Terms of Service Al Jazeera Graphic Novel

8/9/2019 Terms of Service Al Jazeera Graphic Novel

1/48


2/48

Big Daa powers he modern

world. Wih ols like FiBi

racking our every sep

and supercompuers like

IBMs Wason helping Memorial Sloan

Keering rea cancer paiens, we lieraly

live i. Bewen our social media profiles,

browsing hisories, discoun programs, and

new ols like Nes conroling our energy use,

heres no escape.

Is rue humans have always generaed, coleced and analyzed daa, from

knowing which ime of year o fish he rivers o realizing hey should probably

sop eaing so much akeou. Whas diferen oday is he power of everydaydevices o gaher and analyze ha daa in real ime. Unles one pays wih cash,

now is posible, wih very lile efor, o go from saying I ea a lo of akeou

o knowing wih cerainy I spend 23 percen of my wekly paycheck on akeou

fod.

Big companies are colecing and using his informaion, o. This can be

god or bad. Maybe we sar making beer choices abou he fod we ea and he

money we spend. Or maybe an insurance company decides o increase is rae or

even erminae a policy because i projecs wel have diabees in 18 monhs.

We believe many folks wan o learn more abou hese isues bu are urned

of by ofen dense and jargon-laden coverage.

So we made a comic!

Wha do we gain from Big Daa? Wha do we lose? Co-produced by caronis

Josh Neufeldand reporer Michael Keler, we hope his graphic novela wil give

you a god foundaion o sar asking your own quesions.

Have any comens or sories youd like o share? Please ge in ouch:

[email protected] .

The Ediors, Ocober 2014

ByMICHAEL KELLERandJOSH NEUFELD

Edied by

RHYNE PIGGOTTandLAM THUY VO

Terms of Service:

Understanding Our Rolein the World of Big Data


3/48

Spring 2004, San Francisco.

What Ive drawn hereis a portrait of fear.

The squiggly line is thepenumbra of fear, and the

dot in the middleis REAL fear.

Youre in thepenumbra of fear.

Al Gore

Google executives--and the former vicepresident--meet with a California statesenator at the Ritz-Carlton to talkabout...Gmail.


4/48

When Gmail debuted that year,privacy advocates were immediatelyup in arms.1

Gmail made money by scanning thecontents of your email forKEYWORDS that it used to servetargeted ads.

California state Sen. LIZ FIGUEROA was upset thatpeople who werent using Gmail--but werecorresponding with people who were--would alsohave THEIR emails scanned, effectively being forcedinto the keyword-scanning system.

Claiming that Gmails system ranafoul of the states Wiretap Act,Figueroa put forward a bill2requiringGoogle to obtain users consentbefore any scanning could happen.

Google co-founders Sergey Brin and Larry Pagescoffed at Figueroas fears that the companywas retaining data over time.

What happens if some sort ofrobot came into your home...

...and started reading your privatematerials--like your IRS statements, yourdiary or your private correspondence...

...but then imploded--and all that wentaway.

Brin


5/48*Al Gore did not respond to repeated requests for comment. Google declined to comment for this story.

Would you say thatwas an invasion of

privacy?

Yes, thatis intrusive!

Would [it] be able to readmy emotions? Would [it] know

that I was sad? Happy?Withdrawn?

Yes, and itcan do

a lot morethan that!

I knew then that hisdefinition of privacy and mydefinition of privacy were

VERY different.

Figueroa was in the penum-

bra of fear because shewas afraid of somethingthe Google execs said theyWERENT doing -- collect-ing a comprehensive digitaldossier.

We were trying to alertpeople where technology washeading and let them partici-

pate in the conversation.

And at least give theirthumbs up or thumbs down,not just [have it] forcedon us and say, This is the

way its going to be.

And AL GORE played thenegotiator--saying that the billwould go away.*

Gore was a senior adviserto Google. He was a fellowDem, former VP...

Can you imaginegoing in? Here I am,and these two rock

stars

--

plus AL?!


6/48

Hi. Im Michael Keller, a reporterhere at Al Jazeera America.

And Im Josh Neufeld, a nonfiction cartoonist.

Were here to tellyou a story aboutprivacy you mightnot have heard

before.

