Territorial Report Alexandria Historical Center · A. Territorial Report ... Alexandria University...

5/31/2014

Territorial Report

Alexandria Historical Center

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Table of Contents A. Territorial Report - descriptive section: WHO ARE WE? ................................................. 5

Overview of the Tourism in Egypt: ........................................................................................... 5

Diversity of tourism modes in Egypt: ................................................................................... 5

International tourism - number of arrivals in Egypt ............................................................ 6

WORLD BANK INDICATORS - EGYPT - TRAVEL & TOURISM ................................................ 6

Preliminary analysis: ................................................................................................................. 7

Overview of tourism trends in the Alexandria .................................................................... 7

URBAN TOURISM TREND OF ALEXANDRIA .............................................................................. 7

Overview of Alexandria ........................................................................................................ 7

LOCATION .......................................................................................................................... 8

Education in Alexandria ..................................................................................................... 9

HISTORY: ............................................................................................................................... 9

TYPES OF TOURISM ............................................................................................................. 10

CLIMATE .......................................................................................................................... 1413

DEMOGRAPHICS .............................................................................................................. 1514

FACILITIES AND SERVICES ............................................................................................... 1615

Useful addresses:......................................................................................................... 1615

Cheap Hotels: .............................................................................................................. 1615

Hotels with moderate prices: ...................................................................................... 1615

Expensive Hotels:......................................................................................................... 1615

Restaurants: ................................................................................................................. 1716

Cheap restaurants: ...................................................................................................... 1716

Restaurants with moderate prices: ............................................................................. 1716

Expensive restaurants: ................................................................................................ 1716

Franchise Brand Restaurant: ....................................................................................... 1716

BIG EVENTS ..................................................................................................................... 1817

ROAD NETWORKS/ TRANSPORTATION ......................................................................... 1918

Transportation within the city: ...................................................................................... 1918

Tourism Demand in Alexandria ...................................................................................... 2019

Tourism contribution to the national economy: ......................................................... 2019

Tourism in Alexandria: .................................................................................................... 2120

Contribution of tourism to Alexandria`s economy: ....................................................... 2221

The distribution of demand according to mostly visited areas in Alexandria: ............. 2625

Development of different areas to support the tourism sector: .................................. 2625

Tourism marketing ...................................................................................................... 2625

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Tourism development ................................................................................................. 2726

Infrastructure efficiency .............................................................................................. 2726

Human resources ......................................................................................................... 2928

Potentials of new Types of Tourism in Alexandria ........................................................ 3130

Dark tourism: ............................................................................................................... 3130

Roots tourism: ............................................................................................................. 3130

Sports tourism: ............................................................................................................ 3130

Business tourism: ........................................................................................................ 3130

Residential tourism: ..................................................................................................... 3231

Back-stage tourism: ..................................................................................................... 3231

Event tourism: ............................................................................................................. 3231

Yacht tourism: ............................................................................................................. 3231

Authentic tourism: ....................................................................................................... 3231

Music Tourism ............................................................................................................. 3231

Urban Tourism Trends of the historical center (Al-Raml Station -Downtown) ............ 3332

1- History: ........................................................................................................................ 3332

The Founding of the City ............................................................................................. 3332

The City under Rome ................................................................................................... 3433

Christianity and the Decline of Alexandria .................................................................. 3433

2- Location: ...................................................................................................................... 3534

3- Types of tourism: ........................................................................................................ 3534

4- Climate: ....................................................................................................................... 3534

5- Demographics: ............................................................................................................ 3635

6- Facilities and services: ................................................................................................ 3635

7- Tourism demand and supply: ..................................................................................... 4039

A synchronic study of the comparative analysis between historical centers and the

national data. .................................................................................................................. 4241

- Manufacturing, finance, and other services. ............................................................ 4544

SWOT Analysis for the potentials of the Governorates as touristic destinations ........ 5049

Analysis of cultural attractions and risk factors ............................................................ 5453

List of all resources which have some connection with tourism: ............................... 5453

Resources’ evaluation ................................................................................................. 130129

Matrix of tourism competitiveness ............................................................................ 131130

Needs analysis ............................................................................................................. 131130

1- Analysis of the interviews with ten key informants: ....................................... 131130

2- Analysis of Historical center Residence Questionnaire: .................................. 133132

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3- Analysis of Tourist Questionnaire ....................................................................... 137136

SWOT analysis ......................................................................................................... 143142

B. Territorial Report - prescriptive section: WHO DO WE WANT TO BE? ................. 145144

Solutions/interventions/measures to mitigate risk factors: ..................................... 145144

Appendix: ........................................................................................................................ 146145

Appendix 1 Detailed of Governorate for the comparative study ... 146145

Appendix 2 Interview with the Key Informants ............................. 146145

Appendix 3 References ................................................................... 146145

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A. Territorial Report - descriptive section: WHO ARE

WE?

Overview of the Tourism in Egypt: The tourism industry is highly important to the Egyptian economy. It contributes

11.3% of total GDP, 14.4% of income from foreign currency, 12.6% of the total

Egyptian workforce, and 9.2% of the total investment in the services sector.

More than 10.6 million tourists visited Egypt in 2013, a reduction of 16.7% on 2012.

The total number of nights spent by tourists also declined to a drop of 27.9% from

the same period during 2013. Revenues fell by 37%, falling to $ 5.6bn in 2013.

According to the Central Bank of Egypt, tourism is ranked second in terms of most

important sources of income for Egypt after remittances from Egyptians abroad, and

is followed by income from the Suez Canal.

A total of EGP 2bn has been allocated to this sector, which directly and indirectly

provides job opportunities to 3.8 million individuals.

Diversity of tourism modes in Egypt: Egypt enjoys various fields of tourism attraction, the most important are archeological or

cultural tourism as one of the oldest types of tourism in Egypt, Besides cultural and

archaeological tourism, many tourism attraction types have come into existence and

addressed broader segments of tourists across the world, including recreational tourism,

beaches tourism, religious tourism, therapeutic tourism, eco-tourism, sports tourism, golf

tourism, safari tourism, desert tourism, yacht tourism, and maritime tourism in addition to

festivals tourism, and cultural events and finally conferences and exhibitions tourism.

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International tourism - number of arrivals in Egypt

WORLD BANK INDICATORS - EGYPT - TRAVEL & TOURISM

1990 2000 2010

International tourism; number of arrivals in Egypt 5116000.0 14051000.0 [+]

International tourism; number of departures in Egypt 2964000.0 [+]

International tourism; receipts (US dollar) in Egypt 4657000000.0 13633000000.0 [+]

International tourism; receipts (% of total exports) in Egypt 27.6 27.9 [+]

International tourism; receipts for passenger transport items (US

dollar) in Egypt

312000000.0 1105000000.0 [+]

International tourism; expenditures for passenger transport items (US

dollar) in Egypt

134000000.0 456000000.0 [+]

International tourism; receipts for travel items (US dollar) in Egypt 4345000000.0 12528000000.0 [+]

International tourism; expenditures for travel items (US

dollar) in Egypt

1072000000.0 2240000000.0 [+]

International tourism; expenditures (US dollar) in Egypt 1206000000.0 2696000000.0 [+]

International tourism; expenditures (% of total imports) in Egypt 5.3 4.5 [+]

http://www.tradingeconomics.com/egypt/international-tourism-number-of-arrivals-wb-data.html

http://www.tradingeconomics.com/egypt/international-tourism-number-of-arrivals-wb-data.html

http://www.tradingeconomics.com/egypt/international-tourism-number-of-departures-wb-data.html

http://www.tradingeconomics.com/egypt/international-tourism-number-of-departures-wb-data.html

http://www.tradingeconomics.com/egypt/international-tourism-receipts-us-dollar-wb-data.html

http://www.tradingeconomics.com/egypt/international-tourism-receipts-us-dollar-wb-data.html

http://www.tradingeconomics.com/egypt/international-tourism-receipts-percent-of-total-exports-wb-data.html

http://www.tradingeconomics.com/egypt/international-tourism-receipts-percent-of-total-exports-wb-data.html

http://www.tradingeconomics.com/egypt/international-tourism-receipts-for-passenger-transport-items-us-dollar-wb-data.html



http://www.tradingeconomics.com/egypt/international-tourism-expenditures-for-passenger-transport-items-us-dollar-wb-data.html



http://www.tradingeconomics.com/egypt/international-tourism-receipts-for-travel-items-us-dollar-wb-data.html

http://www.tradingeconomics.com/egypt/international-tourism-receipts-for-travel-items-us-dollar-wb-data.html

http://www.tradingeconomics.com/egypt/international-tourism-expenditures-for-travel-items-us-dollar-wb-data.html



http://www.tradingeconomics.com/egypt/international-tourism-expenditures-us-dollar-wb-data.html

http://www.tradingeconomics.com/egypt/international-tourism-expenditures-us-dollar-wb-data.html

http://www.tradingeconomics.com/egypt/international-tourism-expenditures-percent-of-total-imports-wb-data.html

http://www.tradingeconomics.com/egypt/international-tourism-expenditures-percent-of-total-imports-wb-data.html

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Preliminary analysis:

Overview of tourism trends in the Alexandria

URBAN TOURISM TREND OF ALEXANDRIA

Overview of Alexandria

Alexandria the largest port in Egypt and the greatest summer resort in the Middle

East and today is considered as the second capital of Egypt. Famous for being called

the "Pearl of the Mediterranean,” the captivating Alexandria will fascinate you with

its mix of history and modernity. Although very little remains of the old city,

Alexandria still retains its Mediterranean ambience and old European residence

houses, combined with old cafes and Greco Roman monuments. It has a unique

geographical location and mild climate as well as different trade, industry and

agriculture activities.

The Arab League of States chose Alexandria in 2010 as the capital of Arab Tourism

based on its deep-rooted, cultural and civilization reserve.

The beauty and cosmopolitanism of Alexandria inspired great authors such as the

British novelist E.M. Forster, the Greek poet Constantine Cavafy who respectively

lived in Alexandria in the early and late 19th century, and Lawrence Durrell who lived

and wrote about the city during World War II.

Alexandria has diversified tourism characteristics with different kinds of tourisms all

the yearlong not only due to its coasts which attract thousands of visitors every year,

but also to its historical monuments and cultural landmarks.

The Alexandrian coastline extends on no less than 70 km, from the north-western

side of the Nile delta to Mariout Lake in the east. The coast is dotted with beautiful

bays and harbours, such as Abu-Qir and the crescent-shaped Alexandrian Eastern

Harbour which is overlooked by the majestic Qaitbay Fortress. The Corniche in

Alexandria is a treat during both summer and winter. Starting from Ras El Tin and

stretching all the way to Montazah you can enjoy spectacular view of the White

Mediterranean. The Cornice was developed in the 1930s and further developments

were made to it in the early 1990s. Beaches stretch along the coast from Maamoura

in the east and all the way to the Agamy beach west of Alexandria

The most popular tourist places are Antoniadis Gardens and Palace, Montazah

Palace, Bibliotheca Alexandrina, Qaitbay Citadel, Pompey’s pillar, catacomb Kom El

Shoqafa, Mostafa Kamel / EL Shatby cemeteries, Alexandria National Museum, Royal

Jewelry Museum, Maritime museum, Graeco-Roman Museum, Opera house and St.

Mena Monastery.

http://en.egypt.travel/sub_product/index/beaches

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LOCATION

Alexandria is located in the North of Egypt on the Mediterranean Sea at the western

extremity of the Nile River delta along the 70 km from east to west and is bordered

by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, and south Lake Marriott and EL-Behira

Govfrnorate and Matrouh Governorate in the west. Alexandria considered one of

the largest ports of the Arab Republic of Egypt on the Mediterranean Sea, and is

considered one of the greatest centers of the summer in the Middle East.

The region of Alexandria area governate 2,680 square km. The waterfront of

Alexandria extends to 93.5 starting from east Abu Qir gulf to west. The governorate

of Alexandria is divided into 7 main municipalities in addition to the city of Borg

ElArab

Alexandria is also an industrial governorate where 40% of Egyptian industries are

concentrated, especially The textile industry, cement, paper, printing, fertilizer, food

processing, iron and steel, metals, petroleum refining, natural gas production,

chemicals and petrochemicals, in addition to the industrial areas in Burg Al-Arab and

the Free Trade Zone in EL Amreya district. There are two ports in Alexandria, known

as the first port-east and the other known as the western port at El Dekhela.

There are various investment opportunities and fields in the city such as: industry,

building materials, cement, lands under reclamation, preferably cultivated plants

and medicinal herbs, conference tourism, medical tourism and the establishment of

marinas along the seacost of the city, exploitation the Cornish of Mahmudiya in the

establishment of recreational centers.

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Education in Alexandria

Alexandria consider the capital of culture and education since the Greeco-Roman

period, it contain now different universities (one public University, 3 private and one

international university ) that support students with different area of specialization.

Alexandria University is a Public University was established in 1942 and it contain

21 Faculties and high institutes.

The Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport's: established

as regional institute for maritime transport started as a notion in the Arab League

Transport Committee's meetings on 11th of March, 1970.

Pharos University was established in 2006 in accordance with the latest

internationally acknowledged standards and parameters regarding higher education

quality, and supported with advanced, highly equipped scientific laboratories.

Egypt –Japan University of Science and Technology established in 2009 at new Borg

EL Arab city. And Senghor University established in 1990 for the prupose of the

African Development

HISTORY: The city of Alexandria had been founded in 331 BC by the Greek conqueror

Alexander the Great in the small Egyptian port of Rhacotis. This small port town

became the capital of his empire with a trade and military seaport allowing the

conqueror to control the Mediterranean Sea. Alexander left Egypt only few months

after his arrival to march on Tyre, Phoenicia. So, his commander, Cleomenes had to

build the city as Alexander had envisioned. While Cleomenes accomplished this great

deal, the full expansion of Alexandria came under the rule of Alexander’s general

Ptolemy and the rule of the Ptolemaic Dynasty (332-30 BCE) which followed. In 323

BCE, Alexander the Great died and never saw his city accomplished (infoplease.com,

2012). Alexander the Great had targeted three main goals during the establishment

of Alexandria:

-Cultural: This city was the fort of the Greek civilization and in addition became the

intellectual capital of the antique world thanks to many poets, intellectuals who

wanted to bow to the famous library.

-Trading: With its famous port and lighthouse, Alexandria became one of the most

important place of trade between the East and the West.

-Militarily: Alexandria was the navy base to control the eastern part of the

Mediterranean Sea.

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Ptolemy made the capital and began to transform it into one of the

greatest centers of learning in the Greek world. Alexandria was not

only a center of Hellenism but was also home to the largest city of the world.

Julius Caesar occupy the city in 47 B.C. and formally it became part of the Roman Empire.

It was the greatest of the Roman provincial capitals. In the later centuries of Roman rule

and under the Byzantine Empire, Alexandria rivaled Rome and Constantinople as a center

of Christian learning.

From the fourth century AD, between wars and conquests, Alexandria is in decline. When

the Muslim Arabs enter Alexandria in 642, its prosperity had withered, largely because of

a decline in shipping.

The discovery of a new maritime road by the Portuguese on the fifteenth century which

bypassed Africa with the aim of looking for the spices in India didn't arrange it...

During his Egyptian campaign, Napoleon occupy the city in 1798, but it fell to the British

in 1801. The city gradually regained importance after 1819, when the Mahmudiyah Canal

was completed by Muhammed Ali, who developed Alexandria as a deep-water port and a

naval station.

During the nineteenth century many foreigners like Greeks, Italians, French’s, Lebanese’s,

Syrians, Jewfishes and Armenians settled in Alexandria and participate in the

development of the railways between Cairo and Alexandria, the increase in commercial

activities and the boom of the cotton. The great cosmopolitan center declined during the

twentieth century, particularly after the 1952 Egyptian revolution

TYPES OF TOURISM

Today, Alexandria has 4609 million residents. Alexandria has always been popular as a

holiday destination for local Egyptians looking to escape the summer heat and enjoy the

Mediterranean beaches. Foreign tourists are also discovering how easy it is to visit

Alexandria for even just a day or two. There are several types of tourism:

Archeological and heritage tourism: Alexandria rich with its archeological culture

and its historical

monuments such as Pompey’s pillar, Catacomb Kom El Shoqafa, Qaitbay Citadel, Roman

theater, Alexandria national Museum and Greeco-Roman museum

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Leisure tourism: the city offers many theaters, cinemas, parks such

as montazah palace and gardens and also Antoniadis gardens

Beach tourism: is one of the main touristic attraction especially in summer on both

local and national levels. Alexandria offers many beaches, public and private along the

seascost of the city (the private ones are especially beaches from luxury hotels like

Palestine, Salamlek in the Montazah Park and the private and the private beach of the

fourseason hotel and Maomoura bay, in addition to 30 five stars luxuries resort located

on the north coast of Alexandria along all the seacost 65 km between Alexandria &

Matrouh road, in addition to some resorts in king Marriout and Agamy neighborhood.

Culture tourism: several cultural attraction we can found it in Alexandria such as

Alexandria Opera house Also known as the Sayed Darwish Theatre, it is amazing

cultural venue of the Pearl of the Mediterranean. In 2000, the building was put of

Egypt’s National Heritage list. Consequently, it has undergone seven years of

renovation works that gave back its splendour to the delicately decorated premises of

the opera. The venue hosts today world-class events, including all-time favourite

operas and ballets performed by local and international companies. The gorgeous

auditorium also hosts concerts, recitals, Arab

and international festivals and cultural

gatherings.

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In addition to Bibliotheca Alexandrina which is Alexandrina is one of

the main tourist destinations in Alexandria. The

library is located in front of Alexandria University. It

attracts both local and international tourists as well

as students to visit and explore its differant

sections.The Library of Alexandria aims to be a

center of excellence in the production and

dissemination of knowledge .The Bibliotheca

Alexandrina includes all the facilities needed for

tourists and visitors. Also it is surrounded by a

number of cultural and historical places as well as

returants, caffees and shops.

Therapeutic tourism: This kind of tourism is the main source of cure demanders,

they come from all over the world and some from Eastern Europe countries, Geneva,

Lebanon, and others. Alexandria has many places which are good for this kind of

tourism especially in king Marriott area eliminating the environmental pollution, also

Abu Qeir area which will be used in the future as an international tourist retreat

Business tourism: Alexandria is considered as an important sea port on the

Mediterranean Sea and also has a commercial and industrial center, where

businessmen travel across the country for trade or for spending holidays even in winter

or summer.

Sport tourism: Alexandria has of sport clubs with various sport games with several

private clubs (Sporting, Semouha and EL-Olompy clubs) in addition to the national club

(El-Etehad club)

Religious tourism: Alexandria has many religious memorials Islamic like the famous

mosque Elmorsi Abu Elabas and Christian like the Coptic Orthodox church and

St. Mena monestry in King Marrioutt : is Located approximately 50 km southwest of

Alexandria, the small village-town of Abu-Mina is home to St. Mena (Mina) monastery.

St Mena is believed to have fallen as a martyr in the

early 4th century when the Roman Empire was

persecuting Christians. A modern monastery has

been built on the location of an ancient church. A

German archeological team has been working at

Abu Mina since 1969.

Formattato: Inglese (Stati Uniti)

Formattato: Inglese (Stati Uniti)

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Recent attractions

Stanley Bridge: It is the first bridge in Egypt to be

constructed into the sea, with total length of 400

m. Considered of 6 spans, it constitute amajor part

of the reconstruction and decoration of Alexandria

cornich. A master piece of architectureal precision,

the bridge preserves the architectural style of the

famous and cosmopolitan Egyptian city.

Royal Jewellery Museum: the Royal Jewellery Museum of Alexandria is reopened to

tourists since April 2010 after 5 years of renovation. Housed in an exquisitely

decorated villa that formerly belonged to king Farouk’s first wife, the museum is a

true gem, offering on display a great collection of glitzy artefacts that belonged to the

excessive and extravagant Egyptian monarch and his family.

Qaitbay Maritime Museum (Sea Life & War Collections): Inside the Qaitbay Fort, we

can find the Qaitbay Maritime Museum, which houses a collection of several interesting

artifacts from the wars that it has witnessed. We can see relics from the Roman sea battles,

the Napoleonic wars in which the fort was bombarded, as well as the British wars in which it

was taken. There is also an interesting collection of sea diaphragms and sea creatures.

CLIMATE

During winter time (from December to February), the weather is fairly warm and

sunny in Alexandria although the sea will be too cold to swim in comfortably. The

average temperature of daytime fluctuates between 20°C to 22°C. On the other

hand, nighttime temperature becomes colder with 10°C. It is the best season to visit

Alexandria, especially from October to June the city climate eagerly welcomes the

tourists and for the people who love swimming the best period is from July to

September. A warm, dusty wind namely the “khamsin” comes during March until

June. Summer is humid, but with a breeze it still cooler than in the capital Cairo and

many Egyptians move to Alexandria in the summer. The average high frequently

climbs to mid-thirties while the low stands around 30°C. June is the sunniest month

of the year when Alexandria receives more than 12 hours of sunshine.

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http://www.worldweatheronline.com

DEMOGRAPHICS

At the end of August 2012, Egypt reached a population of 91 million as announced by the

country’s official statistics body, CAPMAS. This statistic shows a growth of 18% since the last

census conducted in 2006, when population amounted to 76.5 million

(http://worldpopulationreview.com).

In Alexandria, from the late 19th century to the 1980s the population grew 10-fold, due to

the high birth rates and migration from the countryside. In the decade following the 1952

revolution, the city’s population reached roughly 1.5 million; by 1976 the population stood

at more than 2 million, with half the people under 20 years of age. The city’s population

continued to grow, reaching more than 4609 million in the early 21st century

(http://www.britannica.com).

http://www.worldweatheronline.com/

http://worldpopulationreview.com/

http://www.britannica.com/

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FACILITIES AND SERVICES

Useful addresses:

-Tourism office of Alexandria: Midan Saad Zaghoul in front of the chamber of commerce.

-Touristic police: 23, sharia El-Mina el-Sharkia, midan Saad Zaghoul, in the same building of

the tourism office.

-Passport office: 28, sharia Talaat Harb.

Cheap Hotels:

(Rates for single & Double rooms start from 15$ to 20$)

-Blue Rivera Hotel: 65, sharia El-Geish.

