1
Tertiary Reverse Osmosis MembranesTertiary Reverse Osmosis Membranes
Tuesday, August 11, 2009 *1:00pm – 3:00pm Eastern Time
Webcast SpeakersWebcast Speakers
Tom Seacord, P.E., Tom Seacord, P.E., CarolloCarollo EngineersEngineersR. Bruce Chalmers, P.E., CDMR. Bruce Chalmers, P.E., CDMAlex Wesner, P.E., SPIAlex Wesner, P.E., SPIModerator: Paul J Schuler P E GE Water &Moderator: Paul J Schuler P E GE Water &Moderator: Paul J. Schuler, P.E., GE Water & Moderator: Paul J. Schuler, P.E., GE Water & Process TechnologiesProcess Technologies
2
T i TTertiary TreatmentReverse Osmosis 101
Tom Seacord, P.E.
Topics to be Discussed
Drivers for using RO in tertiary treatmentFundamentalsRO system componentsMeasuring RO performance
3
Drivers for Using RO in Tertiary Applications
Health and SafetyWater Quality
• TDS, Trace Organics, etc.Regulatory
• Effluent Guidelines• California Title 22 (or similar)
Osmosis is a Natural Process Occurring in Living Cells
Two solutions of
Solution A Solution B(L S li it )
different salinity separated by a semipermeable membrane
SemipermeableMembrane
(High Salinity) (Lower Salinity)
4
During Osmosis, Water Flows From the Solution of Low Concentration to the Solution of
Higher ConcentrationWater flows from
Solution A
OsmoticPressure
Solution B (lower salinity) to Solution A until salinity is balanced – equilibrium reached
SemipermeableMembrane
Solution ASolution B
In Reverse Osmosis (RO), Pressure is Applied to the High Salinity Solution to Create Movement in the Reverse Direction
Pressure applied to high salinity solution to overcome osmotic pressure and force water to diffuse in opposite direction
Pressure
Solution A Solution B
SemipermeableMembrane
Solution A
5
RO Membranes Do Not Have Pores - Salt Rejection is Based Upon Diffusion
Diffusion of Salt Through an RO M b I i il i fl d bMembrane Is primarily influenced by:
Temperature, TDS, foulingIf water quality is constant, (e.g., groundwater quality), diffusion occurs at a constant rate and permeate quality will notconstant rate and permeate quality will not change. Therefore, for a groundwater RO system:
If flux ↑ permeate TDS ↓If flux ↓ permeate TDS ↑
Flat Sheets of Membrane Material and Spacers are Combined into a “Spiral Wound” Membrane
Element for Commercial Use
6
Membrane Elements are Housed in Pressure Vessels so that Pressurized Feed Water can be
Applied to the Membrane
Concentrate
Permeate/ProductFeed
Membrane Element
Membrane Operating Conditions Vary Within a Pressure Vessel
Concentrate
Permeate/ProductFeed
More Prone toMembrane Scaling
Lowest TDSHighest Pressure
Highest TDSLowest Pressure
Distance Along Vessel
Recovery (%)
Tail EndFront End
7
RO Vessels are Staged into an Array to Produce Desirable Hydraulics as Recovery
Increases1st Stage 2nd Stage Concentrate
Array Basics:1 t St t t b 2 d St f d
Feed
Permeate (typ.)
1st Stage concentrate becomes 2nd Stage feedArray is staged to maintain minimum/maximum flows into and out of membrane elements
Minimum flow: 12 gpm per elementMaximum flow: 65 gpm per element
Pressure Vessels are Groupedin an Array to Form an RO Train
8
A Tertiary RO System has Several Components
ReverseOsmosis
Brine To Treatment or Disposal
CartridgeFiltersUltra Filtration
WastewaterEffluent
Peroxide
Lime/CO2Corrosion Inhibitor
Ultraviolet Light
Disinfection
Mono-Chloramine
or Disposal
Horizontal Cartridge Filter Orientation Provides Easier
Access for Operators
9
Vertical Turbine High Pressure Feed Pumps are Commonly Used in RO Systems
This Tertiary RO Plant in Fountain Valley, CA, Treats 70
mgd
10
UV/Peroxide Treatment is Used for Disinfection and Micro-pollutant Oxidation
Post-Treatment is Typically Required to Prevent Corrosion
Lime/CO2 and Corrosion Inhibitor are Typical Post Treatment
11
Rules to Live by –RO Guidelines
Following These Rules will Result in Less Work for
OperatorsRO membranes are designed to remove di l d t i t f t (dissolved contaminants from water (e.g., dissolved salt)
Not particlesNot biologyNot gasesg
Free chlorine exposure will destroy an RO membranes ability to remove salt
However, monochloramine is okay
12
Measuring Reverse Osmosis Performance
We Monitor Performance to Determineif Fouling Has Occurred and What Corrective Measures are Required
T f F liTypes of FoulingParticle FoulingMineral ScalingBiological FoulingOrganic FoulingOrganic Fouling
13
Performance is First Determined by Design Conditions and Then Measured Against “Standard”
Conditions to Determine Fouling
Design ConditionsRecoveryFlux
Performance MonitoringDiff ti l PDifferential PressureASTM Normalized Salt PassageASTM Normalized Permeate Flow
Concentrate
Different Types of Fouling Occur in Different Places and Present Different Symptoms
Feed
Particle & BiologicalFouling Occur on 1st Stage Lead Elements
Mineral ScalingOccurs on 2nd (or 3rd) Stage
Tail Element
Tail EndFront End
Recovery (%)
14
We Monitor Performance to Identify Fouling and Help Identify Corrective Measures
Particle Fouling↑ 1st Stage DP↑ 1st Stage DP↓ 1st Stage Normalized Permeate Flow
Mineral ScalingGradual ↓ 2nd Stage Normalized Salt RejectionGradual ↓ 2nd Stage Normalized Permeate Flow
Biological Fouling↑Exponential ↑ 1st Stage DP
Exponential ↑ 1st Stage Normalized Salt RejectionOrganic Fouling
Gradual ↑ Overall Normalized Salt RejectionGradual ↓ Overall Normalized Permeate Flow
Product Recovery Measures the Percentage of the Feed Stream that Becomes Product
RO Membranes
Brine
Product or PermeateFeed
100 gpm
20 gpm
80 gpm
Brine
80
Recovery (%) = Product or Permeate FlowrateFeed Flowrate
X 100100
80 %= =
X 100
15
As Recovery Increases, the Brine Concentration Increases Exponentially – Concentration Factor
ConcentrationFactor
5
Recovery Controls the Mineral Scaling (Fouling) Potential
Recovery
2
50 80
Membrane Flux Measures the Product Yield per unit area of Membrane (gfd = gal/day ft2)
RO Membranes
Brine
Product or PermeateFeed
100 gpm
20 gpm
80 gpm
Flux = Product or Permeate Flowrate (gal/day)Membrane Area (ft2)
16
Fouling (Particle and Organic Fouling) Increase Exponentially at Higher Flux Rates
Industry Standards Flux Rates:
Fouling
Industry Standards Flux Rates:Groundwater: 14 to 16 gfd
Reclaimed Water: 12 to 14 gfd
Flux
Salt Rejection Measures the Percentage of TDS in the Feed Stream that is Removed