Well look at how the power of peerpressure might change the nature ofprivacy.

We call it theUnravelingTheory...

As well as how some people think thatthe use of Big Data will lead to

Big Discrimination.


7/48

But before we jump into that,former state Sen. Figueroa

was just telling us whathappened with her Gmail

face-off in 2004...

Figueroa agreed to amend the bill, removingthe consent to use provision and requiringonly that Google not keep a dossier on you.

The robot HAD to self-destruct.

But even the amendedbill didnt pass theCalifornia House andthus never became law.

I didnt have the votes.It was new. I was stoppingprogress and I couldnt go

any further.

Maybe it was a good thing the billnever made it into law...It would have broken the

Internet!

The point wasnt tobreak the Internet.

Figueroa was just tryingto codify the practices that

Google claimed it

was already doing.


8/48

It was a moment when legislators could have changedhow the robots operate--to prevent a version of theInternet where advertisements read and trackeverything you do.

You mean like the Internetis now?

Exactly.

Today, much more sophisticated robots follow us around. And it feels like people have no

choice but to accept it.

And all becauseof Gmail?

What Gmail offered--on a mass scale--was

that for a benefit, peoplewould give up new kindsof personal information.

There are a couple of professors in Colorado whohave done a lot of thinking on these issues ...

Lets zip over to Boulder to

talk to them. You can explain more in thecar on the way to the airport.


9/48


10/48

Youhave?

This whole Gmail thing got me thinking --what are thetechnologies that give us privacy concerns today

but in 10 years well accept as commonplace?

Theres a cybersecurityresearcher named Dan Geer whohas a helpful way of framing things.

He calls them Yesterday, Today,and Tomorrow Questions.

A Yesterday Question would be How wouldI feel about someone using my cellphone datato generate traffic reports?

Thats a Yesterday Question, becauseGoogle Maps already does that!

A Today Question: How do you feelabout auto insurance thats pricedbased on a daily readout of your

automobiles black box?

Oh,Ive done

that!

Yeah, man, I havea kid. Every penny

counts!


11/48

Plus, Gmail offered anunprecedented ONE

GIGABYTE of storage.Before that, something like

two mp3s ate up pretty muchyour entire storage...

Oh yeah? Well, what about a TomorrowQuestion? In what calendar year will

compulsory auto insurancebe more expensive fordrivers who insist on

driving their carthemselves rather

than letting a robot

do it?

Wait, for real?That could happen?

Haventyou heard

about Googlesdriverless

car?3

If you remember when

Gmail came out, it wasa game-changer. It wasthe first interface thatgrouped replies so youcould read an email chainas a thread.

When I was younger, Ithought technology wasthe way of my generation.Changing the world was ourmandate.

Now I wonder where itever ends. When I was inhigh school, I didnt realizehow something seemingly assmall as the ideas behindkeyword advertising...

...could affect how peopleget hired, what theypay for insurance...

...or evencivil liberties.


12/48

Denver.Hey, dont roll your eyes. You could be talking

to the new mayor of the Denver Airport!Want me to check you in too?

Hold on, Igotta check in onFoursquare4...

Ha, youre joking, right? Thats what weflew out to Denver to talk about--howwhat you share about yourself doesnt

stop at you.

When a person accepts a new technology,sometimes that requires other people to

accept it too.Huh?

You mean like some kindof high-tech peer pressure?

Sort of--Ill let theexpert explain...


13/48

Scott Peppet,University ofColorado at

Boulder.

The key idea is thatonce enough people reveal theirinformation, then NOT revealing

your information becomes a stigma

--

even for those with less-than-ideal characteristics.5

Like with Foursquare.Lets say all myfriends use it. At what point do I look like

Im HIDING something if I dont use it?

Hmmm. I wonder if thecafeteria we passed

downstairs gives you adeal for checking in...

As a part of our research,weve been speaking to college

students to see how unravelingmight play out with social media...


14/48

Julia Jester,Georgetown senior.

People feel like theyNEED to have a

Facebook...

When someone has a partyand invites all their friends,you just assume everyone

has a Facebook. So youarent constantly thinking...

Oh, Keith doesnt have aFacebook. Let me remember

to invite him in real life.