-Triomphe Hotel: 26, sharia Gamal ad-Din Yassin

-Acropole Hotel: 27, sharia Gamal ad-Din Yassin

- Amoun Hotel, 32 El Nasr St., El Manshia

- Mecca Hotel, 44 El Gaish Road,

Hotels with moderate prices:


-Delta Hotel, 14 Champollion Street - Al Azarita,

- Grand Royal, EL Mansheya

- San Giovanni Stanly Hotel, 205 El Gueish Ave, Stanly

- Aifu Resort, El Montazah tower

- Plaza hotel, 394 El Gaish Ave, Zizinia

- EL Haram Hotel, 162 El Guish Road, Cleopatra

- Cleopatra hotel, 160 El Cornich Road – Cleopatra

- La Siesta Resort Alexandria, Suez Canal Bridge, Moharram Bek

- Regency Hotel, 696 Cornich Road, Al Asafra

Expensive Hotels:


- Four Season Hotel

- Windsor Palace: 17, sharia El-Shohada

-Le Metropole Hotel: 52, sharia Saad Zaghoul

-Hotel Sofitel Cecil: Midan Saad Zaghoul

-Salamlek Hotel: Montazah gardens

- Sheraton Hotel Corniche Road, Al Montazah

- Helanan Palestine hotel, Montzah garden

- Hilton Alexandria Green Plaza, 14th of May Bridge Road - Smouha

- Hilton Corniche, 544 El Geish Road, Sidi Bishr

- Paradise inn Beach resort, Maamoura Beach, Al Maamoura

- Tolip Hotel, Moustafa Kamel, Corniche Road Roushdy

- Raddisson Blue, MEHWAR EL TAAMEER; NORTHERN COAST ROAD, 21ST K,

- Mercure Hotel Romance, 303 El Geish Road, Saba Pasha

- Mediterranean Azur Hotel, 427 Cornish Road Roushdy

17

Restaurants:

Cheap restaurants:

-Mohammed Ahmed Fuul: 17, sharia Shakour

-La Taverna: 1, midan Saad Zaghoul

- Gad Restaurants

- EL Waheed fuul

- El Falah

- Abo Rabee3

-Houda El-Gondol for fish

Restaurants with moderate prices:

- White and Blue (before the Qaytbay fort)

-Abou El Sid: 39, sharia El-Horreya

-Abou Ashraf: 28, sharia safr Basha, Anfouchi

-Malek El-Saman: 48, sharia Masjid el-Attarine

- EL Safawany for Grill

- Pizza Queen

- Dahab for Pizza and pies

- Moemen for fast food

- El Sultan Aioub Restaurant

Expensive restaurants:

Jungle restaustrant, Grand Café, Greek Club, Fishmarket, Samakmak for Fish, Tikka grill,

Roastery restaurant, Balbaa village, Chez Gaby restaurant, Hosny, China House, Lebanero,

Studio Misr, Pizza Minouche, Kadoura for fish, Zanilli’s restaurants and café, Spectra

restaurants, sea Gull, Chilli’s, Ebn El Balad , Abo Shakra, Latino , Delight , De la vega

Franchise Brand Restaurant:

KFC, McDonlad’s, Hardees, Burger King, PizzaHut, Duppio zero, Starbucks, Brioche Doree,

Costa, Domino’s Pizza, Leila from Lebanon

Shopping In Alexandria

Alexandria have several shopping malls for shopping with wide varities and prices

Some malls such as (Carrefour city center and saint Stefano grand Plaza) have wide range of

Brands shops for clothes, shoes and bags, electronic, sports and swimwear. Like (H&M,

Debenhams, Mark and sepencer, Zara, Brreshka, Promod, Mango, Addidas, Timberland, Nike,

and Puma……., in addition to other several malls with wide range of shops in all

neighborhood of the city such as (falaky mall & Saad Zaghloul mall in the down town/

historical cemter, zahran mall and Green Plaza mall in semouha area, EL-Dieb Mall in

Roushdy area, El-Watania mall in Loran, Mina Mall in EL-Ibrahemya area, Downtown mall

front of Carrefour city center and Agamy star mall In Agamy area.

http://www.tripadvisor.com/Restaurant_Review-g295398-d1123981-Reviews-Houda_El_Gondol-Alexandria_Alexandria_Governorate.html

http://www.tripadvisor.com/Restaurant_Review-g295398-d2726585-Reviews-El_Sultan_Aioub_Restaurant-Alexandria_Alexandria_Governorate.html

http://www.tripadvisor.com/Restaurant_Review-g295398-d2727167-Reviews-Starbucks-Alexandria_Alexandria_Governorate.html

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BIG EVENTS

– Alexandrina International Book Fair - Hadoutet Bahr (Sea Story) Workshop (2 to 4 April

2014)

– Knowledge Cafe : Held within the Youth and Environment Program, the event discusses

different scientific topics. (5th of April 2014)

– Youth for Environmental Sustainability and Better Understanding (YESBU) : Launched in

2002, the Youth for Environmental Sustainability and Better Understanding (YESBU) is a

program organized by the BA Special Advisors targeting young people from 13 to 17 years

old. It aims to raise environmental awareness among youth and provides them with e-

learning tools.

– African League of Young Masters (ALYM) The BA- Advisors for special programs launched

the African League of Young Masters (ALYM) in July 2011 under the umbrella of the Youth

and Environment Programs. This program is mainly directed to African students studying in

Alexandrina University. It aims to open channels of communication between those African...

– BA Orchestra, Easter Concert (BACC great Hall), 5th of April 2014

– Biovision: BioVisionAlexandria (BVA) is an international event organized by the Bibliotheca

Alexandrina in partnership with the World Life Sciences Forum, BioVision. It is a continuation

of the tradition that started in BioVision 1999 in Lyon, France in which BioVisionAlexandria

Conference was held every even year, alternating with the World Life Sciences Forum held in

Lyon every odd year since 2004.

– Alexandria International Film Festival: Since 1985, Egypt held an international festival for

Egyptian and international films, this festival held annually in Alexandria, is organized the

Egyptian Association for Cinema Writers and Critics under the sponsorship of the Ministry of

Culture and the Alexandria Governorate.

– Festival for celebrating Sayyed Darwish - Egypt’s revolutionary singer: Alexandria organize

this festival annually to celebrate the legacy of Darwish, which is not only musical but also

historical and national

– 26th of July the national day of Alexandria

– Acies Quartet - Austrian Chamber Music ,Alexandria Opera House

– Piano Recital - Kimball Gallagher (USA), Alexandria Opera House

– Tosca Famous Operas, Alexandria Opera House

Permanent exhibitions at the library

http://www.bibalex.org/Exhibitions/Contemporary_en.aspx

http://www.bibalex.org/Events/EventDetails_EN.aspx?ID=20864






http://www.bibalex.org/Exhibitions/Contemporary_en.aspx

19

ROAD NETWORKS/ TRANSPORTATION

Alexandria is accessible by flight with Borg El-Arab Airport (50 km from Alexandria).

It's also accessible by train with the Masr station and the Sidi Gaber station.

And finally accessible by bus also: Autobus station with three companies: Super jet –

West and Middle Delta Bus – Go Bus.

Transportation within the city:

Taxis: the black and yellow (around 15LE, but it depends on the journey). There are

also private taxis more comfortable and more expensive.

Tramway: Parallel to the Corniche. 0.25LE by journey. Blue tram goes to the East and

the yellow one to the West.

Minibus: Useful for the Corniche. 1.25LE per person.

Red buses: Between Montazah and Ras El Tin (3LE)

20

Tourism Demand in Alexandria

Tourism contribution to the national economy:

Tourism has become one of the leading sectors of economic growth and the highest in terms

of generating new job opportunities because of being a labor intensive industry and its

interdependence with other sectors.

Over the last two decades, tourism has proven to be a fast growing economic sector, with an

average growth of 25% per year in arrivals and a 32.5% increase in receipts. Its share

represents 19.3% of total income of foreign currencies.

The tourism sector is considered as one of the principal generators of employment,

accounting for 12.6% of the employed population. Tourism as a labour intensive industry

creates jobs in almost 70 related sectors.

Tourism industry effectively contributed to generating value added, job opportunities and

enhancing Egypt's balance of payments as well as boosting tourism industry-related

industries and activities through what is known as tourism multiplier (Alex bank, 2010).

Tourism arrivals in Egypt increased gradually in the period of 2005-2008, then a slight

decrease in the numbers of 2009 can be noticed. The tourist arrivals witnessed a boom in

2010 that was followed by a decrease in 2011 due to political instabilities. As the tourism

sector is sensitive to any changes, fluctuations in the tourism demand can be noticed. The

share of Alexandria of tourist arrivals was consequently influenced by these fluctuations

(Table 1).

Table (1): Actual and Estimated number of tourist arrivals in Alexandria.

Year

Number of

tourists in Egypt

Number of

tourists in

Alexandria

Year

Number of

tourists in

Egypt

Number of

tourists in

Alexandria

2005 8.244000(5)

370000(1) 2010 14.051000(3) -

2006 8.646000(5) 413781(2) 2011 9.497000(3)

1.036064(4)

2007 10.610000(5) - 2012 11.169000(3)

1.228590*

2008 12.296000(5) - 2013 9.500000(3)

1.045000*

2009 11.914000(5) -

Source:

(1) Muhammed, 2011.

(2) Iraqi, 2007.

(3) UNWTO, 2013.

(4) Tourism in Figures, 2012. (5) World-statistics, 2014. * Estimated

21

Tourism in Alexandria: The number of tourist arrivals in Alexandria in 2011 accounted for 1,036064 (Tourism in

figures, 2012). Compared with the average of tourist arrivals in the interval of 2000-2011 (~

380000 tourists), it can be noticed that the number of tourists almost increased by 235% in

2011. This increase in tourist arrivals should be substantiated by developments in

infrastructure and superstructure in order to avoid congestion in vital services in the city.

Taking the number of tourist arrivals as a basis supported by the numbers of national tourist

arrivals, it can be calculated that Alexandria approximately contributed by 11% of national

tourist arrivals in 2011 (Table 1 and Figure 1). This contribution increased notably if

compared with the figures of 2005 and 2006, where Alexandria only contributed by 4.6% of

total national tourist arrivals.

Figure 1: Number of tourist in Alexandria and Barcelona.

Source: Muhammed, 2011.

Table 2 shows the number of visitors to main sites and museums in Alexandria. The figures

show that the number of foreigners exceeded Egyptians in 2009. This trend changed since

then and a large number of Egyptians dominated the visits to the sites in Alexandria

exceeding the number of tourists by 84% in 2013.

The number of tourists to sites in Alexandria was taking a downward slope since 2009 and a

notable drop off can be noticed in 2011, where the figures decreased by 88% compared to

2010. The numbers since then started to rise till 2013, where it reached 4% increase when

compared to 2012. It is worth to mention, that if the numbers of 2009 and 2013 were

compared, a large drop off by approximately 93% can be observed. Fluctuation in the

numbers of Egyptians to Alexandria sites can be noticed. A raise in the numbers by 23%

could be noted in 2010 if compared to 2009 then the numbers dropped off by 50% in 2011. A

raise of 18% can be detected followed by a drop off by 38% in 2013.

In summary, Alexandria relied in the last period on domestic tourism due to political

instabilities prevailing in the country. The potentials of Alexandria should be closely explored

and developed parallel to expanding the infra- and supra structure projects to support any

22

new stream of foreign tourists.

Table 2: Number of Visitors to main sites and museums in Alexandria

2009 2010 C

han

ge

% 2011

Ch

ange

% 2012

Ch

ange

% 2013

Ch

ange

%

Tourists 616558 522507 -15 62488 -88 41643 -34 43444 +4

Egyptians 556942 685503 +23 346224 -50 409843 +18 256807 -38

Source: General Department of Antiquities and Police (Ministry of Interior), 2014.

Contribution of tourism to Alexandria`s economy: Tourism in Alexandria relies mainly on domestic tourism in addition to quick trips by sea.

Tourism does not contribute directly to Alexandria`s economy considering the number of the

population working in this sector according to the figures of 2006 (Figure 2). However, it is

worth to mention, that the indirect impact of tourism can play a major role in supporting the

economy of Alexandria in terms of generating indirect employment and income, unlike other

governorates like Sharm ElSheikh and Hurghada where a wide range of the population works

directly in the tourism sector.

Alexandria has much unexplored potentials for tourism that need to be located and

developed by the public and private sector in order to increase the direct contribution of

tourism to the economy of Alexandria and Egypt as a whole.

Figure 2: The % of population of selected governorates working in the tourism sector in 2006. Source: Abdel-Latif et al, 2012.

Distribution of tourists in Alexandria by nationality, tourist nights, types of tourists,

points of entry and seasons:

Figure (3) shows the distribution of tourists in Alexandria according to nationality in

1996. Domestic tourism accounts for the majority of the tourism flow followed by

international tourists and Arab tourists successively.

23

The figures show, that tourism in Alexandria mainly relies on

domestic tourism which represents more than 68% of the number of tourists visiting

the city, while the international tourists represent more than 22% while the Arabs

only

repr

ese

nt

10%

.

Figu

re 3:

Nu

mbe

r of tourists by origins

Source: Muhammed, 2011

In 2006, the figures showed that domestic tourism accounted for 58% of total tourist

arrivals to Alexandria, while the international tourists represent 24% and the Arabs

18% of total tourist arrivals. The figures show that the number of Arabs and

international tourists increased on behalf of domestic tourists comparing the

numbers of 1996 and 2006 (Table 3).

The breakdown of the demand by nationalities on the different months from January

to October 2006 shows, that domestic and Arab tourist arrivals are highly

concentrated in summer especially in August, while international tourists are highly

concentrated at spring time (Table 3).

Tourist nights in Alexandria are highly concentrated in the period of July-September

and a notable decrease in tourist arrivals in winter can be noticed.

24

Table 3: Monthly Breakdown of Types of Tourists and Tourist

Nights in Alexandria (2006)

Source: Iraqi, 2007

Table (4) shows that the average tourist nights in the period 1992-2002 accounted for

1.9. This indicates that tourists in Alexandria are mainly interested in quick trips or in

other words one-day tours. This phenomenon has to be closely studied when

considering ways to develop Alexandria as a tourist destination and not a transit city.

Table 4: Number of hotels, rooms, tourists and average tourist nights in Alexandria

(strategic plan 2022).


25

Table (5) shows a monthly breakdown of tourist arrivals by main

points of entry in the period of 2009-2013. Before 2011, the numbers were

increasing, and then a downward slope took place.

Looking at the monthly breakdown, it becomes clear that tourists in 2009 were

concentrated mainly in the month of June to September, with the peak existing in

August. In 2010, the distribution did not follow a certain pattern, were fluctuations

occurred throughout the year with a peak in tourist flows existing in July. In 2011,

with the political instabilities the total number of tourist flows decreased with the

peak in January, March and July. In 2012, the season extended from July to

December, where a recovery in the tourist flow compared to 2011 could be noticed.

In 2013, starting from January an increase in the numbers could be detected till it

reached the peak in June. Since then a downward slope took place till December.

As an overall evaluation, it seems that July is on the top of the months in terms of

the density of tourist flows. In certain years, some compactness in the tourist flows in

January could be noticed.

Table 5: Monthly Breakdown of Tourist Arrivals by Main Points of Entry

Year

Month 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

January 9239 8232 11524 7502 12405

February 8600 10897 3623 8108 11128

March 7188 9789 11547 9934 13017

April 10238 11866 8853 9844 15059

May 8852 9985 6489 10322 16319

June 9494 15503 8877 14264 27670

July 13798 29133 11628 18378 11592

August 18231 11700 6303 12564 10034

September 13279 15163 8324 13050 9582

October 11641 13470 9420 14023 11318

November 9787 17041 7241 10875 6824

December 8456 14139 8142 10834 9364

Total 128803 166918 102071 139698 154312

Source: Central Agency For Public Mobilization and Statistics, Passports, Emigration

& Nationality Administration (Ministry of Interior), 2014.

26

The distribution of demand according to mostly visited areas in Alexandria: Figure (4) shows that the mostly visited parts in Alexandria are divided into three areas. The

first area (the city center) includes most of the cultural and historical sites like (Alexandria

Bibliotheca, Roman Theater and historical synagogue, churches and mosques). The second

area which is in the far east of the city contains the Royal Palace of Montazah, a huge park

with unique plants and ancient palm trees. The third area is the northern coast with its

marvelous beaches.

Figure 4: Map of Alexandria


Development of different areas to support the tourism sector: On the supply side, the Egyptian tourism sector as a whole has seen numerous

developments in different areas, such as marketing, infrastructure, and human

resources. Below is an overview of tourism development in Alexandria.

Tourism marketing

Alexandria ambience and cultural heritage with an exotic Orient Flavor, is truly captivating

and attracts travelers from all over the world. (Hassan, 2011)

In spite of the fact that Alexandria is a prime summer destination for domestic tourism and it

is a unique city by its culture and its nature, it has not been properly included on the map of

international tourism. The share of Alexandria is about 1.2% of the total international

tourism in Egypt, and this province has not received its fair share from marketing efforts at

the local, regional, and international level (Hassan, 2011). So Alexandria tourism market

depends mainly on the national and international tourism campaigns for Egypt as a whole.

27

Tourism development

The tourism sector in Alexandria depends mostly on the domestic tourist

market as international tourists, mostly from the Arab countries, are limited. Alexandria's

unique location on the Mediterranean as well as its various attractions, offer the city

tremendous potentials to draw various tourist segments, if the appropriate mix of services,

infrastructure, policies and marketing schemes are provided (Eiweida, 2007).

However, researches and interviews with the public and private sector in Alexandria

indicated that there are several structural weaknesses in the tourism sector of Alexandria.

The Governorate of Alexandria as well as the private sector is very keen on developing the

tourism sector as it creates employment opportunities, generates greater exports, and

improves the wealth of the city (Eiweida, 2007).

The Alexandria Tourism Development Strategy came with the following findings and

conclusions:

1- Hotel accommodation capacity is considered low regarding an important city like

Alexandria.

2- Only 1:2% of foreign tourists to Egypt visit Alexandria.

3- Both domestic and international hotel clients have a very short average length of stay, and

most of them are for business.

4- The annual expenditure of hotel clients is good, but could increase significantly if length of

stay increased and more culture and recreational activities were included.

The trend towards expanding tourism arrivals, bed-nights and tourism contribution to

Alexandria’s economy is growing faster than ever. Therefore, it is becoming more and more

important to increase the number of 5 stars hotels, improve services and facilities of all

existing hotels and focus on promotional efforts

Further, tourism and heritage sights need to be revived or made accessible.

Actions include the following:

1- Conservation of the available heritage.

2- Development of the eastern port and underwater monuments.

3- Using the fame of the Alexandria lighthouse for marketing purposes.

4- Development of new tourism and heritage sights.

Infrastructure efficiency

The quality of infrastructure is considered as one of the main factors determining the level of

attractiveness of any tourist destination. Infrastructure form an integral part of the tourism

package (B, 2009/2010). For instance, road infrastructure enhances accessibility of tourists to

different parts of the destination while airport infrastructure ensures that tourists

experience a comfortable transition from the plane into the borders of the destination

country and vice versa. Other infrastructure such as waste water and energy among others

are also believed to result in more reliable services and thus enhance the attractiveness of

the destination (B, 2009/2010).

Unfortunately, infrastructure in Alexandria is below requested level when compared with the

tourism demand in summer (peak season)

Alexandria is the second biggest province according to population after Cairo. Nearly 5

million residents live in Alexandria, in addition to not less than 2 million visitors annually

which are more than what a poor services and facilities city can handle (Ela, 2014).

28

According to the local council of the governorate, Alexandria receives 600

cars and buses during the summer, most of them coming from the

governorate of Lower Egypt. The number increases and exceeds a thousand on Thursdays,

Fridays and national holidays. The problem is that the streets of Alexandria were not

designed to accommodate even half the number.

Consequently, Alexandria suffers from traffic congestion all day and overcrowded beaches.

During holidays, the city welcomes thousands of tourists who are looking for a quick and

cheap trip; "One-day trips" (Ela, 2014). The one-day trips is a new phenomenon on

Alexandria as it's always been the destination of those who are seeking relaxation for few

days, usually a week. But the development of transportation system has led to a better

connection of the governorate with the others via a network of highways. This has changed

tourist destinations. People living around Delta, travel to more economic beaches such as

Baltim and Gamasa instead of Alexandria. Alexandria visitors' social background has changed

and led the middle class from the city to turn to western beaches in the north coast and

Marsa Matrouh where they seek privacy and calm.

Transportation is one of the main elements of tourism infrastructure. In Alexandria, means

of transportation include:

1- Airports: Alexandria is served by Alexandria International Airport (at Nozha; under

renovation) and Borg al Arab Airport which is located about 25 km (16 miles) away from city

center.

2- Highways: Alexandria is served by many highways, such as:

- The International coastal road. (Alexandria - port Said)

- The desert road. (Alexandria - Cairo)

- The Agricultural road. (Alexandria - Cairo)

- The Circular road.

- Ta'ameer road. (Alexandria - North Coast)

3- Rail: Alexandria's intercity commuter rail system extends from Misr Station (Alexandria's

primary intercity railway station) to Abu Qir, parallel to the tram line. The commuter

line's locomotives operate on diesel, as opposed to the overhead-electric tram.

4- Tram: An extensive tramway network was built in 1860 and is the oldest in Africa. The

tram network begins at Alraml district in the west and ends in the Victoria district in the

east. Most of the vehicles are blue in color. Some smaller vehicles colored in yellow have

further routes beyond the two main endpoints.

5- Buses: Alexandria has two kinds of buses:

- Public buses are operated by Alexandria Governorate's Agency for Public Passenger

Transport.

- Modern air conditioned red double-decker buses run the length of the Courniche.

6- Taxis: Taxis in Alexandria are yellow-and-black in color and are widely available. While

Egyptian law requires all cabs to carry meters, these generally do not work and fares must

be negotiated with the driver on either departure or arrival.

7- Minibuses: The minibus share taxi system, or mashrū` operates along well-known traffic

arteries. The routes can be identified by both their endpoints and the route between them.

8- Port: Alexandria hosts four harbors; namely the Western Harbor, which is the main harbor

of the country that handles about 60% of the country’s exports and imports, El Dekhiela

Harbor west of the Western Harbor, the Eastern Harbor which is a fishing and yachting

harbor, and Abu Qir Harbor at the northern east of the governorate. It is a commercial

harbor for general cargo and phosphates.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandria_International_Airport_(Egypt)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borg_El_Arab_Airport

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commuter_rail

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Railway_station

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Qir

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandria_Tram

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locomotives

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_locomotive

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Railway_electrification_system#Overhead_systems

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioned

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double-decker_bus

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taximeter

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minibus

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Share_taxi

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Share_taxi#Mashr.C5.AB.60

29

Accommodation units are also one of the main elements of tourism

infrastructure. According to "Discover Alex" website, Alexandria has more

than 80 hotel, only 38 of them are highly rated. Alexandria also has more than 1,195

Restaurant, and more than 80 tourist attractions (Anon., 2014).

The Governorate of Alexandria is investigating some projects to further develop the tourism

sector in partnership with the private sector (Husar, 2007, p. 22). The Alexandrian

Governorate has encouraged the Government of Egypt to request an investment project

from the World Bank to lay a first foundation towards achieving the commonly-defined long-

term vision for Alexandria by implementing key investments of the City Development

Strategy. The so-called Alexandria Development Project (ADP) is now under negotiations, is a

joint project between the Alexandria Governorate, Ministry of Housing and the Utilities and

Urban Development (Eiweida, 2007, p. 48). The aim of the project is the development of

Alexandria through strategic investments in infrastructure (Eiweida, 2007, p. 49).

Human resources

Alexandria Governorate is the second biggest urban settlement and capital of Egypt after

great Cairo. The area of Alexandria governorate is 2,680 square km. Alexandria’s

administration is structured as follows: the Governorate consists of three cities: Alexandria,

Borg El Arab City and Centre and New Borg El Arab, which was planned for 750,000

inhabitants. The city of Alexandria is divided into six districts, three local village units, and

five sub-village units. The main districts of the urban area are: Montazah, Eastern District,

Middle District, Western District, Customs District and Al Ameriah District. The Montazah

district is the most populated area in Alexandria and houses the 26 % of the city’s

population, while Borg El Arab houses 1.4% of the total population, being the least

populated district. The rural population is estimated to be 18.7% of the total governorate

population, located in Al Amria, Borg El Arab and other villages (Eldaidamony, 2011).

