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Key Features of Globalization

• Integration of World Economy

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Key Features of Globalization

• Integration of World Economy

• Mass, Instantaneous, GlobalCommunications

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Key Features of Globalization

• Integration of World Economy

• Mass, Instantaneous, GlobalCommunications

• Diminished Significance of NationalBorders

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Key Features of Globalization

• Integration of World Economy

• Mass, Instantaneous, GlobalCommunications

• Diminished Significance of NationalBorders

• Need For International Institutions

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21st Century National Security

Threats

Terrorism & Non-State Actors

Climate Change

Nuclear ProliferationPandemic Flu & EmergingInfectious Disease

Human Migration Energy

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Rise of Islamist Extremist Ideology

Religious

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Rise of Islamist Extremist Ideology

Historical

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Rise of Islamist Extremist Ideology

Historical

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Rise of Islamist Extremist Ideology

Cultural

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Rise of Islamist Extremist Ideology

Political

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Birth of Islam

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Rapid Spread of Islam

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Rapid Spread of Islam

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Rapid Spread of Islam

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Rapid Spread of Islam

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Islamic Decline

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Salafism

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Salafism

• Return to original practice of the Prophet

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Salafism

• Return to original practice of the Prophet

• Rejects foreign influences in religionadopted as Islam spread (like venerating

graves of Islamic prophets and saints)

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Salafism

• Return to original practice of the Prophet

• Rejects foreign influences in religionadopted as Islam spread (like venerating

graves of Islamic prophets and saints)• Rejects concepts like economics, politics,

democracy, scientific theory as both

unpure and foreign influences

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Salafism

• Return to original practice of the Prophet

• Rejects foreign influences in religionadopted as Islam spread (like venerating

graves of Islamic prophets and saints)• Rejects concepts like economics, politics,

democracy, scientific theory as both

unpure and foreign influences

• Muslims should be governed by shari’a

law (law derived from God, not from man)

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Salfism - Three Paths

Piety – Tablighi JammatPolitics – Muslim Brotherhood

Revolt – 

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Salafi Jihad Intellectuals

Sayyid Qutb1906-1966

The umma must “become an active,harmonious, and cooperative group …

working under a leadership which isindependent from jahili leadership and directsthem to abolish the influences of the jahili life.”

“If we insist on calling Islamic Jihad adefensive movement, then we must changethe meaning of the word ‘defense’ and meanby it ‘defense of man’ against those elementswhich limit his freedom.”

Islam is not a heritage of any particular race orcountry; this is God’s religion and it is for thewhole world. It has the right to destroy all

obstacles in the form of institutions andtraditions which limit man’s freedom ofchoice.”

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Salafi Jihad Intellectuals

Muhammed Abd al-Salam Faraj1954-1982

“We have to establish the Rule of God’s Religionin our own country first, and to make the Wordof God supreme….There is no doubt that thefirst battlefield for jihad is the extermination ofthese infidel leaders and to replace them by acomplete Islamic Organization.”

“The establishment of an Islamic State is anobligation for the Muslims… If, moreover, (sucha) state cannot be established without war, thenthis war is an obligation as well.”

“Know that when jihad is an individual duty,there is no (need) to ask permission of (your)parents to leave to wage jihad, as the juristshave said; it is thus similar to prayer andfasting.”

St t f I l d 1970 &

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State of Islamdom – 1970s &

1980s

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Afghan Mujahideen

From the Near Enem to the Far

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From the Near Enemy to the Far

Enemy

Declaration of War

Against The AmericansOccupying the Land ofThe Two Holy Places

(Expel the Polytheists FromThe Arabian Peninsula)

August, 1996

“It is no secret to you my

brothers, that the people ofIslam have been afflicted withoppression, hostility andinjustice by the Judeo-Christian

alliance and its supporters.This show our enemies’ beliefthat Muslims’ blood is thecheapest and that theirproperty and wealth is merelyloot.”

From the Near Enemy to the Far

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From the Near Enemy to the Far

Enemy

Declaration of War

Against The AmericansOccupying the Land ofThe Two Holy Places

(Expel the Polytheists FromThe Arabian Peninsula)

August, 1996

“In the face of the attacks and

massacres committed againstMuslims everywhere, the latestand most serious of which --

the greatest disaster to befallthe Muslims -- since the deathof the Prophet Muhammad – isthe occupation of Saudi Arabia,which is the cornerstone of theIslamic world.”

