Terraikon

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Terraikon- you and our world -

A. Marcus J. Robbins 2008

[email protected]

A model of how we connectand a tool to help make connexions
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]

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Terraikon index page

Setting the framework

Understanding the basics

Relating to the real worldEncompassing other ideas

Unfolding its parts

Integrating the resources

Terraikon - summarised so far

Scale level and time

Levels of use

Visualising balanceDigging deeper

Natural resource components

Human resource components

Produced resource componentsTerraikon in practice

Watershed management

Tree seed provision

Climate change

The DFID Livelihoods Approach

Issue - action cycle

Making a Living

Int. Development Targets (IDTs)

Click on this iconon any page toreturn to thisindex page

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Terraikon

YET ANOTHER CONCEPT?

Not really its a way of integrating many existing ideas

about people, the world we live in, and how we develop. There are four main aims:

to show how you and other people connect

to visualise all resources and how they interact to provide a framework for understanding issues and

devising solutions

to do all this clearly and simply (but not too simply!) First some text to set the scene

then the graphics to visualise it...


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Terraikon setting the framework

WHO ARE PEOPLE? The Terraikon model starts with you at the centre. Development of the world should be carried out

by people for people people first!Your role in doing this is critical. If we want an Earth (terra)that will support us,

then we must first understand

how we behave and what we believe. The companion Octaikon model

that represents you, body and soul,provides the framework for this.This is explained on the website:www.octaikon.co.ukin particular, see the link toOkki Stuff educational resources.

http://www.octaikon.co.uk/http://www.octaikon.co.uk/

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WHAT ARE RESOURCES?The Terraikonmodel views the world

as made up of resourcesHere are some definitionsof what resources are,all relevant to the model:

Means of supplying a want (or need) Stock (or asset) that can be drawn upon

Countrys collective means of support

Possibility of aid Skill in devising expedients

Practical ingenuity


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TYPES OF RESOURCE Materialresources can be grouped into three types

Natural resources:everything in nature, but excluding people

Human resources:people - the whole human population

Produced resources:everything that people make / manufacture /produce from nature

and there are also spiritualresources The realm of faith and religions -spiritual phenomena.

Many people would say that that the whole world isboth material and spiritual, especially ourselves.


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RESOURCE INTERACTIONSInteractions between and within all resources are complex.In the case of material resources, remember that Resources are dynamic

and always changing Each type of resource

has internal functionsandprocesses Resources exertpressureon each other,eliciting a responseand changes in their state.

Resources provide inputs/outputs

(goods and services) to other resources.We must understand how these interactions work

if we are to manage resources and keep them in balance.

And now for the graphics A. Marcus J. Robbins 2008

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Terraikon understanding the basics

Visualising your world at its simplest.

YOUR OUTER WORLD

HAS THREEBASIC COMPONENTS:

NATURE

OTHER PEOPLE

WHAT WE MAKE OF IT

At the centre isyou body and soul,representedby the Octaikon

AND THERE IS ALSO ASPIRITUAL DIMENSION


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2

3

4

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HUMAN

RESOURCES

NATURAL

RESOURCES

PRODUCED

RESOURCES

BENEFITS,

GOODS &

SERVICES,

INPUTS &

OUTPUTS

PRESSURES &RESPONSES

INTERNAL

FUNCTIONS &

PROCESSES

Terraikon - understanding complexity

Visualising resource types and interactionsYOU

SPIRITUAL

RESOURCES


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HUMAN

RESOURCES

NATURAL

RESOURCES

PRODUCED

RESOURCES

BENEFITS,GOODS &

SERVICES,

INPUTS &

OUTPUTS

PRESSURES &

RESPONSES

INTERNAL

FUNCTIONS &

PROCESSES

Terraikon visualising dynamics

Interactions are complex changing and evolving.

YOU

We and our resources need wise care to keep us ticking like clockwork!

SPIRITUAL

RESOURCES


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Terraikon relating to the real world

How people interface with the worldThis is the most complex aspect of the model!