Estimated population Year

3 661 131 2002

3 724 360 2003

3 790 062 2004

3 855 993 2005

3 919 290 2006

4 164 750 2007

4 238 100 2008

4 316 741 2009

4 400 264 2010

4 471 305 2011

4 508 685 2012

Source: (CAPMAS, 2012)

Tourism is a labor-intensive industry and the employment generated by tourism is

considered large when compared with other sectors. It creates direct employment in

accommodation establishments and indirect employment in tourism-related industries, such

as restaurants, tour operators, shops and bazars, guides and transportation (Rady, 2002). The

following statistics are concerned with the labor force of the tourism industry in Egypt as a

whole (it was quite difficult to get those of Alexandria):

30

Total employment (,000) Direct employment (,000) Year

3725.5 1693.1 2007

3765.9 1699.9 2008

3645.6 1638.0 2009

3709.7 1676.9 2010

3120.6 1384.0 2011

3106.6 1375.5 2012

Source: (WTTC, 2013)

In order to raise the quality of human resources in the tourism field, tourism education and

training should focus on training personnel who come in direct contact with the visitors; such

as hotel staff, restaurants, tour operators and tour guides. There are many other fields

related to tourist services, such as transportation, banks, clinics, that require training to raise

their tourism awareness. There are two universities; Alexandria and Farous that offer tourism

education through their faculties of tourism and hotels. In addition there are many Technical

institutes that offer tourism – related courses, such as tourism studies, hotel management

and tour guide. There are three categories of technical institutes. The first one accepts

enrolment of students who finish secondary school and the study period is four years. The

second category of technical institutes is similar to the first one, except that the study period

is two years. The third category accepts students who finish preparatory school, and the

study period is five years (Rady, 2002).

Estimated numbers of students studying tourism and hotels courses

2011 2010 2009 Students enrolled in

17 491 17 907 13 858 Faculties of tourism and hotels all over Egypt

22 186 21 321 18 925 High institutes and Academies of tourism and hotels

all over Egypt

2 938 2 980 2 465 Technical institutes of tourism and hotels all over

Egypt


Estimated numbers of graduates studied tourism and hotels courses

2011 2010 2009 Graduates graduated from

3 365 3 732 3 863

Faculties of tourism and hotels all over Egypt

5 083 5 411 7 106 High institutes and Academies of tourism and hotels

all over Egypt

1 467 1 403 1 344 Technical institutes of tourism and hotels all over

Egypt


31

Potentials of new Types of Tourism in Alexandria Tourism in Alexandria is mainly concentrated on cultural and beach tourism, while there are

many other potentials that could be used in creating new activities and new types of tourism

in Alexandria (Alex bank, 2010):

Dark tourism:

This type of tourism includes traveling to places such as sites, attractions and events linked in

one way or another with death, suffering, violence, or disaster. Examples of dark tourism are

today visible and clear in Iraq, Afghanistan, Palestine, and Israel (Isaac,R.,2012).

Dark tourism could be developed in “Al-quediseen “ church at sidi-bishr where the attack on

Coptic Christians in Alexandria, January 2011 had happened , twenty three people died as a

result of the attack, which occurred as Christian worshipers were leaving a new year service ,

Some 97 more were injured. The explosion resulted in scattered body parts, destroyed cars

and smashed windows

Tombs of the Copts in Borg el-Arab where the church victims had buried could be a dark

tourism destination as well.

All other ancient Greco-Roman Tombs (Kom Elshoqafa-Kom El Dekka-Elshatby-Moustafa

Kamel –tombs) can also be put on a specific route with the previously mentioned ones in

order to market Alexandria as a dark tourism destination.

Roots tourism:

This type of tourism could be improved for foreign communities (mainly from Greece and

Italy) whose relatives and friends used to live in Alexandria, they tend to visit Alexandria

from time to time (Barrado,D.,2011; Nassar,N.,2009) .

Sports tourism:

Alexandria has a plenty of sport clubs with various sports games, which host other clubs

through the different competitions held all over the year, while this kind of tourism need to

be improved and well promoted (Barrado,D.,2011; Giorgio,A.,2009) , for example Sporting

club, Smouha club and Etihad club

Golf tourism could be developed in Alexandria by using huge empty spaces in Borg El-

Arab.Diving and hunting activities could be applied in the area of Nilson Island in Abuqier

and at the lake of Marioutt .In addition, Yachting Club can reactivate its important role as an

international organizer for fishing competitions.

Unfortunately, Lake Marioutt has become over time a repository of industrial, agricultural

and sanitary water discharge, and is now the cause of many environmental threats in the city

and the delta region generally.(araburban.org) Therefore this Lake needs to be cleaned up

and prepared for those activities .

Business tourism:

Business tourism includes visitors participating in charity events, governmental meetings &

conferences, Incentive travel, Exhibitions and trade shows.. (Strategic Action Plan for Tourism

in England, 2010).

Alexandria is considered as an important sea port on the Mediterranean Sea, and as a

commercial industrial center as well, where businessmen travel could across the country for

trade or for spending holidays even in winter or summer in order to attend commercial and

industrial exhibitions (Barrado, D., 2011).

32

Residential tourism:

This is a specific type of tourism in which tourists choose non-hotel

accommodations for their stays, these accommodations usually involve an owned, rented

property, or timeshare (Sesena,J.,2004).

This type of tourism could be applied in Alexandria by renting houses of local people which

will come with benefits to local community as well.

Back-stage tourism:

It is a sort of cultural heritage tourism that can encourage the establishment of traditions

and the restoration of historic sites and monuments. But its role is extended than just being

a monument oriented tourism, it is an experience of what can be behind the scenes. Who

lived in these monuments, their traditions, life style, actions and characters and all stories

told by locals narrated by their ancestors. It is an enjoyable and educational way to get in

contact with the local people and learn about their community’s heritage. It is not only

connected to the past but, it also to explores the present culture and way of life.

It is about taking walks and doing a lot of “foot walks” in the evening around the back streets

of the tourist destination to see the true style of the resident’s way of life, to explore some of

the main holiday activities taken by them. ( Novelli, 2005; Nassar,N.,2009).

This type of tourism could be applied and developed in many historical places in Alexandria,

but needs raising the local people awareness about importance of tourism and benefits that

return to them.

Event tourism:

Alexandria could be a strong destination for event tourism, as there are some international

festivals held annually in Alexandria, and the Opera house could be an important destination

for tourists.

Alexandria could be a destination for holding conferences as well, as there are the

conference Centre in Bibliotheca Alexandrina and conference centers of 5star hotels.

Yacht tourism:

This type of tourism could be applied in Alexandria by using the Alexandria port and yacht

club in Bahari.

Authentic tourism:

There is a growing desire to obtain experiences and products that are original and the real

thing, not contaminated by being fake or impure (Yeomana,I..Al.,2007) this type of tourism

could be developed at Borg El-Arab as there are Bedouins people living there with their

authentic life style .

Music Tourism

The fact that the famous musician "Sayed Darwish" (March 17, 1892 – September 15, 1923 )

was born and lived in Alexandria can be invested in organizing music concerts for famous

Egyptian and Arab singers over a specific month yearly where musician, audience all over

the world, sponsors…etc can meat under one roof (Sayed Darwish Opera House).

33

Urban Tourism Trends of the historical center (Al-Raml Station -Downtown) Al-Raml Station is an important neighbourhood in Alexandria, Egypt. It is considered as the

city center and the main shopping area. It is one of the primary centers for tourism, retail,

and entertainment in the city and contains the main station of the Alexandria Tram.

One of the defining features of Al-Raml Station (Mahatet el-Raml) is the specialization of

vendors along certain streets (e.g. sellers of electrical and electronic equipment congregate

in Nabi Danial Street). These vendors also attract tourists, helped by the presence of several

hotels, including international chains such as Sofitel, restaurants, and other entertainment

and nightlife. The Alexandria Opera House and Alexandria Creativity Center, venues for

traditional and non-traditional performing arts respectively, are also located in the district.

1- History: Al-Raml Station is the old city of Alexandria. All the history of Alexandria began in this

district; with its great lighthouse, one of the seven wonders of the ancient world, the Temple

of Serapis, the Serapion, which was part of the legendary library among other sites.

The Founding of the City

After conquering Syria in 332 BCE, Alexander the Great swept down into Egypt with his

army. He founded Alexandria in the small port town of Rhakotis by the sea and set about the

task of turning it into a great capital. He designed the plan for the city which was so greatly

admired later by the historian Strabo (63 BCE-21CE) who wrote,

"The city has magnificent public precincts and royal palaces which cover a fourth or even a

third of the entire area. For just as each of the kings would, from a love of splendor, add

some ornament to the public monuments, so he would provide himself at his own expense

with a residence in addition to those already standing".

The palaces and grand homes Strabo mentions did not exist at the time Alexander founded

the city. Although he was greatly admired by the Egyptians (and was even declared a demi-

god by the Oracle at Siwa), Alexander left Egypt only a few months after his arrival to march

on Tyre in Phoenicia. It was left to his commander, Cleomenes, to build the city Alexander

had envisioned. While Cleomenes accomplished a great deal, the full expansion of

Alexandria came under the rule of Alexander’s general Ptolemy and the rule of the

Ptolemaic Dynasty (332-30 BCE) which followed. After Alexander’s death in 323 BCE,

Ptolemy brought his body back to Alexandria to be entombed and, following the wars of the

Diodachi, began rule of Egypt from Alexandria, supplanting the old capital of Memphis. The

historian and scholar Mangasarian writes,

“Under the Ptolemies, a line of Greek kings, Alexandria soon sprang into eminence, and,

accumulating culture and wealth became the most powerful metropolis of the Orient.

Serving as the port of Europe, it attracted the lucrative trade of India and Arabia. Its markets

were enriched with the gorgeous silks and fabrics from the bazaars of the Orient. Wealth

brought leisure, and it, in turn, the arts. It became, in time, the home of a wonderful library

and schools of philosophy, representing all the phases and the most delicate shades of

thought. At one time it was the general belief that the mantle of Athens had fallen upon the

shoulders of Alexandria."

http://www.ancient.eu.com/conquer/

http://www.ancient.eu.com/syria/

http://www.ancient.eu.com/Alexander_the_Great/

http://www.ancient.eu.com/Tyre/

http://www.ancient.eu.com/phoenicia/

http://www.ancient.eu.com/war/

http://www.ancient.eu.com/greek/

http://www.ancient.eu.com/europe/

http://www.ancient.eu.com/india/

http://www.ancient.eu.com/Arabia/

http://www.ancient.eu.com/philosophy/

http://www.ancient.eu.com/Athens/

34

The city grew to become the largest in the known world at the time,

attracting scholars, scientists, philosophers, mathematicians, artists, and

historians. Eratosthenes (c.276-194 BC) calculated the circumference of the earth to within

50 miles (80 km) at Alexandria. Euclid taught at the university there. Archimedes (287-212

BC) the great mathematician and astronomer may have taught there and was certainly

studied there. The greatest engineer and mathematician of his day, Hero (also known as

Heron, 10-70 CE) was born and lived in Alexandria. Hero was credited with amazing feats in

engineering and technology including the first vending machine, the force-pump, and a

theatre of automated figures who danced, among his other inventions.

The City under Rome

Following Caesar’s assassination in 44 BCE, his right-hand man, Marcus Antonius (Mark

Antony) became Cleopatra’s consort and left Rome for Alexandria. The city became his base

of operations over the next thirteen years until he and Cleopatra were defeated

by Octavian Caesar at the Battle of Actium in 31 BCE. The next year, Cleopatra and Antony

both committed suicide and, with her death, the Ptolemaic line came to an end. Octavian

became first emperor of Rome and took the title `Augustus’. Alexandria now became a

simple province of the Roman Empire under the rule of Augustus Caesar.

Augustus consolidated his power in the provinces and had Alexandria restored. Scholars who

argue against Julius Caesar’s role in the burning of the great library point to the fact that

there is evidence it was still extant under the reign of Augustus and that visitors were still

attracted to the city as a seat of learning. Alexandria was again ruined in 115 CE in the Kitos

War and was again restored, this time by the EmperorHadrian, who, as a man of learning,

took great interest in Alexandria. According to tradition, the Greek Septuagint (the Greek

translation of the Bible) was composed in Alexandria, completed in 132 CE, in order that it

could take its place among the great books of the library in the city. Religious scholars were

said to frequent the library for research and Alexandria had long attracted people of many

different faiths who vied for dominance in the city. Under Augustus’ reign there were

disputes between Jews and pagans and, asChristianity grew in popularity, the Christians

added to the public unrest. After the Roman emperorConstantine the Great (272-337 CE)

passed the Edict of Milan in 313 CE (decreeing religious tolerance), Christians were no longer

liable for prosecution under the law and began to not only demand more religious rights, but

more vociferously attack the pagans and the Jews.

Christianity and the Decline of Alexandria

Alexandria, which had been a city of prosperity and learning, became an arena of religious

contention between the new faith of the Christians and the old faith of the pagan majority.

The Christians increasingly felt bold enough to strike at the symbols of the old faith in an

attempt to topple it.

Under the reign of Theodosius I (347-395 CE) paganism was outlawed and Christianity

encouraged. In 391 CE the Christian Patriarch Theophilus followed Theodosius’ lead and had

all the pagan temples in Alexandria destroyed or converted into churches. By the year 400

CE Alexandria was in constant religious turmoil and, in 415 CE, this resulted in the murder of

the Neo-Platonic philosopher Hypatia and, according to some scholars, the burning of the

great library and the complete destruction of the temple of Serapis. Alexandria declined

rapidly after this date with scholars, scientists, and thinkers of all disciplines leaving the city

for safer locales.

Formattato: Giustificato

http://www.ancient.eu.com/Eratosthenes/

http://www.ancient.eu.com/Archimedes/

http://www.ancient.eu.com/Marcus_Antonius/

http://www.ancient.eu.com/Mark_Antony/

http://www.ancient.eu.com/Mark_Antony/

http://www.ancient.eu.com/octavian/

http://www.ancient.eu.com/Roman/

http://www.ancient.eu.com/empire/

http://www.ancient.eu.com/augustus/

http://www.ancient.eu.com/hadrian/

http://www.ancient.eu.com/bible/

http://www.ancient.eu.com/christianity/

http://www.ancient.eu.com/Roman_Emperor/

35

The city became steadily impoverished after the rise of Christianity, both

financially and culturally, and became increasingly a battlefield for

warring faiths. It was conquered by the Sassanid Persians in 619 CE. The Christian Byzantine

Empire under Heraclius re-claimed the city in 628 CE but lost it to the invading Arab Muslims

under Caliph Umar in 641 CE. The forces of the Christian Byzantines and the Muslim Arabs

then fought for control of the city, and Egypt, until the Arabian forces prevailed in 646 CE

and Egypt fell under Islamic rule.

What was not destroyed by war was taken down by nature and, by 1323 CE, most of

Ptolemaic Alexandria was gone. The great lighthouse was steadily destroyed by earthquakes

as was much of the port. In 1994 the first discoveries were made known of a number of

relics, statuary, and buildings in the harbor of Alexandria

2- Location: Al-Raml Station is a neighbourhood in Alexandria governorate. It belongs to Al-Gomrok

district (Customs district). It is considered the main downtown for Alexandria. It is one of the

primary centers for tourism, retail and entertainment in the city.

3- Types of tourism: As previously mentioned, Al-Raml Station is the old city of Alexandria. It is considered as one

of the primary centers for tourism and entertainment in the city, because it is so near to

most of the attractions and entertainment facilities. There are several types of tourism,

that's applied in the area, such as:

- Archaeological and heritage tourism: the area contains many historical sites and

museums.

- Leisure tourism: Al-Raml station is also considered as one of the primary centers for

entertainment and recreation in Alexandria. It offers many theatres, cinemas, restaurants,

cafes and many shops.

-Religious tourism: The Area contains many famous and historical mosques and churches,

like Al-Naby Danial Mosque, el Morsy Abou Elabbas Mosque and the Coptic Cathedral

- Yacht tourism: there is a yacht club that organizes yachting and fishing competition

regularly.

4- Climate: Al-Raml station is one of the neighbourhoods of Al-Gomrok district (Customs District), which

is one of the big districts of Alexandria governorate, so the climate of Al-Raml station is the

same climate of Alexandria as a whole.

The prevailing north wind, blowing across the Mediterranean, gives Alexandria a markedly

different climate from that of the desert hinterland. Summers are relatively temperate,

although humidity levels arise in July and August, the hottest month, when the average

temperature reaches 87 °F (31 °C). Winters are cool and invariably marked by a series of

violent storms that can bring torrential rain and even hail. The mean daily temperature

in January, which is the coldest month, is 64 °F (18 °C).

http://www.ancient.eu.com/Sassanid/

http://www.ancient.eu.com/Byzantine_Empire/

http://www.ancient.eu.com/Byzantine_Empire/

http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/300493/January

36

5- Demographics: As Al-Raml station is one of the neighbourhoods of Al-Gomrok district

(Customs District), which is one of the big districts of Alexandria governorate. It has

population of more than 500 thousands in this area.

6- Facilities and services: Al-Raml Station is considered the main downtown for Alexandria, because it contains most

of the facilities and services in Alexandria. Here is a list for all types of facilities and services

that Al-Raml Station has:

Accommodation Facilities:

Level of usability

Organization Knowledge of it

Accessibility Status Hotel Name

Hard Easy

Working Hours: 24 H

private Famous (****) Sofitel Alex Cecil Hotel

Working Hours: 24 H

private Famous (****) Paradise Inn Windsor Palace Hotel

Working Hours: 24 H

private Famous (***) Paradise Inn Metropole

Working Hours: 24 H

private Unknown (**) Sea Star Hotel

Working Hours: 24 H

private Unknown )**( Union Hotel

Working Hours: 24 H

private Unknown )**( Crillon Hotel

Working Hours: 24 H

private Unknown )**( New Capri Hotel

Working Hours: 24 H

private Unknown (*) New Hotel

Working Hours: 24 H

private Not so famous

(*) Acropole Hotel

Working Hours: 24 H

private Unknown (*) Normandy Hotel

Working Hours: 24 H

private Unknown )*( Fouad Hotel

37

Working Hours: 24 H

private Unknown )*( Misr Hotel

Working Hours: 24 H

private Unknown )*( Philip House

Working Hours: 24 H

private Unknown )*( Hide Park Hotel

Working Hours: 24 H

famous )*( Semiramis Hotel

Working Hours: 24 H

private Not so famous

)*( Triumph Hotel

Working Hours: 24 H

private Unknown )*( Le Roi Hotel

Working Hours: 24 H

private Unknown )*( Borg El Thaghr Hotel

Restaurants:

Level of usability

Knowledge of it

Accessibility Status Restaurant Name

Hard Easy

Working Hours: 24 H

International chain

Not so famous

fast food Bistrot Cafe

Working Hours: 9 am - 2 am

International chain

famous fast food KFC

Working Hours: 24 H

International chain

famous fast food Pizza Hut

Working Hours: 24 H

International chain

Not so famous

fast food Tazaj

_ Local chain Not so famous

fast food Mo'men


International chain

famous fast food Mcdonald's

_ International famous fast food Little

38

chain Caesars Pizza

_ private Not so famous

Seafood Denis Restaurant


Seafood Asteria


private famous Bakeries & Pastry shop

Santa Lucia Patisserie

Working Hours: 24 H

private Unknown French restaurant

Le Plat D'or Restaurant

Working Hours: 24 H

private Unknown International restaurant

King Edward Restaurant

Working Hours: 24 H

private famous International restaurant

Athineos


International restaurant

Calithea

_ International chain

famous French restaurant

Trianon

_ private Unknown International restaurant

Sea Star Restaurant

_ private Unknown French restaurant

Union Restaurant


Crillon Restaurant


Versaile

Working Hours: 24 H

Local chain Famous Egyptian restaurant

Gad Restaurants

Working Hours: 24 H

Local chain Famous Egyptian restaurant

Foul Mohamed Ahmed

_ private Unknown Egyptian restaurant

El Fayrouz


Aamer

_ private Not to Egyptian El Sayed

39

famous restaurant Darwish Restaurant

_ private Not to famous

Egyptian restaurant

Omar El Khayam Restaurant


El Sabaa Restaurant


Abou Naser Restaurant

_ private Not to famous

Egyptian restaurant

Coffee Roastery

_ Local chain Famous Egyptian restaurant

Abou Rabie

_ Local chain Not to famous

Egyptian restaurant

El Waheed

_ Local chain Not to famous

Egyptian restaurant

Abu Akram B B Q

Hospitals:

Level of usability

organization Knowledge of it

Accessibility Status Hospital Name

Hard Easy _ private Known Medical

clinic

Abou Shousha Specialized Center For Eyes

_ private Known Hospital Alex. Poison Center

_ private Known Medical center

Ibrahim Abdel Salam Mokhles

_ private Known Hospital Maternateih El Sahwi Hospital

_ private Known Hospital El Salam Specialized Hospital

_ private Known Hospital Kasr El Hekma Hospital

_ private Known Medical clinic

Dar El Khosoba

Currency exchange office:

Level of usability

Knowledge of it

Accessibility Status Office Name

40

Hard Easy _ private Known _ El Amira

_ private Known _ Alexandria Exchange Co.

private Known _ El Islameya Exchange

_ private Known _ New Sphinx For Exchange

_ private Known _ Nile Exchange Co.

Transportation facilities:

Level of usability

Knowledge of it

Accessibility Status company Name

Hard Easy

Working Hours: 10 am - 10 pm

private Known _ Limousine Alexandria

_ private Known _ El Masry For Car Rent

_ private Known _ Fast Tours

7- Tourism demand and supply: On the supply side, Al-Raml station has a lot of different types of attractions, which attract

great numbers of local visitors and a good number of international tourists. In spite of the

fact that Alexandria is a prime summer destination for domestic tourism and it is a unique

city by its culture and its nature, it has not been properly included on the map of

international tourism. The share of Alexandria is about 1.2% of the total of international

tourism in Egypt, and this province has not received its fair share from marketing efforts at

the local, regional, and international level (Hssan, 2011). So Alexandria tourism market

depends mainly on the national and international tourism campaign for Egypt as a whole.

And about Infrastructure in Al-Raml Station, it is below requested level when compared with

the tourism demand, especially, in the summer (peak season).

41

On the demand side, Al-Raml Station is considered as one of the primary centers for tourism

and entertainment in the city, so it attracts great numbers of local tourists esp. in summer,

and a good number of international tourists, especially, in winter. The number of tourists

visiting attractions in Al-raml station district has been recorded as follows:

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Kom el shokafa

159908 117573 40425 43874 24448

Roman theatre

135256 111492 41261 40001 22240

Pompey's pillar

142215 157446 42652 51191 31396

Birds House

1777 3907 2410 3037 1453

Anfushi Tombs

1332 1293 614 823 720

Elshatby Tombs

519 411 424 572 444

Total 441007 392122 127786 139498 80701

42

A synchronic study of the comparative analysis between historical centers and

the national data.

43

Gover. Cairo Luxor Aswan Saint Catherine Minia Alexandria

Location

- Political capital of Arabic Republic of Egypt. Is located on the East Bank of the Nile River along 41.542 km and is bordered to the North and East, Qaliubiya, South and West, the provinces of Helwan, Giza, from East Suez.

It is located 635 km south of Cairo. It is currently the smallest governorate in Egypt, spanning approximately 5 km from north to south, and 1.5 km from east to west, and lies in Upper Egypt along the Nile.

Aswan Governorate lies in the south of Egypt, and is bordered in the North by Qena governorate, in the East by the Red Sea governorate, in the West by the New Valley governorate, and in the South by Sudan.

It is located at the outskirts of El-Tur Mountains at an elevation of 1,586 m (5,203 ft), 120 km away from Nuweiba, at the foot of Mount Sinai and the Saint Catherine's Monastery.

Minya is located approximately 245 km (152 mi) south of Cairo on the western bank of the Nile River, which flows north through the city

The city lies on the Mediterranean Sea at the western edge of the Nile River delta, about 114 miles (183 km) northwest of Cairo in Lower Egypt.

