terr model manual

Version 8Revision A

March 2002

Terramodel® Training Guide

Designing a Roadway

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This is the March 2002 release (Revision A) of the Terramodel Training Guide, Designing a Roadway. It applies to version 10.1 of the Terramodel® software.

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This Trimble software and/or firmware product (the “Software”) is licensed and not sold. Its use is governed by the provisions of the applicable End User License Agreement (“EULA”), if any, included with the Software. In the absence of a separate EULA included with the Software providing different limited warranty terms, exclusions, and limitations, the following terms and conditions shall apply. Trimble warrants that this Trimble Software product will substantially conform to Trimble’s applicable published specifications for the Software for a period of ninety (90) days, starting from the date of delivery.

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4 Table of Contents

Designing a Roadway Trimble

Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................ 4

INTRODUCTION..................................................................................... 5

FIGURE 1 FLOWCHART FOR DESIGNING A ROADWAY EXAMPLE ..................... 7

OPEN THE PROJECT FILE........................................................................ 8

ESTABLISH THE ROADWAY HORIZONTAL ALIGNMENT (HAL) ........................ 10

Establish the PIs ........................................................................... 10 Add horizontal curves................................................................... 11 Create and Print HAL Stationing and Curve Report.......................... 12

CREATE THE EXISTING ROADWAY PROFILE .............................................. 14

CREATE THE PROPOSED VERTICAL ALIGNMENT (VAL) ............................... 16

Establish the VAL Ends................................................................. 16 REGISTER HORIZONTAL ALIGNMENT IN THE HAL MANAGER......................... 17

REGISTER VERTICAL ALIGNMENT IN THE VAL MANAGER............................. 19

LABEL THE HORIZONTAL ALIGNMENT...................................................... 20

DETERMINE CROSS-SECTION LOCATIONS ................................................. 23

CREATE THE ROAD JOB ....................................................................... 25

ESTABLISH ROADWAY DESIGN SETTINGS................................................. 27

EDIT THE VERTICAL ALIGNMENT ............................................................ 29

CREATE ROADWAY MATERIALS ............................................................. 35

PROCESSING SUBSURFACE SOILS DATA .................................................. 37

CREATE ROADWAY SURFACES FOR THE DESIGN........................................ 42

CREATE ROADWAY SHAPE CLASSES AND SHAPES ..................................... 45

Create Shape Classes ................................................................... 45 Create Shapes.............................................................................. 46

DEFINE SUPERELEVATION..................................................................... 60

CREATE TEMPLATES ........................................................................... 64

DEFINE SUBGRADES ............................................................................ 68

DEFINE TEMPLATE TRANSITIONS............................................................ 71

VIEW CROSS-SECTIONS ........................................................................ 77

GENERATE THE ROADWAY SURFACE DTM............................................... 79

CALCULATE EARTHWORK QUANTITIES .................................................... 81

PLOT CROSS-SECTIONS........................................................................ 83

READER COMMENT FORM ..................................................................... 96

Introduction 5

Terramodel Training Guide Designing a Roadway

Introduction

This example for the ROADWAY DESIGN Module will help to illustrate the basics of constructing a simple roadway project using Terramodel. We will detail each step in the process, following the flowchart shown on page 7.

This exercise is divided into several sections. If you wish to skip some of the earlier sections involving some of the more basic tasks you can do so. There are several project files shipped for this exercise. They represent several different starting points, so you can start the exercise at different places if you wish.

In the first section we’ll create the horizontal alignment, its existing ground profile, and the vertical alignment. If you are familiar with these tasks you can skip to the section entitled Register Horizontal Alignment in the HAL Manager on page 17. In that section we’ll register the horizontal and vertical alignments, label the horizontal alignment designate where cross-sections will be taken, create the road job, establish the roadway design settings, and modify the vertical alignment using the Roadway Vertical Alignment Editor. If you’re familiar with those tasks, you may wish to skip to the section entitled Create Roadway Materialson page 35. There we’ll define the roadway materials, process the soil boring data creating individual subsurface strata and other surfaces, and create the roadway shape classes and shapes. If you’re familiar with those tasks, you can skip ahead to the section entitled Define Superelevation on page 60. There we’ll establish the superelevations for the horizontal curves in the roadway alignment, create the roadway templates, define the subgrades, Define the template transitions, View the cross-sections, generate a finished roadway surface DTM, compute the earthwork quantities, and plot the finished cross-sections.

During the exercise, we’ll tell you where you can find many of the commands on the Terramodel menus. We’ll also show, in lowercase bold letters in the left margins, what you can type at the command line to call the same commands. Information that you are required to enter is indicated in a Courier font.

All files for the Terramodel Training Guide are located in the TRAINING folder on the TERRAMODEL CD. Although you can open project files directly from the folder on the CD-ROM disk, you will find it easier to work with these files if you first copy them to your hard disk.

To copy the project fi les: 1. From the Windows Explorer, open the TRIMBLE folder on your hard

disk.

2. Create a new folder named TRAINING.

3. Copy the TROAD1.PRO, TROAD2.PRO, TROAD3.PRO, TROAD4.PRO and TROAD5.PRO files from the TRAINING folder on the CD-ROM disk to the \\TRIMBLE\TRAINING folder on your hard disk.

6 Introduction


You must also have licensed the Roadway Design module.

Flowchart for Designing a Roadway Example 7


DefineSubgrades

DefineTransitions

Optional

Required

View CrossSections

Plot CrossSections

CalculateEarthworkQuantities

GenerateComposite Road

Design

Create Templates

DefineSuperelevation

Create ShapeClasses and Shapes

Create RoadwaySurfaces

Create RoadwayMaterials

Establish RoadDesign Settings Create Road Job

Determine CrossSection Locations

Register VAL inVAL Manager

Register HAL inHAL Manager

Create ProposedVertical Alignment

(VAL)

Create ExistingRoadway Profile

Label HALEstablish

HorizontalAlignment

Figure 1 Flowchart for Designing a Roadway Example

8 Open the Project File


Open the Project File

We’ll begin by opening a project file prepared especially for this exercise. It contains layers and Terramodel objects that will help toward building the roadway design.

1. From the FILE menu, select Open project.

2. Select the drive and the directory in which the Training Guide example project files are located. This is typically the directory where you’ve installed Terramodel.

3. In the File Name text box of the Open a project dialog box, enter troad1, and then click OK. Double-click the plan view icon to open it and display the project.

4. From the VIEW menu, select All.

The TROAD1 project file contains an existing road at the left side of the project, as shown in Figure 2, below. The area for the proposed road was surveyed, and we imported the data and stored it as 3-D points and sets on a layer named GROUND. We then generated the contours for this layer, which are displayed on the screen as dashed lines.

Figure 2 TROAD1 Project File

Next, save the project file under a different name. This will leave the original data unchanged, allowing this exercise to be repeated, if desired.

5. From the FILE menu, select Save project as...

6. Enter or select the desired directory and drive.

open

Open the Project File 9


7. Enter a file name, such as TROAD_TG.PRO.

Select OK to save the file.

10 Establish the Roadway Horizontal Alignment (HAL)


Establish the Roadway Horizontal Alignment (HAL)

Next, we’ll establish an alignment for the proposed road. We’ll make a new layer on which to place the alignment, but first we’ll turn off the snap status of the contours so we don’t inadvertently select them, and for now we’ll turn off their visibility as well.

1. Click the L Set command button on the Toolbar.

2. When the Layer settings dialog box opens, highlight the GROUND _EC layer, press the CTRL key and highlight the GROUND_EIC. Toggle off the visibility and snap status of both layers by unchecking the Visible and Snap check boxes in the Status section. Click OK to exit the dialog box.

Establish the PIs

1. Click the down arrow next to the Layer selection control on the tool bar to open the Layer selection dialog box. Click New to open the New layer dialog box. Enter HAL in the Name edit text control and press TAB to move the focus to the Color control. Click the down arrow to open the Color selection dialog box and select color 14 for the object color. Click OK to close the Color selection dialog box. Repeat the process for the Pt color control, selecting color 13 for the point color. Press TAB to move to the Line type control, type s to advance to the linetypes beginning with the letter s, and continue typing s until the control displays the Solid linetype.

Establish the Roadway Horizontal Alignment (HAL) 11


Figure 3 Creating the HAL Layer

2. Click OK to create the layer and exit the New layer dialog box. Click OK in the Layer selection dialog box to exit and make HAL the current layer.

Using the Pline command, we’ll construct our horizontal alignment from PI (point of intersection) to PI and add horizontal curves with the Curve command.

3. From the DRAW menu, select Pline then Line.

Figure 4 Pline Command Bar

4. In the Loc control, enter 760.1,193.6, press ENTER (or click Create), enter 480.7,595.8, press ENTER,enter 937.8,924.8, press ENTER, and enter 929.7,1243.8 and press ENTER. Click Close to exit the command.

To track the coordinates of your cursor on the screen, open the Coordinate Scroll by clicking Coordinate scroll in the WINDOW menu, checking the Visible check box, and clicking Done.

Add horizontal curves

1. From the DRAW menu, select Arc, then Curve to place curves at the PI points. In the Mode drop-down list box in the Curve command bar, select Arc to select the type of curve. Press TAB to move to the Pline:cp locate control, then pick the second PI point near coordinates 480.7, 595.8.

Figure 5 Curve Command Bar

After you select the PI, the Curve-arc parameters command bar will open.

2. From the Curve-arc parameters command bar and with the focus on the curve parameters list box, click the down arrow and pick Dc (Degree of curve) from the list of curve properties that can be used to define a circular curve. Press TAB to move to the angle control to the right, enter 16 for the degree of curvature, then click OK to place the curve. Terramodel uses the bearing of the incoming and outgoing tangents and the selected curve property to compute and place the curve.

à

curve

pline

12 Establish the Roadway Horizontal Alignment (HAL)


Figure 6 Curve-Arc Parameters Command Bar

3. Without leaving the Curve command bar and with the focus on the Pline:cp control, pick the next PI point (near coordinates 937.8, 924.8). You may also use the up and down cursor keys to select another control point on the polyline. From the Curve-arc parameters command bar and with the focus on the curve parameters control, where the Dc option should still be selected, press TAB and enter a degree of curvature of 20. Click OK to place the curve. Click Close to exit the Curve command.

The stationing for our proposed roadway alignment will begin at 0+00. For your projects, you can assign a different beginning station using the Station command on the EDIT menu (see the Edit Menu section of the On-Line Help system for information).

Next, we’ll list the stationing and curve information for the horizontal alignment to help us later in determining where our superelevations will occur.

Create and Print HAL Stationing and Curve Report

4. From the REPORTS menu, select User defined.

5. At the Reports command bar, click the down arrow next to the Report combo box, then pick Alignment to request a report for the horizontal alignment.

6. Press TAB to move to the Objs select control. Pick the HAL, then click OK to create the report. Terramodel will display the HAL information in the P3Pad editor, where you can edit or print it (for information on using the P3Pad editor, see Creating Reports in the Terramodel User’s Guide). Use the scroll bar to the right to move through the listing.

7. To print a copy of the report, select Print from the FILE menu in the report editor.

reports

Figure 7 Reports Command Bar

Establish the Roadway Horizontal Alignment (HAL) 13


8. To exit the report editor, click File, then Close.

Figure 8 Alignment Report for the Horizontal Alignment

14 Create the Existing Roadway Profile


Create the Existing Roadway Profile

Next we’ll use the Profile command to compute a vertical profile of the existing ground along our proposed roadway centerline. We’ll have Terramodel generate the ground profile as a polyline in the profile view mode by creating a vertex at each station and elevation where the HAL crosses a link line in the DTM surface.

