Terms to KnowTerms to Know

Capillarity= attraction of water to the Capillarity= attraction of water to the surface of rocks. Moves against gravity.surface of rocks. Moves against gravity.

Porosity= The size of the gaps between Porosity= The size of the gaps between rocksrocks

Permeability= the rate of water Permeability= the rate of water movement through the rock layersmovement through the rock layers

POROSITY/PERMEABILITYPOROSITY/PERMEABILITY

Porosity – The percentage of open spaces in a Porosity – The percentage of open spaces in a given volume of rock.given volume of rock.

Aquifer: A body of rock in which large amounts of water can flow and be stored

Zone of aeration – The zone that lies between the Zone of aeration – The zone that lies between the water table and the earth’s surface.water table and the earth’s surface.

Groundwater ZonesGroundwater Zones

Zone of saturation – The layer of the ground where Zone of saturation – The layer of the ground where all the pores are filled with water.all the pores are filled with water.

- - Water tableWater table

Capillary FringeCapillary Fringe

1,000,000,000,000,0001,000,000,000,000,000

Wells and Springs

Well – Hole that is dug to below the water table and through which groundwater is brought to the surface. Ordinary wells Artesian wells

Spring – a natural flow of groundwater to Earth’s surface in places where the ground surface dips below the water table.

WellsWells

ARTESIAN WELLSARTESIAN WELLS

CONE OF DEPRESSIONCONE OF DEPRESSION

Hot Springs and Geezers… I mean Geysers

Hot Springs – when heated groundwater (by magma) rises to the surface.

Geysers – A hot spring that periodically erupts from surface pools or small vents.

Caves- results by the breakdown of limestone due to carbonation

- Stalactite

- Stalagmite

COLUMN

http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/visualizations/es1405/es1405page01.cfm?chapter_no=14

Karst Topography

- Type of topopgraphy (limestone) that is vulnerable to chemical weathering. (caves, sinkholes, underground rivers)

SINK HOLE

Sinkhole

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ue5NrbWAp0U

KARST TOPOGRAPHY

KARST TOPOGRAPHY

Buddha Karst Preserve Buddha Karst Preserve

http://earthguide.ucsd.edu/earthguide/diagrams/groundwater/

http://www.kingcounty.gov/environment/waterandland/groundwater/education/animation.aspx

PollutantsPollutants

http://www.envirotools.org/factsheets/groundwaterflow.shtml

Long distance view of sinkholeLong distance view of sinkhole

wildlife-laden sinkhole ponds on the wildlife-laden sinkhole ponds on the preserve preserve