Tesis Bangkok Ieyi 2012

7/23/2019 Tesis Bangkok Ieyi 2012

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/tesis-bangkok-ieyi-2012 1/36

MAKTAB RENDAH SAINS MARA ALOR GAJAH

MELAKA, MALAYSIA

Reducing Pollution Cu!ed "# $!ted T#%e!

In T&e S'e Ti'e

E(t%ct )uel Oil

ST*DENTS NAME+

ABDUL AIMAN AKMAL BIN RAHMAT

NORAZA BT HANAFIAH

ADISOR+

MR. MUHD RIZAL BIN MOKHTAR

MARA JUNIOR SCIENCE COLLEGE ALOR GAJAH, MELAKA

JUNE 2012




In T&e S'e Ti'e

E(t%ct )uel Oil

By:

Abdu A!"#$ A%"# b!$ R#&"#'

(

N)*#+# b!$'! H#$#!#&

Ad-!)*:

M*. Mu&d R!+# b!$ Mu%&'#*

T&! '&/! ! ub"!''/d # #*'!# u!"/$' ) '&/ */u!*/"/$' )* I$'/*$#'!)$#

E&!b!'!)$ #$d 3)u'& I$-/$'!)$ ) B#$4%)%,T&#!#$d.

MARA JUNIOR SCIENCE COLLEGE ALOR GAJAH,MELAKA ,MALA3SIA

JUNE 2012



Dediction nd A--%ecition

F!*' #$d )*/")', 5/ 5)ud !%/ ') '&#$% ') )u* *)6/7' #d-!)* #$d # '&/ '/#7&/* '&#'

&/ u by 4!-!$4 # )' ) !$)*"#'!)$ #$d 4u!d/ 5&!7& #*/ -/*y $//d/d ') #77)"!&

'&! //*!"/$'. T&/y #*/:

1. I*.R#&"#' b!$ 3u)2. M*. Mu&d R!+# B!$ Mu%&'#* 8. M*. N)*y#"ud#* b!$'! Abdu G&#$!9. M*. K#d!* B. K#"!. M*..A+$#" B.R/"!!;. M*. A*! B. M)&#"#d N#+!* <. M*. S!'! Mu$!*#& B'. Abdu M#6!d

=. M*. S/*! 3)$# B'. Id*!>. M*.Mu+!#$# B'. J)&#*

S/7!# '&#$% ') # '&/ '# ) MJSC A)* G#6#&, )u* #*/$', #$d )u* *!/$d Mu&d

A!+udd!$ b!$ Hu!$ 5&) 4#-/ # )' ) u)*' ') u u$'! 5/ 7)"/'/ '&! *//#*7& #$d

5/ &!4&y #*/7!#'/ !'.

TABLE O) CONTENT



CHAPTER ITEM PAGES

T!'/

D/d!7#'!)$ #$d A*/7!#'!)$

T#b/ ) C)$'/$'

Ab'*#7'

Ab'*#%

1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 B#+/ ) Id/#

1.2 B#7%4*)u$d R//#*7&

1.8 ?*)b/" S'#'/"/$'

1.9 Ob6/7'!-/ ) '&/ S'udy

1. Hy)'&/!

1.; Ob'#7/ du*!$4 R//#*7&

1.< I")*'#$7/ ) '&/ S'udy

2 LITERATURE RE@IE

2.1 S)u*7/ ) D!// Fu/ #$d Ty*/

2.2 D!// 7)")$/$'

2.8 Ty*/ 7)")$/$'

8 METHODOLOG3



8.1 I$'*)du7'!)$

8.2 ?#7/ ) *//#*7&

8.8 M#'/*!#

8.9 E/*!"/$'# D/!4$

9 ANAL3SIS AND DISCUSSION

9.1 A$#y!

9.2 D!7u!)$

CONCLUSION

.1 C)$7u!)$

.2 A!7#'!)$

.8 Fu'u*/ */7)""/$d#'!)$

.8.1 H)5 ') /!$4 '&/ "/ ) u/ )!