The interface of the Octaikon model of a personwith the Terraikon model of the world

needs some explanation. Each of our four main faculties interrelate equally

with the three material resources.We observe, interpret, express and actin relation to our natural, social and economic environments.

To understand these connexions, see: www.octaikon.co.uk

http://www.octaikon.co.uk/http://www.octaikon.co.uk/

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Connecting with other concepts

We now look at

how the connexionsbetween these resourcescan be conceptualised

in different ways


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Ways in which the resources overlapHere are some terms to describe how the resources are combined.

Holisticapproaches


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Terraikon relating to the real worldIn reality there are no clear-cut boundaries

The three typesoverlap and merge

and they can form acomplex matrix

Sometimes it is not easy to distinguish between material resources.

and it is even more difficult

to imagine different patternsof spiritual resources! A. Marcus J. Robbins 2008

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Imagining an aerial viewIf we could colour-code our material resources, they might look like this.


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What we really seeNatural resources and what we make of them can be seen from the air.


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Terraikon encompassing other ideas

Three concepts used in developmentThree pillars of sustainability

ENVIRONMENTAL

SOCIAL ECONOMIC

SUSTAINABILITYSUSTAINABILITY

SUSTAINABILITY SUSTAINABILITY(also instititutional and political)

NATURAL ASSETS

PHYSICAL and

FINANCIALASSETS

HUMAN andSOCIAL

ASSETSGREEN ENVIRONMENT

BUILT or BROWN

ENVIRONMENT

Five livelihood capital assetsClick here for details of this concept

Two environments


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The Making a Livingmodel(Robbins)

This model is similar to the Livelihoods Approach, but usesthe Terraikon resources and components more closely.

It divides the way we make a living into four components: the resources available for making a living the way of making a living the situation in which a living is made

the standard of living achieved

Click here for more details

? A. Marcus J. Robbins 2008

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Encyclopaedia of Life Support Systems (1)Natural, human and built systems compared

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Encyclopaedia of Life Support Systems (2)Social, economic, institutional and environmental dimensions compared

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Terraikon unfolding its parts.

A classification of resources

Now we look

at how theTerraikon is used toclassify

the resource types


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A classification of natural resources

Extra-terrestrial

Nature can be classified by location and system

Atmospheric

Surficial Biological

Aquatic

Geological

Edaphic

Other?


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A classification of human resources

Individual

People can be classified into broad groups

SOCIAL GROUPS

Family

Community

Ethnic Cultural

Organisational

National Global

Other?


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A classification of produced resources

Structural

Products can be classified by function or purpose

N

0 10

Infrastructural Consumable

Financial

Technological Technical

Planning

InformationalClick here to see issue/action cycle Artistic

Other?


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What on earth are spiritual resources?

Spiritual forces (good and evil)

Divine intervention (miracles), telekinesis

Conscience (moral law), intuition Prayer (intercession), telepathy

Life after death, reincarnation

Others?

In the Terraikon, the spiritual or supernatural dimension isrepresented by the grid.

Real (not imagined) resources or powers could be:

NOMA: Non-OverlappingMagisteriais the concept that science and religion mustbe kept separate but many people would say

you cannot keep them separate. A. Marcus J. Robbins 2008

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Terraikon integrating the resources.

Dynamics of spiritual resourcesThe grid shows thatspiritual resources

are thought of as beingpresent everywhere,connecting everything

and everybody.There are

causes and effects

within and betweenpeople, nature and things,

in ways that we canonly begin to understand.

Religious beliefsprovide the detailsof how this all works

(or doesnt!)


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Spiritual resources forming religions

Indigenous religions

Zoroastrian

Hindu

Judaism

Buddhism

Christianity Orthodox

Catholic

Protestant

Islam Sunni Shia

Mormon New Age

Atheism Others?

A religion or faith can be defined as:a system of attitudes, beliefs, and practices

usually relating to supernatural or superhuman beings or forcesthat transcend the everyday material world.

There are many ways of classifying religions or faiths...


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Material resources forming sectors

Agricultural

There are many ways combining resources and classifying sectors

Forestry Fisheries

Livestock

Mining Rural

Urban

Wilderness

Others?