(Rejected) by the Membrane SystemRO Membranes
Brine
Product or Permeate TDS50 mg/L
Feed TDS1,000 mg/L
Brine
1,000 - 50
Salt Rejection (%) = Feed TDS - Product or Permeate TDS
Feed TDS
X 1001,000
95 %= =
X 100
(Approximation)
17
The Salt Rejection Decreasesas Temperature Increases
Diffusion of Salt Occurs
Salt Rejection
Diffusion of Salt Occurs at a Faster Rate at
Higher Temperatures
Temperature
Feed Side Differential Pressure is a Measure of the Headloss Through a Membrane Element
(psig)RO Membranes
Brine
Product or PermeateFeed
100 psig
85 psig
5 psig
Brine
ΔP = PFeed – PBrine
= 100 – 85
ΔP = 15 psig
18
Normalized Salt Passage Measures the Amount of Salt that the Membrane Passes
Salt passage changes with recovery, flux, feed concentration and temperature and needs to beconcentration and temperature and needs to be normalized
SP SP
P PP C C
S A
FA BAPA
FA BAPA FBS FA
=
+−
⎛⎝⎜
⎞⎠⎟ −
+−
⎛⎝⎜
⎞⎠⎟
⎛ ⎞ ⎛ ⎞2 2
Π ΠΠ
SP SP P PP C C
S AFS BS
PSFS BS
PS FBA FS
=+
−⎛⎝⎜
⎞⎠⎟ −
+−
⎛⎝⎜
⎞⎠⎟2 2
Π ΠΠ
Membrane Flux Must be Corrected for Temperature and Pressure – Normalized
Permeate Flow (ASTM)
Permeate flow changes with feedPermeate flow changes with feed pressure, feed concentration and temperatureThe Normalized Permeate flow is a calculated value of the membrane production under a standard set of conditions Q Q
P PP TCF
P PP TCF
PS PA
FS BSPS
FS BSPS S
FA BAPA
FA BAPA A
=
+−
⎛⎝⎜
⎞⎠⎟ −
+−
⎛⎝⎜
⎞⎠⎟
⎡
⎣⎢⎤
⎦⎥
+−
⎛⎝⎜
⎞⎠⎟ −
+−
⎛⎝⎜
⎞⎠⎟
⎡
⎣⎢⎤
⎦⎥
2 2
2 2
Π ΠΠ
Π ΠΠ
19
Actual vs. NormalizedPermeate Flow
ActualStandardized
600
700
800
Flow
(gpm
)
Chemical Clean
400
500
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
Operational Time (hours)
T i TTertiary TreatmentReverse Osmosis 101
Tom Seacord, P.E.
20
Questions?Questions?
RO Systems in RO Systems in Advanced RecycledAdvanced RecycledAdvanced Recycled Advanced Recycled
Water PlantsWater PlantsR. Bruce Chalmers P.E.R. Bruce Chalmers P.E.
Miami, FloridaMiami, Florida
21
OutlineOutlineIndirect potable reuse (using RO)Indirect potable reuse (using RO)
Example ProjectsExample ProjectsExample ProjectsExample ProjectsRO System DesignRO System Design
Basic System DesignBasic System DesignAppurtenancesAppurtenancesWater Quality RequirementsWater Quality Requirementsy qy q
Pilot TestingPilot TestingLessons LearnedLessons LearnedAWT Facility CostsAWT Facility Costs
Indirect Potable Reuse ProjectsIndirect Potable Reuse ProjectsOther Similar FacilitiesOther Similar Facilities
Vander Lans WTP Vander Lans WTP (Water Replenishment District)(Water Replenishment District)
El Segundo (West Basin MWD)
Others Similar Facilities
Singapore AustraliaKuwaitChina
South District Water South District Water Reclamation Plant Reclamation Plant
(WASD)(WASD)
Groundwater Groundwater Replenishment Replenishment System (OCWD)System (OCWD)
Scottsdale Water Campus (City of Scottsdale)
China
22
Indirect Potable Reuse ProjectsIndirect Potable Reuse Projects
Project FeaturesProject FeaturesOrange Orange
County GWRCounty GWRWRD Vander WRD Vander
Lans WTPLans WTPMDWASD MDWASD SDWRFSDWRF
New reliable sourceNew, reliable source
Local, sustainable resource
Lower groundwater salinity
Seawater intrusion barrier
Maintain high basin production
Use less energy than imported
Defer construction of outfall
Reduce discharges to ocean
Orange County Water DistrictOrange County Water DistrictGroundwater Replenishment SystemGroundwater Replenishment System
Capacity: 70/130 mgdCapacity: 70/130 mgdP S tP S tProcess Systems:Process Systems:
Microfiltration/RO/UVMicrofiltration/RO/UVPump StationsPump StationsChemicalsChemicals13 mile pipeline13 mile pipeline13 mile pipeline13 mile pipeline16 Injection Wells16 Injection WellsKraemer Spreading Kraemer Spreading BasinBasin
Cost: $485 MillionCost: $485 MillionCourtesy of Larny Photography
23
Orange County Water DistrictOrange County Water DistrictGroundwater Replenishment SystemGroundwater Replenishment System
Microfiltration Transfer PS
Pump Station
Reverse Osmosis UV
Recharge Pipeline Percolation Basin
Chemicals Injection Wells
Water Replenishment DistrictWater Replenishment DistrictLeo J. Vander Lans WTPLeo J. Vander Lans WTP
Size: 3 mgd / (8 mgd)Size: 3 mgd / (8 mgd)PPProcess: Process:
T22 (tertiary filtered water)T22 (tertiary filtered water)Microfiltration/RO/UVMicrofiltration/RO/UV50% Alamitos Barrier 50% Alamitos Barrier supplysupplypp ypp y
Cost: $18 MillionCost: $18 MillionStatus: Operational 10/05Status: Operational 10/05Partners: WRD of S. CAPartners: WRD of S. CA
LA County Sanitation LA County Sanitation
24
Water Replenishment DistrictWater Replenishment DistrictLeo J. Vander Lans WTPLeo J. Vander Lans WTP
Microfiltration Transfer PS Reverse Osmosis
UV Chemicals Pump Station
MD Water & Sewer DepartmentMD Water & Sewer DepartmentSouth District Water Reclamation PlantSouth District Water Reclamation Plant
Size: 21 mgdSize: 21 mgdPPProcess:Process:
Tertiary filtered wastewaterTertiary filtered wastewaterMicrofiltration/RO/UVMicrofiltration/RO/UV--AA6 mile pipeline6 mile pipelineRecharge at Metro ZooRecharge at Metro ZooRecharge at Metro ZooRecharge at Metro Zoo
Cost: Est. $200 MillionCost: Est. $200 MillionStatus: Status:
Preliminary Design/Pilot TestPreliminary Design/Pilot TestOperational by Dec. 2013Operational by Dec. 2013
25
MD Water & Sewer DepartmentMD Water & Sewer DepartmentSouth District Water Reclamation PlantSouth District Water Reclamation Plant
Source of Aerial s:Google Earth Pro
OutlineOutlineIndirect potable reuse (using RO)Indirect potable reuse (using RO)
E l P j tE l P j tExample ProjectsExample ProjectsRO System DesignRO System Design
Basic System DesignBasic System DesignAppurtenancesAppurtenancesWater Quality RequirementsWater Quality RequirementsWater Quality RequirementsWater Quality Requirements
Pilot TestingPilot TestingLessons LearnedLessons LearnedAWT Facility CostsAWT Facility Costs
26
RO System DesignRO System DesignBasic System DesignBasic System Design
Membrane Module
Particulate Removal (MF/UF) Decarbonation
Permeate
Post TreatmentPre-treatmentPump
Reject
Product
Acidification (CaCO3 control)Antiscalant (Reduce Scaling)Cartridge Filtration
DisinfectionMicroconstituentspH AdjustmentCorrosion control
RO System DesignRO System DesignBasic System DesignBasic System Design
Is the AWTF a critical Is the AWTF a critical facility?facility?
