

E) psychologistsdonotbelievethereisracialprejudiceintheUS

45. Accordingtothepassage,_____.

A) mostsocietieshavesolvedtheproblemofracismexcepttheUS

B) more and more studies reveal thesituationonracialattitudesisnotwhatwewouldliketosee

C) researchers have made enormousprogressineliminatingracism

D) various studies show that some peoplejustifypoliceviolence

E) Americans have considerably changedtheirviewsregardingotherraces

46. As it is pointed out in the passage, the

experimentA) produced results contradicting white

scientists'beliefsB) testedwhetherpoliceviolenceisjustified

oncertaingroundsC) concludedthatpsychologistswerewrong

tocarryoutthetestD) involved showing a picture of a human

faceandofanapeE) provedthatracismisnotaswidespreadas

hasbeenthought

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47.50.sorularaadakiparayagrecevaplaynz.Bestknownforhisnovels20,000LeaguesUndertheSeaandAroundtheWorld in80Days,JulesVerne,theFrenchsciencefictionpioneer,hasalwaysbeenamajorculturalfigureinhisnativeland,France.Hishometown of Amiens continues to remember hiscontributionswithparades,exhibitionsand literaryconferences.Yet,intheEnglishspeakingworld,JulesVernehasbeenpigeonholedasmerelyayoungboy'sadventurewriter,even thoughhewas successfullyabletoforeseeheavierthanairflyingmachinesandmoon voyages. In addition, twentieth centurypioneerssuchasthepolarexplorerRichardByrd,therocketscientistWernervonBraunandtheastronautNeil Armstrong have all said that Jules Verne'swritings inspired them. But now, Jules Verneenthusiastsarepushingforareconsiderationofthewriter as an influential literary figure, whose 64novels and stories of admittedly varying literaryqualityoffernotonly startlingpropheciesbutalsoofferprovideasharpcommentaryontheEuropeandAmericaofhisday.47. It canbe inferred from thepassage that the

importanceofVerne'sworks____.A) hasbeenrecognizeddifferentlyinvarious

partsoftheworldB) wasonlyappreciatedafterhisdeathC) liesinhisforeseeingofpolarexplorations

androcketbuildingD) has been underestimated in his native

landFranceE) wasconstantlydebatedduringhislifetime

48. As it is pointed out in the passage, Vernesliterary___.A) needs to be reconsidered by his

enthusiastsB) isbasedonhisboy'sadventurestoriesC) was revealed through his prophecies

aboutEuropeandAmericaD) can easily be seen in all his novels and

storiesE) isquestionedbyalargenumberofpeople

49. Asitisstatedinthispassage,___.

A)Amiensisbestknownforcelebrating20,000LeaguesUnder the Sea and Around theWorldIn80Days

B) major cultural figures in France areremembered inparades,exhibitionsandconferences

C)JulesVerne'smostfamousworksare20,000LeaguesUnder the Sea and Around theWorldIn80Days

D) Jules Verne became a science fictionwriter with the publication of 20,000LeaguesUnder the Sea and Around theWorldIn80Days

E) 20,000LeaguesUndertheSeaandAroundtheWorldIn80DaysarerememberedinhishometownofAmiens

50. Accordingtothepassage,theEnglishspeaking

world____.A) is reluctant to seeVerne as a children's

writerB) hasunderestimatedtheworksofVerneC) wasmoreinterestedinthemoonvoyages

thanflyingmachinesD) recognizedtheneedtoputhisideastouseE) regardedVerneasapioneer inscientific

developments

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51.54.sorularaadakiparayagrecevaplaynz.A battle between traditional and progressiveeducatorshasragedsincethe1930s,whenmodernapproachestomusicalteachingwerefirstproposed.Stephanie Pitts, author and editor of the BritishJournalofMusicEducation,chartsthecourseofthisbattle in her book A Century of Change inMusicEducation.Bothcampsarguedformusic's inclusionintheschoolcurriculum,buttheirjustificationsandproposedteachingmethodsconflicted.Ontheonehand,declared traditionalists,musicwasabodyofknowledgemade up of the great symphonies andfolksongsofBritain'srepertoire.Studentscouldbetaught to appreciate and sing this "nationalsongbook"aspartofaculturaleducation.Thiswasthe method that dominated the classroom fordecades, and is still part of the primary schoolapproach. On the other hand, responded theprogressives,ifmusicwasanexpressionofourinnerpsyche,thenchildrenshouldbeencouragedtoplayand experiment in order to learn more aboutthemselves."Bringsomethingtomakenoisewith",theyshouted.51. Itisclearinthepassagethat___.