Area

Area: 83 square miles (214 square km)

- Total area is 2409.68 km2, representing 0.24% of the country's area.

- Total area: 62726.00 Km2.

Elevation of 1,586 m Coordinates: 28° 33' ; 33° 56'

- Total area:

32,279 km²

- Percentage to total

area of Egypt: 3.2%.

The region of Alexandria area is 224,900 square km, which represents 22.5 % of Egypt’s area.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cairo

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypt

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upper_Egypt

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nile

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El-Tur

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuweiba

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Sinai

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Sinai

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Catherine%27s_Monastery




http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nile_River

http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/372694/Mediterranean-Sea

http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/415347/Nile-River

http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/415347/Nile-River

http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/88520/Cairo


44

Cairo Luxor Aswan Saint Catherine Minia Alexandria

Demographic

Cairo has a population of 20 million, 787, 000 by 10.73 percent of the population of Egypt

In 2012 the population was 1,064,000 people, 47.4% of them lived in urban areas, while 52.6% lived in rural areas. The annual population growth rate is 18.2 per thousand.

Its population accounts for about 275000. It has a large population of Nubian People, mostly resettled from their homeland in the area flooded by Lake Nasser.

The population of the city is expected to increase from 4,603 to 17,378 in 2017. - The traditional people of the area are the Jebeliya Bedouin - who have been living in the region since the foundation of St. Katherine's Monastery. They are of Eastern European origin

- Population:

around 4.2

million

- Population

density: 115

people/km²

- Alexandria has more than 4 million (mostly Egyptian) residents.

Climate

- Cairo's climate is a desert climate, which remains mostly dry and arid year round. Cairo weather in the summertime (May to August) sees temperatures of 45 to 47 °C. Average daily Cairo January temperature: 9°C

Luxor is amongst the cities in Egypt with the hottest summer days. Rainfall in Luxor is rare. The summer (June-August) has the daily mean of 32°C and in winter the daily mean is 15°C.

Aswan weather remains hot and dry year round. Summer is arguably the most unbearable with temperatures reaching up to 51°C. Winter provides mild relief from the heat with temperatures dropping down to 35 to 39°C.

- Its climate is classified as hot desert (BWh). It has the coldest nights of any other city in Egypt. - Refreshing cool summer nights and excellent spring, while winter days are pretty cold and the nights could reach −14 °C (7 °F).

- Continental climate. chilly cold winter weather, and very hot but non-humid summers. Temperatures in summer could reach 40 °C while winter temperatures drop to below 0 °C levels at night.

- During winter time the weather is fairly warm and sunny in Alexandria. The average temperature of daytime fluctuates between 20°C to 22°C, nighttime temperature becomes colder with 10°C. - I n summer, the average high frequently climbs to mid-thirties while the low stands around 30°C.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_desert_climate

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_desert_climate

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Egypt

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summer

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winter

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continental_climate

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continental_climate

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winter

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summer

45


Economy

Cairo is Egypt`s industrial and services center.

The economy of Luxor, like that of many other Egyptian cities, is heavily dependent upon tourism. Large numbers of people also work in agriculture, particularly sugarcane.

Agriculture is the main activity in the governorate, which is famous for growing sugar-cane, hibiscus, wheat, dates and henna. The governorate contributes as well to industry, most important industries include: sugar, chemicals fertilizers, phosphate..etc

It relies on tourism with some agricultural activities.

Minya Governorate is an important agricultural and industrial region. The public sector predominates in industry, controlling most of the production of capital and intermediate goods. The private sector is active in manufacturing of consumer goods, particularly in small enterprises in and around the city. Although rich in

history, tourism plays a trivial role in the economy of Minya due to the violence that dominated the area in the 1990s

- Alexandria is also its principal seaport and a major industrial centre.

- Manufacturing, finance,

and other services.

- Agriculture is an important economic activity in the hinterland,

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugarcane

46


Education and manpower

- The state system is divided into primary, preparatory, and secondary schools, and advanced education is available in university faculties and technical institutes.


In 1999, South Valley University was inaugurated and it has three branches; Aswan, Qena and Hurghada. It was the first university in Upper.The university is now considered as a major institution of higher education in Upper Egypt.

(75.1%) of Saint Catherine's population is formed of Jebeliya Bedouins, while the rest are Egyptians, Greeks, Russians and western Europeans



Types of tourism

- Cultural Tourism - Religious Tourism - Sports Tourism - Recreational Tourism - Environmental Tourism - Safari Tourism - Conferences Tourism - Therapeutic Tourism

Mainly Cultural tourism (pharaonic) with some recreational and sports Tourism.

Mainly cultural and medical tourism.

- Cultural tourism - Religious Tourism - Therapeutic tourism - Eco-tourism

- Mainly Cultural tourism. The city was the focus of many Kingdoms from pharaonic to modern history for its fertile land and being the center of trade.

- Cultural Tourism - Religious Tourism - Sports Tourism - Leisure Tourism - Environmental Tourism - Shopping Tourism - Conferences Tourism - Therapeutic Tourism

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Valley_University

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Valley_University

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qena

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurghada

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurghada

47


Tourist Activities

A wide range of tourist activities, shopping malls, fun parks, camel riding in Sakkara, sound and light by the pyramids, souvenir shopping in Khan el Khalili and night life.

- Karnak Sound and Light - Air Balloons - Nile trip by Felucca sailing boat - Safari - Horse Carriage - Camel riding - Water sports Events In February each year a marathon is held on the West Bank

- Sound and Light show - Nile trip by Felucca sailing boat. - Horse Carriage

- Nice walks around Bazaars with their little shops.

- The region is a UNESCO World Heritage Area - Climbing Mousa Mountain - Safaris - Eco-tourism activities.

- A range of cultural monuments around the city.

- A wide range of tourism activities focusing on recreational tourism in the summer with sun, sand and sea. - Several cultural monuments.

Historical places

- Pyramids and Sakkara - Al-Muizz Street - Cetadel - Khan El-Khalili

Cemeteries, Memorials and Tombs - Valley of The Kings,Memorial Temple of Hatshepsut, Medinat Habu - Karnak, Amun Temple Enclosure, Tomps of the Nobles, Luxor Temple, Valley of the Queens, The Ramesseum, Deir Al-Medina - Temple of Seti I Museums & Galleries - Luxor Museum Landmarks and Monuments - Colossi of Memnon

- Wadi Allaqi national park - Abu Simbel

- Aswan Dam

- Elephantine

Philae

There are over 200 religious places and other important monasteries and churches, ruins of Byzantine monastic settlements. Mountains with spectacular views, amazing rock formations and landscape. Some examples of tourist attractions:

- Chapel of St. Katherine - Monastery of the Forty Martyrs - Palace of Abbas Hilmi I. Pasha,

- The city is divided into North city, City center and Southern outskirts with related historical sites. Some examples of historical sites are: - Amarna - Tuna el Gebel - Great Temple of the Aten - Workmen's Village, Amarna - Northern Palace (Amarna)

- The library of Alexandria - Fort Qaitbey - The Montazah Gardens and Palaces - The Catacombs (Kom el Shqafa) - Pompey's Pillar - The Roman Amphitheater - Greco-Roman Museum of Alexandria - Al Mursi Abu Al Abbas Mosque

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wadi_Allaqi

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wadi_Allaqi

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Simbel

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aswan_Dam

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elephantine

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philae

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Temple_of_the_Aten

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Temple_of_the_Aten

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Workmen%27s_Village,_Amarna

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Workmen%27s_Village,_Amarna

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Palace_(Amarna)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Palace_(Amarna)

48


Infrastructure

- Cairo has an extensive road network, rail system, subway system and maritime services with Cairo international airport. - half of the nation's hospital beds and universities

- several ferry services - A bridge was opened in 1998, allowing ready land access from the east bank to the west bank. - Tourists often rely on horse carriages, called "calèches," for transport or tours around the city. - Taxis and local buses are also available.

- low quality medical services

- gas, electricity and pure water services are available

- Aswan is served by the Aswan International Airport. Train and bus service is also available. Taxi and rickshaw are used for transport here.



- minibus station and bus station - Small international airport, St. Catherine International Airport, at present only used by the military.



- Rail, buses, mini-buses and taxis.



Alexandria is accessible

by flight with El-Nozha

Airoport near the

center or with Borg El-

Arab Airoport (50 km

from Alexandria).

It's also accessible by

train with the Masr

station and the Sidi

Gaber station.

- private Autobus

station with three

companies

- Taxis and public buses

are also available.

- Alexandrians receive

medical services at a

number of private and

public clinics and

hospitals.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rail_system

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rail_system

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapid_transit

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapid_transit

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aswan_International_Airport



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Catherine_International_Airport

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Catherine_International_Airport

49


Tourism Facilities (Supra-structure)

- A wide range of hotels with different categories, restaurants, malls and souvenir shops.

- A number of restaurants and cafes serving different cuisines, in addition to self- catering restaurants. - Numerous souvenirs and arts & crafts shops. - A wide range of hotels with different categories.

- A wide range of hotels with different categories, restaurants and souvenir shops.

- a small number of hotels.

- a few number of low budget hotels

A wide range of hotels with different categories, restaurants and souvenir shops.

Number of tourists (2013)

2165570 1027600

648242 170550(whole South Sinai)

6456 300251

50

SWOT Analysis for the potentials of the Governorates as touristic destinations


Weaknesses

- Air and water

pollution

- Traffic congestions.

Political instabilities.

- Lack of a clear

tourism strategy and

marketing activities.

- High temperatures the

year long

- More attention should

be given to services like

medical care.

- More preservation

should be devoted to

cultural heritage.

- Lack of cooperation

between local authorities.

- More attention should

be given to manpower

serving the tourism field.

- lack of social and

economic development

strategies for the

governorate

- Lack of high quality

services &

Infrastructure.

- More preservation


cultural heritage.


between local

authorities.

- lack of attention to

economic and social

problems of the

population and

manpower serving the

tourism industry.


economic

development

strategies for the

governorate

Lack of high quality

services &

Infrastructure


between local

authorities.

- lack of security

services in the

mountains

lack of attention to

economic and social

problems of the

population

- lack of educational

and training services to

qualify tourism

manpower.



strategies for the

governorate

Lack of high quality

services &

Infrastructure


between local

authorities.

- Few international

cultural events

- weak promotional

activities.

- lack of qualified

tourism-related

manpower.

- lack of educational

and training services to

qualify tourism

manpower.


economic

development

strategies for the

governorate

- Few international cultural

events

- Weak promoting &

marketing activities

- No clear tourism strategy

- Weak cooperation with

other tourist-attracting

governorates

- Lack of coordination

between the people / Local

Authorities / Tourism

groups / Tourism providers

- Lack of tourist information

points

- Random development on

the coastal zone to increase

economic capital

- Water pollution due to the

increased number of ships

-Lack of Basic services &

Infrastructure

51


Strength

- a wide range of

tourist activities.

- a stable

infrastructure

- a wide range of

transportation

services.

- a wide range of

tourist services( e.g

accommodation)

- Availability of

manpower.

- a wide range of

cultural events.

- A high percentage of

tourist traffic

- A wide range of

historical places

- a stable transportation

network

- well developed tourist

facilities

- beautiful scenery

-a variety of economic

activities


tourist traffic

- A wide range of

historical places

- a stable

transportation

network

- well developed

tourist facilities

- beautiful scenery

-a variety of economic

activities


tourist traffic

- UNESCO World

Heritage Area.

- a wide range of

cultural and religious

attractions.

- A number of

historical places.

- a number of

economic activities

- A variety of commercial &

financial activities

- Alexandria Bibliotheca with 3

million visitors a year

- The city witnessed three

different religious communities

(Judaic, Christian, Muslim)

which richen

its culture and heritage

- A very old city with different

urban structures in different

eras.

- A wide range of tourist

facilities

- A wide range of tourist

activities

- a developed transportation

network

- its position at the

Mediterranean sea with

beautiful scenery and resorts.

- Availability of labor forces

52


Threats

- competition from

neighboring

countries

- an urgent need for

supervision of

service quality

control.

- The economy of the

governorate is highly

sensitive to fluctuations

in tourist demand.

- Minor social and


of the population.

- More preservation


tourist attractions.

- Minor social and

economic

development of the

population.

- More preservation

should be devoted

to tourist

attractions.

- security issues in

the mountains

- The economy of the

governorate is highly

sensitive to

fluctuations in tourist

demand.

- More preservation


tourist attractions.

- Social and economic

problems of the

population

- competition from

neighboring

governorates

- lack of tourism

awareness

- Social and

economic

problems of the

population

- Degradation of the

natural environment

- Lack of institutional

framework for the control

of the land uses

- Change of the coastline

due to waves of erosion

and sedimentation

- Increased competition

between different tourist

destinations

- Tourism is a seasonal

activity

- Unstable political

situation in the region

53


Opportunities

- a rich historical

and cultural

heritage.

- an opportunity

for international

collaboration in

archeological field

- a stable basis of

academic

manpower

- local and private

sector investment

opportunities in

the tourism field.

- New projects directed

to tourism facilities and

infrastructure.

A controversial tourism

development plan aims

to transform Luxor into

a vast open-air

museum. The master

plan envisions new

roads, five-star hotels,

glitzy shops, and an

IMAX theatre. The main

attraction is an 11

million dollar project to

unearth and restore the

2.7 kilometres (1.7 mi)

long Avenue of

Sphinxes that once

linked Luxor and Karnak

temples.

- The eye of the

world is directed

towards the

historical places of

the city.

- Many opportunities

for economic and

social development

of – More attention

should be given to

heritage

preservation.

- Opportunities for

new tourism types

creation.

- Opportunities for

eco-tourism activities

and volunteer

tourism.

- Opportunities for

tourism projects to

develop

infrastructure and

services.

- Undiscovered

tourism

potentials.

- Opportunities

for new types of

tourism.

- Revitalization of the city

center,

- Expansion of the port

- Underwater museum of

archeological discoveries

- promoting an

archaeological excavation

campaign

- improving infrastructure

- New tourist facilities

projects.

- possibilities to highlight

new tourism types like

volunteer and dark tourism

- Increasing awareness about

environment preservation

54

Analysis of cultural attractions and risk factors

List of all resources which have some connection with tourism:

Resource: Pompey's pillar Code 01

Name (if relevant) : Pompey's pillar

Type : Memorial Column and Temble ( Sanctuary )

Location : Pompay's Pillar st. , Karmouz area

Administrative district : West destrict

Geographical coordination : 31.105698 29.534723 E

Tourist demand area (description of the tourist area revolving around the resource)

Karmouz area is considered the oldest part of the city . It was built on the ruins of an ancient

Egyptian village called " Rhakotis ". It cotains many archeological sites and monuments , that

date back to roman era .

Related resources

1. Serapeum temble ( Sanctuary) distance 0 (km) Public transport yes

2. Catacombs of Kom Al Shoquafa distance 300 (m) Public transport yes

Description of the resource (*)

Its name is misleading. This single column standing on a rocky hilltop in the middle of

Alexandria has nothing to do with the Roman Consul and General Gaius Pompey who was

Julius Caesar’s rival in a civil war and was murdered by a Ptolemaic pharaoh in 48 BC when he

fled to Alexandria. This legend was started by Crusaders, who thought the 100-foot (30

meter) red Aswan granite pillar marked his burial site. The pillar is the triumphal monument

erected around 300 AD for the Roman Emperor Diocletian, but the true significance of this

archeological site is what stood here before the pillar. It is the site of the Serapeum,

Alexandria’s acropolis. In the first centuries AD, Christianity was introduced to Egypt and

Alexandria developed into its stronghold. Gradually, Christianity became the dominant

religion in Egypt, relegating adherents to the ancient traditions and pagan gods an irrelevant

minority that became increasingly unpopular.The Serapeum, dedicated to Alexandria’s patron

god, Serapis, was a symbol of this ancient tradition, which conflicted with the increasingly

popular ideas of Christianity. In 391 AD, patriarch Theophilus, leader of the Church of

Alexandria, led a Christian mob to destroy the Serapeum and other symbols of paganism in

the city. Some accounts even blame this mob for the destruction of the Great Library of

Alexandria, although this is disputed. Today the only single column marks the site of what

was once a huge and elaborate temple, which was constructed of marble and decorated with

precious metals on the interior. Some of the tunnels around the complex remained and are

open for tourists to explore and some of the artifacts from the temple

55

have been recovered. A life-size black basalt bull from the temple and a

golden plaque marking the foundation of the Serapis are on display in the

Greco-Roman Museum.

Attractive Value

Local Regional National International(X) (put a “x”)

Tourist/day trippers flow attracted to the area close to the resource

Year Tourists/Day trippers

Egyptians Forigners

2009 12 414 129 801

2010 13 948 143 498

2011 6 559 36 093

2012 11 257 35 935

2013 8 475 22 821

Tourists (in the accomodations in Historical Centres) not available

2009 _____ (n. Arrivals) % foreign tourists _____ _____ (n. stays) % foreign tourists

_____

2010 _____ (n. arrivals) % foreign tourists _____ _____ (n. stays) % foreign tourists

_____


_____


_____


_____

Tourist usability - 1

Level of usability

Full(X) Partial Minimal Absent (put an “x”)

Description of the level of usability

After the great restoration project that was implemented there in (2006-2009) , the place

now is amazing . It is an impressive open museum . Every thing on the site is opened to

tourists. The place is well organized, clean, facilitated, signs are available among many other

advantages.

State of preservation

Excellent Good(X) Fair Poor (put an “x”)

Description of the state of preservation

A great restoration project was implemented there in (2006-2009) by the Supereme Council

of Antiquities . It is now an impressive open museum and one of the finest archeological

examples of the Greco-Roman period in Egypt's history . But since the revolution in 2011 ,

there has not been any structural maintenance due to the lack of budget .

56

Related facilities (Ex.: museum, auditorium, guides, bookshop, etc.)

1. guides

2. Gifts shop

3. Toilets

Availability/accessibility of information materials

Brochures (No) audiovisuals (No) websites (No)

Managing authority: Supreme Council of antiquities - The Egyptian monuments' Sector .

Usability - 2

Opening periods: annual

Opening times: 9 am : 5 pm

Usability: admission fee 2 L.E for Egyptians 1 L.E for Egy.Students

30 L.E for Forigners 15 L.E for Fori.Students

Managing authority :

Institution Supreme Council of antiquities - The Egyptian monuments' Sector .

Contact person Madleen Abdel Malek

Office (location) Inside the archealogical site

Tel. (No) Fax (No) Website and Email (No)

57

Actions of valorisation

Interventions of structural requalification which were implemented in the last 5 years

1. The last structural restoration was in 2006 , and ended in 2009 .

2. In this restoration , they renewed and restored all unites and archetectural elements.

3. they also developed the area as a tourist destination through creating new walking trails

for tourists around the whole site and adding new facilities like toilets , gift shop , and some

offices for employees who run the site .

Interventions of functional requalification implemented which were implemented in the last

5 years

There were no functional requalifications implemented there in the last 5 years .

Other interventions of valorisation which were realized in the last 5 years (ex.: events,

promotion, etc.)

There were no other interventions of valorisation which were realized in the last 5 years

Potential interventions which could be implemented to increase sustainability

Periodical structural restoration and regular maintenance to preserve the good state of the

place.

Risk factor Description Main causes Level*

Environmental

sustainability

Slums Unfortunatly , Karmouz area is

one of the main slums in

Alexandria , that affects the

touristic image around

Pompay's Pillar archealogical

site as a tourist destination.

Economic situation esp.

After both recent

revolutions ,

Increasing rates of

population growth.

Medium

Economic

sustainability

General decrease in

the level of services

in the whole area

around the

archealogical site

Garbage everywhere Lack of coordination

between the concerned

authorities

Medium

Social

sustainability

Street vendors It's one of Egypt's bad

phenomenons that has

emerged after the revolution

The absence of

governmental and political

instability

Medium

58

Key risk factors for sustainability:


Environmental

sustainability 3 3 3 3

Economic


Social sustainability 3 3 3 3

*Please use a 1-5 Likert scale: 1=very low – 5=very high

59

Resource: Roman Theather Code 02

Name (if relevant) : the Roman theater

Type : cultural attraction

Location : Alexandria

Administrative district Kom Ad Dakah Gharb- Qesm Al Attarin

Geographical coordination Downtown ( Wust al-Balad )

Tourist demand area (description of the tourist area revolving around the resource) : no

other resources at the same area

Related resources

2. The . Greek Roman Museum distance 700 (m.) Public transport Y (Y/N)

3. Alexandria Opera house distance 1.9 (km) Public transport Y (Y/N)


Over 30 years of excavation have uncovered many Roman remains including this well-

preserved theatre with galleries, sections of mosaic-flooring and marble seats for up to 800

spectators. In Ptolemaic times, this area was the Park of Pan and a pleasure garden. The

theater at one point may have been roofed over to serve as an Odeon for musical

performances. Inscriptions suggest that it was sometimes also used for wrestling contests.

The theatre stood with thirteen semi-circular tiers of white marble that was imported from

Europe. Its columns are of green marble imported from Asia Minor, and red granite imported

from Aswan. The wings on both sides of the stage are decorated with geometric mosaic

paving. The dusty walls of the trenches, from digging in the northeast side of the Odeon, are

layered with extraordinary amounts of potsherds. Going down out of the place, one can see

the substantial arches and walls in stone, the brick of the Roman baths, and the remains of

Roman houses.

Attractive Value

Local Regional National “x” International (put a “x”)

60


2009 (133830 tourists – 12200 Egyptians , 121630 foreigners ) 90.8 %

international

2010 (106114 tourists – 17266 Egyptians , 88848 foreigners ) 83.7 % international

2011 (38369 tourists – 11616 Egyptians , 26753 foreigners ) 69.7 % international

2012 (40743 tourists – 18778 Egyptians , 21965 foreigners ) 54% international

2013 (22241 tourists – 11073 Egyptians , 11168 foreigners ) 50 % international

% International Tourists :: (79 % ) (the percentage of international tourists all last 5 years )

Tourists (in the accomodations in Historical Centres) (Not Available)


_____


_____


_____


_____


_____


Level of usability

Full“X” Partial Minimal Absent (put an “x”)


The place is full used


Excellent Good “x” Fair Poor (put an “x”)



1. gift shop

Availability/accessibility of information materials : some tourist books

Brochures ___ audiovisuals___ websites__

Managing authority: ministry of monuments

61

Usability - 2

Opening periods:daily for events , daily except (Friday – Saturday ) for

employees

Opening times: 9:00 AM till 5:00 PM

Usability:

admission fee ___ (price 5,00 E.P for foriegners , 2,00 for Egyptians )

Managing authority

Institution Contact person

Office (location)

Tel. Fax _______________ Website and email__________________



1. general maintenance


5 years

- no interventions of functional requalification implemented in the last 5 years


promotion, etc.)

- no interventions


1. electronic gate for security and regular mantainance for monuments

62


Environmental

sustainability

Lack of the regular

mantainance of the

theater

Lack of Funding

resources to fund th

maintenance

Economic situation

Esp. After the two

revolution

medium

Economic sustainability Low budget of

marketing campaign

No financial recourses to

fit the organization of

marketing compaign to

market the theater and

raise knowledge

This is because

limited budget and

no ideas to market

the theater in an

organized way

medium

Social sustainability Low awareness of

the importance of

visiting monuments

and theater

Low awareness of the

importance of visiting

monuments and theater

This is because of

the cultural and

education status in

Egypt

medium



Environmental


Economic




63

Resource: Qaitbay Citadel Code 03

Name (if relevant) : Qaitbay Citadel or Citadel of Kaitbay

Type : Historical citadel

Location : Qaitbay St. - El Anfoushy

Administrative district : Al Gomrok district (customs district)

Geographical coordination : 31.2130 N 29.8852 E


Qaitbay is one of the main tourist destinations in Alexandria . This area attracts both local and

international tourists to visit the citadel mainly and other historical and cultural places that

are near this area.