*)du7/d

.8.2 H)5 ') /$u*/ '&#' '&/ u#4/ ) '&! u/

)! d!d $)' 7)44!$4 '&/ -/&!7/

/$4!$/

.8.8 Fu*'&/* R//#*7&

REFERENCES

A??ENDI


In T&e S'e Ti'e



E(t%ct )uel Oil

Abdul Aiman Akmal bin Rahmat

Noraza binti Hanafiah

MRSM Alor Gajah, Melaka

Abstract

Increase in energy demand, stringent emission norms and deletion of oil resources led us

to think about an idea of finding alternati!e fuels for internal combustion engines" Many

alternate fuels like Alcohols, #iodiesel, $%G, &NG etc ha!e been already commercialized in thetransort sector" In this conte't, yrolysis of solid (aste is currently recei!ing rene(ed

interest")ur roject (as focused on the continue of the uses of the diesel that used machinery

and to stabilize the rice of the international diesel hence, it also to sa!e tyre from olluting the

mather nature" *he focused of this research is to roduce alternati!e diesel by using (asted bald

tyres, in order for the continueing use of industrial or !ehicle that uses diesel"

*he (asted tyres (ere undergoing a rocess of melting, gradually increasing the

increasing the temerature, boiling, e!aoration and condensation" After undergone those

rocesses, the roducts roduced (hich are diesel oil that contains the imurities of carbon

black, steel and (ater " In order to obtain the oil (ithout the imurities, the rocess of

ree!aoration and recondensation (ere done"

*he last roduct that obtained after the rocess of ree!aoration and recondensation is a

black oil that is +- comletely the same as the commercial diesel" *he !olume of the oil

roduced (as ./- from the amount of tyres 0g1 used to roduced the recycled diesel"

It is comletely ossible for the tyre to turn to diesel through an aroriate method of

e'eriment" In addition, the roducts roduced by turning tyre into diesel2s e'eriment roduced

three usable roducts such as diesel, carbon black and steel (hich can be used in our daily life

and minimize the roduction of these three roduct s through the mining of natural resources"



*he roerty of the diesel roduced through this e'eriment (as + - comletely the same as

the commercial diesel (hen tested by mi'ing the t(o of them in a beaker"

CATEGORY:ENGINEERING


In T&e S'e Ti'e



E(t%ct )uel Oil

Muhammad Aizuddin bin Hussin

Noraza binti Hanafiah

Mrsm Alor Gajah, Melaka

Abstrak

%eningkatan dalam ermintaan tenaga, norma eleasan ketat dan engurangan sumber minyak

telah memba(a kami untuk memikirkan idea tentang mencari bahan ai alternatif untuk enjin

embakaran dalaman" #anyak bahan ai alternatif seerti alkohol, #iodiesel, $%G, &NG dan

sebagainya telah un dikomersialkan dalam sektor engangkutan" 3alam konteks kajian masa

kini, irolisis sisa eejal semakin mendaat erhatian" %ojek kami bertumukan keada

engunaan diesel yang berterusan tana sebarang ganguan contohnya, masalah kekurangan

bekalan , enstabilan harga diesel antarabangsa dan juga masalah encemaran alam sekitar yang

diakibatkan oleh tayar terbuang" 4okus utama kajian ini adalah untuk menghasilkan diesel

alternatif dengan menggunakan tayar terbuang, dalam usaha untuk memastikan bekalan diesel

berterusan dalam bidang industri atau kenderaan yang menggunakan minyak ini"

3alam enghasilan diesel, tayar tersebut menjalani roses encairan, eningkatan suhu secara

sedikit demi sedikit, emanasan,emelu(aan dan kondensasi" Setelah melalui kesemua roses

ini, roduk yang terhasil adalah minyak diesel yang bercamur dengan karbon hitam, keluli dan

air" 5ntuk mendaatkan minyak tana ada camuran benda asing, roses emelu(aan semula

dan engkondensasian semula akan dilakukan"

%roduk akhir yang dierolehi seleas roses emelu(aan semula dan engkondensasian

semula adalah minyak hitam yang +- sama seerti diesel komersial" Isiadu minyak yang

dihasilkan adalah ./- dariada dariada kuantiti tayar yang digunakan 0g1 untuk menghasilkan

diesel terakai ini"



Sememangnya, tayar boleh menghasilkan diesel melalui kaedah ekserimen yang sesuai"

*ambahan ula, hasil dariada ekserimen menukarkan tayar keada diesel ini menghasilkan 6

roduk akhir yang berguna dalam kehiduan harian iaitu diesel, karbon hitam dan keluli ,

disaming daat meminimakan enghasilan tiga bahan ini melalui enggalian bahan mentah"

&iri dan sifat minyak diesel yang dihasilkan melalui ekserimen ini, adalah +- sama seerti

seerti diesel komersial"

CHAPTER .