A) differences between the two schools ofmusiceducationareminimal

B) it is likely that disagreement over themethods of teaching music will beresolvedshortly

C) the progressives in the field of musicteaching have the upper hand inapplication

D) teachingapproachesinmusicaremoreorlessalike

E) both teaching methods believe musicshouldbetaughtinschools

52. According to the passage, traditional music_____.A) hasbeenchallengedforalmostacenturyB) isoutdatedandshouldbereplacedC) hasfoundlittleacceptanceinmostschool

curriculaD) is best suited to the expression of the

innerpsycheE) was finally replaced in the 1930s in

schoolsacrossBritain53. Itisstatedinthepassagethattheprogressive

method____.A) ispraisedbyStephaniePittsinherbookB) wasfirstproposedinthelastdecadeC) ispartoftheprimaryschoolapproachD) providesfeweropportunitiesforchildren

tolearnaboutthemselvesE) placesemphasisonpersonalexpression

54. It ispointedout inthepassage thatthe two

musicapproaches____.A) have more disagreements than

agreementsB) areequallydislikedbystudentsinschools

acrossBritainC) complement each other in more ways

thanoneD) agreethatmusic isabodyofknowledge

consistingofsymphoniesandfolksongsE) think that music education should be a

normalpartofculturaleducation

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55. 58. sorular aadaki paraya grecevaplaynz.To fully understand unemployment, one mustconsider the causes of recorded longtermunemployment, that is, thegovernmentassistanceprograms. For one thing, government assistanceincreases the measure of unemployment bypromptingpeoplewhoarenotworkingtoclaimthattheyare looking forworkevenwhentheyarenot.The work registration requirement for welfarerecipients, for example, compels people whootherwisewouldnotbeconsideredpartofthelaborforce to register as if theywere a part of it. Thisrequirement effectively increases the measure ofunemploymentinthelaborforceeventhoughthesepeoplearebetterdescribednoemployedthatis,not actively looking for work. Similarly,unemploymentinsuranceinducespeopletosaytheyare job hunting in order to collect benefit. Theseprograms also contribute to longtermunemployment by providing an incentive, and themeans,nottowork.Eachunemployedpersonhasareservationwage theminimumwageheorsheinsists on getting before accepting a job.Unemployment insurance and other socialassistanceprograms increase thewage,causinganunemployedpersontoremainunemployedlonger.55. One point made in the passage is that

governmentassistanceprogramsalsoresultinlongtermunemploymentbecause___.A) currentratesoflongtermunemployment

areoftenmeasuredimproperlyB) unemployed people have a reservation

wagetheydemandbeforeacceptingajobC) mostunemployedpeoplearedevotedto

lookingforajobuntiltheyfindoneD) they cannot findoutexactlyhow longa

personstaysoffthejobE) mostunemployedpeoplefailtocarryout

theworkregistrationrequirement

56. It can be clearly understood that themajorfocusofthispassageisonthe___.A) globalincreaseinrecorded

unemploymentB) benefitsofgovernmentassistance

programsC) workregistrationrequirementtofinda

jobD) causesoflongtermunemploymentE) costofwelfarepaymentsand

unemploymentinsurance57. It isclear from thepassage thatgovernment

assistance programs add to theunemploymentratesby___.A) decreasingthetimeapersonstaysoffthe