Related resources

1. Qaitbay Maritime museum distance 0 (km) Public transport yes

2. Water biology Exhibition distance 100 (m) Public transport yes

3. El Anfoushy cemetery distance 1 (km) Public transport yes


The Citadel is situated at the entrance of the eastern harbor on the eastern point of the

Pharos Island. It was erected on the exact site of the famous Lighthouse of Alexandria. About

1480 A.D, the Mameluke Sultan Al Ashraf Qaitbay fortified the place as part of his coastal

defensive edifices against the Turks, who were threatening Egypt at that time. He built the

castle and placed a Mosque inside it. The Citadel continued to function during most of the

Mameluke period, the Ottoman period and the Modern period, but after the British

bombardment of the city of Alexandria in 1883, it was kept out of the spotlight. It became

neglected until the twentieth century when it was restored several times by the Egyptian

Supreme Council of Antiquities. The founder of the Citadel of Qaitbay is Sultan Al Ashraf Abou

Anasr Saif El Din Qaitbay El Jerkasy Al Zahiry (1468-1496 A.D) who was born about 1423 A.D

(826 hijri). He was a Mamluke who had come to Egypt as a young man, less than 20 years old.

Bought by Al Ashraf Bersbay, he remained among his attendants until Al Ashraf Bersbay died.

Then the Sultan Djaqmaq bought Qaitbay, and later gave him his freedom.

Qaitbay then went on to occupy various posts. He became the Chief of the Army (Atabec Al-

Askar) during the rule of the Sultan Tamar. When the Sultan was dethroned, Qaitbay was

appointed as a Sultan who was titled Al Malek Al Ashraf on Monday 26th Ragab, 872 hijri

(1468 A.D). He was one of the most important and prominent Mameluke Sultans, ruling for

about 29 years. In 882 hijri (1477 A.D), Sultan Qaitbay visited the site of the old lighthouse in

Alexandria and ordered a fortress to be built on its foundations. The construction lasted

about 2 years, and it is said that Qaitbay spent more than a hundred thousand Dinars for the

64

work on the Citadel. The Qaitbay Citadel in Alexandria is considered as one

of the most important defensive strongholds, not only in Egypt, but also

along the Mediterranean Sea coast. Throughout the Mameluke period, and

due to its strategic location, the Citadel was well maintained by all the rulers who came after

Qaitbay; Sultan Qansoh El Ghoury gave the Citadel special attention. He visited it several

times and increased the strength of the garrison, providing it with various weapons and

equipment. It included a large prison made for the princes and the state-men whom the

Sultan kept away from his favour for some reason. In the episodes of the year 920 hijri, Sultan

El Ghoury travelled to Alexandria with other princes. They went to the Citadel of Qaitbay

where he watched some maneuvers and military training on the defensive weapons of the

Citadel of that era. When he felt the approach of the Ottoman threat, he issued a military

decree to forbid weapons to be taken out of the Citadel, he even announced that the death

penalty would be the punishment to those who try to steal anything from the Citadel, and he

ordered the inscription of this decree on a marble slate fixed to the door leading the court.

After the Ottoman Turks had conquered Egypt, they also cared for this unique Citadel. They

used it for shelter, as they had done with the Citadel of Saladin in Cairo and the Citadels of

Damietta, Rosetta, Al Borollos and El Arish. They kept it in good condition and stationed it

with infantry, artillery, a company of drummers and trumpeters, masons and carpenters.

When Mohammed Ali became the ruler of Egypt in 1805, he renovated the old Citadel,

restored and repaired its outer ramparts, and he provided the stronghold with the most

modern weapons of the period, particularly the littoral cannons. We can consider the reign of

Mohamed Ali as being another golden era for the Citadel. The Citadel retained the interest of

Mohammed Ali's successors until the year 1882 when the Orabi revolution took place The

British fleet bombarded Alexandria violently on 11 July 1882 and damaged a large part of the

city, especially in the area of the Citadel. This attack cracked the fortress, causing great

damage. The north and western facades were severely damaged as a result of cannon

explosions, aimed directly at the structure. The western facade was completely destroyed,

leaving large gaps in it.

The Architecture of the Citadel

The fortress consists of three main parts, the huge walls that surround the entire complex,

an inner wall and the main tower which was built actually on the site of the Pharos

Lighthouse.The main tower itself was built between the years 1477 and 1480, at a cost of

100,000 Dinars, on an old island called Pharos, so named because this was the location of the

famous Pharos lighthouse. The outer walls were built by Sultan el Ghouri sometime after he

took office as Sultan. It is believed that at least some of the material for the fortress came

from that ruined structure, particularly some huge red-granite pillars in the northwest

section. At the time, it was built as a defense against the Ottoman Empire, with whom the

Mamluks had a shaky relationship at the time.

This entrance to the fort, along with the outer walls, was actually built during the reign of

Sultan al Ghoury (1501-1516). Above the entrance hall there is a sign from that same reign,

giving his full name as King Al Ashraf Abu Al Naser Qonsowa El Ghoury, and states that

anyone who takes any weapons, equipment or soldiers as slaves from the main tower of the

fort will be hanged on the entrance and be damned by God forever. The actual door of the

fort was built during the English occupation of Egypt and is made of wood. The archway

surrounding it is of granite, as are some other elements within the structure. However, the

65

main building material of the walls is limestone. Above the doorway there

is a spillway for hot oil to be poured down upon would be attackers. The

huge walls of the fortress enclose about two acres of land, surrounding the

tower on all four sides. The eastern side of the wall has no protective towers or balcony. The

western wing of the wall has three guard towers for archers, as does the southern side. On

the southern wall in the middle is a section where a door leads to the main entrance. The

north side of the wall is the one facing the sea, and it has square shaped windows that held

canons and catapults. Along the top was a balcony for archers.

Attractive Value




Egyptians Forigners

2009 -- --

2010 487563 90888

2011 375102 68452

2012 650615 30024

2013 356904 19062



_____


_____


_____


_____



Level of usability

Full Partial(X) Minimal Absent (put an “x”)


This big citadel is consisted of many small areas , not all of them are opened to visitors

because these areas are belonged to military forces .


Excellent Good Fair(X) Poor (put an “x”)


Last structural maintenance was long time ago , so the place needs restoration.


1. Qaitbey Maritime Museum

66

2. Gifts shop



Managing authority: Ministry of state for antiquities - Coptic and Islamic monuments'

sector

Usability - 2



Usability: admission fee 2 L.E for Egyptians 10 L.E for Forigners


Institution Ministry of state for antiquities - Coptic and Islamic monuments' sector

Contact person Kareem Uoda

Office (location) Inside the citadel

Tel. 03/4809144 Or 012-233-77-148 Fax (No) Website and Email (No)



1. There was no structural restoration in the last 5 years .

2. The last structural restoration was in 2003 , and lasted for 2 years .

3. In this restoration , they renewed and restored all units and archtectural elements , like :

balconies , basements , the mosque , doors and fences .


5 years

There was no functional requalifications implemented there in the last 5 years .


promotion, etc.)

The responsible authorityis not aware of the importance of organizing promotion events for

every tourist site , but recently the governorate held a kind of small local event in Qaitbay

area to promote domestic tourism and encourage residents to visit Alexandria's tourist

destinations .


1. Periodical structural restoration and regular maintenance.

2. Increasing the number of services for residents and tourists , and enhancing the quality of

each service .

3. The government should declare Qaitbay area one of the historical destinations in order to

protect the area from the consequences of over capacity.

67


Environmental

sustainability

Slums Qaitbay area is near by many

slums , and that affects the


Qaitbay citadel as a tourist

destination.

Egypt's poor economic

situation esp. After our

revolution , and that

reflected on every

family in Egypt.

Medium

The lack of

restoration and

maintenance on a

regular basis .

The authorities undertake

restoration processes on long

term periods of time and that

affects the structural

condition of the building.

The lack of financial

resources.

Medium

Economic

sustainability

General decrease in


in the whole area

of Qaitbay.

Garbage everywhere.

Lack of coordination


authorities

Medium

Social

sustainability




The absence of

governmental and

political instability

Medium



Environmental


Economic




68

Resource: Bibliotheca Alexandrina. Code: 04

Name :Bibliotheca Alexandrina.

Type: Library.

Location : El Shatby

Administrative district: Central district (Wasat)

Geographical coordination: Latitude: 31.209498 N Longitude: 29.909334 E

Tourist demand area (description of the tourist area revolving around the resource):

The Bibliotheca Alexandrina is one of the main tourist destinations in Alexandria. The library

is located in front of Alexandria University. It attracts both local and international tourists as

well as students to visit and explore its differant sections.The Library of Alexandria aims to be

a center of excellence in the production and dissemination of knowledge .The Bibliotheca

Alexandrina includes all the facilities needed for tourists and visitors. Also it is surrounded by

a number of cultural and historical places as well as returants, caffees and shops.

Related resources:

1. Alexandria University distance: across the street Public transport (no need)

2. El Shatby cemetry distance ( 200m) Public transport (Y)(+by walk)


The Bibliotheca Alexandrina is considered as a landmark building standing in the city’s historic

eastern harbor. This was probably the location of the ancient library. It opened in 2002 in an

attempt to revive and recapture the spirit of the ancient Alexandria library. Its main mission

was to be an essential center in the production and dissemination of knowledge, besides

being a place of dialogue, learning and understanding between cultures and people. Being a

great Egyptian library with international dimensions, it has actually shelf space for more than

eight million books and a huge reading room occupying place on eleven levels. It also includes

a conference center, libraries for children and for the blind, four art galleries, and a

planetarium, a museum of sciences, an exhibition of manuscripts, an exhibition of illustration

and historical maps, and the antiquities museum. Accordingly, the new library is considered a

source of specialized knowledge that emphasizes the social sciences, arts, and humanities. It

aspires to be: The world’s window on Egypt. Egypt’s window on the world. A leading

institution of the digital age. A center for learning, tolerance, dialogue and understanding.

The New Library of Alexandria, the New Bibliotheca Alexandrina is dedicated to recapture the

spirit of openness and scholarship of the original Bibliotheca Alexandrina. It is much more

than a library. It contains: A Library that can hold millions of books. An Internet Archive,

Several specialized libraries: Arts and Multimedia, the visually impaired, Children, Young

people, Microforms, Rare books and special collections, Map, Francophone, Theses and

Dissertations

Four Museums for Antiquities, Manuscripts, Sadat and the History of Science

A Planetarium

An Exploratorium for children’s exposure to science (ALEX ploratorium)

69

Culturama: a cultural panorama over nine screens, the first ever patented

9-projector interactive system. Winner of many awards, the Culturama,

developed by CULTNAT, allows the presentation of a wealth of data layers, where the

presenter can click on an item and go to a new level of detail. It is a remarkably informative

and attractive multi-media presentation of Egypt’s heritage across 5000 years of history to

these modern times, with highlights and examples of Ancient Egyptian and Coptic/Muslim

heritage.

VISTA (The Virtual Immersive Science and Technology Applications system) is an interactive

Virtual Reality environment, allowing researchers to transform two-dimensional data sets

into 3-D simulations, and to step inside them. A practical tool of visualization during research,

VISTA helps researchers to simulate the behavior of natural or human-engineered systems,

instead of merely observing a system or building a physical model.

Several academic research centers: Alexandria and Mediterranean Research Center (Alex-

Med), Arts Center, Calligraphy Center, Center for Special Studies and Programs (CSSP),

International School of Information Studies (ISIS), Manuscript Center, Center for the

Documentation of Cultural and Natural Heritage (CultNat, located in Cairo), Alexandria Center

for Hellenistic Studies, Center for Democracy and Social Peace Studies (CDSPS), and Center

for Development Studies.

Fifteen permanent exhibitions covering Impressions of Alexandria: The Awad Collection,

the World of Shadi Abdel Salam, Arabic Calligraphy, the History of Printing, Arab-Muslim

Medieval Instruments of Astronomy and Science (Star Riders), and the Permanent Exhibitions

of Selections of Contemporary Egyptian Art: The Artist’s Book, Mohie El Din Hussein: A

Creative Journey, The Raaya El-Nimr and Abdel-Ghani Abou El-Enein Collection Arab Folk Art,

Seif and Adham Wanly: Motion and Art,Selected Artworks of Adam Henin, Selected Artworks

of Ahmed Abdel-Wahab, Selected Artworks of Hamed Saeed, Selected Artworks of Hassan

Soliman, and Sculpture.

Our Digital World: Four art galleries for temporary exhibitions.

A Conference Center for thousands of persons. The New Library of Alexandria also hosts a

number of institutions: The number is growing and the Library of Alexandria is becoming the

nerve center of many international and regional networks.

The Academia Bibliotheca Alexandrina (ABA)

Arabic Society for Ethics in Science & Technology (ASEST)

The Anna Lindh Foundation for Dialogue between Cultures, the first Euro–Med foundation

based outside Europe

The HCM Medical Research project (located in Shallalat premises)

The Arab Regional Office of the Academy of Science for the Developing World (ARO-TWAS)

The International Federation for Library Associations (IFLA) Regional Office

The Secretariat of the Arab National Commissions of UNESCO

The Middle Eastern and North African Network for Environmental Economics (MENANEE)

The Arab Network for Women in Science and Technology (ANWST)

Attractive Value

Local Regional National International (X) (put a “x”)

Tourist/day trippers flow attracted to the area close to the resource (estimate)

Not Available

70

Tourists 2009 ______ 2010 ______ 2011 _______ 2012 _______ 2013

% International Tourists ______

Tourists (in the accomodations in Historical Centres)


_____


_____


_____


_____



Level of usability

Full (X) Partial Minimal Absent (put an “x”)


The Bibliotheca Alexandrina is not just a library, it's a complex of three main buildings: main

libray building including more than 3 specialized libraries, the Conference Center and the

Planetarium. The 3 buildings are available for the usage

of public and foreign visitors, guests and students all along the year. The officiial holiday is on

Friday and Saturday.


Excellent (X) Good Fair Poor (put an “x”)

Description of the state of preservation:

The Bibliotheca Alexandrina is a new moderrn building. It is very well preserved because it's

only 11 yeas old.

Related facilities:

1. Museums 2. Several specialized libraries

3. Guides 4. Three Bookshops

5. Conference center 6. Pemanent Exhibition

7. Four Art Galleries 8. Planitarium show

9. Culturama Show 10. Seminars

11. Book discussion

12. Workshop for children and adolescent creativity exhibition- cinema..........etc.


Brochures (YES) audiovisuals (YES) websites (YES)

Managing authority: The Bibliotheca Alexandrina is managed through Board of Trustees

(B.o.T) system headed by the President of the Republic, underneath a board of managers

headed by the Director of the library.

71

Usability - 2

Opening periods: Annual

Opening times: Sunday to Thursday, from 10 am to 4 pm

Usability: admission fees

Individuals Students and Retiress School Pupils

Egyptians EGP 5 EGP 2 EGP 1

Non-Egyptians EGP 70 EGP 5 EGP 5

Managing authority

Institution: Bibliotheca Alexandrina

Contact person Dr. Ismail Serageldin, Director of the Library

Office (location) _____________________________________________________________

Tel. (+203) 4839999 Fax (+203) 4820449 Website and email: www.bibalex.org



1. Sadat Museum

2. Our Digital World: Exhibition of BA varoius digital projects and intiatives of documentation

of history


5 years

1. New visiting route for the exhibitions and museums away from the reading area

2. New permenant exhibitions scattered inside the BA


promotion, etc.): The Public Relations and International Communiications department in the

BA is in charrge of the promotion and marketing of BA varius

eventts and actives throug different channels:e-newsletter, announcements oon the official

website of the BA and via Facebook, Twitter and Youtube.

On monthly basis a program is announced including:

1. Conference, Lectures, Workshops and Sessios

2. Music Concerts 3.Activities for children and youth

4. Training Courses and diplomas: Hellenistic Diploma. Hellenistic Masters

4. Strategies of internet search 5. The BA Iternational Biennale for the Artist Book

6. World Heritage of Iraq ( a display of 45 panels describing the panels)

7.Cinema Lesson

8. Conference for Women Issues......................etc.


More collabration and cooperation between the library and the Alexandria University and

Internatiional Universaties and Insitutions

http://www.bibalex.org/

72

Resource: Alexandria Opera House Code 05

Name (if relevant) : Alexandria Opera House “Sayed Darwish Theatre”

Type : cultural artistic attraction


Administrative district 22 El Horreya Rd. - RAML STATION


Tourist demand area (description of the tourist area revolving around the resource) : no other

resources at the same area

Related resources

1. Greek Roman Theater distance 1.9 (km) Public transport Y (Y/N)


The Alexandria Opera House was constructed in 1918 during the reign of Sultan Fuad I and

named “Mohamed Ali Theatre”. The original owner was Badr El Din Kerdany who had

appointed French architect Georges Baroque to do the design.

Following its inauguration in 1921, the theatre was host to celebrated Arab and foreign

singers. In 1962 the theatre was renamed “Sayed Darwish Theatre” in honour of this pioneer

of Arab music. Unfortunately, the ravages of time destroyed the exquisite beauty of the

building and earlier attempts at restoration did in fact more harm than good.

In 2000, the badly neglected building was put on Egypt’s Heritage List and extensive

renovation work began. After several years of skilful work on the structure of the building and

the highly fragile decorative elements the theatre was restored to its former splendour. In

2004, the last President and Mrs Hosni Mubarak attended the reopening of the Sayed

Darwish Theatre. Today, it accommodates artistic performances by the Cairo Opera House

companies such as the opera and ballet companies, the symphony or opera orchestras, the

different Arab music ensembles, and the modern dance theatre. There are visiting

companies, local and foreign recitals, Cultural Weeks, and Arab and international festivals.

In order to promote ballet, classical and Arab music talents, the Alexandria Opera Company

for Arab Music and Singing was established as well as the Talents Development Centre.

There, the most prominent educators and academic professors are teaching and setting up

performances with young Egyptian talents.

73

Attractive Value



Not Available

Tourists 2009 ______ 2010 ______ 2011 _______ 2012 _______ 2013 ________




_____


_____


_____


_____



Level of usability

Full “X” Partial Minimal Absent (put an “x”)


The place is full used



it needs to be more tidy as an opera house


1. Alexandria National Museum


Brochures ___ audiovisuals___ websites_available link from Cairo Opera House

Managing authority: ministry of culture

74

Usability - 2


employees

Opening times: 9 AM till 12 AM

Usability:

admission fee for the visit (price 5.00 EGP for foriegners , 2.00 EGP for Egyptians ) , not for

the events it depend on the type of event

Managing authority

Institution opera house Contact person Eng. Nayera weiba

Office (location) opera house

Tel. +20 3 4865106 Fax _______________ Website and email___________________





5 years

- there is no interventions of functional requalification implemented in the last 5 years,

because as mentioned the re-opened was at 2004 ,so it is modern and new building


promotion, etc.)

- weekly events and concerts of Orchestra , arabic singers , Ballets


1. electronic gate for more security

75


Environmental

sustainability

No risks

- - -

Economic sustainability High cost of some

concerts tickets

attracts specific

categories of visitors

The high cost of concerts

tickets may affect the

sustainable exist

economically , tickets

could be 50 or 100

egyptian pounds

The high cost may

affect numbers of

visitors to concerts

and events because

of economic and

cultural status of

residents in general

medium

Social sustainability Low awareness of

culture and artistic

events in opera

low awareness due to

bad status of education

and ignorance of the

artistic events

importance

low awareness of

culture due to the

bad status of

education and

ignorance of the

artistic events

importance

low



Environmental


Economic




76

Resource: Alexandria National Museum Code 06

Name (if relevant) : Alexandria National Museum

Type : Museum


Administrative district 110 El Horreya Rd. - RAML STATION


Tourist demand area (description of the tourist area revolving around the resource) : no other

resources at the same area

Related resources

1. . The . Greek Roman Theater distance 900 (m) Public transport Y (Y/N)

2. The . Greek Roman Museum distance 1 (km.) Public transport Y (Y/N)

3. Alexandria Opera house distance 800 (m.) Public transport Y (Y/N)


The Alexandria National Museum (ANM) in Egypt was inaugurated the 31 December 2003

by Hosni Mubarak and it's located in a restored Italian style palace in Tariq Al-Horreya Street

(former Rue Fouad) . The museum is located in a former Italianate mansion. It's the former

home of a wood sales person. It used to house the United States consulate.

It contains about 1,800 artifacts that narrate the story of Alexandria and Egypt. Most of these

pieces came from other Egyptian museums. The museum mainly focuses on three collections:

Ancient Egyptian, Coptic, and the Muslim world. The museum also includes works from the

Hellenistic period, including pieces from Heraklion and Canopus. Objects include canopic jars,

Mashrabiya, and pieces from the rule of Nectanebo II. The city of Alexandria is also included

in the collection, including objects from the 20th century. Objects include pieces from

Caracalla's rule, figures of Medusa, Islamic clothing, a bust of Briniky, and pieces of ancient

ruins. The museum recently exhibited a sculpture which is believed to be of Alexander the

Great. The museum also has a collection of jewelry, weapons, statuary, coins, and glassware


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosni_Mubarak

77

Attractive Value

Local Regional “x” National International (put a “x”)


________________

Tourists 2009 ______ 2010 ______ 2011 _______ 2012: 2350 2013


Tourists (in the accomodations in Historical Centres) Not Available


_____


_____


_____

2012 (n. arrivals) % foreign tourists _____ _____ (n. stays) % foreign tourists _____

2013 _____ (n. arrivals) % foreign tourists _____ _____ (n. stays) % foreign tourists _


Level of usability

Full”X” Partial Minimal Absent (put an “x”)


this Museum is fully used and it is open the whole year for the tourist




As Mentioned this museum is established recently in 2003 , so it is preserved well


1. _bookshop_ 2-giftshop

Availability/accessibility of information materials : books

Brochures ___ audiovisuals___ websites__

Managing authority: ministry of culture

78

Usability - 2


employees

Opening times: 9 AM till 4:30 PM

Usability:


Managing authority

Institution Contact person

Office (location)






5 years

- no interventions of functional requalification implemented in the last 5 years, because it is

new and modern


promotion, etc.)


1. electronic gate for more secure and regular mantainance for monuments

79


Environmental

sustainability

Lack of the regular

mantainance of

monuments in

museum

Action plan for the

maintenance of the

monuments and

requalification of the

museum , The

authorities undertake

restoration processes on

long term periods of

time and that badly


condition

Lack of funding

resources

medium

Economic sustainability Low budget of

marketing campaign

No financial recourses to

fit organized marketing

compaign to market the

museum and raise

knowledge

This is because

limited budget and

no ideas to market

the museum in an

organized way

low

Social sustainability Lack of the

awareness of local

community

importance of

visiting monuments

and museums

Less number of visitor of

the local community ,

some of the residence

haven’t the habit of

visiting the historical

places

This is because of

the cultural and

education status in

Egypt

low



Environmental


Economic




80

Resource Al Montazah Palace Code 07

Name : Al Montazah Palace

Type : king Palace, cultural and re-creational tourism (Sun, Sand, Sea)

Location : Malak Hefny st.- Al Montazah

Administrative district : Al Montazah district

Geographical coordination: 31.2884950N 30.0159690E


Al Montazah Palace is one of the main tourist destinations in Alexandria. It attracts both local

and international tourists and common people. Al Montazah Palace includes all the facilities

needed for tourists and visitors. Also it is surrounded by a number of hotels as well as

retaurants, caffees , shops and mall.