Large ROF Pumps
facility?facility?Capacity Capacity –– ROP capacityROP capacityTrain size Train size –– to 5+ mgdto 5+ mgdMotor Hp Motor Hp –– to 1,000 Hpto 1,000 HpR d dR d d “N” d t + 1“N” d t + 1Redundancy Redundancy –– “N” duty + 1 “N” duty + 1 standbystandby8” 8” vsvs large dia. membraneslarge dia. membranesFlux rates: 9.5 Flux rates: 9.5 –– 12.5 12.5 gfdgfdHeight of RO unitsHeight of RO units
Multiple, high capacity RO trains
27
RO System DesignRO System DesignBasic System DesignBasic System Design
Recovery RatesRecovery RatesT picall 75% to 87%T picall 75% to 87%Typically 75% to 87%Typically 75% to 87%Two stage Two stage vsvs three stagethree stageRecovery dictates feed flow and upstream costsRecovery dictates feed flow and upstream costsRecovery limited by: solubility, equipment/energy Recovery limited by: solubility, equipment/energy costs, water qualitycosts, water qualityLower recovery can equate to higher concentrate Lower recovery can equate to higher concentrate disposal costsdisposal costs
Concentrate DisposalConcentrate DisposalOcean outfall, deep wells, sewer, blending, zero Ocean outfall, deep wells, sewer, blending, zero dischargedischarge
RO System DesignRO System DesignBasic System DesignBasic System Design
Semi- PermeateSemi-permeablemembrane
RO Feed (Product)
Concentrate(Reject or Brine)
RO Feed PumpSemi-
permeablemembrane
Two Stage RO System
28
RO System DesignRO System DesignBasic System DesignBasic System Design
Semi- PermeateSemi-permeablemembrane
RO Feed (Product)
RO Feed PumpSemi-
permeablemembrane
Semi-permeablemembrane
Concentrate(Reject or Brine)
Three Stage RO System
RO System DesignRO System DesignBasic System DesignBasic System Design
Multiple RO manufacturersMultiple RO manufacturersAll membranes are not theAll membranes are not theAll membranes are not the All membranes are not the samesameFoulingFoulingRejection of microconstituentsRejection of microconstituents
Rejection of ConstituentsRejection of ConstituentsTOCTOCNitrogen (TN, ammonia, Nitrogen (TN, ammonia, nitrates/nitrites)nitrates/nitrites)SDWRP SDWRP –– ammonia and ammonia and phosphorusphosphorus
Courtesy of OCWD
29
RO System DesignRO System DesignTypical Typical AWTF Process Flow DiagramAWTF Process Flow Diagram
SodiumSodiumHypochloriteHypochlorite
MF CleaningMF CleaningSystemSystem
CompressedCompressedAirAir
FeedFeed
To Waste/To Waste/RecycleRecycle
AutomaticAutomaticStrainersStrainers
Microfiltration/Microfiltration/UltrafiltrationUltrafiltration
BreakBreakTankTank SulfuricSulfuric
AcidAcidThresholdThresholdInhibitorInhibitor
RO FlushRO FlushSystemSystemReverse OsmosisReverse Osmosis
To UseTo Use
yy
To WasteTo Waste
SysteSyste
RO CleaningRO CleaningSystemSystem
CartridgeCartridgeFiltersFilters
DecarbonatorDecarbonatorFinal ProductFinal ProductClearwell andClearwell andPump StationPump Station
LimeLimeSodium HydroxideSodium Hydroxide
UVUVReactorReactor
RO System DesignRO System DesignBasic System DesignBasic System Design
GWR (70 mgd)GWR (70 mgd)5 Trains w/ 3 units each5 Trains w/ 3 units each> 15,000 RO elements> 15,000 RO elements
Vander Lans WTP (3 Vander Lans WTP (3 mgd)mgd)
1 Train1 Train1 Train1 Train>750 RO elements>750 RO elements
SDWRP (21 mgd)SDWRP (21 mgd)5 Trains w/ 1 unit each5 Trains w/ 1 unit each>5,000 RO elements (TBD)>5,000 RO elements (TBD)
30
RO System DesignRO System DesignAppurtenancesAppurtenances
PretreatmentPretreatmentMicrofiltration/UltrafiltratioMicrofiltration/UltrafiltratioMicrofiltration/UltrafiltratioMicrofiltration/UltrafiltrationnBreak tank/Transfer PSBreak tank/Transfer PSChemical additionChemical addition
•• SHC, sulfuric acid, TISHC, sulfuric acid, TIC t id filtC t id filt
GWRS Cartridge Filters & Chemical Systems
GWR RO Flush Tank and Decarbonators
Cartridge filtersCartridge filtersPost treatmentPost treatment
DecarbonatorsDecarbonatorsDisinfection/AOPDisinfection/AOPStabilization (limeStabilization (lime
RO System DesignRO System DesignAppurtenancesAppurtenances
Clean in Place SystemsClean in Place SystemsMembrane CleaningMembrane Cleaning –– 66
VLWTP RO CIP System
Membrane Cleaning Membrane Cleaning –– 6 6 months to 1 yearmonths to 1 yearTwo tanks/pumpsTwo tanks/pumps
Flush tank (ROP)Flush tank (ROP)Membrane flushMembrane flush GWRS Lime Stabilization System
Lime saturatorLime saturatorCIP solutions (MF/RO)CIP solutions (MF/RO)
RO waste systemRO waste systemElectrical room (MCC, Electrical room (MCC, VFD)VFD)
31
RO System DesignRO System DesignWater Quality RequirementsWater Quality Requirements
Operating permit from State Operating permit from State regulator:regulator:regulator:regulator:
Regional Water Quality Control BoardRegional Water Quality Control BoardFlorida Dept. of Florida Dept. of EnvEnv. Protection. Protection
Input from other agenciesInput from other agenciesCDPH sets major project CDPH sets major project j p jj p jrequirementsrequirementsLocal agency input (DERM)Local agency input (DERM)
Different agencies interpret Different agencies interpret regulations differentlyregulations differentlyA tiA ti d d ti lid d ti li
Environmental Resources
RO System DesignRO System DesignWater Quality RequirementsWater Quality Requirements
Parameter
SDWRP
GWRVander Lans
FDEPPart IV
FDEPPart V
DERM WQ Stds
DERM CTLs GWR
(mg/L)Lans
(mg/L)Part IV(mg/L)
Part V(mg/L)
WQ Stds(mg/L)
CTLs (mg/L)
CBOD5 20 20 30 N.R. (20) (15)
TOC N.R. 3 N.R. N.R. 0.5/RWC 0.5/RWC
TSS 5 (cont) 5 (cont) 40 N.R. (20) (15)
TDS 500 500 500 500 500
Total Nitrogen N.R.-10 10 N.R. N.R. 5 5
Total Nitrite + 10 N R N R N R 3 N RTotal Nitrite + nitrate
10 N.R. N.R. N.R. 3 N.R.
Nitrate 10 10 N.R. 10 3 N.R.
Nitrite 1 1 N.R. N.R. 1 1
Ammonia N.R. N.R. 0.5 2.8 (3) N.R.
Phosphorus N.R. N.R. N.R. N.R. N.R. N.R.
NDMA (ppt) N.R. N.R. N.R. <2 10 10
32
RO System DesignRO System DesignWater Quality RequirementsWater Quality Requirements
ConstituentOCWD GWRS Feed
OCWD GWRS
Product
SDWRF Feed
ProjectedSDWRP ProductFeed Product Product
Total Dissolved Solids (mg/l) 750-1860 60-75 340-450 50-65
Total Organic Carbon (mg/l) 7-16.5 <0.5 5-25 <0.5
Turbidity (NTU) 2-20 <1 0-5 <1
Alkalinity (as CaCO3) 187-350 42-44 184-284 25-50
Hardness (as CaCO3) 225-367 42-43 <60 25
Total Nitrogen (mg/l) 3.8-26.7 <5.0 25.4 <0.5
Ammonia Nitrogen (mg/l) 8.1-28.9 0.3 – 2.4 28+ 1.8
Phosphorus 0.6-2.7 0.01 – 0.4 2.2 <0.010
BOD (mg/l) 9.6-15.2 N.D. 2-9 N.D.
OutlineOutlineIndirect potable reuse (using RO)Indirect potable reuse (using RO)
Example ProjectsExample ProjectsExample ProjectsExample ProjectsRO System DesignRO System Design
Basic System DesignBasic System DesignAppurtenancesAppurtenancesWater Quality RequirementsWater Quality Requirementsy qy q
Pilot TestingPilot TestingLessons LearnedLessons LearnedAWT Facility CostsAWT Facility Costs
33
Pilot TestingPilot TestingSDWRP Study Goals and Information SDWRP Study Goals and Information Alternative water supply source for future Alternative water supply source for future d dd ddemandsdemandsAdvanced treatment of SDWWTP effluent Advanced treatment of SDWWTP effluent for groundwater replenishment (21 mgd)for groundwater replenishment (21 mgd)11stst AWTF on east coast for indirect potable AWTF on east coast for indirect potable reuse using MF/RO/UVreuse using MF/RO/UVreuse using MF/RO/UVreuse using MF/RO/UVBest Available Technology (BAT)Best Available Technology (BAT)
Based on Orange County, CA GWRS FacilityBased on Orange County, CA GWRS Facility
Pilot TestingPilot TestingSDWRP Goals and Information SDWRP Goals and Information
Meet FAC 62Meet FAC 62--610.564 610.564 il t t t i til t t t i tpilot test requirementspilot test requirements
Performance validationPerformance validationProcess optimizationProcess optimizationDesign criteria Design criteria developmentdevelopmentdevelopmentdevelopmentQualification of MF and Qualification of MF and UVUV--A equipment A equipment manufacturersmanufacturersQualification ROQualification RO
34
Pilot TestingPilot TestingSDWRP SDWRP Goals and InformationGoals and Information
Regulatory demonstrationRegulatory demonstration SDWRP 3 Stage RO Pilot Test Unit
Key information from dataKey information from dataComparable first stage Comparable first stage rejection of key constituents rejection of key constituents (qualification)(qualification)Limit of recovery due to Limit of recovery due to yysolubilitiessolubilities
•• Other parameters: pH, TIOther parameters: pH, TIDetermine overall nutrient Determine overall nutrient rejection (NH3rejection (NH3--N and P)N and P) SDWRP 1 Stage RO Pilot Test Unit
Pilot TestingPilot TestingSDWRP Process Flow DiagramSDWRP Process Flow Diagram
ConcentrateConcentrate
HH22SOSO44Tank and Tank and
Feed PumpFeed PumpBlow OffBlow Off
PlantPlantEffluentEffluent
SodiumSodiumHypochloriteHypochlorite
Tank and FeedTank and FeedPumpPump
totoPlant DrainPlant Drain
OverflowOverflowtoto
PlantPlantDrainDrain
ConcentrateConcentratetoto
PlantPlantDrainDrain
totoPlant DrainPlant Drain
OverflowOverflowtoto
PlantPlantDrainDrain
UVUV
ReclaimedReclaimedWater toWater to
Plant DrainPlant Drain
PilotPilotPlantPlantFeedFeedTankTank
FeedFeedPumpsPumps
forforPilotPilot
FiltrationFiltrationFeedFeedTankTank
ROROFeedFeedTankTank
Five RO and two UV system tested.Five RO and two UV system tested.