INTROD*CTION

1. 1 B#+/ ) !d/#

Ab)u' 0 ) '&/ !$'/*$#'!)$# /#d!$4!$du'*!# 7)$!' ) #7')*y #$d

'*#$)*'#'!)$ #*/#. 98 ) '&/ 5)*d 7)$u"/d //7'*!7!'y !$ '&/ #7')*y by u!$4

'&/*"# */#7')* u7& # '&/ 8*d 5)*d 7)u$'*y 5&!7& #*/ C&!$#, I$d!# #$d M)+#"b!u/.

I$'/#d ) '&/*"# */#7')*, )"/ ) '&/ #7')*y u/d b)!/* !%/ '&/ ?#" O! F#7')*y ')

#7' # '&/ "#!$ ))d !$du'*y 5&!7& *)-!d/ ))d !$ d#!y !/. N/', '&/ !d/# #) 7#"/

5!'& '&/ '&)u4&' ) "!dd//#' 7*!! '&#' &#/$/d !$ L!by# #$d I*# b/7#u/ )

'*u44!$4 '&/ )5/* ) '&/ )! uy !$ b)'& ) '&/ 7)u$'*y by '&/ )u'!d/* 7)u$'*y u7&

# A"/*!7#. T&! 7*!! &#d 7#u/d '&/ 5#* #$d )!'!7 7)$!7' )77u**/d !$ '&/ 7)u$'*!/

#$d &#d b/7)"/ '&/ */#)$ ) '&/ *!7/ ) '&/ )! !$7*/#/ #$d &!4&/* d/"#$d ) !'.

O$/ ) '&/ )u'!)$ &#/$/d !$ )u* 7)u$'*y 5# by '&/ /7/!)$ ) 5#'/d 'y*/ #$d

'&/ y$'&/'!7 *ubb/* '&#' &#d b/ bu*$/d by '&/ /)/ !$ )*d/* ') 4/' *!d ) !' '&#' &#d !

u '&/ #$d. Fu*'&/*")*/, '&/ bu*$!$4 ) '&// '5) '&!$4 ! b/7#u/ b)'& ) !' '))%

#")' 200 y/#* ') d/7#y $#'u*#y. T&/ *)b/" ! &)5 5/ 5#$' ') 4/' *!d ) '&/ 'y*/bu' #' '&/ #"/ '!"/ 4!-/ b/$/!' ') u #$d d)/ $)' &#*" '&/ /$-!*)$"/$'. A'&)u4& ,

'&/*/ ! */'*/#d!$4 'y*/ !$du'*y, !' )$y 7)-/* #b)u' 10 ) '&/ "!!)$ ')$ )

5#'/d 'y*/ #$d !' ! )$y )* '&/ u/ ) &/#-y -/&!7/ u7& # 7#* #$d )**!/. I$

#dd!'!)$, '&/ "!$/*# )u*7/ ) )u* 7)u$'*y &#d #) /'!$7' *)" d#y ') d#y. T&! 7#$ b/

*)-/$ by '&/ *//#/d '#'/"/$' by ?/'*)$# !$ 2001 5&!7& #!d, !$ 1= y/#* !$ '!"/,

)u* )! 5/ d!44/d )* b/7)"/ /"'y. T&! 5! b/ '&/ )b'#7/ ) '&/ 7)$'!$u/!$4 '&/

u/d ) !$du'*!# -/&!7/ '&#' u/ d!//. S), by */#!+!$4 '&/ "/'&)d ) 'u*$!$4 'y*/

!$') d!// #$d !$') #$)'&/* '5) u#b/ *)du7' 5&!7& #*/ '// #$d 7#*b)$ b#7%, 5/

7#$ )-/*7)"/ '&/ *)b/" '&#' '#'/d. I '&! *)du7' ! 7)""/*7!#, !' 7#$ b/ u/d !$

'&/ 7)$'!$u/!$4 ) '&/ u/ ) !$du'*!# -/&!7/ # '&/ #'/*$#'!-/ u/ 5&!7& 7)$!d/*/d

# B '&#' 7)$'#!$ ) b!)d!// #$d '&/ #$)'&/* '5) *)du7' 7#$ b/ "#d/ u/ #

/$7! /#d, '// b)dy ) 7/*'#!$ /u!"/$' #$d "#$y ")*/. H/$7/, !' #) 7#$ */du7/



'&/ )u'!)$ ) '&/ ")'&/* $#'u*/ 7#u/d by '&/ 5#'/d 'y*/ # !' 5/*/ *!d ) !$ *)/*

"#$$/*.