Related resources

1. Shooting Club distance 3_ (km) Public transport ___ (Y)

2. Mamoura Beach Resort distance 0 (km) located exactly beside Montaza Park


The Montaza Complex is located at the Eastern edge of the city of Alexandria. The complex

contains five beaches for swimming: Aida, Cleopatra, Vanessa, Semiramis and the private

beach of Helnan Palestine Hotel. The garden of Al Montazah which is 3000 meters wide

contains a huge selection of trees and plants (some of them are rare). Some have been

planted 75 years ago. Al Montaza Palace is a palace and extensive gardens in the Montaza

district of Alexandria. It was built on a low plateau east of central Alexandria overlooking a

beach on the Mediterranean Sea. The extensive Montaza Palace grounds first had the

Salamlek Palace, built in 1892 by Khedive Abbas II, the last Muhammad Ali Dynasty ruler to

hold the Khedive title over the Khedivate of Egypt and Sudan. It was used as a hunting lodge

and residence for his companion. The larger Al-Haramlik Palace and royal gardens were

added to the Montaza Palace grounds, being built by King Fouad I in 1932, as a summer

palace. It is in a mixture of Turkish and Florentine styles, with has two towers, one rising

distinctively high above with elaborated Italian Renaissance design details. The palace has

long open arcades facing the sea along each floor. After the death of Abbas Helmy II, the

royal family continued taking care of the Montazah complex until the reign of the last king of

Egypt, Farouk I. Then, the Egyptian revolution of 1952 took place and the Palace was owned

by the government which opened the gardens for public and the Salamlek Palace was

transformed into a museum until it was added to the presidential palaces which serve as a

hosting place for the president's visitors

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palace

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montaza,_Alexandria

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandria

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khedive

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbas_II_of_Egypt

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_Dynasty

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khedivate_of_Egypt

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuad_I_of_Egypt

81

President Anwar El-Sadat renovated the original Salamlek Palace as an official presidential

residence. Then it was recently used by the president Hosni Mubarak.

The Al-Montaza Park, the former expansive royal gardens of 150 acres (61 ha), are open as a

public landscape park and forest reserve.

The garden of Al Montazah which is 3000 meters wide contains a huge selection of trees and

plants and some of them are quite rare. Some of the tropical plants are still in good shape

although they have been planted more than 75 years ago. The plant collection in Montazah

includes: Catania, huge boots, Zamia, Carlota, and special types of palms. This is besides the

big size plants like Anthurium, Hokiry, Araliaceae, Victoria, and Ropilia.

The Helnan Palestine Hotel:

It is the only hotel which was built inside one of the royal palaces that its ownership was

transformed to the government after the Egyptian revolution in 1952. It stands just in front of

the modern light house of Al Montazah.

The hotel was built due to the orders of the former Egyptian president Gamal Abdel Nasser to

host the first Arab Summit which was attended by all the Arab president and kings of the

time. Afterwards, the hotel became the residence of most of the kings, queens, presidents,

and important figures who visit Egypt. The hotel even hosted the visitors of Egypt at the

event of the grand opening of the new Library of Alexandria. The list included, the French

president |Jack Shirak, Sofia the Queen of Spain, and the Queen Rania the wife of the king of

Jordon. The hotel is the most favorite summer spot for some of Egypt's artists and authors as

well.

The hotel contains 233 rooms and all of them have sea or garden views. It also has 20 suites,

two royal suites, and a villa which takes the whole space of the sixth floor of the hotel and it

is suitable for large families and groups. The villa contains 6 rooms, special private kitchen,

and a big reception hall.

Salamlek Palace Hotel

The Salamlek hotel provides its visitors with the luxurious style of the life of kings and queens.

The hotel was originally built by Abbas Helmy II as the hunting lounge for him and his

Austrian girlfriend who became his wife afterwards and changed her name to be Gawidan

Hanem.

The name Haramlek in the Turkish language means: the place where men meet, Haramlek is

the opposite of Salamlek, the place where women stay. In the reign of King Farouk, the palace

was used as his special office and meeting hall. The Palace was designed by Dmitri

Fabersious, one of the most famous architects at the time. It was designed using a lot of rich

decorations and it contained an artificial forest at the time and it was full of animals that the

Khedive and his companions used to go and hunt. The garden of the Palace has Italian

canons that King Ahmed Fouad brought from Europe to defend the Palace against any attack

that might come from the sea. The palace was used a military hospital in the World War I

where British soldiers used to be transferred there to receive treatment. After the revolution

in 1952, the Haramlek Palace was transformed into a hotel and it was managed by Sphinx

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anwar_El-Sadat

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosni_Mubarak

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Montaza,_Alexandria,_Egypt

82

Tourism Company. The San Giovanni Company came afterwards and made

a lot of restorations and renovations to the hotel. When you first enter the

main hall of the hotel you find yourself in the Khedive Salon with its

luxurious furniture and it contains a collection of photographs of the Khedive with different

important figures. You will definitely spend some time at the reception to be able to choose

the best suite as the hotel has 14 special suites: "Mawlana Al Moheeb" Suite that contains 5

wide rooms and a special royal garden view, "Sahebat Al Essma" with its huge three rooms

and wide balcony, " Dawlat Al Ra'ees" with two rooms and a wide balcony, or "Afandina" with

three rooms and a big balcony.

The most fascinating suite in the hotel is the Crystal suite, or the queen royal suite. It was

named that way because all of its items were made out of blue glass and crystal.

The Haramlek Palace

The Haramlek Palace was built by King Ahmed Foaud in 1925 when he ordered his Italian

architect, firotche, to construct it to be the summer residence of the Royal Family of Egypt at

the time.

The Palace has a distinctive design that combines different types of styles with the Byzantine

style dominant. This is besides the Gothic, Classic, and off course Islamic styles of

architecture. The word Haramlek is a Turkish architecture term that used to describe the

place where women stay and it was forbidden for anyone to enter this special ladies area.

The Haramlek Palace contains a lot of French antiquities and it was decorated richly in the

Baroque and Rococo styles that consist of amazing ornaments of plants and geometric

designs.

The Palace consists of a huge open air hall in the middle of it with all the rooms and suites

surrounding it. The palace has three floors. The first floor consists of many rooms and halls

and the most important among them is office of the king, the billiards hall, and the dinning

lounge. The second floor used to host the chaperones and servants of the kings and queens,

while the third and last floor hosted the suites of the king and the queen with a huge balcony

in between. This floor also has the baby prince suite which was designed out of cork in order

to prevent the sleeping baby from being disturbed because of the sound of footsteps.

In the reign of King Farouk, the palace was renewed and restored. King Farouk wanted to dig

a crypt that goes from the palace directly to the sea in order for him to use it in case of any

attack taking place at the palace. However, he was not able to complete it because of the

Egyptian revolution in 1952.

Today, the Montazah Complex serves as one of the most popular recreational spots in

Alexandria. However, the Montazah Palace is closed to the public and occasionally used as a

presidential Palace

83

Attractive Value

Local Regional National International (“x”) (put a “x”)


Not Available no visits to the place , only the allowed visits are for the gardens and the

restaurants inside

Tourists 2009 ______ 2010 ______ 2011 _______ 2012 _______ 2013




_____


_____


_____


_____



Level of usability

Full Partial Minimal Absent “x” (put an “x”)


the palace is used only as peridential palace , only the full usability is for the gardens and

hotles and restaurants inside


Excellent “x” Good Fair Poor (put an “x”)


the palace is very well preserved according to its usage


bookshops and gift shop are available


brochures are available

Managing authority: _________________________________________

84

Usability - 2


Opening times: the gardens are open from 9:00 am till mid night

Usability: admission fee (price 7 EGP / ticket)

Managing authority

Institution _____________________ Contact person ___________________

Office (location) _____________________________________________________________

Tel. _________________ Fax _______________ Website and email___________________



there is requalification on the infrastructure of the palace annualy because of its important

usage as presidential palace


5 years

there is no functional requalification availalbe


promotion, etc.)

alot of event and concerts organized for the pulblic on the gardens


85

Resource Abu El Abbas Mosque Code 08

Name (if relevant) : Abu al-Abbas al-Mursi Mosque

Type : Historical Mosque

Location : El-Anfoushi, Midan el Masaged (Mosque Square)

Administrative district : Al Gomrok district (Customs district)

Geographical coordination: 31.205644° N, 29.882158° E

Tourist demand area (description of the tourist area revolving around the resource) :

Abu al-Abbas al-Mursi Mosque is one of the main tourist destinations in Alexandria. Thia area

attracts both local and foreign tourists to visit the mosque mainly and other historical and

cultural places that are near by this area.

Related resources

1.Qaitbay Citadel distance 1.5 (km) Public transport yes

2. Water biology Exhibition distance 1.5 (km) Public transport yes

3.El Anfoushy cemetery distance 1.5 (km) Public transport yes


The Abu al-Abbas al-Mursi Mosque is the most historic and most beautiful mosque in

Alexandria. It was built primarily in 1775 over the tomb of a Spanish scholar and saint, Abu El

Abbas El Mursi (1219-86), and stands on Mosque Square overlooking the eastern harbor. Abu

al-Abbas al-Mursi (whose full name is much longer) was born to a wealthy family in the

Andalusia region of Spain in 1219. In the wake of increasing Christian control of Spain, he and

his family left for Tunisia in 1242. He later went on to Alexandria, a popular destination of

many Muslim scholars at the time. Abu al-Abbas lived in Alexandria for 43 years as a scholar

and teacher until his death in 1286. He was buried in a small building near the eastern harbor

in Alexandria. In 1307, El Sheikh Zein El Din Ibn El Qattan, one of the richest traders of

Alexandria, visited the tomb. He funded a mausoleum and dome for the tomb, along with a

small mosque. The tomb of Abu al-Abbas became a place of pilgrimage for many Muslims

from Egypt and Morocco who passed through Alexandria on their way to and from Mecca.

The mosque was periodically restored over the centuries by rulers who built themselves

tombs next to the saint. Most of the present structure dates from 1775, when the Algerian

Sheikh Abu el Hassan El Maghreby built a much larger mosque on the site. It was fully

renovated in 1863, and an annual festival was established to celebrate the birth of Abu al-

Abbas al-Mursi. The mosque was again beautified in 1943 under King Farouq I (r.1937-1952),

who built the Midan el Masaged, or "Mosque Square." The square covers some 43,200

square meters and includes five other mosques centered around the Abu al-Abbas al-Mursi

Mosque. The mosque was renovated in the Arabian style that was popular when the saint

came to Alexandria in the 13th century, at a total cost of about 140,000 LE. What to See at

the Abu al-Abbas al-Mursi Mosque. The cream-colored Abu al-Abbas al-Mursi Mosque stands

http://www.sacred-destinations.com/egypt/alexandria

86

23 m high and dressed in artificial stone, with a minaret on the southern

side rising to 73 m. Situated near the shore of the eastern harbor, the

mosque and its neighbors can be clearly seen from the sea. The minaret

has an Ayoubids design, with four sections of different shapes.

The mosque has an entrance on the north and one on the east, both of which overlook the

square. The main part of the mosque is an octagon, with internal walls are dressed in artificial

stone except for a 5.6 m-high mosaic. The high ceiling is decorated with arabesque and

contains a great octagonal skylight known as a Shokhsheikha. Each side of the skylight has

three windows of colored glass in arabesque designs set into aluminum frames. This skylight

is surrounded by four domes, placed over the four mausoleums within the complex. The

floors are paved in white marble. The doors, minbar and windows are made of joined and

finely carved teak, citronia and walnut. The minbar (pulpit) is capped by a dome and has

verses from the Qur'an written at the top in French gold. The mihrab (niche indicating the

direction of Mecca) stands at the base of the mosque's minaret and is flanked by the creed,

”There is no god except Allah and Muhammad is the prophet of Allah” in Arabic script. Also

on either side of the mihrab are two columns of Egyptian granite, with the name of

Muhammad written in Kufic Arabic calligraphy at each end. The mayda, an absolution area,

along with the lavatories, are on the western side of the mosque with their own entrance

overlooking the square. According to a royal order, the necessary alterations were made to

reserve a special worship area for women with a private entrance.

Attractive Value


Tourist/day trippers flow attracted to the area close to the resource (estimate) _

Not applicable .

Tourists2009 ______ 2010 ______ 2011 _______ 2012 _______ 2013 ________




_____


_____


_____


_____


87


Level of usability



The mosque is open all over the day for prayers and visits.


Excellent Good (X) Fair Poor (put an “x”)








Usability - 2


Opening times: 24 hours

Usability: free entry


Institution Ministry of Al-Awqaf__Contact person ___________________

Office (location)_________________________________________________

Tel. Fax (No) Website and Email (No)

88



There weren't any structural requalifications implemented there in the last 5 years .


5 years

There weren't any functional requalifications implemented there in the last 5 years .


promotion, etc.)

None




each service .

3. The government should declare the mosque one of the historical destinations in order to


89


Environmental

sustainability

The lack of restoration

and maintenance on a

regular basis .




badly affects the structural

condition of the building


resources.

Low

Economic

sustainability

General decrease in

the level of services in

the whole area

Garbage everywhere.



authorities

low

Social

sustainability


phenomenons that has emerged

after the revolution

The absence of

governmental and


medium



Environmental


Economic




90

Resource: Catacombs of Kom Al Shoquafa Code 09

Name (if relevant) : Catacombs of Kom Al Shoquafa

( It is considered as one of the seven wonders of the Middle Ages )

Type : Tomb , Barial chambers , Necropolis .

Location : Al Miri St. , Karmous Area .

Administrative district : West destrict



Karmouz area is considered the oldest part of the city . It was built on the ruins of an ancient

Egyptian village called " Rhakotis " . It cotains many archeological sites and monuments , that

date back to roman era . The area attracts only a few number of tourists espetially when we

compare it to the area's touristic potentials .

Related resources

1. Pompay's Pillar distance 300 (m) Public transport yes

2. Tagran Tomb distance 0 (m) Public transport yes

3. Salvago Tomb distance 0 (m) Public transport yes

4. The open museum distance 0 (m) Public transport yes


It has been discovered in September 28th, 1900. This discovery is one of the most astounding

ones in archaeological history: A set of rock-cut tombs with features unlike that of any other

catacomb in the ancient world. Archaeologists believe that the Catacomb of Kom el Shoqafa

was started in the 2nd century A.D. and was used to intern the dead for the next 200 years.

This was a period in the history of the city of Alexandria when there was a great mixing of

different cultures. Of course, there was the ancient history of the great Egyptian kingdoms

which went back thousands of years. In 332 B.C. Alexander the Great had conquered the

land, established the city of Alexandria, and started a dynasty of Greek rulers who brought

their own culture to the metropolis. In 31 B.C. the Romans took control of the city and added

their traditions. This made Alexandria, which was then the capital of Egypt, into what some

have called "The Paris of antiquity." People combined the elements of these three great

cultures together in surprising ways. Though much of this has now disappeared from modern

Alexandria, deep in the Kom el Shoqafa catacombs, the intellectual blend of those times is

still apparent. These catacombs are not the only ones that were constructed in ancient

Alexandria. Such structures were part of a Necropolis (or "city of the dead") that was

probably built (according to Egyptian tradition) on the western edge of the town. Most of the

rest of the Necropolis, however, was probably destroyed over the centuries by earthquakes

or new construction. Archaeologists speculate that Kom el Shoqafa was started as a tomb for

91

a single, wealthy family, but was expanded into a larger burial site for

unknown reasons. Most likely the facility was eventually run by a

corporation which was supported by members who paid regular dues. The

name of the site, Kom el Shoqafa, means "Mound of Shards." The name comes from heaps of

broken pottery in the area. Archaeologists believe that these were left in ancient times by

relatives who would visit the tomb bringing food and drink with them. The visitors, not

wanting to bring vessels that had been used at a gravesite back to their homes, would shatter

them and leave them behind in piles.

Layout of Tomb

On the surface above the catacombs in ancient times was probably a large funerary chapel.

From the remains of this edifice an 18-foot (6m) wide, round shaft descends into the

underground structure. Running around the outside of the shaft but separated by a wall is a

spiral staircase with windows into the shaft that allow light coming from the surface to

illuminate the stairs. It is likely that the shaft also enabled the bodies of the deceased to be

lowered down to the deeper levels through a rope and pulley system rather than being

carried down the steps. At the junction of the uppermost undergrounds level and the stairs

there are seats caved into the stone where visitors could rest. A short passage from here

leads to the rotunda room, which overlooks a round shaft that continues down to the lower

levels. To the left of the rotunda room is a funeral banquet hall known as the "Triclinium." It

is here that relatives would participate in annual, ceremonial feasts to honor the dead. Steps

from this upper level continue down to the middle level which is the main part of the tomb.

This section is laid out much like a Greek temple. At the bottom of the steps is the porch of

the temple set between two columns. This area was originally designed to be surrounded by

a single u-shaped corridor that contained the burial niches. As more space was needed,

however, additional rooms and halls were added, turning the complex into a labyrinth. Below

the middle level, at the lowest level, additional internment niches are located, but that area is

flooded and inaccessible to visitors.

Blend of Styles

The main tomb at the middle level is covered with the sculpture and art that makes this

catacomb unique. For example, in the room behind the temple porches are statues of a man

and woman (perhaps representing the original occupants of the tomb). Both of the statues'

bodies have been carved into the stiff hieratic poses found in ancient Egyptian art. The man's

head, however, has been chiselled into the lifelike style favoured by the Greeks. In the same

way the woman's head has been carved with a Roman hairstyle. On either side of the

doorway of the temple's facade there are two serpents carved in relief. These are meant to

guard the tomb. The Greek serpents are wearing traditional Egyptian double crowns,

however, and in their coils they carry both a kerkeion (a winged staff) which is a Roman

insignia and a Greek thyrsus (a staff topped by a pinecone). Above the serpents' head are

Greek shields carrying the image of the legendary Greek monster (Medusa) whose use here is

meant to ward off unfriendly intruders. It is this mix of art and culture - Egyptian, Greek and

Roman - that is not found in any other catacomb in the ancient world that makes Kom el

Shoqafa special. From the rotunda it is possible to enter a separate set of tombs through a

hole in the wall. This section, known as the Hall of Caracalla contains the bones of horses and

men. The name comes from an incident in 215 AD when the Emperor Caracalla, massacred a

group of young Christians. While we do know that such a massacre did occur, there is no

actual evidence that the remains in the hall are related to that incident. Why the men and

92

horses are buried together in the hall continues to be a mystery. The fact

that this set of tombs serviced several different cultures can also be seen by

the modes of internment themselves. The tomb has many sarcophagi for

the placement of mummies in the Egyptian tradition, but also numerous niches meant to hold

the remains of those who chose to be cremated in the Greek and Roman style. As one writer

put it, the catacomb is "visible evidence of an age when three cultures, three arts, and three

religions were superimposed upon Egyptian soil."

Attractive Value




Egyptians Forigners

2009 7 422 152 458

2010 7 937 109 636

2011 3 736 36 689

2012 5 644 38 230

2013 4 545 19 903



_____


_____


_____


_____



Level of usability

Full Partial(X) Minimal Absent (put an “x”)


Catacombs of Kom Al Shoquafa contains many tombs , but not all of them are opened to

visitors , and every tomb consists of many rooms "chambers" , only a few of them are opened

to tourists , this is due to their fragile condition .


Excellent Good Fair Poor (X) (put an “x”)


Catacombs of kom el shoqafa are in a great jeopardy. This amazing archaeological site which

is considered as one of the seven wonders of the middle ages is about to collapse.

The last structural maintenance was in 1995, so the whole site is in a very bad condition and

it needs many development and restoration projects. And After the revolution and the

93

complete recession of tourism in Egypt, the situation became worse

because of the decrease of the financial resources.


1. Gifts shop



Managing authority: Supreme Council of antiquities - The Egyptian monuments' Sector .

Usability - 2



Usability: admission fee 2 L.E for Egyptians 1 L.E for Egy.Students

40 L.E for Forigners 25 L.E for Forign Students


Institution Supreme Council of antiquities - The Egyptian monuments' Sector .

Contact person Abdel 3ale sa3d

Office (location) Inside the archaeological site .

Tel. (No) Fax (No) Website and Email (No)



1. There wasn't any structural restoration in the last 5 years .

2. The last structural maintenance was in 1995,


5 years

No functional requalifications implemented there in the last 5 years .


promotion, etc.)

None .


1. The area needs many big development and restoration projects.


each service .

3. Increasing the number of pumps that suck underground water from tombs , because

underground water is a critical issue in these tombs due to it's depth.

94


Environmental

sustainability



regular basis .


restoration processes on a

very long term periods of

time and that affects so

badly the structural

condition of the tombs .


resources.

Medium

Economic

sustainability

General decrease in the

level of services in the

whole area of Qaitbay.

Garbage everywhere.


between the

concerned

authorities

Medium

Social

sustainability



emerged after the

revolution

The absence of

governmental and


Medium



Environmental


Economic




95

Resource: Qaitbay Maritime Museum Code 10

Name (if relevant) : Qaitbay Maritime Museum

Type : Culture museum for sea life and war collectiom

Location : Qaitbay St. - Al Anfoushy

Administrative district : Al Gomrok district (customs district )



Qaitbay area is one of the main tourist destinations in Alexandria . This area attracts both

local and international tourists to visit the citadel and the Maritime museum mainly , and

other historical and cultural places that are nearby this area .

Related resources

1. Qaitbay citadel distance 0 (km) Public transport Yes

2. Water biology Exhubition distance 100 (m) Public transport Yes

3. Al Anfoushy cemetary distance 1 (km) Public transport Yes


Qaitbay Maritime Museum is one of the smallest museums in Egypt . The museum displays

different kinds of sea creatures and scenes from the Red sea and Mediterranean . It contains

natural coral reefs , many kinds of fish , seashells , shates & rays , sea sponger , fish's jaws ,

fossils and a huge skeleton of a whale .

It also houses a collection of several interesting artefacts from the wars that it has witnessed.

You can see relics from the Roman sea battles, the Napoleonic wars in which the fort was

bombarded, as well as the British wars in which it was taken. There is also an interesting

collection of sea diaphragms and sea animals.

96

Attractive Value



Year Tourist/day trippers

Egyptians Forigners

2009 319092 184170

2010 361719 188226

2011 264216 20183

2012 246190 21509

2013 142970 13736



_____


_____


_____


_____



Level of usability

Full(X) Partial Minimal Absent (put an “x”)


This small museum consists many display rooms; all of them are opened to visitors.


Excellent Good Fair(X) Poor (put an “x”)




There aren't any related facilities



Managing authority: National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries

97

Usability - 2

Opening periods: Annual


Usability: admission fee 1 L.E for Egyptians 5 L.E for Forigners


Institution National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries

Contact person Mahmoud Abdel Mohsen Abu Al3la

Office (location) Inside the Museum

Tel. 012-741-159-60 Fax (No) Website and email (No)



There was no structural restoration for Qaitbay Maritime Museum in the last 5 years . The

last restoration for Qaitbay citadel was in 2003 and lasted to 2005 , but the supreme council

of antiquities who is responsible for the citadel didn't restore the museum , because the

museum is under the responsibility of the ministry of scientific research .


5 years

There were no functional requalifications implemented there in the last 5 years .


promotion, etc.)

recently the governorate held a kind of small local event in Qaitbay area to promote domestic

tourism and encourage residents to visit Alexandria's tourist destinations .




each service .

3. The government should declare Qaitbay area one of the historical destinations in order to

protect the area from the consequences of overcapacity.

98


Environmental

sustainability

Slums Qaitbay area is near by many

slums , and that affects the


Qaitbay citadel as a tourist

destination.