BreakBreakTankTank
ROROFeedFeedPumpPump
35
Pilot TestingPilot TestingSDWRP Site LayoutSDWRP Site Layout
SDWRP Pilot TestingSDWRP Pilot TestingUF MF
UF UV
UV
UF RO SystemUF
36
SDWRP Pilot Test ResultsSDWRP Pilot Test ResultsDeep Bed Filter Deep Bed Filter –– TSS Removal DataTSS Removal Data
18.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0
16.0
TSS
(mg/
L)TS
S (m
g/L)
TSS Limit = 5.0 mg/L
0.0
2.0
4.0
2/16/09 2/26/09 3/8/09 3/18/09 3/28/09 4/7/09 4/17/09 4/27/09 5/7/09 5/17/09 5/27/09 6/6/09
Sample DatesSample DatesTSS - Influent TSS - Effluent TSS Limit
SDWRP Pilot Test ResultsSDWRP Pilot Test ResultsMicrofiltration Microfiltration –– Silt Density Index DataSilt Density Index Data
5.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
Den
sity
Inde
x (S
DI)
Den
sity
Inde
x (S
DI)
SDI Limit = 2.0 SDI Units
0.0
1.0
2/16/09 2/26/09 3/8/09 3/18/09 3/28/09 4/7/09 4/17/09 4/27/09 5/7/09 5/17/09 5/27/09 6/6/09
Silt
DSi
lt D
Sample DatesSample Dates
MF1 MF2 MF3 MF4 MF5
37
SDWRP Pilot Test Results SDWRP Pilot Test Results TDS Removal DataTDS Removal Data
450
150
200
250
300
350
400
Con
cent
ratio
n (m
g/L)
Con
cent
ratio
n (m
g/L)
0
50
100
2/16/09 2/26/09 3/8/09 3/18/09 3/28/09 4/7/09 4/17/09 4/27/09 5/7/09 5/17/09 5/27/09 6/6/09
TDS
CTD
S C
Sample DatesSample DatesTDS - Feed TDS - Permeate
TDS Limit = 50 mg/L
SDWRP Pilot Test ResultsSDWRP Pilot Test ResultsAmmonia Removal DataAmmonia Removal Data
35.0
L)L)
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
a C
once
ntra
tion
a C
once
ntra
tion
(mg/
L(m
g/L
0.0
5.0
2/16/09 2/26/09 3/8/09 3/18/09 3/28/09 4/7/09 4/17/09 4/27/09 5/7/09 5/17/09 5/27/09 6/6/09
Am
mon
iaA
mm
onia
Sample DatesSample DatesAmmonia - Feed Ammonia - Permeate
Ammonia Limit = 0.5 mg/L
38
SDWRP Pilot Test Results SDWRP Pilot Test Results Total Phosphorus Removal DataTotal Phosphorus Removal Data
40.04.00
L)L)FDEP Proposed Goal = 50.0 mg/L
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
t Con
cent
ratio
n (u
g/L
t Con
cent
ratio
n (u
g/L
once
ntra
tion
(mg/
L)on
cent
ratio
n (m
g/L)
0.0
5.0
10.0
0.00
0.50
1.00
2/16/09 2/26/09 3/8/09 3/18/09 3/28/09 4/7/09 4/17/09 4/27/09 5/7/09 5/17/09 5/27/09 6/6/09
Efflu
enEf
fluen
TP
TP C
oC
o
Sample DatesSample DatesTP - Feed TP - Permeate
DERM Proposed Goal = 0.002 mg/L
SDWRP Pilot Test ResultsSDWRP Pilot Test ResultsTotal Phosphorus Removal DataTotal Phosphorus Removal Data
35 0
40.0
10 0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
Con
cent
ratio
n (u
g/L)
Con
cent
ratio
n (u
g/L)
0.0
5.0
10.0
2/16/09 2/26/09 3/8/09 3/18/09 3/28/09 4/7/09 4/17/09 4/27/09 5/7/09 5/17/09 5/27/09 6/6/09
TP C
TP C
Sample DatesSample DatesTP - Permeate
TP MDL = 2.0 ug/L
39
OutlineOutlineIndirect potable reuse (using RO)Indirect potable reuse (using RO)
Example ProjectsExample ProjectsExample ProjectsExample ProjectsRO System DesignRO System Design
Basic System DesignBasic System DesignAppurtenancesAppurtenancesWater Quality RequirementsWater Quality Requirementsy qy q
Pilot TestingPilot TestingLessons LearnedLessons LearnedAWT Facility CostsAWT Facility Costs
Lessons LearnedLessons LearnedImpacts to Existing FacilitiesImpacts to Existing Facilities
Planning Impacts Planning Impacts ––pumping collection areaspumping collection areas
OCSD Source Control Program
pumping, collection areas, pumping, collection areas, diversionsdiversionsOperational Impacts Operational Impacts ––recycle streams, polymers, recycle streams, polymers, deep wellsdeep wellsppSource Control Program Source Control Program ––WQ, permits, discharges, WQ, permits, discharges, monitoringmonitoringFacility Impacts Facility Impacts –– new PS, new PS,
ti t i tti t i tCourtesy of OCSD
40
Lessons LearnedLessons LearnedNDMA FormationNDMA Formation
Concern with NDMA productionConcern with NDMA productionJar testing to determine NDMA forming potential Jar testing to determine NDMA forming potential
Test Scenario NDMA (ng/L)
Expected Limit (ng/L)
1: Background Testing: Secondary Effluent 6.6 N.A.
2: HLD: Cl- point upstream of filtration/coagulant addition 23 2.0
g g pg g pRO credit for NDMA removal?RO credit for NDMA removal?