1.8 ?ROBLEM STATEMENT

I '&/ 'y*/ 7#$ b/ 'u*$ !$') d!// !' 5! &/ !$ )-!$4 '&/ "!dd//#' 7*!!

#b)u' '&/ &!4&y d/"#$d ) )! '&#' 7#u/d '&/ *!7/ ') !$7*/#/ #$d #) 7#$ */du7/

'&/ )u'!)$ *)b/" 7#u/d '&/ /7/!)$ ) 5#'/d 'y*/ # '&/ 5/*/ *!d !' !$ *)/*

5#y #$d #' '&/ #"/ 4#-/ b/$/!' )* /)/ .C#$ '&/ 'y*/ u77/uy 'u*$!$4 !$')

d!// #$d &/ !$ )-!$4 '&)/ *)b/"

1.9 OBJECTI@E OF THE STUD3

T&/ 7)$'!$u/ '&/ u/ ) '&/ d!// '&#' u/d "#7&!$/*y #$d ') '#b!!+/ '&/ *!7/

) '&/ !$'/*$#'!)$# d!// &/$7/ !' #)') #-/ 'y*/ *)" )u'!$4 '&/ "#'&/* $#'u*/.

1. H3?OTHESIS

By *//'*#'!$4 '&/ /'*)!/u" *)" '&/ y$'&/'!7 *ubb/* '&/ )! '&#' '&/!* *)/*'y

!$ = #"/ # '&/ d!// #$d */7y7/d d!// *)" 'y*/ ! *)du7/d.

1.; OBSTACLES DURING RESEARCH

./0/. Conduction o1 t&e e(-e%i'ent

A 5/ &#d ') u/ !*/ ') '/' )u* //*!"/$', '&/ #/'y ) !' &#d ') b/ '&)u4&' )

*)/*y.

./0/2 A--%tu! nd Mte%il!



T&/ ##*#'u #$d "#'/*!# u/d )* '&! //*!"/$' 7#$$)' b/ u*7&#/d

/#!y '&/*/)*/ *)/!)$# 7)$u'#$' 5# $//d/d *)" '&/ 7)/4/.

IM?ORTANCE OF THE STUD3

./3/. Mini'i!e t&e cti4it# o1 -et%oleu'5! 'ining

T&/ Ty*/ ?y*)y! O!T?O *)7/ 5! &/ !$ *)du7!$4 d!// 5&!7& 5#

)b'#!$/d '&*)u4& '&/ "!$!$4 ) /'*)/u" # '&/ d!// *)du7/d !$ '&!

//*!"/$' 7#$ b/ u/d # '&/ #'/*$#'!-/ u/ )* 7)$'!$u/!$4 ) !$du'*!#

-/&!7/ '&#' u/d d!// #$d #) )* #$y !$du'*!/ ) d!// u/*..

./3/2 S4e "udget

T&/ *)7/ ) 'u*$!$4 'y*/ !$') d!//, 5! &/ u # '&/ -/&!7/ u/* '&#'

u/d d!// # '&/ d!// '&#' *)du7/d !$ '&! //*!"/$' ! ")*/ 7&/#/*

'&#$ '&/ 7)""/*7!# )!.

./3/6 En4i%on'entl 1%iendl#T&*)u4& '&! "/'&)d ) //*!"/$', /)/ 5! %$)5 '&/ 7)**/7' 5#y ') 4/'

*!d ) 'y*/ #$d '&/ )u'!)$ ) '&/ /$-!*)$"/$' b/7#u/ ) '&/ 'y*/ 5! b/

*/du7/d../3/7 Econo'# lue

T&/ 7)""/*7!#!+#'!)$ ) '&! //*!"/$' 5! /#d ') !' &!4&/* /7)$)"y -#u/ !$ '&/

u'u*/ # '&/ /$d *)du7' ) '&! //*!"/$' #*/ u#b/ !$ )u* d#!y !/ #$d !$7*/#/

'&/ $u"b/* ) /)/ 5&) 5#$' ') /)*/ !' d//y.