Why not? Thats really weird.Why dont you at least just

HAVE one?

The market problem is that peopleare getting paid to disclose about

themselves.

Paid in this case means youre getting a discount,or some free service--like Facebook.

Oh! Or like the ProgressiveSnapshot program I signed

up for.

I put a tracker in my car for six months thatrecorded my driving habits--in exchange for up

to 30 percent off my insurance premiums.


15/48

It would take a while in amarket as big as car insurancefor the unraveling stigma to

happen.

That said, its really a Big Data questionalso. Progressive has REALLY accurate

information about these million drivers whohave signed up.

Drives: FREQUENTLYBrakes: MODERATEAssessment: LOW RISK

It can [also] learn a lot about the driverswho HAVENT signed up.

Maybe it willjust be GREAT that

we all have trackers in ourcars. But I dont think so

necessarily.

Insurancehas always

worked underthis idea ofshared risk.

Right,people at

different risklevels averageout one anoth-ers costs in

pools.

If everybodys insurance were pricedindividually, perfectly...

HIGH-RISK:$436.11/mo.

LOW-RISK:$32.56/mo.

LOW-RISK:$19.33/mo.

HIGH-RISK:$211.45/mo.

...youre kind ofeviscerating the idea of

insurance pools.

And wehavent livedin that world

before.

I thinkthats going

to be a verystrange world.


16/48

So what do you think of allthis data collection thats

going on?

Well, if you get somethingout of it, whats the problem?After all, if you dont have

anything to hide...

Im wary of thenothing to hide

argument because...

...as law professor Daniel Soloveputs it,6it makes...

...privacy

about hidingBAD things.

And the answer tothat is simple--justdont do bad

things!

So...you, Michael, dont

want people to knowwhat youre up to--evenif theres nothing unusual

about it...?

Exactly.The point is...


17/48

Whether its your car insurance companydeciding how good a driver you are...

Or an employer judging how gooda fit youll be based on yoursocial media profile...

I get it! Its like thedots on their owndont really mean

anything-- --but thenPEOPLE andcomputers

connect the dotsto write theirown stories.

And with more and more companiescollecting more and more dots, whoknows HOW theyre connecting them?


18/48

And if they come to some conclusionabout me--that I have to pay higher

credit card rates because I drive late atnight...

...and they haveSCIENCE and BIG DATA and

STATISTICS on their side--that

sounds like an argument Im notgoing to win.

And for most of us, thatdatabase includes at least ONEfact that you REALLY dontwant anyone to know.

This data gets shared amongdifferent companies. Maybe theres afact about you thats not BAD but

just personal.

Like Peppets

colleague Paul Ohmsays...

THEY get to tell the storyabout who I am.


19/48

So this has different layersto it. On the light hand its

just, Im going to put a

picture of me with agoofy face, like I canshow that I dont

take myself seriously--no big deal.

Remember our interview with danah boyd,*the social researcher at Microsoft whos been

studying how teenagers use social media?

She was talking abouthow teens hanging out onthese semi-public online

platforms often try tocontrol the story about

them.

Much likecelebrities orother public

figures try tocontrol their

images...

Exactly. One L.A. teen who boyd talked toexplained why she posts so many picturesonline--some of them quite embarrassing...

.

.

.

so SHE can caption them,define their context and framethe story, BEFORE her friendsput photos up and make theirown narrative about her.

Makessense--

I guess...

danah boyd

Im going to put up a sexualizedimage of myself in a way that I cantactually be slut-shamed, because Im

going to call MYSELF out on

that.

*danah boyd spells her name in all lower case.


20/48

Or Im going to put up stuff aboutMYSELF thats really, really cruel--so I can elicit support andfeedback.

Studies have consistentlyshown that kids care

about privacy with regardto corporations and

governments as much asadults--

--

whichis to say notvery much at

all.

When it comes to young people, theyre really clear.Theyll give up WHATEVER to be able hang out withtheir friends.

And they dont feel like theyhave any choice about any of this.

So one way to get that power back is to tryto define the story about you in apublic way. Even if you havenothing bad to hide,

giving up privacy canmean giving up powerover your life storyand competing withothers for control.


21/48

This might beaccurate, it might not. But nowyou have to defend yourself--

Foursquare says this placehas good burgers...