T ik s is d s f

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Terraikon - summarised so far.

Resource types

and sectors.

The animatedversion of this

diagram showshow all sectors

can includemany different

types of

resource

Click once to

unfold

automatically

Click again to

reveal all


Terraikon

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Terraikonin the cosmic context.

RESOURCES:

SCALEDIMENSIONand TIME

Click once to

unfold

automatically

Click again to

reveal all

Our actions at local level can have causes and

effects at many other scales, dimensions and time


Terraikon levels of use

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Terraikon levels of useRESOURCE SCALE

at differentLOCAL LEVELS

Resource use can onlybe balanced bylooking at all locallevels

Click once to

unfold

automatically

Click again to

reveal all


Terraikon visualising balance

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The Terraikon can be used in different ways to show balance of resources,(varying angle, radius, or proportion). The method used will depend on the

units measured, and on what type of balance is to be visualised.Here are some possible ways of doing this:

Terraikon visualising balance.

Ways to represent balance of resources (1)



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The Terraikon can be used to illustrate unbalanced and balanced dynamics.Here is one way. Maybe spiritual resources help to achieve a balance?





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FIELD / LOCAL

REGIONAL

GLOBAL

COUNTRY

Global balance depends on how resource uses add up at lower levels



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TIME



Permanent

AgricultureAgroforestryForest fallowshifting

cultivation

LoggedforestPristine

forest

Balance changes over time. Here is an example of how the modelcan be used to represent possible changes in proportions of: natural forest cover (reducing),population (increasing) forest products (increasing)

Click once to

unfold

automatically

Click again to

reveal all


Terraikon digging deeper

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Terraikon digging deeper.

RESOURCE COMPONENT PARTS

Now we lookat one

material resourceand dig (or swim)

a bit deeper!



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gg g p

RESOURCE COMPONENT PARTSThese include the dynamic elements already introduced

TYPES or SYSTEMS

PROCESSES

BENEFITS (GOODS/SERVICES)

STATE (ATTRIBUTES or QUALITIES)

PRESSURES AND RESPONSES

KNOWLEDGE BASES

the following slides give some examples forAquatic Resources



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gg g p

Aquatic resources

TYPES OR SYSTEMS

Ocean Lake

River Atmospheric Subsurface



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gg g p .

Aquatic resourcesPROCESSES

Nutrient cycle (part) Hydrological cycle (part) Carbon cycle (part) Ocean currents

Direction Rate

Temperature



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Aquatic resourcesGOODS/SERVICES

(or BENEFITS)

Raw material Potable water

Cooking medium Cleaning agent Transport medium

Reaction medium Marine habitat Freshwater habitat

Nutrient provision Structural element

Energy source Tidal Wave

Gravity Temperature Hydrogen



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Aquatic resourcesSTATES(ATTRIBUTES or QUALITIES)

Quality

Quantity

Movement

State

Temperature



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gg g pAquatic resources - water quality

PRESSURES AND RESPONSESOPPORTUNITES

Water quality

Opportunities Purity maintenance

Water treatment

Problems

Contamination

CausesFertiliser use

Effluent discharge

Effects

Human illnesses

Unpotable water

Aquatic habitat degradation

Algal blooms

Turbidity

Causes

Soil erosion

Shore erosion

Dredging

Effects


Fish debilitation

Species change

Unpotable water

Siltation

Hypersalinity

CausesIrrigation run-off

Seawater infiltration

Effects

Unpotable water




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Aquatic resourcesKNOWLEDGE BASES

Hydrology

Hydrodynamics

Meteorology

Physics

Chemistry Others



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RESOURCE COMPONENT PARTS

The following tables summarise thecomponent parts and characteristics for allthree material resources.


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Terraikon in practice

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Terraikon in practice.

USING THE TERRAIKONThe following slides give examples of how

the Terraikon can be usedto analyse and classify resource dynamicsand possible sources of imbalance for:

Watersheds Seed provision

Climate change

Note: in these examples, no attempt has been made to includean individuals response (the centre Octaikon),nor spiritual resources (the all-pervading grid) Its complex enough!