1. From the DTM menu, choose Create Profile.

Figure 9 Profile Command Bar

2. With the focus on the HAL locate control, pick the HAL with your mouse.

3. To specify the layer in the profile view on which the VAL will be stored, click the down arrow next to the Store on layer control to open the Layer selection dialog box. We’ll create a new layer called EXIST PROFILE, so click New to open the New layer dialog box. Enter EXIST PROFILE in the Name text control, and choose color 10 for the object and point colors, and in the Line type control select the Solid linetype. Click OK to exit the New layer dialog box and OK again to exit the Layer selection dialog box selecting this new layer in the layer selection control.

4. Click Settings to open the Profile settings dialog box and establish how we want the profile created. Enter the information as shown in Figure 10.

Figure 10 Profile Settings Dialog Box

5. Click OK to exit the Profile settings dialog box, then click OK on the Profile command bar to generate the DTM profile. Terramodel will display the message “1 profile(s) stored from station 0+00.00 to 11+99.97” in the Message scroll area to verify that the profile was interpolated.

profile

Create the Existing Roadway Profile 15


6. From the WINDOW menu, pick 2 Profile:TROAD_TG to place a check by it and open the profile view.

7. We can exaggerate the vertical scale on the screen to more clearly display the relief by opening the View Settings dialog box from the SETTINGS menu, selecting 2)Profile from the View control, and entering a vertical exaggeration value of 5 in the Vertical exaggeration control. (The current horizontal scale in the profile view is 1”=50’. An exaggeration factor of 5 makes the vertical scale 1”=10’, or 5 times the horizontal scale.) Click OK to exit the dialog box. Type all at the command line, or click the All command button on the toolbar to see the change in vertical exaggeration.

8. To arrange our open plan and profile view windows side by side, select Tile vertical or Tile horizontal from the WINDOW menu. To view the entire profile, click the Profile title box, then type all at the command line.

Now let’s take a look at the existing grade along our proposed alignment.

viewset

Figure 11 Existing Road Profile

16 Create the Proposed Vertical Alignment (VAL)


Create the Proposed Vertical Alignment (VAL)

Next, we’ll create the proposed vertical alignment for the roadway, but first we’ll create a new layer on which to place it.

1. From the Toolbar, double-click the Layer selection control to open the Layer selection dialog box. Click the New command button in the Layer selection dialog box to open the New layer dialog box.

2. Enter VAL in the Name edit text control, and select color 12 for the object and point colors, and select the Solid linetype. Click OK to close the New layer dialog box, and click OK in the Layer selection dialog box to create the VAL layer and make it the current layer.

Establish the VAL Ends

At this point we’re only going to establish the starting and ending points of the vertical alignment. Typically in designing a roadway, the elevations of its end points are fixed, such as when tying to an existing roadway as we are here. A little bit later, after we’ve registered the VAL, assigned it to a roadway and assigned design criteria, we’ll use the RDValEdit command to insert the vertical curves conforming the alignment to the ground profile.

1. From the DRAW menu, select Pline then Line. We’ll snap to the beginning and end of the existing profile. In the Loc control and with your cursor in the profile view window, press your right mouse button to open the point snap menu and select End. The end point snap mode assures that you snap to the end of the selected line segment. Center the cursor on the beginning of the existing profile (near coordinates 0,268.4) and pick it with the left mouse button. Terramodel will snap to the beginning of the profile.

2. With the focus on the Loc control, press your right mouse button to again open the point snap menu and select End. Center the cursor on the right end of the existing profile (near coordinates 1199,260.3) and pick with the left mouse button to snap to the end of the profile. Click Close to exit the command.

It’s a good idea to periodically save your work. If you previously saved the TROAD1.PRO file under a new name, then from the FILE menu, select Save. If you did not, select Saveas instead and save the project under a different name so that others can re-use the TROAD1.PRO example file.

layer

pline

à

Register Horizontal Alignment in the HAL Manager 17


Register Horizontal Alignment in the HAL Manager

This is an alternate starting point for the remainder of this exercise. If you skipped the earlier section in which we created the horizontal and vertical alignments and the existing ground profile, you’ll need to open the project file entitled TROAD2.PRO. That file contains the work performed in the earlier section. For instructions on opening a project file, refer back to page 8. Be sure to save TROAD2.PRO under a new name before proceeding, so you or others can repeat this exercise later.

The HAL Manager allows you to define horizontal alignments (HALs). This process is referred to a registering a HAL. A registered HAL is not a single Terramodel object, but a collection of data including the alignment object and information associated with it. The registration process associates a HAL name with the alignment record, and can optionally assign station equations and horizontal offsets to the alignment. The HAL name assigned in the registration process is not the alignment object’s name, but a separate name given to the registered HAL. Our example has only one horizontal alignment which we’ll now add to the Hal Manager.

1. From the ROADS menu, select Alignments, and from the Alignments menu select HAL Manager.

2. From the Horizontal alignment manager dialog box, click New alignment to add a new alignment. The HorizAlign command bar will open.

3. With the focus on the HAL locate control in the HorizAlign command bar, pick the horizontal alignment in the plan view with your mouse. Type the name HAL1 in the Name edit text control.

4. Click Create to store the HAL in the Hal Manager. Your dialog box should appear as in Figure 13.

à

halmanager

Figure 12 Horiz Align Command Bar

18 Register Horizontal Alignment in the HAL Manager


Figure 13 Horizontal Alignment Manager Dialog Box

5. Click Close to close the Horizontal alignment manager dialog box.

Register Vertical Alignment in the VAL Manager 19


Register Vertical Alignment in the VAL Manager

The VAL Manager allows you to define vertical alignments (VALs). This process is referred to a registering a VAL. A registered VAL is not a single Terramodel object, but a collection of data including the vertical alignment object and information associated with it. The registration process associates a VAL name with the alignment record, and can optionally assign a vertical offset to the alignment. The VAL name assigned in the registration process is not the alignment object’s name, but a separate name given to the registered VAL. Now we’ll register the VAL.

1. From the ROADS menu, select Alignments, and from the alignments menu select VAL Manager.

2. From the Vertical alignment manager dialog box, click New to add a new alignment.

3. Bring the profile viewing mode to the front if you can’t see the vertical alignment.

4. With the focus on the VAL locate control in the VertAlign command bar, pick the design vertical alignment we created in the profile view with your mouse. Terramodel will supply a default VAL name of VAL1 in the Name edit text control, which we’ll accept.

5. Click Create to add the VAL to the VAL Manager. Your dialog box should look like Figure 15 (although the record number may be different from the one in the figure).

6. Click Close to close the Vertical alignment manager dialog box.

valmanager

Figure 14 VertAlign Command Bar

Figure 15 Vertical Alignment Manager Dialog Box

20 Label the Horizontal Alignment


Label the Horizontal Alignment

Next, we’ll label the horizontal alignment with stations and curve information, so bring the plan view mode back to the front.

1. From the ROADS menu, select Labeling and from the Labeling menu, select Label HAL.

The LabelRoadHal command differs from the LabelHal command only in that it considers station equations that may be used with registered HALs.

2. From the LabelRoadHal command bar, click Settings to open the Horizontal alignment labeling dialog box, where we can establish the type and location of our labels.

3. Click the down arrow next to the Store labels on layer layer control to open the Layer selection dialog box. Click the New button to create a new layer. In the Name edit text control of the New layer dialog box, type PLAN LABELS. Select a color of 11 for the objects (since we won’t have points on this layer, the point color isn’t important). Click OK to create the layer, and OK in the Layer selection dialog box to close it and select the new layer.

4. In the Justify minor ticks section, click Left to place the station tick marks on the left side of the alignment. Check Include ‘+00’ in label to format the station labeling with full station format. Check Label sta. on alignment to have the stations labeled along the alignment.

5. Check the Align stations from 0+00 check box to start the stationing at station 0+00.

labelroadhal

Figure 16 LabelRoadHal Command Bar

Figure 17 Horizontal Alignment Labeling Dialog Box

Label the Horizontal Alignment 21


6. Check the Label curve tables check box to create tables of curve information at each curve. Click the Arc table format button to open the Arc table format dialog box, where we’ll indicate the arc parameters that should be included in the curve table.

Figure 18 Arc Table Format Dialog Box

7. Check the Angle, Arc, and Radius check boxes to have those parameters included in the curve table. To change the order of the parameters in the table, use your mouse to drag them in the Order list box, placing the Angle parameter first, then Radius, and finally Arc. Click OK to save the configuration and close the Arc table format dialog box. Click OK to save the settings and close the Horizontal alignment labeling dialog box.

8. At the LabelRoadHal command bar, click Label to advance to another command bar to enter the beginning and ending HAL stations for labeling. Accept the default information as shown in Figure 19, and click OK to label the HAL. Your HAL should be labeled as shown in Figure 20. Click Close to exit the LabelRoadHAL command.

Figure 19 LabelRoadHal/ Label Command Bar

22 Label the Horizontal Alignment


Figure 20 Labeled HAL

Now we’ll temporarily turn off the display of the HAL labeling.

9. Click the L Set command button on the Toolbar.

10. When the Layer settings dialog box opens, highlight the PLAN LABELS layer. Toggle off the visibility status of that layer by unchecking the Visible check box in the Status section. Click OK to exit the dialog box.

Determine Cross-section Locations 23


Determine Cross-section Locations

The RDXlines command allows us the flexibility to define where cross-sections should be located, not only at an even intervals but also at selected points along our proposed roadway alignment. We’ll use it to place polylines that will indicate where cross-sections should be cut along our alignment.

1. From the Layer selection control, make the current layer XLINE.

2. From the ROADS menu, select Road design, then Road Xlines to open the RDXlines command bar. Accept the HAL1 default in the Horizontal alignment list box and click the Xline command button to open the Xlines command bar.

3. With the Type list box set to Defaults (the default setting for the Xlines command bar), enter 100 for the Left offset or width of the Xlines, and 100 for the Right offset (or accept the default values of 100).

4. Click the down arrow next to the Type control to open the drop-down list box of the Xlines options. Select the Station option.

5. Press TAB to move to the Station control, enter 20 and click Xline. Terramodel will draw a 200-feet wide Xline perpendicular to the HAL at station 0+20.

6. Click the down arrow next to the Type control to again open the drop-down list box of the Xlines options. Select the Interval option.

7. Terramodel calculates the beginning and ending stations for HAL1 and automatically inserts them as the defaults in the Begin and End station controls. Since we want cross-sections along the entire

xlines

Figure 21 Xlines Command Bar

We’ll locate the first cross-section, which should fall at the east edge of the existing road, at (approximately) station 0+20 along our proposed alignment.

Figure 22 Xlines/Station Command Bar

Figure 23 Xlines/Interval Command Bar

24 Determine Cross-section Locations


length of the HAL, we won’t change these values. We want Terramodel to interpolate cross-sections every 50 feet, so accept the default value of 50 in the Int distance control.

8. Click Xline to place the Xlines.

9. Click the down arrow next to the Type control to open the drop-down list box of the Xline options. Select the HAL Pts option.

10. Terramodel carries the beginning and ending stations over from what was specified in the Interval option. We’ll accept these stations and click Xline to place the Xlines.

11. Click Close to exit the RDXlines command. Click the plan view title bar to highlight it, then type all on the command line to view the entire alignment.

Figure 25 Road Xlines

RDXlines placed the polylines it created on layer XLINE. Terramodel assigns the name XLINE to all polylines created with the Xline command to facilitate manipulating them as a group using the Name select option. (See the “Basic Terramodel Concepts” training guide to learn about selecting objects.)

We’ll also place cross-section lines at the horizontal control points along the alignment (beginning and ending points, and curve points such as the point of curvature and point of tangency).