3: HLD: Cl- point downstream of filtration/coagulant addition 89 2.0
4: HLD: Cl- point downstream of filtration A 92 2.0
5: HLD: Cl- point downstream of filtration B 81 2.0
6: Secondary Effluent: Cl - addition for maintenance purposes/coagulant addition 17 2.0
Lessons LearnedLessons LearnedLime System OperationLime System Operation
120
45
50
FPW CharacteristicsFPW Characteristics
40
60
80
100
15
20
25
30
35
40
PW F
low
/Lim
e D
osag
ePW
Flo
w/L
ime
Dos
age
ue (M
FI/S
DI/T
urbi
dity
)ue
(MFI
/SD
I/Tur
bidi
ty)
FPW MFIFPW SDI5Turbidity (NTU)Lime Dose (mg/L)pH EC (uS)
0
20
0
5
10
10-A
pr-0
8
17-A
pr-0
8
24-A
pr-0
8
1-M
ay-0
8
8-M
ay-0
8
15-M
ay-0
8
22-M
ay-0
8
29-M
ay-0
8
5-Ju
n-08
12-J
un-0
8
19-J
un-0
8
26-J
un-0
8
3-Ju
l-08
10-J
ul-0
8
17-J
ul-0
8
24-J
ul-0
8
31-J
ul-0
8
7-A
ug-0
8
14-A
ug-0
8
21-A
ug-0
8
28-A
ug-0
8
4-Se
p-08
11-S
ep-0
8
18-S
ep-0
8
25-S
ep-0
8
2-O
ct-0
8
9-O
ct-0
8
16-O
ct-0
8
FPFPVal
Val
DateDate
41
OutlineOutlineIndirect potable reuse (using RO)Indirect potable reuse (using RO)
Example ProjectsExample ProjectsExample ProjectsExample ProjectsRO System DesignRO System Design
Basic System DesignBasic System DesignAppurtenancesAppurtenancesWater Quality RequirementsWater Quality Requirementsy qy q
Pilot TestingPilot TestingLessons LearnedLessons LearnedAWT Facility CostsAWT Facility Costs
RO System DesignRO System DesignCost ImpactsCost Impacts
RO System CostsRO System CostsCapitalCapital vsvs O&MO&MCapital Capital vsvs O&MO&MEnergy costs Energy costs –– Power is the highest costPower is the highest cost
•• Energy recoveryEnergy recoveryChemical costs Chemical costs –– the next highest costthe next highest cost
•• Threshold inhibitor, pH (acid)Threshold inhibitor, pH (acid)C blC bl b lb lConsumables Consumables –– membranes, lampsmembranes, lampsMaintenanceMaintenanceLaborLabor
42
AWT Facility CostsAWT Facility Costs
Treatment Plant Capacity Bid Date Bid Price$/gpd(6/12)(6/12)
Bedok (NEWater) 2.6 6/99 $11.5 $7.3
Vander Lans WTP (WRD) 3 8/01 $13.7 $7.2
Scottsdale (Phase 2) 4 12/97 $23.4 $10.0
West Basin MWD (Ph 3) 4.6 1/00 $16M $5.7
West Basin MWD (Carson) 5 11/98 $19M $6.4
GWR (OCWD) 70 6/02 $300M $6.6
Average $7.2
21 mgd SDWRP 21 mgd SDWRP -- 10/2010 Bid 10/2010 Bid -- Est. Cost: $150 Est. Cost: $150 -- $200 million dollars$200 million dollars
Typical AWTF Cost BreakdownTypical AWTF Cost BreakdownCapital CostsCapital Costs
MF 9% RO
12% UV3%
Misc. Mech.19%
Sitework13%
Buildings 23%
Elec/Inst15%
OH&P6%
MF
RO
UV
Mechanical
Sitework
Buildings
Elect/Inst13% /
OH&P
43
Typical AWTF Cost BreakdownTypical AWTF Cost BreakdownO&M CostsO&M Costs
MAINTENANCE COSTS9%
STAFFING13%
MISCELLANEOUS CONTRACT COST
5%
MEMBRANE AND LAMP
REPLACEMENT10%
CHEMICALS22%
MAINTENANCE COSTS
STAFFING (Phase 1)
MISCELLANEOUS CONTRACT COST
POWER
POWER41%
MEMBRANE AND LAMP REPLACEMENT
CHEMICALS
SummarySummary
RO has been successfully implemented as a RO has been successfully implemented as a f i di t t blf i di t t blsource for indirect potable reusesource for indirect potable reuse
New projects can be patterned after these New projects can be patterned after these successful facilitiessuccessful facilitiesThere are differences between reuse and There are differences between reuse and potable RO systemspotable RO systemspotable RO systemspotable RO systemsPilot testing is recommended to qualify RO Pilot testing is recommended to qualify RO membrane manufacturersmembrane manufacturersThe water quality requirements are criticalThe water quality requirements are criticalWhile the costs are high they may be lowerWhile the costs are high they may be lower
44
AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements
Miami Dade Water and Sewer Department Miami Dade Water and Sewer Department (SDWRP)(SDWRP)(SDWRP)(SDWRP)Orange County Water District (GWR Orange County Water District (GWR System)System)Orange County Sanitation District (GWR Orange County Sanitation District (GWR System)System)System)System)Water Replenishment District (VLWTP)Water Replenishment District (VLWTP)SDWRP Project Team (CDM, HS, SPI, BC)SDWRP Project Team (CDM, HS, SPI, BC)GWR Project Team (CDM, TT, SPI, BC)GWR Project Team (CDM, TT, SPI, BC)
Courtesy of Larny Photography
Questions?Questions?
45
Startup of TertiaryStartup of TertiaryStartup of Tertiary Startup of Tertiary Reverse Osmosis PlantsReverse Osmosis Plants
Alex Wesner, P.E.Alex Wesner, P.E.Separation Processes Inc.Separation Processes Inc.