CHAPTER 2



LITERAT*RE REIE$

2.1 S)u*7/ ) D!// Fu/ #$d Ty*/

A77)*d!$4 ') '&/ !%!/d!#, D!// u/ ! *)du7/d *)" /'*)/u" #$d *)" -#*!)u

)'&/* )u*7/.?/'*)/u" d!//, #) 7#/d /'*)d!//, )* )! d!// ! *)du7/d *)"

'&/ *#7'!)$# d!'!#'!)$ ) 7*ud/ )! b/'5//$ 200 C 8>2 F #$d 80 C ;;2 F #'

#'")&/*!7 */u*/, */u'!$4 !$ # "!'u*/ ) 7#*b)$ 7&#!$ '&#' 'y!7#y 7)$'#!$

b/'5//$ = #$d 21 7#*b)$ #')" /* ")/7u/. M/#$5&!/, 'y*/ ! # *!$4&#/d

7)-/*!$4 '&#' !' #*)u$d # 5&// *!" ') *)'/7' !' #$d /$#b/ b/''/* -/&!7/ /*)*"#$7/

by *)-!d!$4 # /!b/ 7u&!)$ '&#' #b)*b &)7% 5&!/ %//!$4 '&/ 5&// !$ 7)/

7)$'#7' 5!'& '&/ 4*)u$d

2.2 D!// 7)")$/$'

C&/"!7# 7)")!'!)$

?/'*)/u"d/*!-/d d!// ! 7)")/d ) #b)u' < #'u*#'/d &yd*)7#*b)$ *!"#*!y

#*#!$ !$7ud!$4 n, iso, #$d 7y7)#*#!$, #$d 2 #*)"#'!7 &yd*)7#*b)$

!$7ud!$4 $#&'&#/$/ #$d #%yb/$+/$/.20 T&/ #-/*#4/ 7&/"!7# )*"u# )*

7)"")$ d!// u/ ! C12H28, *#$4!$4 #*)!"#'/y *)" C10H20 ') C1H2=.

Stu%ted &#d%oc%"on!

T&/ $u"b/* ) &yd*)4/$ #')" #)7!#'/d 5!'& # 4!-/$ %//')$ ) 7#*b)$ #')" "#y

-#*y. &/$ '&/ 7&#!$ )* *!$4 7#**!/ '&/ u 7)"/"/$' ) &yd*)4/$ #')", '&/

&yd*)7#*b)$ ! #!d ') b/ #'u*#'/d. Su7& &yd*)7#*b)$ #*/ %$)5$ # #*#!$,

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroleum

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fractional_distillation

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crude_oil

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospheric_pressure

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecule

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rim_(wheel)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturated_hydrocarbon

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraffin

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isoparaffin#Linear_alkanes

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isoalkane#Isomerism

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cycloalkane


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aromatic_hydrocarbon

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naphthalene

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkylbenzene

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_fuel#cite_note-19

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fractional_distillation

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crude_oil

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospheric_pressure

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecule

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rim_(wheel)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturated_hydrocarbon

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraffin

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isoparaffin#Linear_alkanes

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isoalkane#Isomerism


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aromatic_hydrocarbon

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naphthalene

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkylbenzene

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_fuel#cite_note-19

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroleum



#*#!$!7 &yd*)7#*b)$, )* #%#$/7y7)#%#$/. T&/ #*#!$ '/*" 5# 7)"")$ !$

'&/ )! !$du'*y, b/7#u/ ) '&/ 5#y 7&#*#7'/*!'!7 ) 7*ud/ 5&!7& 7)$'#!$ '&//

")/7u/. T&/ '/*" #%#$/ ! 7)"")$ #")$4 7&/"!'.

S'*#!4&'7&#!$ '*u7'u*/ #*/ $)*"# #*#!$, b*#$7&7&#!$ '*u7'u*/ #*/

!)#*#!$, #$d *!$4'y/ '*u7'u*/ #*/ 7y7)#*#!$ )* $#&'&/$/. T&u )*

'&*// &yd*)7#*b)$ 5!'& !-/ 7#*b)$ #')" !./. # /$'#$/ 5/ &#-/ /-/*#

'*u7'u*/.