OK, so... looking at your publicmayorships on Foursquare,

JOSH...

Huh?

I see youre the mayor ofa few delis in ProspectHeights, and I see yourdaughters pediatrician.

In fact, most of your

mayorships are food ordoctors. I might say those twoare related.

Youvebeen to a physicaltherapist, and youenjoy Chinese food

and tacos.

But--!

Judging from your neighborhood,I might also say that youre a

GENTRIFIER.

OK, wait. On Foursquare, mywhole thing is to check in to places

no one else does.

Its easy to get amayorship that way--


22/48


23/48

Yeah. Now that I think about it, companiessure know a lot about me...

The government has tofollow rules, like the Fourth

Amendments right to privacy,etc. But companies dont.

Wait--they dont?

Nope, the Constitutiondoesnt regulate consumerbehavior. Except forcertain protected classeslike race and disability,

companies are limited only bythe terms of their privacy policies --which you did or did not read.

So if a company doesnt like your speech oryour political views, its within their power todeny you access.

That might not be veryprofitable, but its possible.

Many companies DO have strongreligious or political affiliations.8

So what CANlaws do?

Thats a good question. Willthere be another opportunity--like there was with Google back

in 04--to change how the

robots track us?


24/48


25/48

Its like how thenew mayor of

New York has thisinitiative, VisionZero?

I think its fundamentally a question ofwhat kind of a society we want.

What doyou mean?

Yeah, its his plan

to have zeropedestrian deaths.Its a great idea.

Well, what if an easy way to achieve thatwas by putting SENSORS on every car--

and on every pedestrian?

That image probably makes people uncomfortable.But maybe people hate just ONE preventable traffic

death even more.

People have to decide for themselveswhat trade-offs they want.


26/48

These experts told us abouthow California figured out onepiece of it--data breach lawsrequiring that companies notifytheir customers if certain

financial info is hacked. Now 47 states have similarlaws, and were seeing theeffects, like being notified of the

recent Targetbreach.

We spoke some more aboutthis with Scott Peppet andhis colleague Paul Ohm.

I think a large part ofmeaningful privacy reformis convincing people that

privacy is worth giving somestuff up for.

And to date,that argument is rarely

heard in D.C.

It sometimes works,though. Peppet haswritten about how theGenetic InformationNondiscrimination

Act--GINA--makesit illegal to use someonesgenetic information forcertain insurance

purposes.

Its also illegal to, say,require employees to implantTRACKING CHIPS in theirbodies.

RadioFrequency

Identification

And society penalizesdiscrimination basedon completely public orobservable traits like race.

MLK

You call these examples deadbody stories because theyshow the actual harm so

starkly.

The problem withlaws that arise

from deadbody stories,

they told us, isthey cover onlyvery narrow things--like implantablechips.

More comprehensive reformis hard to get throughCongress. So what happensis, states pass their ownpatchwork of laws, lookingto one another for workable

solutions.

It seems like were in a bigwaiting game... waiting forsomeone to get it right.


27/48

This stuffis hard. Im glad werenot lawyers. Lets head

back to New York...

?OTR:AAISAAATbNAj8j6bRfkdPyW31e8TV9ftvRjb/+reFMGethwI9ut5yay3bhiowTsb3aRxlQ3oq3F1Ofv8fXI/xpPyxQW8

tkVA2G3XHA==

Sorry. All this stuff ismaking me think I shouldstart encrypting all my

communications.

Whoa,dude.

Paranoid!

What I was saying was, do you get theimpression that some of these data-for-a-discount programs are too good to be

true?

Ive beenthinking the

same thing...

What if werenot getting a fair

trade for ourinformation?


28/48

But I find that theWIN-LOSS scenariois also a possible

alternative.

Im not saying thewin-win scenario is

necessarily unrealistic.

To help figure this out, I called Alessandro Acquisti,a professor at Carnegie Mellon who studies

these issues.

How might thesedata-for-a-

discount programsplay out?

Consider super-market loyaltycards. You go tothe grocery storeunder the idea ofgetting a discount.

He said studies have shown that thesemember prices arent any cheaper whenyou compare them to inflation --or to

prices at stores that dont have memberprograms.