Egypt's poor economic

situation esp. After our

revolution , and that

reflected on every

family in Egypt.

Medium

The lack of

restoration and

maintenance on a

regular basis .





condition of the building.


resources.

Medium

Economic

sustainability

General decrease in


in the whole area

of Qaitbay.

Garbage everywhere.

- Lack of coordination


authorities

Medium

Social

sustainability




The absence of

governmental and


Medium



Environmental


Economic




99

Resource: Alexandria Aquarium museum Code 11

Name (if relevant) : Alexandria Aquarium museum

Type : museum


Administrative district : Qaitbay St., Anfoushi district

Geographical coordination : West of Alexandria


Alexandria Aquarium museum lies next to Quaitbay Citadel ,yacht club and greece club

Related resources

1. Quitbay Citadel distance 37 (M) Public transport Y (Y/N)

2. Greek club distance 53 (M) Public transport Y (Y/N)

3. Yacht club distance 110 (M) Public transport Y (Y/N)


Alexandria Aquarium is a small aquarium museum in Alexandria. It was built in 1930 and is

near Qaitbay fort on Alexandria's Eastern Harbour. The aquarium exhibits many species from

the Mediterranean and Red Seas around Egypt, as well as some freshwater species from the

Nile and the Amazon. Animals on display range from fish to crustaceans and turtles (both

marine and freshwater). The Aquarium is also home to the Marine Research Institute.

The building is a sort of 'aquarium' with underwater 'tubes' extending down into the glorious

pure water of Alexandria to allow visitors to view the work carried out by underwater

archaeologists .

The building is a sort of 'aquarium' with underwater 'tubes' extending down into the glorious

pure water of Alexandria to allow visitors to view the work carried out by underwater

archaeologists . Enclosed inside the museum is the Marine Research Institute that conducts

researches and presentation of underwater cultural heritage , through educational and

training activities .

100

Attractive Value



2009 (324189 tourists – 309805 Egyptians , 14384 foreigners ) 4.43% international





% International Tourists :: (9.75 % ) (the percentage of international tourists all last 5 years )

Tourists (in the accomodations in Historical Centres) Not available


_____


_____


_____


_____


101


Level of usability

Full “x” Partial Minimal Absent (put an “x”)


all the part of the musuem is fully opened to the visitors




The state of preservation is quite good , not excellent

Related facilities (Ex.: museum, auditorium, guides, bookshop, etc.) :: no facilities

1. Maritime Museum

Availability/accessibility of information materials :: no information materials

Brochures ___ audiovisuals___ websites___

Managing authority: Ministry of Scientific Research

Usability - 2

Opening periods: Daily

Opening times: 9 AM till 10 PM

Usability:

free entry for handicapped and people working in tourism field


Managing authority

Institution : National Institute For Oceanography & Fisheries

Contact person : Dr. Ahmed El-Nemr

Office (location) : Ras at Tin ,Qesm Al Gomrok


102



1. annually maintenance

2.a new Aquarium


5 years

- no interventions of functional requalification implemented in the last 5 years


promotion, etc.)

- no events or promotions realized in the last 5 years


1. electronic gate for security

2. improving the material of aquariums for the sustainability

103


Environmental

sustainability

No risk

Economic sustainability The street vendors

It's one of Egypt's bad


emerged after the

revolution

The absence of

governmental and


Medium

Social sustainability Slums

area is near by many

slums , and that affects

the touristic

Egypt's poor

economic situation

esp. After our

revolution , and

that reflected on

every family in

Egypt.

Medium



Environmental


Economic




104

Resource Al Busiri Mosque Code 12

Name (if relevant) : Al Busiri Mosque


Location : El-Anfoushi, Midan el Masaged (Mosque Square)

Administrative district : Al Gomrok district (Customs district)

Geographical coordination: 31.205681° N, 29.883006° E


Al Busiri Mosque is one of the main tourist destinations in Alexandria. Thia area attracts both

local and foreign tourists to visit the mosque mainly and other historical and cultural places

that are near by this area.

Related resources

1.Abu El-Abbas Mosque distance 0 (km) Public transport yes

2. Qaitbay Citadel distance 1.5 (km) Public transport yes

3.El Anfoushy cemetery distance 1.5 (km) Public transport yes


The Egyptian poet al-Busiri (d.1294) is considered the most distinguished author of poems

praising the Prophet Muhammad (a.s.). His tomb and mosque in the Anfushi district of

Alexandria have recently been restored with the help of local benefactors, and are again

playing an important part in the life of the city, attracting visitors from around the world. The

present structure mainly dates from the year 1863, when Muhammed Said Pasha, the son of

the well-known Egyptian/Albanian governor Muhammad Ali Pasha, sponsored a complete

reconstruction of a much older and more modest structure. The architecture is of Ottoman

inspiration, with three large domes and a courtyard with ablutions-fountain (sadrvan).

Further remodelling took place in 1889 under the khedive Tawfiq, and again in the late 1990s.

The mosque is noted for its fine mural calligraphy, which includes 94 verses of al-Busiri’s

famous poem al-Burda inscribed in ta’liq script. There are also several important Qur’anic

inscriptions by the calligrapher Abd al-Ghaffar al-Duri, together with dedicatory lines in Arabic

and Turkish.

105

Attractive Value



Not applicable.

Tourists2009 ______ 2010 ______ 2011 _______ 2012 _______ 2013 ________




_____


_____


_____


_____



Level of usability



This mosque is open for prayers and visits all over the day.


Excellent Good Fair (X) Poor (put an “x”)







Managing authority:

106

Usability - 2


Opening times: __all day _________________



Institution: Ministry of Al Awqaf Contact person ___________________

Office (location)_________________________________________________

Tel. Fax (No) Website and Email (No)




5 years



promotion, etc.)




each service .

3. The government should declare the mosque area one of the historical destinations in order

to protect the area from the consequences of over capacity.

107


Environmental

sustainability



regular basis .




badly affects the structural

condition of the building


resources.

Low

Economic

sustainability

General decrease in

the level of services in

the whole area

Garbage everywhere.



authorities

low

Social

sustainability


phenomenons that has emerged

after the revolution

The absence of

governmental and


medium



Environmental


Economic




108

Resource: Graeco -Roman Museum Code 13

Name (if relevant) : Graeco -Roman Museum

Type : Historical Museum

Location :5 el Mathaf st. - Horeya st. (kom el Dekka)

Administrative district : Central district (Wasat)

Geographical coordination 31.199259°N 29.906872°E.


The Graeco-Roman Museum was one of the main tourist destinations in Alexandria. It

attracted both local and international tourists as well as students to visit and explore its

differant sections. Also it is surrounded by a number of cultural and historical places as well

as restaurants, caffees, shops and hotels.

Planing to take and add the place of Diwan El Mohafza to the museum.

Related resources:

1. Alexandria National Museum distance 500m

Public transport (Y, walking distance)

2. Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Alex. distance 1 (km)

Public transport ___ (Y

3. Kafafis Museum distance 1 (km) Public transport ___ (Y


The Greco-Roman Museum of Alexandria in Egypt was created in 1892. It was first built in a

five-room apartment, inside one small building in Rosetta Street (later Avenue Canope and

now Horriya). In 1895, it was transferred to another building that only had eleven rooms.

More rooms were added later to this building, now located near Gamal Abdul Nasser Street.

The museum contains several pieces from the 3rd century BC, such as a sculpture of Abis in

black granite; the sacred bull of the Egyptians, mummies, sarcophagus, tapestries, and other

objects offering a view of Greco-Roman civilization related to Egypt. Its collection is the

product of donations from wealthy Alexandrians as well as of excavations led by successive

directors of the institution, both within the town and in its environs. Certain other objects

have come from the Organization of Antiquities at Cairo (particularly those of the Pharaonic

period) and from various digs undertaken at the beginning of the century in Fayoum and at

Benhasa. Housed within a historic building whose beautiful neoclassical facade of six columns

and pediment bears the large Greek inscription, ‘MOYΣEION’, the museum consists of 27 halls

and an attractive garden, which offer an excellent introduction to Egypt's Greco-Roman

period. The museum has been closed for renovations since 2005. As of June 2014, the

building was still surrounded by scaffolding.



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apis_%28god%29

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_granite

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacred_bull

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mummy

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarcophagus

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tapestry

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greco-Roman_civilization



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharaonic

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fayoum

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoclassical_architecture

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facade

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pediment

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scaffolding

109

Attractive Value

Local Regional National International“x” (put a “x”)


Not Available

Tourists 2009 ______ 2010 ______ 2011 _______ 2012 _______ 2013




_____


_____


_____


_____



Level of usability

Full Partial Minimal Absent“x” (put an “x”)


the museum has been closed since 2005 for reconstruction


Excellent Good Fair Poor “x” (put an “x”)


some part of the museum has been colapsed

Related facilities (Ex.: museum, auditorium, guides, bookshop, etc.) not available




110

Usability - 2

Opening periods: closed

Opening times: ___________________

Usability: free entry___ admission fee ___ (price …..,00 euros)

Managing authority


Office (location) _____________________________________________________________




the museum is closed for requalification since 2005


5 years

there is no functional requalification


promotion, etc.) not available


reconstruction of the collapsed area , improving its infrastructure to be more sustained

111

Resource: Royal Jewelry Museum Code 14

Name : Royal Jewelry Museum

Type: Art and History Museum

Location : Abd el Salam Aref st. - Zezenia

Administrative district : East district( Sharq)

Geographical coordination: 31.2408850N 29.9630920E


The Royal Jewelry Museum is one of the main tourist destinations in Alexandria. It attracts

both local and international tourists as well as art students to visit and explore its different

sections.The Royal Jewelry Museum is surrounded by all the facilities needed for tourists and

visitors. Also it is surrounded by a number of hotels as well as retaurants, caffees and shops

and mall.

Related resources

1. Mahmoud Said Museum distance 500 (m) Public transport (YES), walking dist.

2. Yehia Mosque distance 100_ m) Public transport (YES), walking dist.


The Royal Jewelry Museum is an art and history museum in the Zizenia neighborhood of

Alexandria, Egypt. It is located in the former palace of Princess Fatma Al-Zahraa.

Its halls contain an inestimable collection of jewels and jewelry of the Muhammad Ali

Dynasty, 19th-century paintings, statues, and decorative arts are also exhibited in the rooms

and lobbies. The museum houses major jewelry pieces and art acquisitions of the dynasty of

Muhammad Ali and his descendants, who ruled Egypt for nearly 150 years from 1805 until

the Egyptian Revolution of 1952. Following the Revolution, the jewelry left by the Royal

Family was kept secure and unseen until a 1986 decree by President Mubarak was issued to

assign Princess Fatima Al-Zahra' Palace in Alexandria as a special museum to house those

pieces. The palace is in itself an elegant masterpiece of fine architecture and applied arts. It

was built in 1919 in the European Neoclassical architecture style. The walls and ceilings are

adorned with oil paintings depicting various historical scenes and natural scenery. The palace

windows are decorated with lead-inlaid glass artwork also depicting European-style historical

scenes. It has 4,185 square meters (45,050 sq ft) of interior space, and is surrounded by

gardens.

The museum was first inaugurated on 24 October 1986.

After several years of renovations and expansion it was reopened in April 2010, then it has

been closed to the public since the beginning of the January 25th revolution in 2011.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandria#Neighbourhoods



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemstone

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewelry



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statue

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decorative_arts

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_of_Egypt

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptian_Revolution_of_1952

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mubarak

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoclassical_architecture

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garden

112

Attractive Value

Local Regional National International“x” (put a “x”)


Not Available

Tourists 2009 ______ 2010 ______ 2011 _______ 2012 _______ 2013




_____


_____


_____


_____



Level of usability

Full Partial Minimal Absent “x” (put an “x”)


closed since January 2011 because of the revolution regarding the to safety and security

situation




the Jewelry of the musuem is well preserved according the safety issues


gift shops are available


Brochures and flyers


113

Usability - 2

Opening periods: closed

Opening times: ___________________

Usability: 40 EGP for regular / 20 EGP for students

Managing authority


Office (location) _____________________________________________________________




After the opening of the musuem in 1986 several requalification has been done the latest was

in April 2010 , there was requalification on the infrastructure and the presentation of the

Jewelry


5 years

no available functional requalification


promotion, etc.) not available


Hopefuly the situation in Egypt be more stable to be able to reopen the museum again

114

Resource: Anfoushy tombs Code 15

Name (if relevant) Anfoshy tombs

Type : Historical tomb

Location Bahary area, West of Alexandria, Anfoushy district near Ras el Tin Palace

Administrative district Al Gomrok district

Geographical coordination west of Alexandria


This area is one of the main tourist destinations in Alexandria. This area attracts both local

and foreign tourists to visit the alot of historical and cultural places that are near by this area

Related resources

1. Abu Al Abbas Al-Mursi Mosque distance 1.5 (km) Public transport yes

2. Qaitbay Citadel distance1.5 (km) Public transport yes


Anfoushi graveyards are located in the Bahary Area in the West of Alexandria, dating

specifically to the third century B.C, around the 250 B.C in the late Ptolemaic and early Roman

era. The graveyards were discovered in 190, where two funerary buildings and two

cemeteries were discovered. Tombs of Anfoushi have aboit five tombs. The forms and the

plans of the tombs resemble in their design the Greek ancient houses.

115

Attractive Value

Local Regional National International X


Tourists 2009: 936 2010: 780 2011: 264 2012: 348 2013: 444

% International Tourists








Level of usability

Full Partial X Minimal Absent


Some developments around the vault, but still under restoration work.


Excellent Good Fair X Poor


1-Defects in the limestone formation where tomb cut (high porosity, poor limestone and

fractures).

2-Rise and fall of humidity and temperature

3-Defects in previous restoration works

Related facilities (Ex.: museum, auditorium, guides, bookshop, etc.) Not available

Availability/accessibility of information materials Not available



116

Usability - 2


Opening times: 9:00 am to 5 :00 pm


Managing authority


Office (location) _____________________________________________________________




there is no maintenance in the last 5 years, the last maintenance was from very long time ,

but start now after the revoluation to make plan for its maintenance


5 years

no functional requalification is available


promotion, etc.)

Not Available


plan for solving the problem of the underground water and the problems affecting the

infrastructure of the tombs

117


Environmental

sustainability

Underground water The presence of

underground water

inside the chambers of

the tomb that may affect

its infrastructure

No available

funding resources

Medium

Economic sustainability Lack of facilities

arround the

attraction

El Anfoushy area is the

main area which contain

slums in alexandria

The living standard

of the residence is

very poor

Medium

Social sustainability Street vendors It's one of Egypt's bad


emerged after the

revolution

The absence of

governmental and


medium



Environmental

sustainability

4 4 4 4

Economic

sustainability

3 3 3 3

Social

sustainability

3 3 3 3


118

Resource: Cemetery Shatby Code 16

Name (if relevant) Cemetery Shatby

Type Historical Greek Cemetery

Location El Shatby station front of College saint mark

Administrative district Qesm bab shark

Geographical coordination East of Alexandria


The area arround the attraction is very near to the downtown which may attract the tourists ,

this area contains a lot of facilities

Related resources

Bibliotheca Alexandrina distance ( 1.0 km) Public transport yes


The cemetery Shatby exists since the first century BC and wasn’t used especially during the

third century BC. Stepped pedestrals for gravestones are still visile today. Faces of the

building are painted or carved in relief with traditional Greek funerary scenes. Some tombs

have Greek architectural orders like Doric and Ionnic colonnades. Others have funerary

couches in it, following the Macedonian custom.

Source: The Architecture of Alexandria and Egypt, C.300 BC To AD 700, volume 63 by Judith Mc Kenzie.

119

Attractive Value

Local Regional National International X Tourist/day trippers

flow attracted to the area close to the resource (estimate)

Tourists 2009: 269 2010: 215 2011: 28 2012 :144 2013: 61



2009 _____ (n. arrivals) % foreign tourists _____ _____ (n. stays) % foreign tourists _____


_____


_____


_____



Level of usability

Full Partial Minimal X Absent


Stairs to up and down in the cemetery, but it’s minimal (No disabled access). Not well know

by the tourist




No maintance from very long time ago years and it face lot of problem on its infrastructure

Related facilities (Ex.: museum, auditorium, guides, bookshop, etc.) Not available

Availability/accessibility of information materials Not available



120

Usability - 2

Opening periods: All the year

Opening times: From 8 am till 5 pm

Usability: 25 EGP for foreigners ; 2 EGP for Egyptians ;

20 EGP for foreign students and 15 EGP for Egyptian students.

Managing authority Under the supervision of Mr Mohamed Abd al Mageed (greco roman

theatre).

Institution _____________________ Contact person Mrs Mona Wadea

Office (location) _____________________________________________________________




1. No maintenance within these last 5 years

2. All maintenance was before January 25 revolution


5 years

No Available functional requalification


promotion, etc.)

Not Available


plan for solving the problem of the underground water and the problems affecting the

infrastructure of the tombs

121


Environmental

sustainability

Underground water The presence of

underground water

inside the chambers of

the tomb that may affect

its infrastructure

No available

funding resources

Medium

Economic sustainability Lack of Awarness of

this attraction

Lack of marketing

compaign for the

awarness of this

attraction to the tourist

No available

funding resources

Medium

Social sustainability No risk



Environmental

sustainability

4 4 4 4

Economic

sustainability

3 3 3 3

Social

sustainability

0 0 0 0


122

Resource: Mustafa Kamel cemetery Code 17

Name (if relevant) Mustafa Kamel cemetery

Type: Greek-Roman Historical Cemetery

Location Mustafa Kamel area, El-Moaskar El-Romani Street (Roushdy Zone)

Administrative district raml district

Geographical coordination East of Alexandria


The area arround the attraction may attract the tourists , this area contains a lot of facilities

Related resources


The cemetery dates back to the end of the 3rd century BC, the beginning of the 2nd century

(Ptolemaic era). It contains 4 subterranean rock cut tombs. The decoration of these tombs is

well preserved, providing vivid examples of Hellenistic mortuary art in Egypt.

Discovered in 1933, 34: Two types of tombs: 1) Two tombs cut completly under the ground

very well preserved ; 2) Partly built above the ground and partly under it but very damaged.

Source : www.sca-egypt.org (Supreme Council of Antiquities).

http://www.sca-egypt.org/

123

Attractive Value

Local Regional National International X Tourist/day trippers flow attracted to the area close to the resource (estimate) ________________

Tourists 2009: 328 2010: 216 2011: 155 2012:698 2013 :46




_____


_____


_____


_____



Level of usability

Full Partial X Minimal Absent


Not well know by the tourist , only group of tourist there is no individual tourist visit this

attraction




1- Large sarcophagus in good condition

2-There is another section of tombs that are open to the elements and these are in

particularly poor condition.

Related facilities (Ex.: museum, auditorium, guides, bookshop, etc.) Not Available

Availability/accessibility of information materials Not Available



124

Usability - 2


Opening times: From 9 am to 5 pm

Usability: 15 EGP for foreigners, 1 EGP for Egyptians

Managing authority


Office (location) _____________________________________________________________




there is no requalification in the past 5 years , the requalification is starting now after the

revolution , requalification on the infrastructure of some chambers of the cemetery


5 years

No Available functional requalification


promotion, etc.)

Not Available


there is a plan now for solving the problems affecting the infrastructure of the cememtery

125


Environmental

sustainability

No risk

Economic sustainability Lack of Awarness of

this attraction

Lack of marketing

compaign for the

awarness of this

attraction to the tourist

No available

funding resources

Medium

Social sustainability No risk



Environmental

sustainability

0 0 0 0

Economic

sustainability

3 3 3 3

Social

sustainability

0 0 0 0


126

Resource El Nabi Daniel Mosque Code 18

Name (if relevant) : El Nabi Daniel Mosque


Location : 21 El Nabi Daniel Street- Raml Station District

Administrative district : Raml Station District.

Geographical coordination: 31.12’03.5° N- 29°53’54.8 E


El Nabi Daniel Mosque is one of the main tourist destinations in Alexandria. This area

attracts both local and foreign tourists to visit the mosque mainly and other historical and

cultural places that are near by this area.

Related resources

1.Qaitbay Citadel distance 3 (km) Public transport yes

2. Abu el Abbas Mosque distance 2.2 (km) Public transport yes

3.Al Busiri Mosque distance 2.2 (km) Public transport yes


There are two different accounts of the mosque's namesake. In the first, the mosque is

named after the Biblical prophet Daniel whose life story is based in large part on the accounts

of the Old Testament but incorporates many aspects of Alexander the Great. The Macedonian

king founded the city of Alexandria and was buried in a golden sarcophagus at the site of the

mosque. Alternatively, the mosque may have been named after a Kurd, Sheikh Mohammed

Daniel who came to Alexandria from Mosul in the 15th century. The present Mosque of Nabi

Daniel was built at the end of the 18th century on the site of a 4th century roman temple and

restored in 1823 by Mohamed Ali. It is believed that this mosque was founded on the site of

the Great Soma Temple which was erected over the tomb of Alexander the Great

El Nabi Daniel mosque has a rectangular shape; it starts with an open court with a fountain in

the middle. The prayer hall is divided into two parts, one for men and the other for women.

127

Attractive Value


Tourist/day trippers flow attracted to the area close to the resource : Not applicable.

Tourists2009 ______ 2010 ______ 2011 _______ 2012 _______ 2013 ________




_____


_____


_____


_____



Level of usability



The mosque is open all over the day for prayers and visites.


Excellent Good (X) Fair Poor (put an “x”)




1. Abu El Abbas Mosque




128

Usability - 2


Opening times: all the day



Institution Ministry of Al-Awqaf__Contact person ___________________

Office (location)_________________________________________________

Tel. 03-3924903 Fax (No) Website and Email (No)





promotion, etc.)

No functional requalification are available




each service .

3. The government should declare the mosque one of the historical destinations in order to


129


Environmental sustainability

The lack of

restoration and

maintenance on

a regular basis .

The authorities

undertake restoration

processes on long term

periods of time and

that affects the

structural condition of

the building in a bad

way.


resources.

Low

Economic sustainability No Risk

Social sustainability No Risk



Environmental

sustainability

2 2 2 2

Economic

sustainability

0 0 0 0

Social

sustainability

0 0 0 0


130

Resources’ evaluation

Description

(type of

resource)

Appeal

Cod. Competitive

resource

Attractive

value

Usability Accessibility Organization Knowledge

of

Risk for

sustainability

01 Pompey’s pillar Memorial

column 5 5 3 5 5 3

02 Roman theater Cultural

attraction 5 5 5 3 5 2

03 Citadel Qaitbay Historical

citadel 5 5 5 4 4 3

04 Bibliotheca

alexandrina Library 5 5 5 5 5 1

05 Alexandria Opera

house

Cultural

attraction 5 5 5 5 5 1

06 Alexandria national

museum Museum 5 5 5 5 5 1

07 Montazah palace King palace 5 1 4 3 5 1

08 Abu El Abbas

Mosque

Historical

Mosque 5 5 4 4 5 2

09 Catacombs of kom

Al Shoquafa Tomb 4 4 2 2 4 4

10 QaitBay Maritime

museum

Culture

museum 3 3 4 2 2 3

11 Alexandria

Aquarium Museum Museum 3 3 4 2 3 3

12 Al Busiri Mosque Historical

Mosque 4 4 4 3 3 3

13 Greeco-Roman

Museum Museum 5 1 4 4 5 1

14 Royal Jewelry

Museum Museum 5 1 4 4 5 1

15 Anfoushy Tomb Historical

Tomb 3 2 4 2 2 3

16 Shatby Cemetery Historical

cemetery 3 2 4 3 2 3

17 Moustafa Kamel

Cemetery

Historical

cemetery 3 2 4 3 2 3

18 El-Nabi

DanielMosque

Historical

Mosque 3 3 4 3 2 3

Please use a 1-5 Likert scale: 1=very low – 5=very high

131

Matrix of tourism competitiveness

TERRITORIAL ENDOWEMENT

High Low

A

P

P

E

A

L

High Strategic resource

Pompey’s pillar, QaitBay Citadel,

Bibliotheca Alexandrina, Alexandria

Opera House, Alexandria National

Museum, Montazah Palace &

Garden, Roman theater, Abu EL

Abbas Mosque

Missing resource

Greeco-Roman Museum,

Royal Jewelery Museum,

Moustafa Kamel

cemetery and El

Anfoushy cemetery

Low Supplementary resource

Catacombs Kom El Shoquafa, QaitBay

Maritime Museum, Alexandria

Maritime Museum and El Busiri

Museum

Marginal resource

El Shatby cemetery, EL

Nabi Daniel Mosque

Needs analysis

1- Analysis of the interviews with ten key informants:

As for the first question: 1) In your opinion, what are the main problems/weaknesses of

your historical centre?