T&/ b*#$7&7&#!$ 7*/#'/ I)/$'#$/, !u'*#'/d b/)5:



A$ /#"/ ) '&/ *!$4'y/ '*u7'u*/, '&/ !4&'y ")*/ 7)"/ 7y7)&/#$/ ! &)5$

b/)5:





A$)'&/* ")/7u#* 7)"/!'y ! 7#u/d by !$'*)du7!$4 //"/$' u7& # )y4/$,

$!'*)4/$, #$d u&u*. !'& '&//, '&/ $u"b/* ) d!/*/$' ")/7u/ b#/d )$ '&/

7#*b)$ %//')$ !$7*/#/ '*/"/$d)uy. / 5! $)5 4) )$ ') ))% #' '&// $)$

&yd*)7#*b)$.



2.2 Ty*/ 7)")$/$'

C)")!'!)$ ) 'y*/

T&e Co'-o!ition o1 T#%e

Ing%edient P!!enge% C%

T#%e

Lo%%#

T#%e

OTR

T#%e

Ru""e%8El!to'e%!. ∀739 ∀7:9 ∀73

9

C%"on Blc;2 ∀

2./:9∀

229∀

229

Metl ∀.0/:9 ∀2:9 ∀.2

9

Te(tile ∀:/:9 << ∀.=

9

>inc O(ide ∀.9 ∀29 ∀29

Sul-&u% ∀.9 ∀.9 ∀.9

Additi4e!6 ∀3/:9 ∀:9 ∀09

C%"on<"!ed 'te%il!,

totl7

∀379 ∀039 ∀30

9

1 L)**y ( OTR 'y*/ 7)$'#!$ &!4&/* *))*'!)$ ) $#'u*# *ubb/* '&#$

#/$4/* 7#* 'y*/.

2 S!!7# */#7/ #*' ) '&/ 7#*b)$ b#7% !$ 7/*'#!$ 'y/ ) 'y*/

8 S)"/ ) '&/ #dd!'!-/ !$7ud/ 7#y, 5&!7& "#y b/ */#7/d !$ #*' !$

)"/ 'y*/ 5!'& */7y7/d *ubb/* 7*u"b *)" 5#'/ 'y*/

9 T&// #*)!"#'/ ')'# 5)ud b/ !4&'y &!4&/* ! 7#y 5/*/ */#7/d

by */7y7/d 7*u"b *ubb/* *)" 5#'/ 'y*/





Co'-o!ition o1 T#%e+ T#-icl Co'-onent!

Ty*/ 7)$'#!$ ) "#$y d!/*/$' 7)")u$d #$d !$4*/d!/$' b/7#u/ '&/y #*/

/$4!$//*!$4 "!*#7/, //7'/d ') &#$d/ '&/ ')*'u*/ ) &/#' #$d 7)d, &!4& //d,

#b*#!-/ 7)$d!'!)$, #$d )'/$ $)' /$)u4& #!* */u*/. T&/y #*/ //7'/d ') /*)*"

)* '/$ ) '&)u#$d ) "!/ #$d */'#!$ '&/!* //$'!# *)/*'!/ d/!'/ &)**/$d)u

d*!-!$4 &#b!' #$d )"/'!"/ ))*y "#!$'#!$/d )* bu!' *)#d.

T&/ *ubb/* 7)")u$d #)$/ ! d/!4$/d )* $!$/ d!/*/$' #!7#'!)$7)")$/$'

5!'&!$ # *#d!# #/$4/* 'y*/:



Co'-o!ition o1 T#%e+ T#-icl Co'-onent!

Ru""e% 9 "# $eig&t in Ne? Rdil P!!enge% T#%e

A--liction8

Co'-onent

9 o1 Totl

T%ed 62/09

B!e ./39

Side?ll 2./@9

Bed A-e( :/=9

Bed In!ultion ./29

)"%ic8)i"%e In!ultion ../9

Steel Co%d In!ultion @/:9

Inne% Line% .2/79

*nde%cu!&ion 6/@9

Totl .==/=9

)%o' t&e *S Ru""e% Mnu1ctu%e%! A!!ocition

Ty*/ 7)$'#!$ *#7'!7#y $) &#+#*d)u 5#'/ 7)$'!'u/$'. A77)*d!$4 ') '&/ B#/

C)$-/$'!)$ T/7&$!7# Gu!d/!$/ )$ '&/ Id/$'!!7#'!)$ #$d M#$#4/"/$' ) U/d Ty*/1,

'y*/ 7)$'#!$ '&/ ))5!$4:

Con!tituent C&e'icl N'e Re'%;! Content

9 ?eig&t

Y22 Co--e% Co'-ound! Allo#ing con!tituent o1

t&e 'etllic

%ein1o%cing 'te%il

Steelco%d

A--%o(

=/=29

Y26 >inc Co'-ound! >inc O(ide, %etined in

t&e %u""e% 't%i(

A--%o( .9

Y20 Cd'iu' On t%ce le4el!, !