If you DONT use the card youre payingMORE than inflation.

Acquisti said that when customersgive up their personal data,

companies are able to get a lotmore value from them. Value?

Money.

Ah.

Take the so-called smart grid. It promises togive consumers more power over their energyuse by reporting minute-by-minute statistics.

Acquisti said it could be that some people payless, and some people pay more...

But in aggregate, were ALL paying a littlebit more, because more surplus is beingextracted.


29/48

So what hes saying is we shouldbe skeptical of anything thatpromises cheaper prices for

EVERYONE.

I wonder how Progressive makes money offSnapshot. How can they offer up to a 30

percent discount to all theircustomers--and promise

to NEVER increaserates?

I asked Progressive those EXACTquestions...

Is thereany way that

Progressivebenefits fromSnapshot

other thanattracting

new custom-ers and having

betterretention?

After analysis of billions ofmiles in driving data, Progressive

has found that key drivingbehaviors--like miles driven,

braking and time of driving--carrymore than twice the predictivepower of traditional insurancerating variables, like a driversdemographic profile, income andthe year, make and model of

the insured vehicle.

So theyre saying the program helps themattract good drivers--and know more about

how everyone drives.

Like me--and I got only a 5percent discount!


30/48


31/48

Programs like what I discussed withAmanda--that ask for data and

reward employees for good healthbehavior--arent hypothetical.

OBAMACARE increases the incentives possible underthese programs, such as weight tracking, quittingsmoking, or health-risk assessment,9like they do atCaterpillar...

A December 2013 market analysis by researchfirm IBISWorld10said that workplace wellnessncentive programs will see strong growthand are currently worth $2.2 billion in yearlyrevenue.

I spoke with a fewother experts at

Wharton and UCLA whoexpressed doubts thatthis information will

NECESSARILY lead tolower costs.

They tookissue with the waycompanies run theseprograms or how theystructure incentives...

The main problem--the thing that throws thewhole incentive business into question--is thatit frames medical care in dollar amounts--

--which is different from what itsalways been about--better health.

When a patient comes in with a heart attack,you dont want the doctor being concernedabout the return on investment.


32/48

This is moving toward what Peppet is seeingas the next wave--that we use more and

more of these devices in our daily life.

Things like FitBit thatautomatically share data withthe parent company.

Peppet asked, Why doesit have to be that way?

He makes the comparison between thesekinds of devices and STAPLERS.

When you buy a stapler, its just a stapler. Youjust use it. It doesnt share information --about,say, how many staples you used or the text contentof the papers you bound together...

Right. I remember.Its what Peppet

calls the Internetof Things...


33/48

...or as some people are calling it, the Internetof Everything. Its going to generate all kinds of

verified data.

Till 2013, weve been basicallylimited to tracking you based onyour Web usage.

Five years from now, that will seem quaint. Becausewell be tracking you based on all this real-worldbehavior--which is so much more revealing than who

you SAY you are.

GPS: at homeNOTES: drives tochurch every Sunday

THERMOSTAT: 64o

NOTES: excessiveusage for season

ACTIVITY TRACKER:379 calories burned.NOTES: weekly goalnot met

Who you SAY youare is not really that

interesting to me.

Who you ARE,how you reallyact--THAT is

interesting.


34/48


35/48

Uh

.

.

. yeah, its 27 characters.Its really hard to typecorrectly...

Its tricky to opt out ofall this too.

Right. I asked Peppet andOhm about that.

Do you have the interviewrecording?

Yeah, let me pullthat up...

Dude, how long isyour password?

27 CHARACTERS?!For the password tomanage all your dif-ferent passwords?!

Of course. If I just use thesame password for everything,then all my data is only as safe

as the weakest links security.

OK,here we go.


36/48

Can you talk about any of the things youguys do to opt out of all this, to protect

your own privacy?

My biggest stand Iveprobably taken is Im not

on Facebook.

And Ive never turnedon location services on

my phone.

This is the one thing Im not gonna give you --even though youre still getting it. I see it asthis symbolic gesture against Google to say...

No, today is not theday to embrace my

tech overlords!

Have you seen the blue Clear lineat the airport?