MO

UNTAIN LAND

FOREST

Terraikon- in practice

KEY

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WILDLIFE

WATER

DAMAGE

POLLUTION

DEGRADATION

OVER-HARVEST

HYDRO-DAMS

ROADS

INFRASTRUCTUREEQUIPMENT

TECHNIQUES

MONEY

CLIMATE CYCLE

HYDROLOGICAL CYCLEEROSIVE PROCESSES

ECOSYSTEM PROCESSES

LANDSCAPE BUILDING

ACCIDENTBREAKDOWN

EXPENSE

WASTE

POLLUTION

PIPED WATER

FOREST PRODUCTSINCOME, INFORMATION

LABOUR PROVISION

REPAIR & MAINTENANCERESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT

MISUSENEGLECT

LACK OF MAINTENANCE

MISMANAGEMENT

LACK OF UPGRADING

LANDSLIDE

FLOODING

OTHER HAZARDS

PHYSICAL BARRIER

DEFORESTATION

OVER-USE

NEGLECT

IGNORANCE

LOCAL COMMUNITIES

DOWNSTREAM VILLAGES

HUNTERS / FARMERSFOREST DEPARTMENT

AGRICULTURAL DEPT.

WATER AUTHORITY

TOURISTS

SPRING WATER

EQUABLE CLIMATEFARMING LAND

FUELWOOD

PROTECTION

OBSERVATION

DIRECT CARE

SILVICULTURE

REFORESTATION

EROSION CONTROL

WATER

LAND

RAW MATERIALS

GOVERNANCE

MANAGEMENT

ADMINISTRATION

REGULATION

COMMUNICATION

FINANCING

HYDRO-ELECTRICITY

GENERATIONWATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS

PRODUCT

MANUFACTURING

ECONOMIC

PROCESSES

LANDSLIDE

SILTATION

FLOODING

SCARCITY

OF G&S

in practiceRESOURCE

DYNAMICS FORWATERSHEDMANAGEMENTSome examples

WELL-BEING

KNOWLEDGE

SKILLS

SECURITY

HEALTH

WEALTH

RELATIONS

LAND STABILITYFOREST QUALITY

WATER QUALITY

WATER MOVEMENT

AIR MOISTURE

EFFICIENCY

QUALITY

QUANTITY

PRODUCTIVITY

SUSTAINABILITY

NATURAL

HUMAN

PRODUCED

INPUTS

OUTPUTS

GOODS &

SERVICES

PROCESSES /

FUNCTIONS

PRESSURES

RESPONSES

STATE

RESOURCE

COMPONENTS

RESOURCES


CLIMATE, LAND,

TREES, SPECIES

PROVENANCES


KEY

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ANIMALS

GENES

DAMAGE

POLLUTION

DEGRADATION

ADULTERATION

MATERIALS

SEED

CUTTINGSEQUIPMENT

TECHNIQUES

MONEY

GROWTH

PHOTOSYNTHESISRESPIRATION

REPRODUCTION

EVOLUTION

ACCIDENTBREAKDOWN

EXPENSE

WASTE

ILL HEALTH

PLANTING MATERIAL

TOOLS & EQUIPMENTFINANCE, DATA

RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT

REPAIR & MAINTENANCEOPERATION

MISHANDLINGNEGLECT

MISAPPLICATION

IGNORANCE

BIOPIRACY

INACCESSIBLITY

EXTINCTION

LACK OF OPTIONS

FROZEN ASSETS

DISEASE

DEGRADATION

DEFORESTATION

NEGLECT

IGNORANCE

FARMERS

POLITICIANS

SUPPLIERSCERTIFIERS

RESEARCHERS

FORESTERS

CONSUMERS

SEED

GOODSSERVICES

DATA

CONSERVATION

SILVICULTURE

RESEARCH

PLANTED TREES

SOWED SEEDS

FERTLISER PESTICIDE

GERMPLASM

GENOTYPESDIVERSITY

DATA

GOVERNANCE

MANAGEMENT

ADMINISTRATION

REGULATION

COMMUNICATION

COMPETITION

RESEARCH

FINANCING

SELECTION

BREEDING

PROCESSING

STORAGE

MULTIPLICATION

REGULATION

DISTRIBUTION

INVASION

DISEASE

MUTATION

EXTINCTION

n pract cRESOURCE

DYNAMICS FORTREE SEEDPROVISIONSome examples

WELL-BEING

KNOWLEDGE

SKILLS

HEALTH

WEALTH

RELATIONS

DIVERSITYHEALTH

STABILITY

PRODUCTIVITY

PURITY

IDENTITY

EFFICIENCY