jobB) helpingpeoplewiththeworkregistration

proceduresC) encouragingtheunemployednotto look

forajobD) promptingwelfarerecipientstolookfora

jobE) inducingmanypeopletodropoutofthe

labourforce58. Itcanbeunderstoodfromthepassagethatin

order to obtain regular unemploymentcompensationfromthegovernment,A) it is necessary not to have used a

reservationwagebeforeB) peopleneedtobeoutofworkforalong

timeC) unemployedpeopleareofficiallyrequired

toregisterforworkD) one must not be described as

noemployedE) unemployedpeopleneedtohaveaunion

registration

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59.62.sorularaadakiparayagrecevaplaynz.ThefirstdocumentedschemeforinflightrefuellingcamefromayoungRussianaviatornamedAlexanderde Seversky.His fatherowned aplane and taughthimtoflywhenhewasinhisearlyteens.In1917,whenhewas23,Severskyproposedamethod forextending flight: Oneplane could carryextra fuelanddeliverittoanotherthroughahose.AftertheRussian Revolution, Russias new BolshevikgovernmentsenthimtotheUnitedStatestostudyaircraftdesign,andhe stayed therewhenpoliticaldevelopmentsmadehisreturntoRussiadangerous.HegotajobasanaeronauticalengineerfortheUSWarDepartmentandwasawardedtheworldsfirstpatent for airtoair refuelling, inwhich large fueltankerswouldsupplyfueltofighteraircraftwhileinflight.Severskywentontoadistinguishedcareerinairplane design and achieved perhaps his greatestfame as the author of the influential 1942 bookVictory through Air Power. He never put hisrefuelling plan into action, though, and otheraviatorslatercameupwithideasoftheirown.59. One understands from the passage that

although Alexander de Seversky was theownerofthefirstpatentforinflightrefuelling___.A) theUSWarDepartmentwasuninterested

inhisplansB) histruepassionwasalwaysflying,which

helearnedasateenagerC) Russias Bolshevik government did not

supporthisschemesD) hisplanswereneverimplementedE) other inventorsmadeuseofhis ideason

aircraftdesign

60. WeseefromthepassagethatSeverskys1942bookVictorythroughAirPower___.A) madehimmorefamousthanhisideasfor

inflightrefuellingB) was extremely unpopular in Bolshevik

RussiaC) wasusedasatrainingmanualbytheUS

WarDepartmentD) extensivelydetailedhisplansfor inflight

refuellingE) remainedunpublishedat the timeofhis

death61. Accordingtothepassage,Severskywasunable

toreturntoRussiadueto___.A) his employment as an aeronautical

engineerfortheUSWarDepartmentB) thedangersof internationaltravelatthe

timeC) changesinthepoliticalsituationthereD) thefactthathewasanextremelypopular

aircraftdesignerE) the political nature of the book he

publishedin62. It is clear from the passage that Severskys

originalplanforinflightrefuelling___.A) wasperceivedasathreatbytheRussian

governmentB) involved the transfer of fuel from one

airborneaircrafttoanotherbymeansofahose

C) gavehimaclearadvantagewhenhewasapplyingforworkintheUnitedStates

D) wasinspiredbyhisaeronauticalstudiesinAmerica

E) was completely revised, followingsuggestionsfromtheUSWarDepartment

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63.66.sorularda,verilencmleyeanlamcaenyaknolancmleyibulunuz.63. Scientistshope touseall thesepagesof the

bookoflifetorevolutionizethetreatmentofhumandisease.A) Itwasscientistsexpectationtouseevery

pages of the book of life to changeradicallythetreatmentofhumanillness.

B) Scientistshopetouseallofthebooksoflifewrittentorevolutionizethetreatmentofhumandisease.

C) Scientists canexpect touse allpagesofthe book of life to revolutionize thetreatmentofhumandisease.

D) Scientistshope touseall thesepagesofthe book to find new methods for thetreatmentofhumandisease.

E) It was scientists hope to use all thesepages of the book of life to learn thetreatmentofhumanillness.

64. If amutationoccurs in anovumor a sperm

cell,thealteredtraitwillbe inheritedbytheoffspring.A) Aslongasamutationhappensinanoum

or a sperm cell, the trait wont beobtainedbytheoffspring.