The historical centre is suffering from the lack of awareness among the local people

concerning the importance of tourism. Moreover, they are not aware of the importance of

the historical and heritage site/attraction and how to preserve it and deal with it.

The historical centre is also suffering from overcrowd , continues traffic jam, slums, street

vendors, beggars, no cleanliness, sewage problems, no enough parking areas and street

children. In addition, there are no efficient label and sign systems, whether for streets or

tourist attractions and description of antiquities presented. If individual tourists visit the

cultural attractions they will not be able to get information as the employees need to be

trained to deal with tourist.

Also, there are lots of old buildings with heritage value that are either misused or ruined to

build new ones.

Commentato [G1]: I would rephrase this part in order to make clearer that it is key-informants’ opinion to be reported there. It could be also useful writing something like: Manal Affara, Professor of Egyptology at…., told that/think that/etc.

132

As for the second question: 2) How do you evaluate tourism in your

historical centre? Is it sustainable? If not, why? What are the main

negative factors which impact the local context?

Alexandria has never received the number of tourists it deserves and statistics prove that the

number of tourists to the historical centre has declined a lot since both Egyptian revolutions;

25th of January and 30th of June. Moreover, it is rarely included in Egyptian tourism

programs.

The places around the cultural attractions are not well planned; they lack different facilities

and suffer from street vendors, crowd and slums.

Tourists cannot walk freely and might get annoyed.

The surrounding places of cultural attractions, therefore, need to be better planned and more

facilities provided. The local community need to get involved and benefitted from tourism.

Hence, their tourism awareness and respect to tourism and tourists will increase obviously.

As for the third question: Which is the state of art of cultural attractions/resources in terms

of conservation/usability?

Most of the interviewees stated that most of the cultural attractions are well preserved and

attract many visitors. However, few of them mentioned the problem of underground water in

tombs and the misuse of old historical buildings with heritage value. In addition few

attractions are closed like the Greco-Roman museum for almost ten years.

As for the fourth question: What do you think are instead the strengths and main

opportunities to develop a sustainable tourism of your historic centre?

Being located on the Mediterranean, the historical centre benefits from this natural resource

as well as the sun and good weather. It is considered as the city centre or down town where

many facilities are available. Several historical eras are found within a close proximity which is

rarely present in any other nation. To be more accurate, the presence of interrelating

historical attractions from 7000 years onward. These are located at a near walking distance

and are accessible even by local means of transportation. This part of Alexandria is famous

with its old buildings with heritage value and their unique designs.

As for the fifth question: What are the most urgent interventions to be done to make

tourism sustainable in your historical centre?

-Local community should be involved in tourism, where its awareness should be increased

and benefits enjoyed.

-several authorities should cooperate and work together in order to put long and short plans

that solve the several problems facing the historical centre

- Slums should be removed and streets cleaned and replanned in a way that solves the

problem of traffic and crowed and street vendors and street children

- More facilities at the cultural attractions should be provided like the tour bus and signing

and labelling of directions, streets and cultural sites and their antiquities.

133

- Better marketing and promotion efforts should be provided and to include

this historical centre in tourism programs

- Better sound and light system as well as printed materials and audio videos should be

provided and the antiquities better presented

As for the sixth question: How do you imagine your historical centre in the next future?

All interviewees agreed that this historical centre was successfully chosen. They believe that

in the future this historical centre will put Alexandria on the Tourist Map as Urban Tourism

Destination and will certainly raise the levels of international tourism demand and hotel

occupation as well as the length of stay.

In addition, a community-based tourism development model for heritage tourism that

combines the historical sites with local community will be provided. This model should

provide opportunities for achieving the three pillars of sustainability:

1- Social: providing opportunity to community member to develop their skills to participate in the STD and preserving their customs and traditions.

2- Environmental: through providing quick remedy for the current problems and set up sustainable system to eliminate pollution and waste disposal.

3- Economic: providing economic benefits to the local community to small and medium size projects or job opportunities for local community members.

4- The streets between the Catacombs' and Kom Eldekka can be modified in order to be

like "Elmoazz Street", where the tourist can walk freely and smell the scent of history

and enjoy the historical attractions at the same time, where old buildings are well

preserved.

2- Analysis of Historical center Residence Questionnaire:

1. The majority of the sample were females (60%).

2. 36% of the sample were aged 26 and below. 46% of the participants were between 27-49

years of age. 18% of the sample was above 50 years.

3. The residences of the participants were distributed as follows: 26% of the participants live

in the western district of Alexandria which extends from Elshatby to the borders of

Alexandria. 22% live in the center parts of Alexandria which extends from Elshatby till Bolkly.

The majority of the participants (42%) live in the eastern district of Alexandria which extends

from Bolkly to Maamoura. 10% of the participants come from governorates from outside of

Alexandria.

4. By asking the participants about the attractions they visited, it showed that most of the

participants (94%) visited Quaitbay Fort, 86% visited Bibliotheca Alexandrina and 84% visited

the Aquarium. A major part of the sample with equal percentages (58%) visited Montazah,

Pompey`s Pillar and The Maritime Museum. 52% of the participants were interested in visiting

Abou ElAbas Mosque and 48% of the participants visited the Greco-Roman Theatre, Elshatby

Cemeteries and the Jewelry Museum. Other places with less focus from the participants were

mentioned like Catacomb, Moustafa Kamel and Elanfoushy Cemeteries and the Opera House.

134

47

43

42

29

29

24 2

6

15

MOST VISITED AT TRACTIONS

No. of visitor

5.

When asked whether they were satisfied with their visit to the attractions, 50% found it was acceptable and 34% were not satisfied. 54% were not satisfied by the usability of the cultural attractions and 28% thought it was acceptable. 54% of the participants agreed that there was no sufficient information available about the cultural attractions, while 28% agreed that the extent of information available was acceptable. 32% agreed that the transport facilities to the attractions were to some extent available while 50% disagreed about the availability of transport facilities to the attractions. Although 28% of the participants agreed that the availability of information was acceptable, 60% of the sample disagreed with that. 72% of the sample was unsatisfied with the level of preservation of the cultural attractions, while 20% agreed they were acceptable.

10

14

10 1

1

18

17

13

15

19

18

14

14

16

14

10

8

9

7

5

3

1

0

2

1

T H E G E N E R A L U S A B I L I T Y O F T H E

C U L T U R A L R E S O U R C E S

T H E K N O W L E D G E G I V E N O N T H E


T H E P H Y S I C A L A C C E S S I B I L I T Y T O


T H E A C C E S S I B I L I T Y I N T E R M O F E A S E T O G E T

I N F O R M A T I O N

L E V E L O F P R E S E R V A T I O N

SATISFACTION OF THE VISITS TO THE AT TRACTIONS

1 2 3 4 5

135

6. When asked whether they were satisfied with the urban management of the cultural attractions in

their country, 24% noted that it was acceptable while 70% were unsatisfied with the management.

7. By asking the participants about the problems related to the tourist attractions, 60% agreed on the

lack of information available, 82% agreed upon the lack of preservation and 28% were on the same

opinion concerning the unsuitable pricing policies of the tourist attractions. 22% of the participants

agreed on the deficiency in managing these sites as tourist attractions and also agreed upon the

unsustainable management of the attractions (44%). 74% of the participants agreed on the insufficient

funding and investments related to these places. Furthermore, 74% of the participants pointed out

that one the major problems lies in the lack of coordination between local authorities. Some

participants noted that there should be more marketing activities devoted to highlighting these

attractions to draw attention to them. Deterrent

8. When asked about the weaknesses related to the tourist attractions, 52% agreed upon

overcrowding and 64% were on the same opinion that the attractions lack sense of dynamism and

vitality. Furthermore, 28% agreed that one of the main deterrents lies in the deficiency in employing

these places in tourism and the lack of sustainability (60%). Some participants noted that the

aesthetic appearance of the attractions is not highlighted and needs more attention. Also some of the

participants stated that one the main problems affecting the attractions is the proximity of these sites

to slums.

41

37

37

30

22

14

11

MAIN PROBLEMS

136

9. By asking the participants how they feel about tourism in their country, 36% were proud about it,

18% are welcoming tourists and 26% were aware of its importance. 20% of the participants were

annoyed and bothered by tourist activities in their country.

10. The educational level of the participants was distributed as follows: 6% PHD holders, 24% master

holder, 52% college graduates, 8% secondary school graduates, 6% elementary school and 4% other

degrees.

11. The occupation of the participants was distributed as follows:

16% unemployed, 6% retired, 26% students, 34% employees in private and public organizations, 10%

private business, 8% other.

Conclusion:

By asking the participants about their opinion concerning the cultural attractions in their country,

it showed that the majority of the participants (with 30% highly educated and 52% college

graduates) were not satisfied with the management, preservation, accessibility and the extent of

information provided about the attractions.

Most of the participants were interested in cultural and religious attractions on behalf of

recreational activities.

The majority agreed that more work should be devoted to sustainability, preservation and

accessibility to the site.

32

30

26

14

L A C K O F L I V A B L E N E S S U N S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y C O N G E S T I O N C O M M O D I T I Z A T I O N

WEAKNESS OF AT TRACTIONS

137

6

11

9

4

2 2 2

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

TOURS IT C OUN TRY/ N E IGH B ORHOOD

local tourist from other neighborhood Tourist from Abroad

3- Analysis of Tourist Questionnaire

1. The majority of the sample were females (52.5%).

2. 46% of the sample were aged 26 and below. 32% of the participants were between 27-49

years of age. 14% of the sample was between 36-49 years. And 8% of the participant was

between 50- 60

The tourist day tripper was divided to 13% from local tourist from other neighborhood (Tanta

& Monoufia) and 87% from abroad: the tourist are divided as follow 25.5 % from France, 21 %

china, 10% from Germany and Spain 4% from USA, UK and Malaysia and 2% from Japan,

Singapore, Syria, Ireland, Taiwan, Italy, Romania and Canada

By asking the tourist if it is their first visit to Alexandria or not, we found that 73 % from the

tourist was their first visit and 27% they visit Alexandria before. Most of the tourist are

staying more than 2 weeks about 47% and 21% of them are staying for 3 days and 16% of

them are one day trip tourist, 14% are staying for one week and 2% of them are staying 2

week. 37% from the tourist are staying in Hotel 28.5 % are staying with their

Friends/relatives, 28.5% of them are renting house/apartment, 4% are in B&B and 2% are in

resident. Almost of the tourist (53%) are visiting Alexandria for Relax and culture

27% are staying for studying Arabic, 4% for training purposes and 14 % for business and work

purposes and 2% for Seaside. 54% of the tourist are choose to visit Alexandria depending on

advice from friends, 12% for scholarship and training, 12% for business and work, 4% are

choosing this destination from Specialized newspaper/ travel guide, 12% from research on

internet, 4% from travel agency and 2% from mass media.

138

3

7

5

6

10

5

4

5

3

7

10

12

0

3

11

23

22

16

13

24

18

15

11

10

9 9

14

17

15

5 5

8

5

6

7SATISFACTION OF THE HOLIDAY

1 (not satisfied at all) 2 (not satisfied) 3 (semi satisfied) 4 (satisfied) 5 (totally satisfied)

When we asked the tourist if they are satisfied with their holiday almost of

them are totally satisfied with 30.5 % and also 30.5% are satisfied and 23%

are semi satisfied and 10% not totally satisfied and 6% totally unsatisfied

with their holiday.

When we asked the tourist of specify their satisfaction during their visit regarding

1- The Usability of cultural attraction: we found that 47 % of the tourist are semi

satisfied and 23% are satisfied, 14% totally unsatisfied and 10% are totally satisfied

and 6% are unsatisfied.

2- Facilities on place: 44% are semi satisfied , 21% are satisfied , 15% are unsatisfied ,

10% are totally unsatisfied and another 10% are totally satisfied

3- Transports: 33% are semi satisfied, 20% unsatisfied , 18 % are satisfied ,17% are

totally satisfied and 12 % are totally unsatisfied

4- Roads and highways: 27% are semi satisfied, 24% are unsatisfied, 21% are totally

unsatisfied, 18% are satisfied and 10% are totally satisfied

5- Hotels 49% are semi satisfied, 28% are satisfied, 12% are totally satisfied and 11%

are totally unsatisfied

6- Restaurants: 37% are semi satisfied, 35% are satisfied, 14% are totally satisfied, 8%

are totally unsatisfied and 6% are unsatisfied

139

6

5

7

6

8

9

7

6

3

11

17

20

15

15

12

11

11

17

14

13

6 6

4

9

A C C O M M O D A T I O N R E S T A U R A N T S P U B L I C T R A N S P O R T S C U L T U R A L A T T R A C T I O N S

C U L T U R A L E V E N T S

INF ORMATION ABOUT S E RVICES

1 (totally disagree) 2 (disagree) 3 (semi agree) 4 (agree) 5 (totally agree)

By asking the tourist what kind of transport did you use to come to

Alexandria:

We found: 55 % are coming with mixed solution (plane + train, plane + car, train), 41% by

puother means of transportation and 4% by their own means of transportation

Through this questionnaire we found that 72% of the tourist are using public transportation

(Bus, Micro bus and Taxi) and 28% they don’t use the public transportation

By asking the tourist if they get good information on place about the following:

1- Accommodation: 35% are semi agree that they get good information, 23% are agreed

, 18% are disagreed , 12% are totally disagree and another 12% are totally agreed

2- Restaurants 41% are semi agree, 23% are agree, 14% are disagree, 12% are totally

agree and 10% are totally disagree

3- Public transport: 35% are agree , 31% are semi agree, 14% disagree at all, 12%

disagree and 8% are totally agree that they get good information

4- Cultural attractions: 32% are semi agree, 30% are agree, 20% are totally agree, 12%

are totally disagree and 6% are disagree

5- Cultural events 27% are agree, 25% are semi agree, 22% are disagree, 16% are totally

disagree and 10% are totally agree

140

18

6

4

6 6 6

3

7

10

11

11

9 9

4

5 5

8

5

T O U R I S T O F F I C E S T A F F O F A C C O M M O D A T I O N

R E S I D E N T S O T H E R ( S O C I A L M E D I A )

MAIN S OURC E OF IN F ORMATION

1(totally don’t get) 2 ( don’t get) 3 ( may get) 4 (get) 5 (totally get)

By asking the tourists about their main source of information, they rate the source of

information as follow:

1- Tourist office:

49% of the tourist they didn’t totally get their information from the tourist offices, 16%

they don’t get information from the tourist office, 19 % may get information from tourist

office, 3 % get the information from the tourist and only 13% of the tourist who totally

get their information from tourist office

2- Staff of Accommodation:

28% of the tourist may get their information from the staff of accommodation, 25% of

them get the information from the staff of accommodation, 16% of tourists didn’t get and

other 16% totally didn’t get the information through this way , finally only 13% of tourist

are totally get the information from the staff of accommodation

3- Residents:

29% of the tourist may get their information from the residence, 24% get the information

from them, 21% totally get the information from the residence, 16 % don’t get the

information from the residence and 10% totally don’t get the information from them

4- Other (Social media):

38% of tourist totally get the information from different social media, 31% get the

information from social media, 23% don’t get the information from social media and 8%

may get information from social media

141

20

17

7

3 3 3

1B I B L I O T H E C A

A L E X A N D R I N AC I T A D E L O F

Q A I T B A YR O M A N

T H E A T E RC A T A C O M B C E M E T R I E S

P O M P E Y P I L A R

M O N T A Z A H P A L A C E & G A R D E N

A L E X A N D R I A N A T I O N A L M U S E U M

C ULTURAL ATTRAC TIONS

No. of tourist

By asking the tourist which cultural attractions did you visit during

your stay in Alexandria:

We found that the most popular places that the tourist visit it more are the Bibliotheca

Alexandrina & the citadel of QaitBay

When asked whether they were satisfied with their visit to the cultural attractions

mentioned above, 22% was acceptable for them and 3 % were not satisfied. The quality of

the cultural experience was acceptable for all tourists, 21% thought that the usability of the

cultural attractions was acceptable and 4% were not satisfied. 20% of the participants agreed

that there was no sufficient information available about the cultural attractions, 8% agreed

that the extent of information available was acceptable and 72% may be semi satisfied. 16%

disagreed about the availability of transport facilities to the attractions, while 13% agreed

that the transport facilities to the attractions were to some extent available and 71% may be

semi satisfied. 16% are satisfied by the accessibility in terms of ease to get information, 4%

are unsatisfied and 80% may be semi satisfied. 84% are unsatisfied by the level of

preservation and the of valorization while 16 % agreed by the level of preservation and level

of valorization. Finally 64% from the tourists are satisfied with the overall cultural identity

value while 36% are unsatisfied.

When asked whether they were satisfied with the management of the cultural attractions

in their country 44% noted that it was acceptable while 20% were unsatisfied with the

management and 36% was semi satisfied

142

26

24

15

14

6

3

L A C K O F C O N S E R V A T I O N

L A C K O F I N F O R M A T I O N

L A C K O F N E T W O R K I N G

L A C K O F M O N E Y S P E N D I N G

L A C K O F V A L O R I Z A T I O N

U N S U S T A I N A B L E U S E

MAIN P ROB LEMS

By asking the participants about the problems related to the tourist

attractions and the most things needed to be improved we found the

following: 27% agreed on the lack of information available, 30% agreed

upon the lack of conservation and 7% were agreed upon the lack of valorization, 3% of the

participants agreed with the unsustainable use of the cultural resources, while 17% of tourists

agreed about the lack of networking for the culture offer and 15 % of the tourist mention one

of the main key problem is the lack of money , some other tourist mention two other

problem are the scheduling and the cleaning of the cultural resources

When asked

about the

weaknesses

related to the

tourist

attractions: 47%

agreed about the

congestion and 21

% of the tourist

state the lack of

livableness and

the same opinion

21% of tourist

agreed that the

cultural attraction

not properly valorized and 5% of the participants agreed that the cultural resources are

unsustainable. Some tourist state that one of the weak point is that the price for the foreigner in

some places is same like the local tourist.

22

10

10

5

C O N G E S T I O N L A C K O F L I V A B L E N E S S N O T P R O P E R L Y V A L O R I Z E D

U N S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y

WE AK N E SS AT TH E C ULTURE ATTRAC TION

143

The educational level of the participants was distributed as follows: 56%

Bachelor degree, 18 % master and 20% are high school diploma and 3%

from elementary school

The occupation of the participants was distributed as follows: 31% are professional and 14%

have public/ private employment, 10% are unemployed, 12% self-employed and 33% are

students.

SWOT analysis

Strengths 1. Availability of souvenirs around historical center 2. Availability of facilities (e.g police station, hospitals, restaurants, café…etc) in the historical center. 3. Attractive view of the beach 4. Different accommodation types and categories are available (budget hotels to five star). 5. Different transportation facilities. 6. Various tourist activities (e.g shopping). 7. The historical center is a walking distance to most archaeological sites. 8. Many old buildings with heritage value are in good condition. 9. The historical center is connected to other districts in Alexandria and easily accessible. 10. Some historical sites are well-organized and preserved. 11-Wonderful weather all year round.

Weaknesses 1. Lacking of tourist information office near to the sites to answer tourist inquiries. 2. Lacking of up to date and satellite maps with the names of the streets, squares. 3. Low preservation levels in the historical sites. 4. Overcrowding and traffic congestions in the historical center. 5. No efficient label and sign systems, whether for streets or tourist attractions 6. Lack of labels to describe presented antiquities. 7. Nearness of some attractions to slums. 8. Weak promotional activities. 9. The place is overcrowded with street vendors and beggars. Lack of penalties to them 10. Lack of walking area. 11. No sufficient parking areas. 12. No efficient security systems and cameras in the historical sites. 13. Unqualified employees in historical attractions.

Opportunities 1. Possible coordination with local authorities for preservation projects for the historical sites. 2. Adapt visits to carrying capacity measures to preserve the historical sites and attain sustainability. 3. The historical center easy accessible to the airport. 4. Nearness to the port. 5. Possibility of restoration activities of old buildings with heritage and historical value. 6. The area around some historical sites should be opened to street walkers and tourists. 8. New events in the historical sites could increase demand. 9. Tour bus for sightseeing tours around the historical center 10. The idea of open museum should be implemented 11. More facilities and infrastrucure should be present to accommodate increased numbers of tourists 12- More attention from local authorities is given to

Threats 1. Underground water could affect historical sites and low maintenance activities in the historical sites 2. Conflict between different stakeholders around historical attractions 3. Noise. 4. Lack of awareness of the local communities 5. Some old buildings with historical and heritage value have been misused. 6. High population density in the historical center. 7. Smuggling due to lack of security. 8. Political instabilities in the country affecting tourism demand. 9. low funding for restoration activities, employee training and marketing campaigns

144

tourism in the city 13-More inspection should be available 14- More suitable pricing policies in the historical attractions 15- Action plan for the development of Alexandria.

Provide opportunities for achieving the three pillars of sustainability:

1- Social: providing opportunity to community member to develop their skills to participate in

the STD and preserving their customs and traditions.

2- Environmental: through providing quick remedy for the current problems and set up

sustainable system to eliminate pollution and waste disposal.

3- Economic: providing economic benefits to the local community to small and medium size

projects or job opportunities for local community members.

145

B. Territorial Report - prescriptive section: WHO DO WE WANT TO BE?

Solutions/interventions/measures to mitigate risk factors:

Risk factor Possible intervention

Environmental

sustainability

Underground water Regular maintenance for the sites

and provide different source of

fund

Waste disposal Waste management and recycling

Air pollution & Noise Limiting vehicle accessibility and

organizing more walking area

around the historical sites

Risk on the heritage building

situtated on the Beach

Regular maintenance and provide

different source of fund

Economic

sustainability

Lack of security in the historical sites Provide more fund for applying

different security system

Lack of restoration activities Provide more funding

Deterioration of economical

conditions ,leads to illegal activities

Developing laws to limit those

illegal activity

Social

sustainability

Lack of awareness of the local

community

Organizing workshops,

cooperation with local authorities

in descision making

Unqualified employees in the

historical sites

Training activity for the

enhancement of their skills

Presence of slums around some

historical sites

Provide them with homogenized

new residence

Street vendors

Creation of an open market to

collect all street vendors away

from the historical sites

Overlood on the infrastructure of the

historical centerdue to the increase of

the number of tourist

Provide more funding resources to

create new facilities and new

infrastructure

146

Appendix:

Appendix 1 Detailed of Governorate for the comparative study

Appendix 2 Interview with the Key Informants

Appendix 3 References

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