Figure 24 Xlines/HAL Pts Command Bar

Create the Road Job 25


Create the Road Job

The Road Job Manager lets you establish a road job. As you do, a roadway of the same name is automatically created. This is a convenience for simple roadways such as the one we’re working on, where the road job involves only one roadway. In the case of a project involving multiple roadways, perhaps such as interstate highways with frontage roads, the road job includes each of the various roadways involved in the project, such that a single design analysis will encompass them all. In such a case, the Roadway Manager will have to be used to define each of the additional roadways contained within the road job.

Since our road job involves only one roadway, the Road Job Manager will allow us to define it there, without our having to enter the Roadway Manager. In doing so, we’ll assign the horizontal and vertical alignments as components of that roadway.

1. From the ROADS menu, select Road design, then Road Job Manager to open the Road job manager dialog box. Click New to open the New road job dialog box and create a new road job.

Figure 26 New Road Job Dialog Box

2. Enter the road job information as shown in Figure 26. Press TAB to move from control to control in the dialog box.

3. The Main horiz list box already shows HAL1 as the horizontal alignment we will use. Click the down arrow next to the Vert drop down list box to open it, then select VAL1. Click OK to close the New road job dialog box.

The Main horizontal alignment is that on which the stationing of the road job will be based. In creating this road job, we’ve also by default created a roadway named troad, which employs HAL1 and VAL1 as its horizontal and vertical alignment, respectively.

roadjob

Click here to select VAL1 from the list of stored VALs

26 Create the Road Job


Figure 27 Road Manager Dialog Box

4. Your Road manager dialog box should look like Figure 27. Click Close to close it.

Establish Roadway Design Settings 27


Establish Roadway Design Settings

The Road design settings dialog box lets you control how the templates, subgrades and cross-sections will display when you view them in the Template, Subgrade and Xsection Editors. A description of each of the options in this dialog box appears in the On-Line Help system. We’ll address only the options that apply to this example project.

1. From the ROADS menu, select Settings, then Design to open the Road design settings dialog box.

Figure 28 Road Design Settings Dialog Box

2. Check the Interactive design check box to cause the Xsection Editor to display how the roadway components (existing ground, roadway template, tie slopes) are applied and projected to the ground surface.

3. Uncheck the Shade areas check box so that closed shapes are not shaded when they are displayed in the Template Editor, Subgrade Editor and the Xsection Editor. You can shade them if you wish at any time, but unshaded areas will show more detail in the captured graphics images displayed in this tutorial.

4. Check the Clip Subsurface lines check box to have any subsurface layers clipped to the template or tie slopes.

5. To have a grid displayed in the Template Editor, Subgrade Editor and Xsection editor, check the Lines check box. Checking Axis, Labels, and CL displays the grid axes, text labels and centerline in the editors.

To configure the grid interval and color, from the ROADS menu, you would select Settings, then Grid Settings. (We will not configure it in this exercise. For information about Grid Settings, see the ROADS menu in the On-Line Help system.)

6. In the Use in design calculations section, we’ll check those roadway components that we want to apply and display in the Xsection

rddesignset

28 Establish Roadway Design Settings


Editor. Check Template shapes, Subgrade shapes, Transitions, Superelevations, and Curve correction.

7. In the Attach templates to section, select the Roadway HAL/VAL radio button to use the roadway HAL as the horizontal control and the roadway VAL as the vertical control for the templates. The Skewed cross-section volume and Extrapolate surfaces check boxes need not be checked.

8. Click OK to close the dialog box and save the design settings.

Edit the Vertical Alignment 29


Edit the Vertical Alignment

Next we’ll modify the vertical alignment to make it follow the existing ground profile. We’ll do this using the RDValEdit command. This command automatically inscribes vertical curves within an alignment, based on predefined vertical alignment design criteria. First you need to bring the profile view mode to the front and maximize that window, then perform an All command.

The first step is to assign the necessary design criteria to the roadway.

1. From the ROADS menu, select Road Design, then Roadways. Click Design Criteria to open the Roadway design criteria dialog box.

Figure 29 Roadway Design Criteria Dialog Box

2. The current road job and roadway are selected by default so leave these as shown.

3. In the Design speed list box, select 35 mph. Again much of the design criteria is dependent on design speed.

4. In the Vertical profile design criteria file control enter the design criteria filename of aashto.rdc. You can use the Browse button to find it if needed. This roadway design criteria file is shipped with Terramodel establishing a default set of design criteria that is patterned after the AASHTO standards. You can easily create, modify, save and load roadway design criteria files meeting your specific needs. We’ll look at the vertical alignment geometry criteria in a moment.

rddesigncrit

30 Edit the Vertical Alignment


5. In the Functional classification list box, select Urban Minor Collector, establishing the kind of roadway we’re designing. Much of the design criteria is dependent on this classification.

6. In the Terrain list box, select a terrain type of Rolling. This affects the maximum allowable roadway grade.

7. In the Default K factor basis list box, select Stopping Absolute, indicating that we want vertical curves to be based on the absolute minimum safe stopping sight distance.

8. Accept the configuration for the Superelevation design criteria.

9. Click the Save button to assign this design criteria to the indicated roadway and close the dialog box.

10. From the ROADS menu, select Alignments, then VAL Design Criteria to open the Roadway vertical alignment design criteria dialog box.

Figure 30 Road Vertical Alignment Design Criteria Dialog Box

This dialog box shows the design criteria that is in effect, and allows you to edit that criteria as needed.

10. In the Design criteria file control, once again enter the aashto.rdc roadway design criteria filename.

11. In the Functional classification list box of the Minimum roadway grades section, select the Urban Minor Collector choice. Then click the Grade table command button to open the Maximum grades dialog box showing the maximum allowable roadway grades for that functional classification as a function of design speed and terrain type.

rdvaldescrt



Figure 31 Maximum Grades Dialog Box

12. Click the Cancel button to close the Maximum grades dialog box without changing its values from those shown above.

13. In the K factor basis list box, select Stopping Absolute, then click the K factor table command button to open the Minimum rate of curvature, K dialog box, showing the K factors required to achieve the absolute minimum safe stopping sight distance.

Figure 32 Minimum Rate of Curvature, K Dialog Box

The design criteria supports the absolute minimum safe stopping sight distance, the minimum desirable safe stopping sight distance, which is more conservative, and the minimum safe passing sight distance.

14. Click the Cancel button to close the dialog box without changing its values from those shown above.

15. In the Round grades to nearest real number control, enter a value of 0.04%. This indicates that we wish to create roadway grades than round to some multiple of 0.04%.

16. The remainder of the dialog box should contain the values as shown in Figure 30. Click the OK button to close the Roadway vertical alignment design criteria dialog box.

Now that we’ve verified that the current vertical alignment geometry design criteria is appropriate, and we’ve identified the roadway’s functional classification, design speed, etc., we’re ready to edit the

17. From the ROADS menu, select Alignments then VAL Editor to open the RDValEdit command bar.

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rdvaledit



Figure 33 Roadway Vertical Alignment Editor Command Bar

In order to assure that we do not unintentionally select the existing ground profile line, we’ll turn off the snap setting of the EXIST PROFILE layer so it can’t be selected.

18. Click the L Set command button on the toolbar to open the Layer settings dialog box.

19. Highlight the EXIST PROFILE layer and uncheck the Snap check box in the Status section, then click the OK button to close the dialog box.

20. With the focus in the VAL locate control of the RDValEdit command bar, click on the roadway vertical profile. As you do, a PVI with a vertical curve is inserted at your cursor. Go ahead and move the cursor around and watch the alignment follow.

As you move the cursor, the vertical curve length is adjusted to maintain the required K factor as necessary to accommodate the absolute minimum safe stopping sight distance. You’ll see that as the alignment approaches a straight line the curve length is relatively short, and as you raise or lower the PVI creating a more abrupt change in grade, the vertical curve lengthens. You can also see that Terramodel won’t let you drag the PVI into a position that results in a tangent grade greater than the maximum as specified in the design criteria for this particular functional classification, design speed and terrain type.

21. Now drag the PVI to a suitable location beneath the low point in the existing ground profile near station 3+66.86 and elevation 246.68, then click the left mouse button to drop the PVI there.

If you got real close to the above PVI location, the PVI will actually snap exactly there, as reported in the message area. This is because we asked Terramodel to assure that the roadway grades rounded to some even multiple of 0.04%. Therefore it took the PVI location where you clicked, computed the adjacent tangent grades, rounded them as indicated, and then recomputed the PVI location at the intersection of those rounded grades.

If your PVI did not snap to the above location, we’ll place it precisely there in a moment, even though what you’ve done is perfectly acceptable as far as the design criteria goes, and after all, the whole point of the vertical alignment editor is to allow a completely visual solution. The indication of a specific PVI location is just to assure that your alignment conforms to this tutorial and you therefore achieve the same results as indicated herein.

First let’s look at how you can reposition an existing PVI graphically. You’ve seen that when you click on a tangent segment, Terramodel inserts a new PVI. You can later move that PVI by clicking on the vertical curve segment (or the PVI itself if a vertical curve is not used).

à



21. With the focus still in the VAL control, click anywhere within the limits of the vertical curve you just placed. As you can see, you’re now dragging the vertical curve once again.

If you should accidentally click and place a PVI and vertical curve that is not intended, you can delete that PVI and curve by clicking on it to edit it, as indicated above, and then clicking on the Del. button on the command bar.

22. Now as you’re dragging the vertical curve, click the Edit command button on the RDValEdit command bar to open the Roadway vertical alignment geometry dialog box.

That dialog box allows you to numerically constrain or fully define the desired vertical curve solution. In this case we simply want to designate (Hold) the PVI station and elevation, and the K factor.

Figure 34 Roadway Vertical Alignment Geometry Dialog Box

As you are graphically dragging the PVI, the only values that are being held are the K factors, as specified in the design criteria. The Hold check boxes associated with these values are therefore already checked.

23. Check the two Hold check boxes associated with the PVI station and elevation to indicate that you wish to specify these values.

24. In the PVI Sta control, enter an exact station value of 366.86.

25. In the PVI Elev control, enter an exact elevation value of 246.68.

26. By holding enough values to fully define the curve solution, the Calculate command button has been enabled, so click this button to compute and display all of the other values. You do not have to click the Calculate button in order to place the curve. It is just there to update the other displayed values for your information.

27. Click the OK button to close the dialog box and place the PVI at the specified location.

You may sometimes need to perform a Redraw in order to clean up the graphics area.

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Now we’ll create the second PVI.

28. With the focus back in the VAL control, click on the vertical alignment’s tangent segment to the right of the vertical curve you just entered, to insert a second PVI and curve.

29. Drag this second PVI around a bit to see how it interacts with the first curve.

You should be able to notice that as you do this, the curve length of the first vertical curve changes, as does that of the second. This is because the algebraic change in grade at the first PVI is changing, and the curve length must be altered in order to maintain its existing K factor.

30. While dragging the second PVI, click the Edit command button once again to open the Roadway vertical alignment geometry dialog box.

31. Check the Hold check box associated with the % In grade control in the PVC section to indicate that you wish to specify the grade in.

32. In the % In grade control, enter a roadway grade value of 4.72%.

33. Check the Hold check box associated with the % Out grade control in the PVT section to indicate that you wish to specify the grade out.

34. In the % Out grade control, enter roadway grade value of -1.00%.

35. Click the OK button to place the PVI at the intersection of the specified grades.

36. Click the Close button to closed the RDValEdit command bar.

Figure 35 Design Vertical Profile

37. If you maximized the profile view window, you should restore it now, and bring the plan view window back to the front.

