Date post: | 15-Jul-2015 |
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History of TerrorismTerrorism= violent acts which are intended
to create fear (terror) and are performed for a religious, political or ideological (way of thinking) goal and deliberately target or disregard the safety of civilians
word comes from the French Revolution's "Reign of Terror” (French government killing people)
Robespierre's Jacobins executed 12,000 people deemed enemies of the Revolution
Over the next century this “Jacobin” feel spread through Europe, Asia and the United States
Why Terrorism? Promotes fear and power
Exterminate a group of people
Religious motivation
Ethnic hatred
Politically motivated
Tactics of Terrorists Guns, Explosives, Airplanes
or other vehicles with plenty of gasoline, chemical (anthrax), Internet, Radiological, Nuclear, Violence, Hostages, hijacking, suicide attacks, bombing
The map below, compiled by Wm. Robert Johnston, and last updated 24 August 2008, shows the worst terrorist attacks, worst meaning
attacks resulting in 100 or more fatalities:
Terrorism Around the World
• 1. Middle East• Many terrorists have roots to the
Israeli-Palestinian conflict
• Many believe the only way is to
settle the land issue, but
violence still continues
2. Europe• Catholic Irish
Republican Army
(IRA) vs. British
(because Britain
opposed control of
Northern Ireland)
3. Asia• Afghanistan (southwest Asia) has
become a haven for international
terrorists after the Taliban came
to power in 1996
• Osama bin Laden=
Saudi Arabian, Afghanistan,
mountain hideouts, al-Qaeda
• Japan- religious cult, “Supreme
Truth”
4. Africa• Al-Qaeda operated in many
African countries
• 1998- bombings at the US
embassies in Kenya and
Tanzania
5. Latin America
• Narcoterrorism=
terrorism linked to drug
trafficking
• FARC= Revolutionary
Armed Forces of
Colombia- left winged
guerrilla group, links to
narco
Al-Qaeda = global Sunni Islamist
militant group founded by Osama bin Laden (sometime between 1988 & 1989)
Jihad
Radical extremists
Had grown through the decade of 2001-2011
Style has been described as, “centralization of decision, and decentralization of execution”
Osama (bin Mohammed bin Awad) bin Laden
Member of the wealthy Saudi bin Laden family (family worth $5 billion)
Raised Wahhabi Muslim (branch of Islam that is dedicated to purging Islam of “impurities”)
FBI’s most wanted list
Remained in hiding
Killed on May 2, 2011
Bin Laden’s Death Killed in a private residential
compound in Pakistan
Killed by US Navy SEALS and CIA operatives in a covert operation ordered by US President, Barack Obama
His body was buried at sea
Al-Qaeda acknowledged his death on May 6, 2011 and vowed to retaliate
9/11 4 coordinated suicide attacks against
the US
19 Al-Qaeda terrorists hijacked 4 passenger jets
Targets: Twin Towers of the WTC in NY, Pentagon in Arlington, VA, Washington DC
3,000 died in the attacks
Result/Reaction: Entered War in Afghanistan Purpose: depose the Taliban (who
harbored al-Qaeda member)
US Responds• Osama bin Laden
• Antiterrorism Measures
• Department of Homeland
Security- 2002, coordinated
national efforts against terrorism
• “Sleepers”= those who move to
a country, blend in, and then
attack when the time is right
• USA Patriot Act= antiterrorism
bill
• Aviation Security