QUALITY

QUANTITY

PRODUCTIVITY

NATURAL

HUMAN

PRODUCED

INPUTS

OUTPUTS

GOODS &

SERVICES

PROCESSES /

FUNCTIONS

PRESSURES

RESPONSES

STATE

RESOURCE

COMPONENTS

RESOURCES


COASTLINES

LOWLANDS


KEY

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GLACIERS

CLIMATE

DAMAGE

POLLUTION

DEGRADATION

OVER-HARVEST

RENEWABLE

ENERGY SOURCES

EROSION DEFENSESEQUIPMENT

TECHNIQUES

MONEY

CLIMATE CYCLE

HYDROLOGICAL CYCLEEROSIVE PROCESSES

ECOSYSTEM PROCESSES

LANDSCAPE BUILDING

ACCIDENTBREAKDOWN

EXPENSE

WASTE

POLLUTION

COASTAL DEFENSES

WEATHER PROTECTION

ALTERNATIVE TECHNOLOGY

LAND RECLAMATION

LABOUR PROVISION

REPAIR & MAINTENANCE

RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT

MISUSENEGLECT

LACK OF MAINTENANCE

MISMANAGEMENT

LACK OF UPGRADING

STORM

DAMAGE

FLOODING

DROUGHT

SCARCITY

OF G&S

DESTRUCTION

OVER-USE

NEGLECT

IGNORANCE

GLOBAL COMMUNITY

LOCAL COMMUNITIES

DOWNSTREAM VILLAGESHUNTERS / FARMERS

GOV. DEPARTMENT

NR and ENV, DEPT.

WATER

EQUABLE CLIMATEFARMING LAND

GOODS AND SERVICES

PROTECTION

OBSERVATION

REHABILITATION

REGENERATION

HUSBANDRY

REVEGETATION

EROSION CONTROLLAND RECLAMATION

WATER

LAND

RAW MATERIALS

GOVERNANCE

MANAGEMENT

ADMINISTRATION

REGULATIONCOMMUNICATION

FINANCING

MIGRATION

INTERNATIONAL

AND NATIONAL

SECURITY

ENERGY

GENERATION

POLLUTION CONTROLPRODUCT

MANUFACTURING

ECONOMIC

PROCESSES

STORM

DAMAGE

FLOODING

SCARCITY

OF G&S

in practiceRESOURCE

DYNAMICS OFCLIMATECHANGE

WELL-BEING

KNOWLEDGE

SKILLS

SECURITY

HEALTH

WEALTH

RELATIONS

CONFLICT

LAND STABILITYNATURAL RESOURCE

QUALITY

WATER QUALITY

CLIMATE PATTERNS

EFFICIENCY

QUALITY

QUANTITY

PRODUCTIVITY

SUSTAINABILITY

NATURAL

HUMAN

PRODUCED

INPUTS

OUTPUTS

GOODS &

SERVICES

PROCESSES /

FUNCTIONS

PRESSURES

RESPONSES

STATE

RESOURCE

COMPONENTS

RESOURCES


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The End

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The Livelihoods Approach(as used by DfID)

A new way of visualising it!(Click once and the diagram will open automatically)

The Livelihoods Diagram

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Transforming

STRATEGIES

NRbased non-NR based

Migration

VULNERABILITY CONTEXT

Trends Seasonality

Shocks

Well-beingIncreased

VulnerabilityReduced

Food securityIncreased

IncomeIncreased

NR useSustained

STRUCTURES

Private

Government

PROCESSES

LawsPolicies

InstitutionsCultures

In order to achieve

InfluenceAccess

OUTCOMESOUTCOMES

CapitalAssets

Return to Terraikonpresentation A. Marcus J. Robbins 2008

Issue - action cycle

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Issue action cycleMarcus Robbins 2002

How we move through the cycleof:

datainformationknowledge

wisdomaction

feedbackdata


DATANR Issue to Action Cycle

Click on components for details

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CHANGE CHANGE

REFER

ACTION!