This completes the simple procedure of editing the vertical alignment. Under normal circumstances, where you’re not trying to match a predefined alignment exactly, as you were here, this process takes only a few seconds. You are encouraged to review the User’s Guide and the related on-line help topics in order to familiarize yourself with the all of the remarkable features of the Roadway Vertical Alignment Editor.

Create Roadway Materials 35


Create Roadway Materials

This is an alternate starting point for the remainder of this exercise. If you skipped the earlier sections in which we created the horizontal and vertical alignments and the existing ground profile, registered the HAL and VAL, defined the road job, established the design settings, and edited the vertical alignment, you’ll need to open the project file entitled TROAD3.PRO. That file contains the work performed in the earlier sections. For instructions on opening a project file, refer back to page 8. Be sure to save TROAD3.PRO under a new name before proceeding, so you or others can repeat this exercise later.

The next step in our roadway design is to define the types of materials from which the roadway will be constructed, such as asphalt, concrete, soil cement, etc., and the types of soil materials through which the road will be designed, such as top soil, sand, clay, rock, etc. Terramodel will use these material types to calculate roadway quantities.

1. From the ROADS menu, select Materials to open the Material manager dialog box. You’ll notice that one material type has already been created for you. Terramodel automatically creates the Fill material type when you first open this dialog box. We will create the topsoil, clayey fine sand, sandy clay and rock materials allowing Terramodel to keep track of the excavation quantities, and the concrete, soil cement and asphalt materials to account for the pavement quantities.

Figure 36 Material Manager Dialog Box

2. Click New in the Material manager dialog box to open the New material dialog box.

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materials

36 Create Roadway Materials


Figure 37 New Material Dialog Box

3. Type TOPSOIL in the Name edit text control. We’ll keep the shrinkage/swell factor at 1.00. This material will be considered unsuitable for use as fill within the road design, so we’ll check the Unsuitable check box. In the Color control, change the color in which the topsoil will be displayed to 11. Click OK to create the new material type and return to the Material manager dialog box.

An unsuitable material occurring within the limits of a road design is completely removed if it is intersected by a surface or subgrade shape in the template, or if it is located directly beneath another surface comprised of an unsuitable material, which is itself removed.

4. You’ll notice that the topsoil material type has been added to the list box containing the defined list of materials. Repeat this procedure for the following materials, each of which are to be designated as suitable for fill.

5. Click Close to exit the Material manager dialog box.

Material Shrink/Swell Color

clayey fine sand 1.0 14

sandy clay 1.0 13

rock 1.0 12

type S-1 asphalt 1.0 10

concrete 1.0 9

soil cement 1.0 2

Processing SubSurface Soils Data 37


Processing SubSurface Soils Data In addition to dealing with just the ground surface, we want to account for individual subsurface materials in the roadway design. The location of subsurface strata typically results from borehole data. We can represent these subsurface strata as surfaces, either in the form of cross-sectional data, or that of a DTM surface layer. We’ll use the latter method, employing DTM surfaces formed from the borehole locations measuring the depth to the top of each distinctive material. Our ground surface was defined as an elevation surface, i.e., the absolute elevation was defined at each of the observed points. Our subsurface DTMs will instead be defined as depth surfaces, where instead of an absolute elevation, the Z value of each point represents the total depth from the top surface to the top of the material strata.

The borehole data has been processed into ASCII points files containing the northing and easting of each borehole, and the depth to the top of the material strata being defined. One such .pts file has been prepared for each subsurface material encountered. The file named SUB_CFS.PTS establishes the depth at which the clayey fine sand materials were encountered. The SUB_SC.PTS files defines the location of sandy clays, and the SUB_ROCK.PTS file defines the depth at which rock was found. These three subsurface strata were encountered at increasing depths

We’ll import each of these files into the project file, placing the points thereby generated from each on a separate layer which will represent that depth surface.

1. From the Toolbar, double-click the Layer selection control to open the Layer selection dialog box. Click the New command button in the Layer selection dialog box to open the New layer dialog box.

2. Enter SUB CFS in the Name edit text control, and select color 13 for both the object and point colors. Click OK to close the New layer dialog box creating the SUB CFS layer, and click OK in the Layer selection dialog box to make it the current layer. When we later create the corresponding surface, it will take on the name assigned to this layer.

3. From the FILE menu, select Download Import, then ASCII pts_i to open the Points source file dialog box. Click the Browse button to open the Select points file dialog box.

layer

38 Processing SubSurface Soils Data


Figure 38 Select Points File(s) Dialog Box

4. Select the SUB_CFS.PTS file from the list box, and click Open to close the Import dialog box.

Figure 39 Points Source File Dialog Box

The Template: control displays the file that contains the format Terramodel will use for the incoming points file. To change the format file, click the Browse button next to the control to open the Select data format template file dialog box and select a new format file. The Generic Points format file uses the point number space northing space easting space elevation (depth) space descriptor format. We can use this format as a basis and change it if necessary to match the format of our incoming file.

4. Click Next to open the View file contents dialog box.



Figure 40 View File Contents Dialog Box

5. The format for, and contents of, the Sub_cfs.pts file are shown in the Contents of data file: list box. To match that format, we’ll change the format shown in the Data order: control to N E Z, then click Next.

Figure 41 Point Settings Dialog Box

6. We’ll have Terramodel place the imported data on layer SUB CFS, so open the Point layer: list box and select SUB CFS. Terramodel will automatically number the points with the next available point number as they are imported, beginning with point number 1. We won’t check the Use last description if none present check box, which assigns the most recent imported point’s descriptor to an unnamed incoming point. We also won’t limit the points we import to those that lie within a selected boundary, so don’t click the Pick boundary button. Click Next.

40 Processing SubSurface Soils Data


Figure 42 Point Descriptor Expansion Dialog Box

7. The Point descriptor expansion dialog box allows you to use numeric codes for descriptors when you are collecting points in the field. Terramodel then interprets these codes and substitutes them in the project file with more expanded descriptors. Because our incoming points don’t contain point codes for descriptors, this dialog box is not applicable. Click Next.

Figure 43 Import Summary Dialog Box

8. The Import summary dialog box displays the import settings Terramodel will use to read the points file. To make changes to any of the settings, click the Back button to return to the appropriate dialog box. We’ll keep these settings, so click Import. Terramodel will display the number of points it imported (38). Click Finish.

9. Click the L Set command button on the Toolbar to open the Layer settings dialog box.



10. Highlight the SUB CFS layer and check the Isolate check box within the Status section to isolate this layer, and Click the OK button to see just the imported points. They should follow the alignment corridor.

11. Click the L Set command button on the Toolbar once again and uncheck the Isolate check box to restore the previous layer visibility.

12. With the SUB CFS layer still highlighted toggle its visibility status off by unchecking the Visible check box in the Status section. Click OK to exit the dialog box.

The DTM layer representing the top of the clayey fine sand subsurface strata has now been created. Now you should repeat the above procedure to import the SUB_SC.PTS file, placing that data on a new layer called SUB SC using color 14 and representing the top of the sandy clay strata. Then once again import the file SUB_ROCK.PTS, to create the rock strata, placing the data on a new layer named SUB ROCK, and using color 15. The visibility of each of these new layers can be turned off. After turning off the visibility of a layer, you’ll want to avoid having it as the current layer, since that will generate warning messages, so make the DESIGN layer, the current layer.

42 Create Roadway Surfaces for the Design


Create Roadway Surfaces for the Design

A surface is a layer with roadway design attributes. These attributes help Terramodel determine how to use the layers in design. We’ll next define the surfaces in our project that will be used in the roadway design.

1. From the ROADS menu select Road design, then Road job surfaces. The Surface manager dialog box will open, containing a list of the surfaces that have been defined. We’ve already defined a Finish surface, DESIGN, on which Terramodel will store the design points that it calculates. We’ll now define the GROUND surface in which the existing ground surface points are stored.

Figure 44 Surface Manager Dialog Box

2. Make sure that the troad road job is selected in the Road job list box.

3. Click the Append command button to add a new surface to the Surface list box. The New surface dialog box will open.

Figure 45 New Surface Dialog Box

surface

Create Roadway Surfaces for the Design 43


4. Click the down arrow next to the Surface layer control to open the layer selection dialog box. Select the GROUND layer, then click OK.

5. Click the down arrow next to the Material selection control to open it. Select the TOPSOIL material type we created in a previous section of this exercise, then click OK to assign it to the GROUND layer.

6. Click the Elevation radio button to tell Terramodel that the elevations assigned to the points on this layer are absolute elevations, as opposed to depth measurements.

7. Check the Slice check box to have Terramodel compute the surface cross-section information by slicing through this DTM layer.

8. Click OK to add the GROUND surface to the list of surfaces.

Now we’ll create the SUB CFS surface in which the top of the clayey fine sand strata is defined.

9. Click the Append command button to add a new surface to the Surface list box beneath the GROUND surface. The New surface dialog box will open.

10. Click the down arrow next to the Surface layer control to open the layer selection dialog box. Select the SUB CFS layer, then click OK.

11. Click the down arrow next to the Material selection control to open it. Select the CLAYEY FINE SAND material type we created in a previous section of this exercise, then click OK to assign it to the SUB CFS layer.

12. Click the Depth radio button to tell Terramodel that the elevations assigned to the points on this layer are depth measurements, as opposed to absolute elevations.

13. Check the Slice check box to have Terramodel compute the surface cross-section information by slicing through this DTM surface.

14. Click OK to add the SUB CFS surface to the list of surfaces.

Repeat the above four steps appending the SUB SC and SUB ROCK surfaces in that order, and associating them with the SANDY CLAY and ROCK materials respectively. Indicate both as being depth surfaces, and check the Slice check box in each case. When you’ve finished the Surface manager dialog box should look as shown below.

44 Create Roadway Surfaces for the Design


Figure 46 Completed Surface Manager Dialog Box

15. Click Close to close the Surface manager dialog box.

We’ve now defined the surfaces associated with the troad road job. If our project file had included multiple road jobs, we would do this for each individual road job.

Create Roadway Shape Classes and Shapes 45


Create Roadway Shape Classes and Shapes

As part of the roadway design process, we’ll create and combine various shapes to form a roadway template. Our roadway example will include pavement, curbs, shoulders, ditches and tie slopes. Each of these shapes will be placed in a shape class that logically groups shapes of the same category. Each shape class is categorized by a general shape type, which includes the Roadbed, Shoulder, Ditch, Tie, Median, and Miscellaneous shape types. These shape types differ mainly in how the shapes tie to adjacent shapes and/or existing ground. Placing shapes in different shape classes also helps you control how cross-sections will be labeled with elevations. Once you create shape classes and shapes, they can be exported to external files and maintained in libraries from which they can be recalled and used project files and in other road jobs and roadways.

We’ll create the shoulder, curb, pavement, ditch, subgrade and tie shape classes.

Create Shape Classes

1. From the ROADS menu, select Shapes, then Shape Class Manager. There are currently no shape classes defined.

2. Our first shape class will be the shoulder, which we will associate with the Shoulder shape type. In the Shape class manager dialog box, click New to open the New shape class dialog box.

Figure 47 New Shape Class Dialog Box

3. Type shoulder in the Name edit text control in lowercase letters. Because the shape class names are case-sensitive, you can have multiple shape classes with the same name, but with different capitalization. Click the down arrow beside the Type list box to select the Shoulder shape type. Click OK to close the dialog box and create the shape class. As we create each shape class, you’ll notice a zero (0) in the # Shapes column and the type of shape in the Type column of the Shape class manager dialog box. When we create the shapes from within the Shape Editor, Terramodel will add each to the total number of shapes in the appropriate shape class.

4. Repeat the steps above for the curb, pavement, and subgrade shape classes, assigning each class the shape type of Roadbed. Create the ditch shape class with a shape type of Ditch. Then create the tie shape class, assign it to the shape type of Tie. Your Shape

shapeclass

46 Create Roadway Shape Classes and Shapes


class manager dialog box should look like Figure 48. Click Close to close the dialog box.