So I wrote the Unraveling paper,right? But I signed up for Clear

because I travel a lot.

So Clear is acompany? Not the

TSA, not thegovernment?

This [is] not the government.This [is] a company. They have adeal with TSA that if they follow

these rules, they can let people

through the line.

And when I signed up for Clear,I get this little card.


37/48

They scan your iris, and theytake your fingerprint. Andwhen I walk up to the Clearline and I shove this in thelittle machine and I put myfinger on the thing, it verifies

instantly that its me--and I walkthrough.

So Im standing there signing up for this thing ...

OK, now Imgoing to readyour iris.

Oh, my God,this is the first

time any companyhas asked mefor an iris scan.

Im going toremember this...cause 20 years

from now...

But by necessityyoure sharing it withthe government...

Well, you know, if I read thepolicy--which I didnt--I mightknow whether they share it

with them.

Even if they dontshare it with them,it could still besubpoenaed.

This issue about subpoenas. If wewere getting divorced and I wanted toknow what you had been up to--wouldI subpoena your Fitbit data and your

Progressive Snapshot data?

Sure, allday long.


38/48

Civil rights?How so?

So now you cant get a mortgage because you didntgo to the gym enough in the last six months. Or youbraked too hard too often.

Peppet said heheard that a creditrating company wascreating a DRIVING

score that they canuse to infer yourCREDIT score.

So if they seeyoure a gooddriver, theymight say

youre a bettercredit risk.

Well,isnt thatobvious?

Exactly! Its so obvious that it seemslike a no-brainer--like why wouldnt

they already be doing that?But Peppet was saying that if you

think it through, it leads to just sucha different world from what

were used to.

So lets say someonedevelops similar correlationsbetween your FitBit dataand your credit score. People

who arent consistent aboutexercise arent that healthy. Maybethey dont repay their loans.

Thesecorrelations also bring withthem a lot of civil rights

issues...


39/48

Lets say yoursocial network--who youre

friends with, etc., their jobs,etc.--was factored into

your credit rating.

Becausepeople who

have successfulfriends aremore stable.

Isnt that asaying? Show me whoyou walk with, and Illtell you who you are?Esmeralda Santiago?

Right. But thats really

problematic. You shouldbe able to associate withwhomever you want--and notbe penalized just for knowing

someone.

What kind of society

does that look like? Anypotential new friend couldharm you if they turn

out to be anything but asure thing.

Or what ifthey record not justhow often you drive butWHERE you drive? Which

neighborhoods...

Exactly. And howmuch does the model let

you change, let you evolve?How easily can you go from

being a high-risk person to alow-risk person?

Yeah. Can somepeople make those

jumps more easily? Howis that calculation made,

anyhow? Dont we havea right to know how itsmade?

Thatsthe thing. We can seethe items in our creditreport--but we largelyDONT know the secret

formula used to producethe credit score.

Now multiply thatby a hundred--athousand!--for allthe other data outthere about you.

Maybeweve been given a

false choice betweenopting in and giving upcontrol over how that

information is

used--

--betweensharing

everythingand beingleft out.

And like databreach laws, if

theres a reasonablealternative that changesincentives for companies

to NOT use data inuncomfortable ways.

To let staplers justbe staplers.


40/48


41/48

I remember I asked a related question toPeppet...

Im wondering... as the general publicbecomes more and more aware of being

tracked and as we start to think ofourselves as data points...

How does that affectour sense of self?

As Amanda Caswell said, its thetangible BENEFIT, like getting freeaccess to Facebook orTwitter,versus...

...the intangible loss ofsomething we really cant

measure.

... like, are we living,breathing human beings --or just bits of data being

shared?


42/48


43/48

This is a lot to think about. Wanna go graba snack while we let it sink in?

Thats it, man. Im totallyfreaked out now.

Howdo you mean?

I cant believe how muchinformation Ive been

giving away all this time.What was I thinking?

What a dupe!

Well, forget it!No more Foursquare!

Facebook--done!

tinfoilhat

Im installing ad-

blocking software.Turning off cookies!

I guess I gotta get rid of this

too, right? Go back to adumb phone?


44/48

Well, yeah, that might helpa LITTLE bit...

*sigh*

Here we are. The Earthburgeris a really good one.