ISSUE

CONTEXT?

APPROACH?

CATEGORY?IDENTIFY

STAKEHOLDER

S

STAKEHOLDER

S

D

ECIDE

INFORMATION

TACTICAL

STRATEGIC

POLITICAL

SECTORAL

DECISION MAKERS

CONSULT &

GENERATE

KNOWLEDGE

OPERATIONAL

OPERATIONAL

WISDOM

TIME

BEHAVIOUR / STATE

p

Click here to return to Terraikon A. Marcus J. Robbins 2008

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Government

Civil Society

Private Sector

Community Media

Education and Research

Examples of Stakeholders


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Problems and

Opportunities ...

Issues can be:


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Ecological systems

Geographic systems

Economic Systems ...

Issues: examples of context


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Economic and Production

Policy and Institutions Social and Cultural

Environment and Biodiversity ...

Issues: examples ofapproach


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Degradation of Forests Restoration of Forests

Establishment of Trees And Forests Sustainable Management Maintenance of Biodiversity

Forest/agriculture Interface Trees and Forests in Support of Livelihoods Forest Product Processing Timber Trade

Energy Production ...

Issues: examples of category


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Examples of sources Grey literature

Reports

Scientific studies

Textbooks Theories

Models

Empirical evidence

Analyses ofprocesses

Maps Syntheses

Statistics

Databases ...


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Examples of tools General principles

Policy instruments

Assessments

Project cycleguidelines

Modelling

Mitigation options

Training

Participatorytechniques

Silviculturaltechniques

Criteria and

indicators ...


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Making a Living

Understanding how people go about their dailylives

Marcus Robbins 2002

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Making a LivingFour interrelated aspects

?

TheRESOURCES

AVAILABLEFOR MAKING

A LIVING

The

SITUATIONIN WHICHA LIVINGIS MADE

The

STANDARDOF LIVINGACHIEVED

TheWAY

OF MAKINGA LIVING

Click here to return to the A. Marcus J. Robbins 2008

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?


Thesituation

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in which we find ourselves

Environmental Natural

Terrestrial

Marine Climatic

Built

Type Benefits

Hazards

Socio-economic Aspects

Cultural

Religious Financial Institutional Political Technological International Global

Benefits Hazards


Theresources

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available to us Type

Natural Renewable Non-renewable

Human

Individual Society Produced

Goods

Services Financial

Spiritual

Characteristics

Access Sustainability

Quantity

Quality Timing

Ownership


Thewaywe make a living

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we make a living

Our occupation

Type Characteristics Benefits

Hazards Employment

Roles

In society

Level Benefit

Status

Hazard


Thestandard of living

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we achieve Roles

Rights Responsibilities Relationships Rewards / Revenue

Needs Spiritual Mental

Psychological Physiological Physical

Level

High Medium

Low

Aspects Health

Hazard

Time Status

?


International Development Targets (IDTs)Global goals need local actions at all sorts of people

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A reduction by half in theproportion of people living inextreme poverty by 2015

Universal primary education inall countries by 2015.

Gender disparities in primaryand secondary educationremoved by 2005.

A reduction by two-thirds inthe mortality rates for infantsand children under 5 and areduction by three-quarters inmaternal mortality by 2015.

Access through the primaryhealth care system toreproductive health servicesfor all individuals ofappropriate ages as soon aspossible and no later than 2015.

To implement national

strategies for sustainabledevelopment in all countries by2005, so as to ensure thatcurrent trends in the loss ofenvironmental resources areeffectively reversed at bothglobal and national levels by2015.

IDTs

2015

g f p p


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