Figure 48 Shape Class Manager Dialog Box

Create Shapes

Figure 49 shows the basic shapes that we’ll use to create our roadway template and subgrades. Each shape is defined from left to right, creating shapes for the right half of the road. We’ll have Terramodel mirror them to the left side when we create the template. Each segment has endpoints that are numbered in the order in which they were created. These indexed endpoints are important in telling Terramodel how shapes connect to adjacent shapes and how to tie to existing ground.

Figure 49 Roadway Shapes for Example Project



Create the Pavement Template Shape 1. From the ROADS menu, select Shapes, then Shape Manager. The

six shape classes we created for the road are listed in the Class list box.

Figure 50 Shape Manager Dialog Box

2. In the Shape manager dialog box, highlight the pavement shape class in the Class list box, then click New to open the New shape dialog box.

Figure 51 Top of Pavement New Shape Dialog Box

We’re going to create a shape representing the top of a 10’ wide pavement section that slopes toward the outer edge of the roadway at a slope of -2.00%.

3. Type top of pavement in the Name edit text control. Select color 12 for the CAD color, and SOLID for the linetype.

4. Click the Cut/Fill radio button in the Properties section to have the shape applied in both cut and fill.

5. In the Side shape designed for section, click the Right radio button to indicate that the shape will be designed to be used on the right side of the road. Click OK to close the dialog box and advance to the Shape Editor.

shapeman



Figure 52 Right Half of Top of Pavement Shape

5. In the Edit data box in the Shape Editor, type 10,-2 (the default horizontal and vertical entry modes are Horiz Dist and Grade (%)). Click the Edit command button to add the segment to the segment list box. The top of pavement shape will appear in the graphics area as shown in Figure 52.

6. From the File menu, click Save to save the pavement shape and then from that same menu exit the Shape Editor.

Create the Curb and Gutter Template Shape 1. In the Shape manager dialog box, highlight the curb shape class in

the Class list box, then click New to open the New shape dialog box. Enter the information as shown in Figure 53.

Each segment is added to this segment list box. To change a segment, highlight it in this list box, then type in a new segment definition in the Edit data box.



Figure 53 Curb & Gutter New Shape Dialog Box

The concrete curb will be placed at the edge of the top of pavement shape and connect to the shoulder.

2. In the Name edit control, type 30” C & G. Select color 14 for the CAD color.

3. Click the Cut/Fill radio button to use the curb in both cut and fill. We don’t want the curb to tie to existing ground, so we’ll leave the Tie to ground check box unchecked.

4. In the Side shape designed for section, click the Right radio button to design the curb for the right side of the roadway. Click OK to advance to the Shape editor dialog box.

5. In the Edit data box, type 1.83,-2 and click Edit to add this segment to the segment list box.

6. In the Default entry modes section, click the arrow next to the Vertical default entry mode list box to open it. Select the Vert Dist option to enter the shape using vertical offsets.

7. In the Edit data box, type .17,.5 and click Edit to add this segment to the segment list box.

8. In the Edit data box, type .5,0 and click Edit, then 0,-1 and click Edit, then -.67,0 and click Edit .

9. In the Default entry modes section, click the arrow next to the Vertical default entry mode list box to open it. Select the Grade (%) option to enter the shape using percent grade.

10. In the Edit data box, type -1.83,2 and click Edit.

11. In the Edit data box, type 0,.5d and click Edit to finish the curb shape. By explicitly indicating the vertical distance mode, using the “d” code, we were able to enter a vertical distance without having to once again change the default vertical mode. You can learn about the other explicit entry codes in the On-line help system under Default Entry Modes. Your finished curb shape will appear in the graphics area of the dialog box.

12. Next, we’ll tell Terramodel how to connect the curb to the adjacent pavement and shoulder shapes, and of what material the curb and gutter will be made. Click the File menu and select the Properties option to open the Shape properties dialog box.

If you want to change a segment after you’ve added it to the segment list box, highlight the segment in the segment list box. The segment data will appear in the Edit data box. You can highlight all or a portion of the segment data in the Edit data box, type in the correct information, then click Edit.



Figure 54 Curb & Gutter Shape Properties Dialog Box

13. We will connect the inside top point of the gutter (point 1) to point 2 of the top of pavement shape (see Figure 49 for the index point numbers of the shapes). The back of the curb (point 4) will be connected to point 1 of the shoulder. In the Closed Shape section of the dialog box, make sure the Inside Pt is 1 and the Outside Pt is 4, as shown in Figure 54.

14. In the Material list box in the Closed Shape section, select Concrete as the curb material, then click OK to exit the Material Selection control, then OK again to exit the Shape properties dialog box.

15. Your curb should look like the one shown in Figure 55. From the File menu in the Shape editor, select Save to save the curb shape and from the same menu, select Exit to close the Shape Editor.



Figure 55 Curb & Gutter Template Shape

Create the Surface Course Subgrade Shape To model pavement courses and thicknesses, Terramodel uses subgrades. Our pavement section will have a 2” asphaltic concrete surface course and an 8” soil cement base course, each of which we’ll use subgrades to represent. We’ll create a shape for each of the pavement courses.

1. In the Shape manager dialog box, highlight the subgrade shape class in the Class list box, then click New to open the New shape dialog box.

Figure 56 Surface Course New Shape Dialog Box

shapeman



2. Type surface course in the Name edit text control. Select color 14 for the CAD color, and SOLID for the linetype. Click the Cut/Fill radio button in the Properties section to have the shape applied in both cut and fill.

3. In the Side shape designed for section, click the Right radio button to design the shape to be used on the right side of the road. Click OK to close the dialog box and advance to the Shape Editor.

Figure 57 Right Half of Surface Course Subgrade Shape

4. In the Edit data box in the Shape Editor, type 10,-2. Click the Edit command button to add the segment to the segment list box. The surface course shape will appear in the graphics area as shown in Figure 57.

5. From the File menu, click Save to save the surface course shape and then from that same menu exit the Shape Editor.

Create The Base Course Subgrade Shape 1. In the Shape manager dialog box, highlight the subgrade shape

class in the Class list box, then click New to open the New shape dialog box.



Figure 58 Base Course New Shape Dialog Box

2. Type base course in the Name edit text control. Select color 13 for the CAD color, and SOLID for the linetype. Click the Cut/Fill radio button in the Properties section to have the shape applied in both cut and fill.

3. Check the Tie to ground check box to have Terramodel project the base course to existing ground.

4. In the Side shape designed for section, click the Right radio button to design the shape to be used on the right side of the road. Click OK to close the dialog box and advance to the Shape Editor.

Figure 59 Right Half of Base Course Subgrade Shape



The base course will extend beyond the edges of the surface course to the back of the 30” curb and gutter. Because the outside 8” of the curb and gutter are flat, the outside 8” of the base course will also be flat.

5. In the Edit data box in the Shape Editor, type 11.83,-2. Click the Edit command button to add the segment to the segment list box.

6. In the Default entry modes section, click the arrow next to the Vertical default entry mode list box to open it. Select the Vert Dist option to enter the shape using vertical offsets.

7. In the Edit data box in the Shape Editor, type .67,0, click Edit, then type 0,10 to add the tie segment to the list box, and click Edit.

8. The base course subgrade shape will appear in the graphics area as shown in Figure 59.

9. From the File menu, click Save to save the base course subgrade shape and then from that same menu exit the Shape Editor.

Create the Shoulder Template Shape 1. Back in the Shape manager dialog box, highlight the shoulder shape

class in the Class list box, then click New to open the New shape dialog box.

Figure 60 Shoulder New Shape Dialog Box

2. Enter 10’ shoulder in the Name edit text box, and set the other parameters as shown in Figure 60. Click the Cut/Fill radio button in Properties to have the shoulder applied in both cut and fill. Click OK to advance to the Shape Editor.

3. In the Edit data, box, type 10,2 . Click the Edit command button to add the segment to the segment list box.



Figure 61 Shoulder Template Shape

4. From the File menu, select Save to save the shoulder shape and then from that same menu exit the Shape Editor.

Create the Ditch Template Shape 1. In the Shape manager dialog box, highlight the ditch shape class in

the Class list box, then click New to open the New shape dialog box.

Figure 62 Ditch New Shape Dialog Box

2. Enter 2’ flat bottom for the ditch name, and assign a color of 13. Enter the remaining information as shown in Figure 62. Since we only want ditches applied in cut situations, we’ll select Cut in the Properties section. Click OK to advance to the Shape Editor.



3. In the Shape editor dialog box, click the arrow next to the Vertical default entry mode list box to open it. Select the Vert Dist option.

4. Highlight the Edit data box, type 4,-2 and click Edit, type 2,0 and click Edit, and type 4,2 and click Edit.

5. Your ditch should look like the one shown in Figure 63. From the File menu, select Save to save the ditch shape and then from that same menu exit the Shape Editor.

Figure 63 Ditch Template Shape

Create the Cut Tie Template Shape We’ll create a shape for the cut tie slope, and another shape for the fill tie slope.

1. In the Shape manager dialog box, highlight the tie shape class in the Class list box, then click New to open the New shape dialog box.



Figure 64 Tie New Shape Dialog Box

2. Type 3:1 cut in the Name edit text control, and select color 10 for the CAD color. In the Properties section, select Cut since this shape will only be applied in cut situations. Since this shape is in the Tie type category, Terramodel automatically checks the Tie to ground check box. Click OK to close the dialog box and advance to the Shape Editor.

3. In the Shape editor, click the down arrow next to the Horizontal default entry mode list box to open it, and select Max Depth to enter the maximum depth that this tie slope will be projected. Click the down arrow next to the Vertical default entry mode list box to open it and select Ratio to enter the slope of the tie in horizontal units per vertical units.

4. Highlight the Edit data control, type 100,3 and press ENTER to set the maximum depth of this tie slope to 100 feet, and the slope to 3:1 (a positive slope value forces the slope up). Your cut tie slope should look like the one shown in Figure 65.

5. From the File menu, click Save to save the cut tie shape and then from that same menu exit the Shape Editor.



Figure 65 Cut Tie Template Shape

Create the Fill Tie Template Shape 1. In the Shape manager dialog box, with the tie shape class still

highlighted, click New to open the New shape dialog box.

Figure 66 Fill New Tie Shape

2. Type 3:1 fill in the Name edit text control, and select color 15 for the CAD color. In the Properties section, select Fill since this shape will only be applied in fill situations. Since this shape is in the Tie type category, Terramodel automatically checks the Tie to ground check box. Click OK to close the dialog box and advance to the Shape Editor.



3. In the Shape editor, click the down arrow next to the Horizontal default entry mode list box to open it, and select Max Depth to enter the maximum depth that this tie slope will be projected. Click the down arrow next to the Vertical default entry mode list box to open it and select Ratio to enter the slope of the tie in horizontal units per vertical units.

4. Highlight the Edit data control, type 100,-3 and press ENTER to set the maximum depth of this tie slope to 100 feet, and the slope to 3:1 (a negative slope value forces the slope down).Your fill tie slope should look like the one shown in Figure 67.

5. From the Shape menu, click Save to save the fill tie shape and then from that same menu exit the Shape Editor. For most situations you will use several tie slopes and let the program select the desired slope based on the maximum depth specified.

Figure 67 Fill Tie Template Shape

6. Click Close to exit the Shape manager dialog box, then save your file.

60 Define Superelevation


Define Superelevation

This is an alternate starting point for the remainder of this exercise. If you skipped the earlier sections, you’ll need to open the project file entitled TROAD4.PRO. That file contains the work performed in the earlier sections. For instructions on opening a project file, refer back to page 8. Be sure to save TROAD4.PRO under a new name before proceeding, so you or others can repeat this exercise later.