TopicsPlanningConstruction CompletionConstruction CompletionSystems CheckoutChemical DeliveriesOrifice TestingMembrane LoadingI iti l St tInitial StartupFollow-Up MonitoringCase Study – West Basin Chevron RO Train 5
46
Planning
Develop a startup plan/scheduleC id h t t ill b d fConsider what water will be used for testingAre there any issues with disposal of water during testing (discharge of off-spec treated water, storage solutions)?Arrange for required water quality testsConfirm availability or procure test equipment
Planning
Recommended Test E i tEquipment
Silt Density Index (SDI) test kitHand held conductivity analyzer
OptionalIndividual vessel flow test apparatus
47
Construction Completion
All systems interfacing with the RO system should be substantially complete:should be substantially complete:
Pretreatment SystemTransfer PumpingChemical Feed (pre- and post-treatment)Process InstrumentationC t l P l (l l d SCADA)Control Panels (local and SCADA)
Get manufacturers’ certificates of proper installation
Systems Checkout
Complete functional and performance t ti ll RO t d l t dtesting on all RO system and related equipment:
Pipeline pressure testingChemical feed systemsPumpspValve actuators
48
Systems Checkout
Perform initial commissioning of control tsystem
Instrument calibrationLoop/alarm checksRemote control of devicesProcess graphics completeProcess graphics completeBase code complete and ready to test
Systems CheckoutComplete performance testing/commissioning of the RO pretreatment system (most likely MF orthe RO pretreatment system (most likely MF or UF)Verify quality of the pretreatment filtrate/RO feed:
Silt Density Index (SDI)TurbidityTTemperaturepHFree Chlorine/ORPComplete mineral analysis
49
Chemical DeliveriesRecommend testing all chemical feed systems (especially pretreatment chemicals) prior to RO ( p y p ) pmembrane loading
AntiscalantAcidCausticDechlorination systems
Consider pre-ordering RO cleaning or storage h i l d di it fichemicals depending on site specfic
requirementsOrder glycerine for membrane loading (gallons)
Orifice Testing
Test RO trains (together or(together or individually) prior to membrane loadingVerify all controls and proper operation of alloperation of all controlled equipment and systems
50
Orifice TestingOrifice plugs are placed in the permeate ports of the pressure vessel end caps (both ends)p p ( )
Permeate End – Drilled PlugOpposite End – Plain Plug
Undrilled plugs are available from the pressure vessel manufacturerCalculate orifice size to mimic train permeate flow rate at anticipated startup pressure p p pconditionsOrder extra plain plugs in case orifices are too large
Orifice Testing
TestAutomated Startup Shutdown Emergency Stop andAutomated Startup, Shutdown, Emergency Stop, and Flushing SequencesPump speed and modulating valve controls (pressurization on startup < 10 psi/sec)Confirm calibration and proper operation of system instrumentsChemical feed pump controlsShutdown alarms
Duration (per train) 48-hrs cumulative
51
Membrane Loading
Prior to loading:Open vessels removeOpen vessels, remove orifices and plugsClean/swab pressure vesselsInsure cartridge filters (if used) are loadedSchedule manufacturer’s representatives
Membrane LoadingPrepare a loading schedule to record element serial numbers and position within train and pressure vesselLubricate element interconnector and product tube o-rings with silicone (supplied by mfgr.)Install brine seal on feed endInstall brine seal on feed end of element; lubricate with glycerine or silicone
52
Membrane Loading
Install all b i thmembranes in the
direction of vessel feed flowInstall shims on product tube ofproduct tube of lead element
Membrane LoadingRow Vessel LocColumn Column
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R1 Lead #1 A968227 A997122 A995517 A992145 A965903 A995244 A995755 A997619 A974331 A829970 A987389 A987732 A995537 A997617 A995912 A987716 A991126 A995748
#2 A967191 A997126 A961031 A992716 A967147 A992761 A996121 A996532 A972031 A878746 A990700 A991127 A995562 A997134 A995261 A990770 A987753 A995708#3 A966191 A996584 A996114 A990772 A968726 A994748 A995235 A995904 A994730 A992742 A990746 A986885 A995287 A997195 A995217 A991144 A991134 A995727#4 A966153 A986877 A995598 A990739 A968720 A996177 A995596 A997665 A967104 A987795 A986887 A990761 A995280 A997176 A996134 A990786 A829966 A996108#5 A966142 A996127 A997856 A992759 A965998 A996551 A995741 A995734 A974233 A992138 A986891 A987731 A995565 A997612 A992791 A987736 A987792 A995792#6 A995509 A997123 A997632 A992116 A968719 A962869 A997802 A996161 A974329 A992760 A986893 A986897 A995281 A997634 A996187 A987761 A829987 A995922Tail #7 A966126 A996164 A997606 A992101 A995285 A992141 A995700 A997631 A974297 A991141 A990789 A990712 A995536 A996570 A995787 A990790 A987755 A995921
2 Lead #1 #N/A A997850 A962600 A878767 A996543 A995795 A996566 A997615 A994759 A992131 A990719 A991118 A995576 A997194 A997643 A997100 A995283 A996103#2 A967159 A995729 A996529 A878736 A995590 A987786 A997661 A969257 A969236 A987757 A991128 A987707 A995584 A996569 A995241 A996143 A995711 A996141#3 A965995 A997116 A995906 A991153 A996144 A991139 A996588 A995717 A974354 A992748 A986898 A996513 A995290 A997605 A996550 A996113 A995528 A996100#4 A995756 A997130 A997836 A878763 A992139 A992114 A995298 A974312 #N/A A878769 A990707 A990740 A996147 A997603 A996512 A995515 A995750 A995519#5 #N/A A997125 A997647 A992741 A996528 A996592 A961098 A974347 A974272 A987746 A990763 A990766 A995510 A997146 A996116 A987799 A995203 A995927#6 A962831 A995569 A997675 A878709 A995585 A996160 A961055 A974355 A974291 A878743 A987728 A987713 A995578 A997623 A997639 A987779 A995533 A995770Tail #7 A968206 A997139 A994746 A992102 A995589 A995586 A997614 A972035 A969254 A829981 A987726 A991129 A995289 A996571 A996119 A987739 A990796 A995920
3 Lead #1 A997165 A961166 A961027 A878733 A996516 A965981 A997600 A986805 A972060 A997140 A987776 A990745 A878719 A968222 A995736 A997645 A995581 A996110#2 A996523 A996112 A961018 A992782 A995916 A878731 A996521 A987334 A995256 A987717 A991132 A990721 A992725 A966128 A996193 A996125 A995591 A878738#3 A943898 A997608 A960213 A987712 A995742 A992171 A997613 A986815 #N/A A829989 A986889 A968717 A878782 A967172 A995737 A996567 A995561 A992709#4 A959545 A994767 A997680 A990762 A996198 A992718 A997669 A986825 A878710 A990781 A987729 A968252 A992194 A968212 A996500 A997662 A995599 A992753#5 A959560 A997695 A961065 A992146 A996122 A995768 A997611 A974398 #N/A A995240 A991120 A968725 A990771 A968712 A997163 A996591 A995521 A992143#6 A943895 A995744 A962803 A990773 A995530 A996142 A995902 A969270 A994702 A878754 A990756 A968246 A992119 A966193 A994781 A997635 A995749 A995725Tail #7 A996179 A997859 A961064 A990776 A995555 A996537 A995707 A974317 A994712 A987760 A986886 A966175 A878715 A968243 A997664 A997674 A995559 A995923