B) The altered trait wont be obtainedthrough genes by the offspring unless amutationoccurs in anovumor a spermcell.

C) Unlessamutationoccursinanovumoraspermcell,thetraitwillbealteredbytheoffspring.

D) The altered trait cant be obtained bymeansofgeneswhenamutationoccursinanovumoraspermcell.

E) The altered trait will be obtained bymeansofgenesifamutationoccursinanovumoraspermcell.

65. Althoughcausesofcongenitaldeformitiesandbirth defects often are not known, in somecases,theyareknownandcanbeavoided.A) Becausecausesofcongenitaldeformities

and birth defects often are known, insome cases, theyareknownand canbeavoided.

B) Sincecausesofcongenitaldeformitiesandbirthdefectssometimesknown, insomecases,theyareknownandcanbeavoided.

C) Even though the reasons of congenitaldeformities and birth defects often arenot known, in some situations, they areknownandcanbeemitted.

D) Althoughcausesofcongenitaldeformitiesand birth defects often are not known,sometimes, they arefound and may beavoided.

E) Though causesof congenitaldeformitiesandbirthdefectsarenotknown,insomeplaces, theyare knownand canbe keptaway.

66. The most effective method of preventing

geneticdiseaseisthroughgeneticcounseling,aspecializedfieldofhealthcare.A) Genetic counseling is themost effective

methodofpreventinggeneticdiseaseinaspecializedfieldofhealthcare.

B) In health care, genetic counselingprevents genetic diseases and can bethoughtasthemosteffectivemethod.

C) Geneticcounselingstopsgeneticdiseaseeffectivellyand it isaspecialized fieldofhealthcare.l

D) Genetic counseling, one of the mostimportantspecializedfieldofhealthcare,is an effective method to stop geneticdisease

E) Genetic counseling,a specialized fieldofhealthcare,isthemosteffectivemethodtostopgeneticdisease.

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67.71. sorularda, karlkl konumann bobraklanksmntamamlayabilecekifadeyibulunuz67. Student: What ismeantbythis"curiosity

killedthecat"? Teacher: It'sgivingawarning;curiositycan

bedangerous,itcankillevenacat. Student:______ Teacher: Yes it is;within reason. But don't

putanail intoanelectric socket to seewhathappens.A) Butmost children are naturally curious.

That'showtheylearn.B) Yes;theysayacathasninelives.C) Isthisanidiomthatisoftenused?D) ButIthoughtcuriositywasagoodthing.E) My father used to encourageme to be

curious68. Simon:Iwatchedareportaboutchildrenwho

spendtheirtimegluedtoTVscreens. Carole:Yes,Isawapartofittoo.Apparently

theresearcherssay itcancausepsychologicalproblems.Doyouthinkthat'strue?

Simon:_____ Carole: Yes. But either way, excessive TV

viewing isprobably awarning signofdeeperpsychologicalissues.A) The researchersshould look intohow to

besttreatthesechildrenandcurethemoftheiraddiction.

B) Theycan'tsaywhetherTVcreates theseproblems or whether the children hadpreexistingmentalhealthproblems.

C) ThedecisiontoturnoffTVrestswiththeparentsofthesechildren.

D) I think the researchers should see ifphysicalexercisecanoffsettheeffectsofsittinginfrontofaTVscreenforsolong.

E) The children should bemade towatchmore educational programmes to helpthemovercometheirproblems.

69.Bob: Whydon'tyou joinustosupportourteaminthestadium?

Mike: It's more comfortable at home. Youcan see the games up close, and you getdifferent camera angles. Unless you can getgoodseats,watching inperson isn'tnearlyasgood.So,what'sthepoint?

Bob:_____ Mike: Iknow,butthat'snotmystyle.

A) It's the atmosphere of the crowd thatmakesitsoexciting.