We’ll superelevate both curves in the HAL, using a full superelevation rate of 5.8% in the first curve and 6.0% in the second curve. We’ll pivot the superelevation transitions about the center of the road. In the first curve, we’ll use a superelevation runoff length (the distance from the point at which the adverse crown is removed to the point at which full superelevation is attained) of 100 feet. Our second curve superelevation will employ a runoff length of 110 feet. The transitions will be placed

according to the illustrations shown below and on the following page.

à

Figure 69 Transition Between Reverse Superelevation

Figure 68 Location of First Superelevation

Define Superelevation 61


Figure 70 Location of Second Superelevation

1. From the ROADS menu, select Road Design, then Superelevations to open the Superelevation Editor dialog box.

Figure 71 Superelevation Dialog Box

2. Terramodel automatically determines the PI points and curves along the HAL and lists them in the Super nodes list box. To define the superelevation information for the first curve along the HAL, highlight Curve #2 (i.e., the curve at PI #2) in the Super nodes list box, then click the Add command button.

Now we’ll enter the superelevation information as shown in Figure 72.

superelv

62 Define Superelevation


3. Enter the maximum superelevation rate of 5.8% and identify the normal crown cross slope of 2% by entering a -2.0. This matches the cross slope applied to the pavement shape that we created earlier.

4. In the Runoff % in curve controls, for both the In and Out cases, enter 50, placing 50% of the superelevation transition within the curve and the remaining 50% in the tangent. As you enter these values, the associated station value is computed and displayed. This is the station at which full superelevation is achieved. As opposed to entering the above percentage value, you could have entered this station value, and the percentage would have been computed.

5. In the Runoff length controls, for both the In and Out cases, enter a value of 100. The associated station values, which represent the station at which the adverse crown is removed, are computed and displayed.

Figure 72 Superelevation Parameters For First Curve

Rather than specifying the tangent runout length (the distance from the normal section to the point at which the adverse crown is removed), we’ll check the Hold Rate check box. This instructs Terramodel to apply the same rate of transition to the tangent runout that it used to accomplish the superelevation runoff.

3. As you enter the information, Terramodel computes and displays the superelevation diagram in the graphics area. Click the All command button to see the entire diagram. When you have finished

à

Define Superelevation 63


entering the superelevation information for the first curve, highlight Curve #3 in the Super nodes list box, then click Add again. Enter the superelevation parameters for the second curve, as shown in Figure 73.

Figure 73 Superelevation Parameters For Second Curve

4. Click Close to exit the Superelevation dialog box.

64 Create Templates


Create Templates

Our next step is to put the shapes together to form a template. Since each shape has intelligence, it will respond appropriately to the various design conditions.

1. From the ROADS menu, select Road Design, then Template Manager to open the Finish template manager dialog box.

Figure 74 Finish Template Manager Dialog Box

2. The Road job and Roadway list boxes display troad (they are the only road jobs and roadways we have created). If we had created other road jobs and roadways, we could select them by clicking the down arrow to open the list box.

3. Click New to open the New template dialog box and create a new template.

Figure 75 New Template Dialog Box

4. The Road job and Roadway list boxes already list the road for which the template will be used. We want this template to begin at station 0+00 on the roadway, so enter that value in the Station control.

tmanager

Create Templates 65


5. We can optionally assign a name to a template, since we’re defining the template that represents the typical section, we’ll call it Normal, so enter that name, then click OK to advance to the Template Editor.

Figure 76 Template Editor Dialog Box

6. We’ll build our template shapes working from the inside of the template (centerline of the road) toward the outside and add the tie shapes last. Notice that as we add each shape, Terramodel displays within the graphics area how it is applied in the roadway design (because we checked the Interactive design check box in the Display section of Design Settings).

7. Check the LEFT SIDE and RIGHT SIDE check boxes above the template segment list boxes to apply the shapes to both sides of the roadway.

8. Select the Pavement shape class from the Class list box. Highlight the Top of Pavement shape in the shapes list box. Click Insert to add the pavement shape to both template segment list boxes (Insert also lets you insert a shape before a highlighted shape in the template segment list box). Select the Super option from the Super list box. Terramodel automatically mirrors the shape from the right side to the left side and displays an S in the shapes list box for the pavement shapes.

66 Create Templates


9. To indicate that the pavement shape will transition, make sure both pavement shapes are highlighted in the shapes list box. Select the Transition menu, then select the Left transition menu item and click Template to indicate the left pavement shape will transition proportionally between two templates. Then in the same manner, select the Right transition menu, then click Template to cause the right pavement shape to transition between two templates. The shapes list box will display tmplt in the Trans column for the pavement shapes.

10. From the Class list box, select the curb shape class.

11. Highlight the 30” C & G in the shapes list box. Click Append to add the curb to both template segment list boxes after the pavement shape. We won’t apply superelevation to the curb, nor will it transition.

12. From the Class list box, select the shoulder shape class.

13. Highlight the 10’ shoulder shape in the shapes list box, then click Append to add it to both template segment list boxes. We won’t apply superelevation nor transitions to the shoulders of the roadway.

14. From the Class list box, select the ditch shape class.

15. Highlight the 2’ flat bottom shape, then click Append to add it to both template segment list boxes.

Assuming that you are viewing the template at station 0+00, you wont see the ditch in the graphics area. That is because we indicated that the ditch shape was only to be applied in cut. As you can see, at this station we are in a minor fill situation at the outer edge of the shoulder.

16. From the Class list box, select the tie shape class.

17. Highlight the 3:1 cut shape, then click Append to add it to both template segment list boxes. Highlight the 3:1 fill shape and click Append to add it to both template segment list boxes.

In the Define Template Transitions section later in this exercise, we will define a pavement transition from our normal 20-foot width section to a wider pavement, then back to normal. We’ll import the wide-pavement template from an external file, and transition between the two templates. Since we can define a transition between the shape components of a template, we’ll transition only the pavement shape between the two templates, as shown in the next step.

Create Templates 67


Figure 77 Design Template

18. From the Template menu, select Save to save the template definition, and from that same menu select Exit to close the Template Editor.

19. Click Close to close the Finish Template Manager dialog box.

68 Define Subgrades


Define Subgrades

To represent the pavement and base thicknesses, we’ll combine the subgrade shapes to form a subgrade template.

1. From the ROADS menu, select Road Design, then Subgrade Manager to open the Subgrade template manager dialog box.

Figure 78 Subgrade Template Manager Dialog Box

2. Click New to open the New template dialog box and create a new subgrade template.


3. We’ll begin this subgrade template at station 0+00, and name it normal, as we did the first roadway template. Click OK to advance to the Subgrade Editor.

smanager

Define Subgrades 69


Figure 80 Subgrade Editor Dialog Box

Since we’ve already defined the roadway template, and we checked the Use Templates shapes check box in Design Settings, Terramodel displays the interaction of the template with the existing ground at this station.

4. From the Class list box, select the subgrade shape class. Check the LEFT SIDE and RIGHT SIDE check boxes above the template segment list boxes to apply the shapes to both sides of the roadway.

5. Select the surface course shape in the shapes list box.

6. In the Subgrade material list box, select the TYPE S-1 ASPHALT material.

7. In the Locate by list box, select CL to indicate that the shape is located from the cross-section centerline.

8. In the Depth real number control, enter .17 as the depth of this subgrade shape. You’ll recall that we said that the surface course of asphaltic concrete was to be 2 inches thick, or 0.17 feet thick.

9. In the Offset real number control leave the default of 0.00, indicating that this shape is attached to the cross-section centerline.

10. Click Insert to add the shape to both template segment list boxes.

11. In the Super list box select Super to have superelevation applied to both sides of the subgrade section.

12. To indicate that the subgrade shape will transition, make sure both subgrade shapes are highlighted in the shapes list box, then select the Transition menu. From the Transition submenu, select the Left transition menu and click Template to indicate the left subgrade

70 Define Subgrades


shape will transition proportionally between two templates. In a similar manner, select the Right transition menu, then click Template to cause the right subgrade shape to transition between two templates. The shapes list box will display tmplt in the Trans column for the subgrade shapes. A template transition is only meaningful if another subgrade at a higher station is defined.

Note that there are many other types of transitions. To familiarize yourself with them, see the On-Line Help system.

13. Now select the base course shape in the shapes list box.

14. In the Subgrade material list box, select the SOIL CEMENT material.

15. In the Depth real number control, enter .67 as the depth of the base course.

16. Click Append to add the base course shape after the surface course.

17. Click the Super check box above the template segment list boxes to have superelevation applied to both sides of the subgrade section.

18. Repeat Step 12 for the base course shape to indicate that the base shapes will transition.

Figure 81 Subgrade Editor Dialog Box

19. From the Settings menu, select Design to open the Road design settings dialog box.

20. Check the Shade areas check box and click the OK button to shade the closed areas in the graphics display. You should see the subgrades shaded in their respective material colors. From the Subgrade menu, select Save to save the subgrade definition and from that same menu, select Exit to close the Subgrade Editor.

21. Click Close to exit the Subgrade template manager dialog box.

Define Template Transitions 71


Define Template Transitions

A transition is the alteration of a shape as we proceed along the roadway. Terramodel offers a number of powerful methods for defining such transitions. For detailed information about transitions, see the ROADS menu, Template Editor/Left & Right Transition Menus in the On-Line Help system.)

At this point, we’ll use perhaps the simplest transition, the Template transition. This simply transitions a shape between the way it is defined in one template to match a corresponding shape in the next template. We’ll transition the road to a wider 30’ pavement between stations 5+00 and 7+00, then transition back to the 20’ pavement between stations 8+00 and 9+00. Rather than create more shapes for the wide pavement and define additional templates and subgrades, we’ll import the wider pavement shapes and the wide pavement template that we’ve already stored in external files for this example. This illustrates how you can create a library of shapes and templates, and use them in any road job.

1. From the ROADS menu, select Shapes, then Shape Class manager. From the Shape class manager dialog box, then click Import...

Figure 82 Import Shape Class Dialog Box

2. Select the drive and directory where you’ve installed the training guide files.

3. From the File Name list box, highlight pavement.rsl and click Open to load the additional pavement shapes. You’ll see that the number of pavement shapes listed in the Shape class manager dialog box increased from 1 to 6 as five additional shapes were loaded from that file.

4. From the Shape class manager dialog box, click Import again. In the File Name list box, highlight subgrade.rsl and click Open to load the

shapeclass

72 Define Template Transitions


additional subgrade shapes. Click Close to close the Shape class manager dialog box.

5. From the ROADS menu, select Road Design, then Template Manager. From the Finish template manager dialog box, select Import Template...

Figure 83 Import Templates Dialog Box

6. In the Import templates dialog box, select 30pave.rtl from the template list box. Click Open to close the dialog box. Terramodel will open the New template dialog box so we can assign a beginning station and name to this template.


7. Type 700 in the Station control to have the full 30’ pavement section begin at station 7+00 (the end of the transition from the beginning template), then enter the name Widened. Click OK to close the dialog box. Note that using a HAL transition would be more efficient than a template transition, simply allowing the existing template to be widened. However, this operation was used to demonstrate importing template shapes.

8. In the Finish template manager dialog box, highlight the template at station 0+00. Click Copy to open the Copy template dialog box and copy the template definition to another template.

tmanager



Figure 85 Copy Template Dialog Box

9. In the Copy template dialog box, enter 500 in the Station control (our pavement transition will begin at station 5+00), and enter the name Normal. Click OK to close the dialog box.