4 Lead #1 A995740 A997852 A961033 A991137 A996518 A995513 #N/A A987337 A994720 A987764 A990731 A992756 A991152 A987720 A996534 A966193 A995588 A992135#2 A995779 A997115 A997120 A987725 A995548 A992764 #N/A A972073 #N/A A987765 A990703 A968279 A878737 A990706 A990783 A968240 A996105 A992723#3 A996124 A967125 A962620 A990791 A995762 A995793 #N/A A987327 A974341 A991149 A990722 A968702 A992144 A990753 A996130 A965989 A995295 A992153#4 A995769 A996599 A962647 A990765 A996157 A992184 #N/A A987396 A994715 A829985 A991131 A968255 A992717 A968229 A996170 A967196 A995775 A990792#5 A995774 A967128 A959585 A987780 A995558 A992163 #N/A A968250 A994718 A991136 A990735 A968701 A986804 A966163 A996135 A967183 A995721 A878762#6 A996525 A968218 A962603 A987719 A996506 A992737 #N/A A987352 A995534 A990787 A987778 A992196 A986849 A966145 A996541 A968713 A996106 A992747Tail #7 A996559 A997825 #N/A A991113 A996501 A992170 #N/A A986882 A969283 A990798 A991124 A968272 A990769 A966199 A996535 A966138 A995728 A878775Tail #7 A996559 A997825 #N/A A991113 A996501 A992170 #N/A A986882 A969283 A990798 A991124 A968272 A990769 A966199 A996535 A966138 A995728 A878775
5 Lead #1 A996102 A995531 A996556 A997604 A987790 A996548 #N/A A987392 A995227 A987773 A987715 A968276 A995796 A990709 A991109 A966169 A992732 A992721#2 A995767 A967108 A996536 A997811 A991138 A992739 #N/A A987321 A995582 A991117 A990728 A968276 A992172 A987787 A987747 A966170 A995209 A992745#3 A996510 A967177 A997114 A991122 A990767 A992152 #N/A A972090 A995296 A990724 A990743 A968273 A991135 A986892 A990768 A968230 A995556 A878776#4 A959515 A967103 A992137 A987724 A991112 A829983 #N/A A972098 A992795 A987738 A991133 A992162 A992197 A878721 A987710 A966144 A995573 A992711#5 A961003 A996582 A997178 A997847 A994785 A992164 #N/A A986841 A995577 A987762 A990717 A992730 A992108 A990777 A991130 A965985 A995557 A992123#6 A959513 A997658 A960288 A996527 A990705 A992158 #N/A A987315 A995215 A987709 A990704 A968701 A992103 A990784 A987745 A966184 A995579 A878726Tail #7 A995246 A997118 A997168 A996504 A990742 A992750 #N/A A987397 A995535 A829990 A987723 A992726 A992743 A990758 A987794 A966160 A995560 A992758
6 Lead #1 A996597 A967111 A997124 A997108 A994768 A878778 #N/A A987316 A994760 A992786 A997141 A968274 A995702 A995911 A990747 A829961 A992122 A829998#2 A996120 A965982 A997138 A995759 A997186 A878759 #N/A A987330 A974255 A878756 A996117 A878730 A995924 A995710 A990774 A990723 A987308 A992724#3 A996118 A968223 A996156 A995722 A997145 A995258 #N/A A986843 A974319 A995200 A997107 A992700 A995716 A995753 A987763 A987777 A992112 A878714#4 A994796 A996180 A996184 A997842 A995243 A995511 #N/A A986833 A994797 A987718 A995527 A967145 A995739 A995505 A829986 A878720 A878732 A969961#5 A996546 A966151 A995786 A997670 A996503 A992797 #N/A A972076 A994706 A997121 A995272 A968245 A996101 A992109 A990732 A990702 A992746 A992193#6 A968226 A995761 A997136 A995563 A997129 A997189 #N/A A986801 A994739 A997177 A997684 A992156 A995764 A995524 A987740 A991121 A995282 A878745Tail #7 A996517 A967117 A995926 A996178 A997173 A994780 #N/A A972097 A994789 A996159 #N/A A968244 A995925 A995575 A829994 A991104 A995284 A878773
#N/As indicate elements that were installed but not shipped directly for Train 9
53
Initial StartupFollow lockout/tagout proceduresCheck all valve alignments for proper startupCheck all valve alignments for proper startup positionPlan to waste product for first hour of operationConfirm initial operating setpoints (permeate flow, recovery)Monitor initial pressurization for gross leaksMonitor initial pressurization for gross leaksOnce train is online, begin taking vessel conductivity profilesIdentify minor leaks
TRAIN PROFILE FORM
LJVDWTP RO Array 1
System Analytical DataTurbidity (NTU) ________________Temperature (ºC) ________________pH (units) ______________________Conductivity (umhos/cm): Feed _________________Permeate ______________Concentrate ____________
System PressuresFeed (psig) ________________________1st Bank DP (psi) ___________________2nd Bank DP (psi) __________________Permeate (psig) ____________________
System FlowsFeed (gpm) ______________________Permeate (gpm) ___________________Concentrate (gpm) ________________
1-24
1-23
1-22
1-18
1-17
1-16
1-66
1-65
1-64
1-12
1-11
1-10
1-6
1-5
1-4
1-36
1-35
1-34
1-30
1-29
1-28
1-48
1-47
1-46
1-42
1-41
1-40
1-60
1-59
1-58
1-54
1-53
1-52
1-72
1-71
1-70
1-21
1-19
1-20
1-15
1-13
1-14
1-63
1-61
1-62
1-9
1-7
1-8
1-3
1-1
1-2
1-33
1-31
1-32
1-27
1-25
1-26
1-45
1-43
1-44
1-39
1-37
1-38
1-57
1-55
1-56
1-51
1-49
1-50
1-69
1-67
1-68
54
Initial Startup
Train performance should stabilize after one hourone hourRecord operating data to establish baseline performance and take a vessel conductivity profileRecord individual vessel flow rates (if
d)used)Identify vessels >15% higher than stage average; open and investigate
Follow-Up Monitoring
Normalize train operating data to gauge fperformance:
Specific Flux (gfd/psi)Normalized Permeate ConductivityNormalized Differential Pressure
55
Case StudyWest Basin RO Train 5Train 5
Located at Edward C. Little WRFTreats tertiary MF effluent to produce low pressure boiler feed water and feed to second pass RO trains 6, 7 and 8Startup Spring 20012.3 mgd capacity
Case StudyStartup Issues
Vapor-locked tank overflowpSuspect concentrate flow meterHigh conductivity on two vessels; one that did not resolve
56
Specific Flux
0.1
0.12
0.04
0.06
0.08
Spec
ific
Flux
(gfd
/psi
)
0
0.02
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Days in Operation
Normalized Differential Pressure
50
60
si)
20
30
40
Nor
mal
ized
Diff
eren
tial P
ress
ure
(ps
0
10
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Days in Operation
N
57
Normalized Permeate Conductivity
50
60S/
cm)
20
30
40
mal
ized
Per
mea
te C
ondu
ctiv
ity (u
S
0
10
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Days in Operation
Nor
Questions?Questions?
58
Q & A Session Q & A Session
Tom Seacord, P.E., Tom Seacord, P.E., CarolloCarollo EngineersEngineersR. Bruce Chalmers, P.E., CDMR. Bruce Chalmers, P.E., CDMAlex Wesner, P.E., SPIAlex Wesner, P.E., SPIModerator: Paul J Schuler P E GE Water &Moderator: Paul J Schuler P E GE Water &Moderator: Paul J. Schuler, P.E., GE Water & Moderator: Paul J. Schuler, P.E., GE Water & Process TechnologiesProcess Technologies
Tertiary Reverse Osmosis MembranesTertiary Reverse Osmosis Membranes
Tuesday, August 11, 2009 *1:00pm – 3:00pm Eastern Time