OK, lets see...

Wait! Are you... ARE YOUCHECKING IN ON FOURSQUARE?!

Oh yeah, you get a crazydiscount here every time

you check in!

But I thought!...


45/48


46/48

ENDNOTES1 p. 2, panel 1: The 2004 leter privacy advocaes sen o he California

Atorney General. htp://epic.org/privacy/gmail/aglr5.3.04.hml

2 p. 2, panel 3: Senaor Figueroas proposed bil, SB-1822. htp://leginfo.legislaure.ca.gov/faces/bilNavClien.xhml?bil_id=200320040SB1822&search_keyords=

3 p. 9, panel 2: Jafe, Eric. The Firs Lok a How Gogles Self-DrivingCar Handles Ciy Sres. 2014. The Atlantics CityLab. htp://w.ciylab.com/ech/2014/04/firs-lok-ho-gogles-self-driving-car-handles-ciy-sres/8977/

4 p. 10, panel 1: Foursquare has since spli ino wo aps, FoursquareandSarm, which focus on locaion reviews and sharing check-ins wih

your friends, respecively.

5 p. 11, panel 1:Pepe, Scot. Unraveling Privacy: The PersonalProspecus and he hrea of ful disclosure. 2011. NorthwesternUniversity Schol of Law. htps://w.documencloud.org/documens/1293348-unraveling-privacy-he-personal-prospecus-and.hml

6 p. 14, panel 3: Solove, Daniel. Why Privacy Maters Even if YouHave Nohing o Hide. 2011. Chronicle of Higher Education. htp://

chronicle.com/aricle/Why-Privacy-Maters-Even-if/127461/

7 p. 20, panel 4: FaceLif: A library for scraping Facebok poss bykeyword. htp://gihub.com/ajam/facelif

8 p. 21, panel 5: Zimerman, David. Chick-fil-A Increases Donaionso Ani-Gay Groups. 2013. Boston Spirit. htp://w.boson.com/lifesyle/blogs/bosonspiri/2013/03/chik-fil-a_increases_donaions.hml

9 p. 29, panel 2:Wieczner, Jen. Your Company Wans o Make YouHealhy: A lok a he pros and cons of he mos popular welnesprograms used by companies. 2013. Wal Stret Journal. htp://online.

sj.com/nes/aricles/SB10001424127887323393304578360252284151378

10 p. 29, panel 3: Corporae Welnes Services in he US: MarkeResearch Repor. 2013. IBISWorld. htp://w.ibisorld.com/indusry/corporae-elnes-services.hml


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Josh Neufeldis a nonficion

caronis living in Broklyn.

His previous works include

A.D.: New Orleans After the Deluge,

The Influencing Machine:

Broke Gladstone On the Media,

and he ongoing series The

Vagabonds. Neufeld was a 2012

2013 Knigh-Walace Felow in

Journalism a he Universiy of

Michigan. [JoshComix.com]

Michael Keleris a mulimedia

journalis a Al Jazera America

covering isues a he inersecion

of echnology and civic life.

His work has apeared in The

Washington Post, The Atlantic,

Newswek/Daily Beast, and ohers.

He graduaed from he Columbia

Universiy Graduae Schol of

Journalism in 2011 and is a research

Felow a he Tow Cener for Digial

Journalism a Columbia Universiy.

[mhkeler.com]

Al Jazera Americais a rademark ofAl Jazera America, LLC.

Terms of Service:

Understanding Our Role

in the World of Big Data.

Ocober 2014. This is a work of journalism. No porion of

his comic may be reproduced wihou writen permision,

excep for review purposes. Copyrigh 2014 Al Jazera

America, LLC and Josh Neufeld. Al righs reserved.

This is he PDF companion of he original web version:

projecs.aljazera.com/2014/erms-of-service

Go comens, order inquiries, or sories o share?

Drop us a line a [email protected].

Cover design by Michael Keler and Vaughn Walace.

Publicaion design & producion by Josh Neufeld.

Thanks: Sari Wilson, Ashley van der Grinen.

Firs prining Ocober 2014.

Published by Al Jazera America, LLC.


48/48

Terms of ServiceUndersanding Our Rolein he World of Big Daa

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