10. In the Finish template manager dialog box, highlight the template at station 0+00. Click Copy to copy the 20’ pavement template definition to station 9+00 (the end of the transition back to a normal pavement section).

11. In the Copy template dialog box, enter 900 in the Station control, and enter the name Normal. Click OK to close the dialog box.

12. In the Finish template manager dialog box, with the template at station 7+00 highlighted, click Copy to copy the 30’ pavement template definition to station 8+00 (the beginning of the transition back to a normal pavement section).

13. In the Copy template dialog box, enter 800 in the Station control, and enter the name Widened. Click OK to close the dialog box. Your Finish template manager dialog box should like the one in Figure 86.

Figure 86 Finish Template Dialog Box with Transition Templates

14. Click Close to close the Finish template manager dialog box.

smanager



15. From the ROADS menu, select Road Design, then Subgrade Manager. From the Subgrade template manager dialog box, select Import Template...

Figure 87 Import Templates Dialog Box

16. In the Import templates dialog box, select 30subg.rtl from the template list box. Click OK to close the dialog box. Terramodel will open the New template dialog box so we can assign a beginning station to this template.


17. Type 700 in the Station control to have the full 30’ subgrade section begin at station 7+00 (the end of the transition from the beginning template), and enter the name Widened. Click OK to close the dialog box.



Figure 89 Copy Template Dialog Box

18. In the Subgrade template manager dialog box, highlight the template at station 0+00. Click Copy to open the Copy template dialog box and copy the template definition to another template.

19. In the Copy template dialog box, enter 500 in the Station control (our pavement transition will begin at station 5+00), and enter the template name Normal. Click OK to close the dialog box.

20. In the Subgrade template manager dialog box, highlight the template at station 0+00. Click Copy to copy the 20’ subgrade template definition to station 9+00 (the end of the transition back to a normal pavement section).

21. In the Copy template dialog box, enter 900 in the Station control, and enter the template name Normal. Click OK to close the dialog box.

22. In the Subgrade template manager dialog box, with the template at station 7+00 highlighted, click Copy to copy the 30’ subgrade template definition to station 8+00 (the beginning of the transition back to a normal pavement section).

23. In the Copy template dialog box, enter 800 in the Station control, and in the Name control, enter the name Widened. Click OK to close the dialog box. Your Subgrade template manager dialog box should look like the one in Figure 90.



Figure 90 Subgrade Template Manager Dialog Box with Transition Templates

24. Click Close to close the Subgrade template manager dialog box.

This is a good time to save your file.

View Cross-sections 77


View Cross-sections

We’ve now completed the preliminary definition of our roadway design. To view it interactively on the screen, we’ll open the Xsection Editor.

1. From the ROADS menu, select Settings, then Design to open the Roadway design settings dialog box.

2. Uncheck the Shade areas check box and click the OK button to eliminate the shading of closed areas in the graphics display of the Xsection Editor.

3. From the ROADS menu, select Road Design, then Xsection Editor.

Figure 91 Xsection Editor

4. Click the Xsection Editor’s maximize button, then select the Display menu and click the All command.

5. The Xsection Editor will display the existing ground surface and the design template for station 0+00. Note that each shape is displayed in the color we selected for it, and each subgrade is indicated by the color of its material. To advance to the next cross-section station, click the station scroll bar to the right of the position indicator button. To move back to a previous station, click on the left of the position button. Clicking on the scroll bar in this manner will advance you to the next stored station. You can advance the display in smaller intervals by clicking on the arrow buttons on the ends of the scroll bar, in which case an interpolated cross-section is displayed.

6. Using the scroll bar, take a quick look at each of the cross-sections along the alignment. You’ll note that as you get into the areas of

xsectionedt

78 View Cross-sections


deep cut, that you’ll see each of the topsoil, clayey fine sand, sandy clay, and rock subsurface strata that we defined earlier, though these are not all shown in fill. You will always find the topsoil layer, however, even in instances of fill. This is because topsoil was designated as an unsuitable material, an it is therefore to be removed prior to placing the fill.

7. Now position the displayed image at station 0+00.00 using the scroll bar.

8. Select the File menu and click the Fly thru… command to open the Fly thru timer dialog box.

9. Keep the default stations and the time interval of 1/100th of a second. This will generate a fly thru of the roadway, the speed of which will essentially depend on the processing power of your computer. You can vary the time interval to slow the action down if you wish. The fly thru feature advances the image displaying each stored cross-section. You can generate a more movie-like fly thru by simply holding down the arrow buttons on either end of the scroll bar. This advances the image in smaller increments, which depend on how long the road job is.

10. When you have finished viewing the composite road design, select the Xsection menu and click Exit.

Generate the Roadway Surface DTM 79


Generate the Roadway Surface DTM

Terramodel can build a DTM surface modeling the roadway design in the plan view. In doing so it creates 3-D road points at each cross-section node in the design and connects them with set lines to model breaks in the surface. Terramodel will plot each road component and set line connecting it in the color we specified when we created the shape.

1. From the ROADS menu, select Generate DTM.

Figure 92 RoadDtm Command Bar

2. The Road list box will display the name of the current road job, or you can select another. Press TAB to move to the Layer control, then type the letter D to advance to the layers that begin with the letter D. If the layer name in the control is not DESIGN, use the right arrow key on your keyboard to advance to the DESIGN layer.

3. Press TAB to move to the Settings command button, then press ENTER to open the Road Dtm settings dialog box.

Figure 93 Road Dtm Settings Dialog Box

4. Type TROAD in the Name edit text control. Terramodel will assign this name to any new 3-D points it creates which correspond to cross-section nodes that do not have point codes assigned. Where cross-section nodes have an assigned point code, the corresponding point will be named as such.

5. In the Surface list box, select the [Finish Design] choice. This instructs Terramodel to create the 3-D points based on the elevations of the top of the finish road surface. You can create DTM surfaces in the plan view mode from any of the ROADS surfaces.

6. In the Point code control, leave the default * wildname which instructs Terramodel to create points for every cross-section node.

roaddtm

80 Generate the Roadway Surface DTM


You can use this filter to restrict the DTM creation to cross-section nodes that match a specified point code pattern.

7. The default beginning and ending stations allow the DTM to be generated along the entire roadway, so leave these as is.

8. In the Objects to create section, the Points and breaklines radio button should be selected. This tells Terramodel to create both points and connecting breaklines, based on the related options. We’ll use the default options, but you can click the Options button if you wish, to look over the Road DTM Point ands Breakline options dialog box. Use the On-line help system for an explanation of those options.

9. Click OK to close the Road DTM settings dialog box.

10. On the RoadDTM command line, click Create to draw the road points and set lines. Your plan view window should look like Figure 94 (we have turned off the visibility of some of the layers for clarity).

Figure 94 Calculated Road Points and Set Lines

11. Click the Close button to close the RoadDTM command bar.

Calculate Earthwork Quantities 81


Calculate Earthwork Quantities

Next, we’ll have Terramodel calculate the quantities for the roadway design.

1. From the ROADS menu, select Reports, then Earthwork to open the Earthwork report dialog box. Enter the information as shown in Figure 95.

Figure 95 Earthwork Report Dialog Box

2. To generate a report from the beginning of the HAL to the end, make sure the Beg. Station and End Station controls display the stations at the beginning and end of the HAL. That is what they will display be default.

3. To have the report displayed only on screen in the report editor, in the Print to section, remove the check from File and place a check in the Screen check box.

4. We want to see the volumes for surfaces, subgrades and for closed shapes such as curbs, so check all three check boxes within the Volumes for section.

5. You can have Terramodel include consideration of shrink/swell factors in the volume reports, by checking the appropriate check boxes in the Use shrink/swell factors in volumes for section. We did not, however, define shrink swell factors when we created the materials (actually, we defined them as 1.0), so this will not affect the reported results.

6. We’ll get a brief report (by station) by selecting the Station totals radio button in the Volumes data section.

earthwrk

82 Calculate Earthwork Quantities


7. Click Report to view the earthwork report, a portion of which is shown below.

Figure 96 TROAD Earthwork Quantities

9. Close the report editor by selecting its File menu, then Close.

10. Click Close to close the Earthwork report dialog box.

Plot Cross-sections 83


Plot Cross-sections

This is an alternate starting point for the remainder of this exercise. If you skipped the earlier sections, you’ll need to open the project file entitled TROAD5.PRO. That file contains the work performed in the earlier sections. For instructions on opening a project file, refer back to page 8. Be sure to save TROAD5.PRO under a new name before proceeding, so you or others can repeat this exercise later.

You can plot cross-sections at any time during your roadway design or analysis. You can have Terramodel plot only the existing ground or include other surface cross-sections and design templates in the plot as you wish. Because we have completed the roadway design, we’ll include both the existing ground surface and subsurface layers, and the design template in the plot.

Terramodel can generate two different types of cross-section plots using the Rdx command. If you have access to the ASAP module, you can generate finished cross-section sheets as a part of your plan set by using the Planset command, and selecting a sheet type of cross-section. In doing so, Planset calls and runs the Rdx command in a manner that recognizes the plan set. If you do not have access to the Planset command, Rdx will simply draw the cross-section sheets in the sheet view, but without the standard border and title blocks, or the many other plan set management benefits offered by the ASAP module. In either case, the cross-sections are drawn within the xsect viewing mode, and dynaviews of those cross-sections are placed in the sheet viewing mode.

1. From the ROADS menu, select Plots, then Cross Sections to open the Road cross section plotting dialog box where you establish the formatting of the cross-section sheets.

à

rdx

84 Plot Cross-sections


Figure 97 Road Cross Section Plotting Dialog Box

3. Check the Select a Road Job check box. The Road job list box displays troad (it is the only road job we have created). If we had created other road jobs, we could select them by clicking the down arrow to open the list box.

4. In the Stations section, retain the default entries which will result in the creation of cross-sections over the entire length of the road job.

5. Check the Overwite ALL other XS sheets for alignment check box to indicate that any existing cross-section sheets of with the alignment associated with the selected road job will be replaced by those being created.

6. Click the Sheet properties command button to open the Cross section sheet properties dialog box where you can establish the size of the cross-section sheets and their placement within the sheet viewing mode.

Figure 98 Cross Section Sheet Properties Dialog Box



7. In the Height control enter a sheet height of 24.0 inches. In the Width control enter a sheet width of 36.0 inches.

8. Place the origin point, i.e., the lower left corner of the first sheet, at coordinates 0.0,0.0 in the sheet view by entering those coordinates in the Origin point control.

9. Designate a separation between sheets of 1.0 inch in the Separation real number control, and click the Horz radio button to indicate that the sheets are to be placed in a horizontal row, rather than a vertical column.

10. Click the OK button to close the Cross section sheet properties dialog box and return to the Road cross section plotting dialog box.

11. Now click the Column properties command button to open the Cross section column properties dialog box, where you can establish the placement of one or more columns of cross-sections on a sheet.

Figure 99 Cross Section Column Properties Dialog Box

12. In the Size section you establish the maximum dimensions of each column of cross-sections on the sheet. Enter a value of 22.0 inches in the Height control and 15.0 inches in the Width control..

13. In the Placement section, designate a Separation between columns of 1.25 inches, and designate a maximum of 2 columns per sheet.

14. Designate the placement of the lower left corner of the first column as 1.0 inch above the sheet Bottom, and 1.50 inches to the right of the Left edge.

15. Click the Axis labels button to open the Cross section column horz. axis labels dialog box where you can configure the placement and labeling of the horizontal axes on each of the cross section columns. We’ll create an axis above and below each column, with tick marks and labels at the desired intervals. These column axes will be used instead of using separate horizontal axes on each cross-section, though you can do that if you wish.