B) Perhapsyoucantryatleastonce.C) Hooligansmaybetherealthreat,soyou

areright!D) That sounds very disappointing! Why

bothergoingtothegamesthen?E) That's a good idea! You'll be happier at

home.70. Sam: I'm planning to have a holiday at a

resort in theCaribbean,butpeople sayeveryfew years this spot ishitbya tropical storm.WhatshouldIdo?

Tom:Officially,theAtlantichurricaneseasonis from June 1 toNovember 30, butMothernature isn't reading calendars.Are you a risktaker?

Sam:______ Tom: You'dbetterpickanotherdestination

then,becauseeveryonce inawhileatropicalcyclonehitsoutofseason.A) Perhaps I should do a cruise instead. It

wouldbemuchsafer.B) There is nothingmagical in these dates

andhurricaneshaveoccurredoutsideofthesesixmonths.

C) Not at all! I'mnot going anywherenearthehurricanezoneduringpeakmonths.

D) Ithinktheoddsofenjoyingfineweatherareverygood.

E) OK, I'll go but I'll be careful. I'll try toreducetheriskbytakingoutinsurance.

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71. Vera: I remember being at theGovernor'sBall,andwatchingWarrentalkingexcitedlytomyexhusband.

Nicola:_____ Vera: Well, Iwassoastonished, I juststood

therestaringatthem. Nicola:Didyoueverfindoutwhattheywere

talkingabout? Vera:No,theywouldn'tsay!

A) TheGovernor'sBall!Idon'tbelieveit!B) Whywereyouinvitedthere?C) Areyousureofthat?D) WhoisWarren,anyway?E) Whatwasyourreaction?

72. 75. sorularda, bo braklan yere, paradaanlam btnln salamak iin getirilebilecekcmleyibulunuz.72.AtthetimeoftheirarrivalinEurope,theHuns

did not acknowledge a single ruler but hadseveral powersharing kings who operatedwithin a ranking system, with one of theirnumber recognized as senior king. To avoidovergrazing,theHunsneededtobedispersedoverawideareaandthisledtotheformationof a developed power structure. In the 5thcentury, they began to abandon nomadicpastoralism and settle in villages. ___ Thismade possible a process of politicalcentralizationthatledtoRugabecomingsolekingoftheHunsin432.A) Loyaltywasn'talwaysthefirsttraitthata

king looked for in his followers at thattime.

B) Kingsruledwiththesupportofachosenelite class, but the Huns were stilldeprived of formal institutions ofgovernment.

C) Theexactboundsof theirconquestsarenotknownand little iscertainaboutthefirstmovementsofthekings.

D) They became wealthy from raiding,collectingtributefromsubjectpeopleandwages for mercenary service with theRomanarmies.

E) The Huns were horse archers, so theyrarelyworearmourand reliedon speedandmanoeuvrabilityforprotection.

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73. ___However,mostoftheAfricanartknowntoday is relatively recent; from the 19thcenturyorlater.Verylittleearlier,Africanarthas survived,primarilybecause itwasmadelargelyofperishablematerialssuchaswood,cloth,andplantfibres,andbecauseittypicallymetwith intensiveuse inceremoniesand indaily life. Scholars of African art basesuppositions about earlier artmainlyon theartofthelasttwocenturies.Buttheycanonlyguessattheearliertraditionsfromwhichtherecentartdeveloped.A) Today,African artdoesnot constitute a

singletradition.B) Many surviving examples of African art

datefromthe14thtothe17thcentury.C) Each African culture produces its own

distinctiveartandarchitecture.D) African cultures design many utilitarian

objectswithdecorativeschemesinmind.E) TheearliestknownAfricansculpturesare

sculptedclayheadsandhumanfigures.74. Conflict isastrugglebetweenopposingsides

orforces.Inaplay,thecharactersactouttheconflict,andultimatelytheiractionsresultinaresolution,oroutcome.External conflict isastrugglebetweenacharacterandanoutsideforce,suchasanotherperson,nature,orfate.___.Acharactercanexpress internalconflictaswell as external conflict through actions,facialexpressions,anddialogue.A) Thus,externalorinternal,conflictsarouse

interestamongviewers.B) Also,playsoftenpointtocuesastowhen

aninternalconflictislikelytooccur.C) Likewise, dialogues contain a variety of

bothinternalandexternalconflicts.D) Furthermore, a characters conflict is

often obvious from his or her facialexpressions.

