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INDOOR ENVIRONMENT LIGHT AND NOISE,

TEMPERATURE ANDHUMIDITY

Presented by:

D. Esther

HHM/2010 04 (PH)

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Making a private or public environment

comfortable and functional for individualswho are disabled should be part of universal

design. It is a matter of knowing the basicsand planning for easy access during theinitial design of the facility and its programs

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The use of lighting, color contrast, and the reduction ofglare are important factors architects and interiordesigners must be aware of for effective environmentaldesign.

Individuals working in the field of aging should take thesevision factors into consideration when designingenvironments for older persons, particularly senior

centers, retirement communities, assistive livingenvironments, and nursing homes.

Low light in a classroom can pose a problem for visually-impaired students who rely on adequate lighting to see.

Keep window shades open and overhead lights on tooptimize visibility for impaired students. Limit the amountof time classroom lights are dimmed by reducing the useof the overhead projector.

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If the lighting in the classroom remains low, seekadministrative permission to bring in additional home

lighting than can be subtlety and strategically placednear the student to offer additional light.

With the rising cost of health care and the value we all

place on maintaining our independence and mobility, itmakes sense to do anything possible to avert anaccident or injury that could result in hospitalization or anextended recuperation.

For many reasons, the elderly often have challengesrelated to poor vision.

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Glare should be reduced from windows by usingcurtains, solar reflective glass, or blinds.

Use non-skid, non-glare products to clean and polishfloors.

Throw rugs are tripping traps to the visuallyimpaired, especially if the color of the rug is similar

to the floor. It is a good idea to eliminate thementirely.

Another important consideration is proper and safeplacement of furniture.

Be certain that the furnishings of rooms, especiallylamps, and electrical cords are not intruding onto thepath of normal traffic flow.

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Pay attention to the walking hazard presented by glassdoors, such as sliders to a deck.

Affix a bright colored band, or a colorful motif to the glassat eye level to prevent partially-sighted persons fromaccidentally bumping into them.

It is also very helpful to make use of contrast and color to

orient and direct the visually impaired. By placing light colored objects against a dark

background, they are much easier to see and locate.

For example, use brown switch and outlet plates on

white walls. Mark the edges of steps, ramps, and landings with a

contrasting bright color paint or tape to provide morevisual cues for safer walking.

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Access to the home should also be made safe forwalking. Cracks or irregularities in walkway surfaces

are hazardous and should be repaired. It is desirable to define clearly the edges of paths

and sidewalks with different colors and textures.

Make use of plants, flowers or colored stones to

emphasize pavement edges. Hedges, bushes and tree limbs should not encroach

onto footpaths. Reduce the number of steps up asmuch as possible.

Well marked, brightly colored inclines and ramps aremuch safer and easier to use.

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Light Level or Illuminance, is the total luminousflux incident on a surface, per unit area. The workplane is where the most important tasks in the roomor space are performed.

Measuring Units Light Level - Illuminance

Illumenance is measured in foot candles (ftcd, fc,fcd) (or lux in the metric SI system). A foot candle isactually one lumenof light density per square foot, oneluxis one lumen per square meter.

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Activity Illumination(lux, lumen/m2)

Public areas with dark surroundings 20 - 50Simple orientation for short visits 50 - 100

Working areas where visual tasks are only occasionally

performed 100 - 150Warehouses, Homes, Theaters, Archives 150

Easy Office Work, Classes 250Normal Office Work, PC Work, Study Library, Groceries,

Show Rooms, Laboratories 500Supermarkets, Mechanical Workshops, Office

Landscapes 750Normal Drawing Work, Detailed Mechanical Workshops,

Operation Theatres 1,000Detailed Drawing Work, Very Detailed Mechanical Works 1500 - 2000

Performance of visual tasks of low contrast and very

small size for prolonged periods of time 2000 - 5000Performance of very prolonged and exacting visual tasks 5000 - 10000Performance of very special visual tasks of extremely low

contrast and small size 10000 - 20000

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NOISE:The recognition of the noise as a serious health

hazard as opposed to a nuisance is a recentdevelopment and the health effects of the hazardousnoise exposure are now considered to be anincreasingly important environmental health

problem.Problems related to noise include hearing loss,

stress, interference with communication, sleep loss,effects on performance and behavior, inability to

enjoy ones property or leisure time, and a generalreduction in the quality of life and opportunities fortranquility.

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DECIBELS (dB) COMMONSOUNDS PERCEPTION

10 dB - 30dBWhisper or a quiet

conversation Barely audible30dB - 50dB Rainfall, quiet office,refrigerator or a computer Heard faintly50db - 60db Dishwasher, normalconversation or a radio Moderate level60dB - 70dB Hairdryer, heavy traffic ora ringing phone Moderate to loud70db - 80dB Noisy office or an alarmclock Loud80dB - 90dB Electric razor, lawnmoweror an vacuum cleaner Loud to very loud90dB - 100dB Chain saw, air compressoror a jackhammer Very loud100dB - 110dB Rock concert, power sawor a hifi on full Extremely loud110dB - 120dB Jet take off, nightclub orthunder Extremely loud to painful120dB - 130dB Shotgun Painful

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For most people, a life times continuous exposureto an environmental average noise level of 70 dB will notcause hearing impairment, but any continuous levelabove 70 dB will adversely affect ones hearing ability.

An adult persons ear can tolerate an occasional noiselevel of up to 140 dB, but this is not recommended overa prolonged time period. Noise induced hearingimpairment is the most common irreversible (andpreventable) occupational hazard worldwide.

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Students with visual impairments rely on soundinformation and cues to absorb information.

Consider the sound environment of the classroom in planning.

Though seating the student nearest to you will alleviate sounddistraction, you should make frequent check-ins with studentsto ensure that you are projecting clearly throughout the room.

Outdoor sounds that are ambient to some students can bedistracting to visually-impaired students; keep windows anddoors shut to block out unwanted sound.

Be vigilant about the noise level in your classroom duringgroup work; monitor sound levels so that visually-impaired

students can hear necessary information through unnecessarynoise.

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Environmental factors (such as humidity andsources of heat in the workplace) combine with

personal factors (such as the clothing a worker iswearing and how physically demanding their workis) to influence what is called someones thermalcomfort.

Individual personal preference makes it difficultto specify a thermal environment which satisfieseveryone. For workplaces where the activity is

mainly sedentary, for example offices, thetemperature should normally be at least 16 C. Ifwork involves physical effort it should be at least 13C (unless other laws require lower temperatures).

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TEMPERATUREANDHUMIDITY:

Variations in climatic conditions will be with usforever and undoubtedly. Therefore, a goodunderstanding of the effects of temperature, humidity,and air flow on human health and performance, as wellas the effectiveness of various protective measures isessential for efficient and safe design.

The following factors must be taken into account in orderto maintain proper working environment:

Heat exposure limit

Heat exchange

Humidity

Heat stress

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It is recommended as a rule ofthumb that the living room be kept

at 21C and the bedroom at 18C,which is quite warm by mostpeople's standards.

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