Figure 100 Cross Section Column Horz. Axis Dialog Box

16. In the Horizontal tick/label interval control, enter a value of 1.0 inch. Since we’re going to establish a horizontal scale of 1”=10’ this produces a label at every 10 feet of offset.

17. Within the Column top section, fill in the data as shown above. This indicates that an axis line is to be drawn at the top of the column, using tick marks that touch the axis and extend upward 0.10 inch. Offset labels are to be drawn at an offset of 0.15 inch above the axis, and displayed to the nearest whole foot. Select the offset lab text style in the Text style control.

18. Within the Column bottom section, fill in the data as shown above. This indicates that an axis line is to be drawn at the bottom of the column, using tick marks that touch the axis and extend downward 0.10 inch. Offset labels are to be drawn at an offset of 0.25 inch below the axis, and displayed to the nearest whole foot. The bottom label offset is greater than that specified for the top label by the text height, since the indicated text style is bottom justified. Again select the offset lab text style in the Text style control. Click OK to close the Cross section column horz. axis labels dialog box.

In this exercise we’re not going to plot cross-section grids, but you can do so if you wish by clicking on the Grids command button now, and consulting the on-line help system if you need help.

19. Click the OK button to close the Cross section column properties dialog box, and return to the Road cross section plotting dialog box.

20. Click the Xsection properties button to open the Cross section properties dialog box where you can configure the cross-sections themselves.



Figure 101 Cross Section Properties Dialog Box

21. Within the Scale section, designate both the horizontal and vertical scales as 10.0 feet per inch. In the Xsect view settings section, click Match scales to update the Xsec view setting values (Scale and V exag) to reflect the changes to the horizontal or vertical scales of the cross section display,.

22. The Minimum separation control establishes the vertical spacing between the individual cross-sections in the column. Enter a value of 1.0 inch.

23. Check the Centered radio button to indicate that the zero offset tick mark is to be centered within the column.

24. Check the Bottom to top radio button to indicate that the cross-sections are to be placed starting at the bottom of the column and proceeding upward.

25. Click the Axis labels button to open the Cross section axis labels dialog box where you can configure the placement and labeling of both vertical and horizontal axes on each of the cross sections. As indicated before, we created horizontal axes above and below each column. Individual horizontal axes will therefore not be used on each cross-section.



Figure 102 RDX/Axis Labels Dialog Box

26. In the Vertical tick/label interval control enter a value of 1.0 inch. Since we’ve established a vertical scale of 1”=10’ this produces an elevation label every 10 feet.

27. Within the Left vertical axis section, fill in the data as shown above. This indicates that an axis line is to be drawn at the left side of the cross-section, using tick marks that touch the axis and extend to the left 0.10 inch. Elevation labels are to be drawn at an offset of 0.15 inch to the left of the axis, and displayed to the nearest whole foot. Select the Lt Elev text style, which has a right/middle justification, in the Text style control.

28. Within the Right vertical axis section, fill in the data as shown above. This indicates that an axis line is to be drawn at the right side of the column, using tick marks that touch the axis and extend to the right 0.10 inch. Elevation labels are to be drawn at an offset of 0.15 inch to the right of the axis, and displayed to the nearest whole foot. Select the Rt Elev text style in the Text style control. It has a left middle justification.

29. The three check boxes within the Bottom horizontal axis section should be unchecked, since we’re labeling the horizontal axes for the column of cross-sections as a whole, rather than for each individual cross-section.

30. Click the OK button to close the Cross section axis labels dialog box, and return to the Cross section properties dialog box.

31. The Quantity label button opens the Cross section quantity reports dialog box allowing you to produce labels within each individual cross-section identifying the materials quantities associated with that



cross-section. We won’t do that in this exercise, but you can explore this feature, referring to the on-line help system as needed.

32. Click the Roadway labels button to open the Define cross section labels dialog box, where you can designate the way in which certain shapes within the cross-section are labeled.

Figure 103 Define Cross Section Labels Dialog Box

33. Click Add to add labeling instructions for a particular shape class. This opens the Add a shape class label dialog box.

Figure 104 Add a Shape Class Label Dialog Box

34. In the Class name list box, select the pavement shape class. Click OK place the pavement shape class name in the Define cross section labels dialog box. This indicates that all shapes within a cross-section that are members of that shape class will be labeled in some manner. Now highlight the pavement entry in the list box, and click the Edit button to open the Cross-section define shape label dialog box where we will define the labels to be placed on shapes of the pavement shape class.

First we’re going to designate that the centerline elevation of the roadway be labeled using a callout tag.



35. Click the Callout tags button to open the Cross section callout definition dialog box where we’ll create a callout tag to label the elevation of the centerline of the roadway.

Figure 105 RDX/ Callout Definition Dialog Box

36. The Tag combo box lets you select the name of an existing callout tag for editing, or to designate a new callout tag name. We’re going to create a callout tag which we’ll name cl to label the centerline elevation. In the Tag combo box, enter cl.

37. Click the down arrow next to the Layer control in the Callout text fields section to open the Layer selection dialog box. Click New to create a new layer. Create a layer named CALLOUT, and assign object and point colors of 15. We’ll draw the label in the tmodelf style, and begin it at .20 inches above the centerline point in each cross-section (offset 0,0.20). Labels created with callout tags are always rotated 90° from horizontal.

38. In the Template edit text control, type Elev=\FELEV\. This will cause Terramodel to label the phrase “Elev=xx.xx” where the x’s display the finish elevation of the pavement centerline at each cross-section. The “Elev=” term is a literal text component. The \FELEV\” term is a code that is replaced by the finished elevation

value in forming the label. See the section entitled Cross-section Callout Definition Dialog Box in the on-line help system for the Rdx command, for information on the other available codes.

39. In the Draw leader section, click the Yes radio button to draw a leader line from the shape to the label. Select CALLOUT for the leader line layer. We’ll draw a 0.15 inch long leader line by entering a Begin offset of 0.0 and an End offset of 0.15. Click Save to save the configuration, then click Close to close the Cross section callout definition dialog box.



Figure 106 Cross section define shape label Dialog Box

40. In the Point label callout tags section of the Cross section define shape label dialog box, click the down arrow next to the Inside edge control to open it and select the cl callout tag that you just created as that which Terramodel will use to label the crown of the pavement with the finish ground elevation. The label is placed at the inside edge of the pavement shape, which is the centerline of the roadway.

Now we’re also going to designate that the pavement cross-slope be labeled. We’ll define a slope tag intended to label cross-slopes to do this. That slope tag will also be used to label the shoulder cross-slope. While we’re doing that we’ll go ahead an define a side-slope tag to be used to label the ditch and tie side slopes.

41. In the Cross section define shape dialog box, click Slope tags to open the Slope label definition dialog box where we’ll create the cross and side slope tags specifying the manner in which the related features will be labeled.

Figure 107 RDX/ Slope Label Definition Dialog Box

42. The Tag combo box lets you select the name of an existing slope tag for editing, or to designate a new slope tag name. We’re going to create a slope tag which we’ll name cross. In the Tag combo box, enter cross.

43. Click the down arrow next to the Label layer control to open the Layer selection dialog box. Select CALLOUT for the layer on which the cross slope label will be drawn. Select road lab from the Text style control as the text style in which the cross slope label will be



drawn. In the Offset distance real number control, type 0.1 as the distance between the label and the pavement line.

44. In the Label Format section, click the Percent slope radio button to have Terramodel label the cross-slope in units of percent slope, i.e., (rise/run)x100.

45. In the Maximum labeled slope real number control, type 7 as the maximum percent slope that Terramodel will label using the “cross” callout tag. This prevents Terramodel from labeling extremely steep cross slopes which are not intended to be labeled in that manner.

46. In the Template edit text control, type \SLOPE\%. This will allow Terramodel to label the cross slope followed by a percent sign (%). Currently, “\SLOPE\” is the only supported slope label definition code.

47. Click Save to save the “cross” slope callout tag configuration.

48. In the Tag combo box, enter side to create a new slope tag of that name.

49. Click the down arrow next to the Label layer control to open the layer selection dialog box. Select CALLOUT for the layer on which the ditch side slope labels will be drawn. Select road lab from the Text style control as the text style in which the cross slope label will be drawn. In the Offset distance real number control, type 0.1 as the distance between the label and the ditch line.

50. In the Label format section, click the Slope ratio (run:rise) radio button to have Terramodel label the side slopes in ratios of horizontal units to vertical units.

51. In the Maximum label real number control, type 1 as the maximum slope that Terramodel will label for the “side” callout tag, i.e. a 1:1 side slope is the steepest that will be labeled.

52. In the Template edit text control, type \SLOPE\. This will cause Terramodel to label the side slope ratio alone.

53. Click Save to save the “side” slope callout tag configuration. Click Close to close the Slope label definition dialog box.

54. For the pavement shape class, select the cross slope tag from the Slope label tag control. This is the slope tag Terramodel will use to label the cross slope of the pavement shape. Now click OK to close the Cross section define shape label dialog box.

55. In the Define cross section Labels dialog box, click Add to create a label definition for the ditch shape class. In the Add a shape class dialog box, select ditch and click OK to place the ditch shape class name in the Define cross section labels dialog box. Then highlight the ditch name, and click the Edit button to open the Cross section define shape label dialog box where we’ll select the slope tag for the ditch shape class.

56. Select the side slope tag in the Slope label tag control. This is the slope tag that Terramodel will use to label the side slopes of the ditch shape. Now click OK to close the dialog box.



57. In the Define cross section Labels dialog box, click Add to add an entry for the tie shape class. In the Add a shape class dialog box, select tie and click OK to place the tie shape class name in the Define cross section labels dialog box. Then with that name highlighted, click the Edit button to open the Cross-section define shape label dialog box where we will select the slope tag for the tie shape class.

58. Select the side slope tag in the Slope label tag control. This is once again the slope tag that Terramodel will use to label the side slopes of a shape, as is appropriate for roadway ties. Now click OK to close the dialog box.

59. In the Define cross section Labels dialog box, once last time click Add to add a callout tag for the shoulder shape class. In the Add a shape class dialog box, select shoulder and click OK to place the shoulder shape class name in the Define cross section labels dialog box. Then with that name highlighted, click the Edit button to open the Cross-section define shape label dialog box where we will create a callout tag for the shoulder shape class.

60. Select the cross slope tag in the Slope label tag control, thereby indicating that the cross-slope of the shoulder is to be labeled.

61. Click OK to close the Cross section define shape label dialog box. Your Define cross section labels dialog box should contain the entries “ditch”, “pavement”, “shoulder” and “tie” as shown in Figure 108.

Figure 108 Define Cross Section Labels Dialog Box

62. Click OK to close the Define cross section labels dialog box.

63. Now Click the Station label button to open the Cross section station label dialog box where we’ll format the labeling of the station of each cross-section.



Figure 109 Cross Section Station Label Dialog Box

64. Click the Center line radio button to have Terramodel place the station label relative to the cross-section centerline.

65. In the Text style control select the tmodelf text style.

66. Specify that the label be placed with a Horizontal offset of -0.50 and a Vertical offset of -0.20.

67. In the Template control enter STA \STA\, instructing Terramodel to precede the station value with the literal term “STA ”, then click the OK button to close that dialog box.

68. Click OK to close the Cross section properties dialog box.

69. Now back in the Road cross section plotting dialog box, click Create to plot the cross-sections and close that dialog box. As each cross-section plots, Terramodel notifies you in the Message scroll.

70. Let’s open the sheet view so we can look at the sections. From the WINDOW menu, click 3 TROAD: Sheet to open the sheet view. If necessary, maximize the view by clicking the maximize button in the upper right corner of the window. Click All to view all of the cross sections.



Figure 110 Sample Cross Section Plot

This completes this exercise.

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