E) However, internal conflict is a strugglewithinthecharactersownmind.

75. Musicalnotesareassigneddifferentpitches,andareputtogethertoformmelodies.Thesemaycontainphrases,whichcanbethoughtofas musical sentences. Often, each phrasecontains as many notes as can be sungcomfortably in a single breath. ___. Theflavour of melodies and harmonies oftenresultsfromthetypesofscalesorcollectionsofnotesthatareused.A) The simultaneous soundingofanumber

ofdifferentnotescreatesharmony.B) Thebasicmaterialsofmusicarepitchand

rhythm.C) Rhythm,atitsmostbasic,isthebeatofa

pieceofmusicandthemetre.D) Harmony can be regarded as the

resolutionoftension.E) Asageneralrule,thelongerthestringor

columnofair,thelowerthepitch.

76.80.sorulardacmlelersrasylaokunduundaparann anlam btnln bozan cmleyibulunuz.76. (I)TheUnitedStatescannotmakeafreshstart

inIraq.(II)TheIraqigovernmenthasdecidedtoupgrade its infrastructureasaprecautionagainstnaturaldisasterslikefloods.(Ill)Butithasonelastchancetoadjustcourseandpartlycorrect itspreviousmistakes. (IV) WhentheIraqielectionswereapproaching, theUnitedStates had entered the last stage of itsengagement there, and had begun itswithdrawal from the country. (V) No oneknowsjustexactlyhowlongthisstageisgoingtolast.A)I B)II C)III D)IV E)V

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77. (I) Europe likes to claim that it is a kinder,gentler, global alternative to the UnitedStates.(II)Butstagnanteconomies,sufferingImmigrantsandelitistrhetoricdonotmakeforaglobalpowerhouse.(Ill) ItseemsthenthatthefutureoftheEuropeanProjectisatstake.(IV) However, allmajor European countriesexcept one have now signed the KyotoProtocol.(V)Europeancountriesmusteitherunitebehindmuchneededreformsorwatchtheirdifferencestearthemapart.A)I B)II C)III D)IV E)V

78. (I) The former Soviet states and much of

Eastern Europe almost entirely depend onRussia foroilandnaturalgasatpresent. (II)Russia fears that there could be potentialrivals, and is taking steps to maintain itscontrolof themarket. (Ill) The longrunningdisputewithJapanovertheislandsisyettoberesolved. (IV) Some experts believe theKremlin has evenworked to undermine theBakuTbilisiCeyhanpipelineProject.(V) ThisisbecauseitwillcarryoilfromtheCaspianSeatotheWestwithoutgoingthroughRussia.A)I B)II C)III D)IV E)V

79. (I) TheAmerican Constitution requires that

the senate offer advice and consent onnomineesforallimportantpositions.(II)Thesenatewillsoonneedtoholdproceedingsforanewchief justice,totakeoverthepositionfrom the former one. (Ill) Therefore, thesenators are often used in an advisorycapacity.(IV)Inaddition,thesenateactsasapotentially important check on presidentialpower. (V) The trouble is that there is noreasontobeconfidentthatprobingwillprovevaluableatalltimes.A)I B)II C)III D)IV E)V

80. (I) As the world's population approachessevenbillion,thechallenges facinghumanityhaveneverbeengreater.(II)Fortunately,thesolutions tomany of themost fundamentalchallenges canbe found in science. (Ill) Butproviding for the food, energy and safetyneeds of a growing population will requiremore than science alone. (IV) Companies,both largeand small,need to comeupwithmoreandmoreinnovationstofacilitatetradeand commerce. (V) It will require peopleworking together across borders,governments, organizations and cultures toimprovethelivesofpeoplearoundtheworld.A)I B)II C)III D)IV E)V

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