From the Near Enemy to the Far

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From the Near Enemy to the Far

Enemy

Declaration of War

Against The AmericansOccupying the Land ofThe Two Holy Places

(Expel the Polytheists FromThe Arabian Peninsula)

August, 1996

“We need to study theappropriate paths to take inorder to restore things to goodorder, and to restore to thepeople their rights after the

considerable damage andharm inflicted on their life andreligion. … The situation inSaudi Arabia has begun toresemble a huge volcano thatis about to explode and destroyunbelief and corruption,

wherever it comes from.”

From the Near Enemy to the Far

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From the Near Enemy to the Far

Enemy

Declaration of War

Against The AmericansOccupying the Land ofThe Two Holy Places

(Expel the Polytheists FromThe Arabian Peninsula)

August, 1996

“The situation cannot be

rectified … unless the root ofthe problem is tackled. Henceit is essential to hit the main

enemy who divided the Ummah into small and little countriesand pushed it back, for the last

few decades into a state ofconfusion.”

From the Near Enemy to the Far

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From the Near Enemy to the Far

Enemy

Declaration of War

Against The AmericansOccupying the Land ofThe Two Holy Places

(Expel the Polytheists FromThe Arabian Peninsula)

August, 1996

“Men of the radiant future

of our umma ofMuhammad, raise the

banner of jihad up highagainst the Judeo-American alliance that has

occupied the holy places ofIslam”

From the Near Enemy to the Far

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From the Near Enemy to the Far

Enemy

Declaration of War

Against The AmericansOccupying the Land ofThe Two Holy Places

(Expel the Polytheists FromThe Arabian Peninsula)

August, 1996

“I say to our Muslim brothersacross the world: your brothersin Saudi Arabia and Palestineare calling for your help andasking you to share with them

in the jihad against theenemies of God, your enemiesthe Israelis and Americans.They are asking you to defythem in whatever way youpossibly can, so as to expelthem in defeat and humiliation

from the holy places of Islam.”

From the Near Enemy to the Far

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From the Near Enemy to the Far

Enemy

Declaration of War

Against The AmericansOccupying the Land ofThe Two Holy Places

(Expel the Polytheists FromThe Arabian Peninsula)

August, 1996

“I say to our Muslim brothersacross the world: your brothersin Saudi Arabia and Palestineare calling for your help andasking you to share with them

in the jihad against theenemies of God, your enemiesthe Israelis and Americans.They are asking you to defythem in whatever way youpossibly can, so as to expelthem in defeat and humiliation

from the holy places of Islam.”

From the Near Enemy to the Far

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From the Near Enemy to the Far

Enemy

Declaration of War

Against The AmericansOccupying the Land ofThe Two Holy Places

(Expel the Polytheists FromThe Arabian Peninsula)

August, 1996

“Cavalry of Islam, bemounted!”

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From the Near Enemy to the Far

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From the Near Enemy to the Far

Enemy

Declaration of War

Against The AmericansOccupying the Land ofThe Two Holy Places

(Expel the Polytheists FromThe Arabian Peninsula)

August, 1996

“Cavalry of Islam, bemounted!”

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Declaration of Jihad -- 1998

“All these American crimes and sins are aclear proclamation of war against God, hisMessenger, and the Muslims. Religiousscholars throughout Islamic history have

agreed that jihad is an individual duty whenan enemy attacks Muslim countries.”

D l i f Jih d

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Declaration of Jihad -- 1998

We pronounce this judgment:To kill the Americans and their allies – civilians and military – is an individual dutyincumbent upon every Muslim … in order to

liberate the al-Asqa Mosque and the HolyMosque from their grip.

Kenya & Tanzania

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213 Killed

4000 Injured

Kenya & Tanzania

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17 Sailors Killed

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202 Killed

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202 Killed

Bali

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Madrid

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191 Killed

2050 Wounded

T b

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Taba

Sharm el-Sheikh

34 Killed

88 Killed

L d

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London

52 Killed

700 Injured

al Qaeda In Iraq

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al Qaeda In Iraq

Thousands Killed

Final Thoughts

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Final Thoughts

• Islamist extremist terrorism is based on a deeplyheld religious ideology

• This ideology is a reaction to the decline of Islam

and rejection of our global, modern world

• Combating terrorism requires development of anequally powerful, global ideological response