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Terrence D. Walton [email protected]
Louisiana Association of Drug Court Professionals
8th Annual Louisiana Drug Court Conference
New Orleans Marriott
New Orleans, Louisiana
February 23, 2006
Terrence D. Walton [email protected]
Juvenile Substance Use: Going, going, goneTerrence D Walton, MSW, ICADC
Terrence D. Walton [email protected]
Substance Use ContinuumSubstance Use Continuum1. Abstinence2. Use: Minimal or experimental use with
minimal consequences3. Abuse: Regular use with several and
more severe consequences4. Abuse/Dependence: Regular use over
an extended period with continued severe consequences
5. Recovery6. Secondary Abstinence
Terrence D. Walton [email protected]
DiagnosingDiagnosing Abuse - A maladaptive pattern of alcohol use
leading to clinically significant impairment or distress.Dependence - A maladaptive pattern of alcohol use, leading to clinically significant impairment or distress as manifested by three or more of the following occurring at any time during the same 12-month period.
•Tolerance•Withdrawal•Impaired Control•Neglect of Activities
•Time Spent Using •Using Despite Problems•Compulsive Use
Terrence D. Walton [email protected]
How Adolescent Use Differs How Adolescent Use Differs from Adult Usefrom Adult Use
1. Less likely to be physically dependent2. Use more likely to be based on
accessibility and acceptability3. Use likely to be more sporadic4. Hiding use may not be as clinical
significant5. Use more likely to be peer associated6. Progression to addiction and impairment
may be swifter and steeper
Terrence D. Walton [email protected]
Adolescent ConsiderationsAdolescent Considerations1. Developmentally from adults and
from other adolescents2. Some delay in cognitive and
social-emotional development3. Family involvement critical4. Adult programs ill-advised5. Nearly always coerced
Terrence D. Walton [email protected]
What’s happening in your What’s happening in your neck of the woods?neck of the woods?
Terrence D. Walton [email protected]
What’s Your Guess?What’s Your Guess?
What percentage of 10th graders—urban & suburban: Smoke cigarettes regularly? Has drunk alcohol more than 2 or 3 times? Has tried an illegal drug? Has sold marijuana or some other drug? Has had sexual intercourse? Has carried a weapon to school?
Terrence D. Walton [email protected]
SourceSource
Center for Civic InnovationSex, Drugs, and Delinquency in
Urban and Suburban Public Schools
Education Working PaperNo. 4 January 2004
Terrence D. Walton [email protected]
The ResultsThe Results
1. Smoke cigarettes regularly?
Urban: Suburban:
2. Has drunk alcohol more than 2 or 3 times?
Urban: Suburban:
3. Has tried an illegal drug?
Urban: Suburban:
Terrence D. Walton [email protected]
The ResultsThe Results
4. Has sold marijuana or some other drug?
Urban: Suburban:
5. Has had sexual intercourse?
Urban: Suburban:
6. Has carried a weapon to school?
Urban: Suburban:
Terrence D. Walton [email protected]
Drugs that Appeal to the Drugs that Appeal to the YoungYoung
Accessible
Socially Acceptable
Socially Enhancing
Facilitate Fun, Stimulation, or Escape Relatively Harmless
Terrence D. Walton [email protected]
Drugs That Turn Youth OffDrugs That Turn Youth Off
Powder cocaineCrackHeroin (injectable)Needles
Terrence D. Walton [email protected]
Drugs That Turn Youth OnDrugs That Turn Youth On
PCPPhencyclidine
Terrence D. Walton [email protected]
Drugs That Turn Youth OnDrugs That Turn Youth On
Methamphetamines
Terrence D. Walton [email protected]
Sippin’ Syrup and DJ ScrewSippin’ Syrup and DJ Screw Houston-based DJ Screw (AKA Robert Earl Davis)
Started an 80s underground version of rap—known as “Screw, Screwed, Screwed up, or Chopped and Screwed”; now being spread across the country by mainstream media
Created to accompany the illicit use of codeine-based cough syrup—which creates a hallucinogenic state where everything slows down and the senses swirl
DJ Screw died at age 30 of cardiac arrest caused by a syrup overdose
University of Texas School of Public Health at Houston Study found 25% of at risk Houston youth had used syrup
Terrence D. Walton [email protected]
Peters and his research team explored the social norms and beliefs about the onset patterns of this drug trend problem. The researchers did one-on-one interviews with 56 middle and high school students. Forty eight of them (39 males and 9 females) were syrup users.
The study showed both male and female students named “media modeling” as the foremost reason for the popularity of syrup usage, but males also acknowledged “euphoric effects,” “peer pressure” and “accessibility” as additional reasons for the popularity of the drug.
Researchers also examined the perceived addiction rate of syrup and found that most kids believed they were addicted to it the first time they used the trendy drug. Other study participants perceived the peer pressure to use it so strongly that they felt they could not stop.
“It’s considered on the streets to be ‘player potion,’” Peters said. “If you’re not drinking syrup, then you’re not a ‘player.’ ”
Terrence D. Walton [email protected]
What We Know About:What We Know About: Why Some Youth UseWhy Some Youth Use1. A
2. T
3. R
4. E
5. E
Terrence D. Walton [email protected]
Factors Affecting Continued UseFactors Affecting Continued Use
A. Historical Pattern of Use
B. Pharmacologic Responsivity
C. External Stimuli Responsivity
D. Cognitive and Behavioral Measures of Strengths and Weaknesses
Terrence D. Walton [email protected]
Assessing Juvenile Substance UseAssessing Juvenile Substance Use
CSAT Tip #3 Screening & Assessment of Alcohol and other Drug Abusing Adolescents
1. Teen Addiction Severity Index (T-ASI)2. Comprehensive Addiction Severity
Index for Adolescents (CASI-A)3. Youth Self Report for Ages 11 to 184. Child Behavior Check List for Ages 11
to 18
Terrence D. Walton [email protected]
What We Know About:What We Know About:
RiskRisk ResilienceResilience1. Less parental
disapproval of use
2. Peer group that uses
3. Lows level of family support & connection
4. Low or negative future aspirations
5. High levels of stress
6. Values independence over achievement
1. Good school performance
2. Frequent religious service attendance
3. Acceptance of socially –approved values
4. Pro-social community involvement
5. Access to adequate social services and resources
6. Self efficacy
Terrence D. Walton [email protected]
Louisiana Association of Drug Court Professionals
8th Annual Louisiana Drug Court Conference
February 23, 2006