Cd'iu' co'-ound!

ttendnt !u"!tnce o1

t&e >inc O(ide

M( =/==.

Y6. Led

Led co'-ound!

On t%ce le4el!, !

ttendnt !u"!tnce o1

M( =/==:



t&e >inc O(ide

Y67 Acidic !olution! o%

cid! in !olid 1o%'

Ste%ic Acid, in !olid

1o%'

A--%o( =/6

Y6: O%gno&logen

co'-ound! ot&e% t&n

!u"!tnce! in Anne(

Hlogen "ut#l %u""e%

tendenc#+ dec%e!ing

Content o1

&logen!

'( =/.=9

?*/#*/d by '&/ T/7&$!7# )*%!$4 G*)u ) '&/ B#/ C)$-/$'!)$ 5!'& u)*' *)"

!$du'*y #$d #d)'/d by '&/ !'& "//'!$4 ) '&/ C)$/*/$7/ ) '&/ ?#*'!/ !$ D/7/"b/*

1>>>, B#/, S5!'+/*#$d

P%o-e%tie! C&%cte%i!tic! o1 T#%e!

A' '&/ */u/' ) BLIC Bu*/#u L!#!)$ d/ I$du'*!/ du C#)u'7&)u7 d/ EU '&/

E7)')!7!'y '/' 5/*/ /*)*"/d:

I$ 1>>, 'ud!/ 5/*/ 7#**!/d )u' #' '&/ ?#'/u* I$'!'u'/ !$ L!/, F*#$7/ u!$4

*ubb/* )5d/* 4/$/*#'/d *)" 'y*/ '*/#d )$ A4#: S. C#*!7)*$u'u" #$d

7*u'#7/#$: D#&$!# "#4$!# #$d F!& B*#7&yd#$!) */*!) # /* $)*" ISO

=;>2, ;891 #$d <89;.

I$ 1>>;, # u/"/$'# 'udy 5# d)$/: D/'/*"!$#'!)$ ) A7u'/ T)!7!'y # /*ISO 112;=1 Ob/*-#'!)$ ) //7' ) 'y*/ )5d/* *ubb/* )$ # )u#'!)$ )

/#*'&5)*" #7/d !$ # d/!$!'/ ub'*#'u"P #' '&/ ?#'/u* I$'!'u'/ !$ Ly)$,

F*#$7/ u!$4 '#$d#*d!/d $)*", '&/*/ &)5/d $) ')!7!'y.

T&// )u* '/' &)5/d $) ')!7!'y.

Po!t<Con!u'e% T#%e Mte%il

P%oduct Yield C% T#%e! T%uc; T#%e! OTR T#%e!

C%u'" Ru""e% ∀3=9 ∀3=9 ∀39

Steel ∀.39 ∀239 ∀.:9

)i"%e Sc%- ∀.69 ∀69 ∀39



?*)du7' y!/d )* )'7)$u"/* 'y*/ "#'/*!# d) $)' 7)**/)$d ') $/5 'y*/

7)")!'!)$ b/7#u/:

1 M)' 5#'/ 'y*/ &#-/ !4$!!7#$' '*/#d 5/#*, */du7!$4 '&/ #")u$' ) *ubb/* "#'/*!#

#-#!#b/ )* *)du7' y!/d, #$d !$7*/#!$4 '&/ /*7/$'#4/ 7)$'*!bu'!)$ ) $)$

*ubb/* 7)$'!'u/$' u7& # "/'# #$d !b*/

2 C*u"b *ubb/* 7)$'#!$ )"/ 7)$'#"!$#'!)$ ) "/'# #$d !b*/ !$ ")' 4*#d/. O$y

'&/ !$/' 4*#d/)5d/* #*/ 7)"/'/y 5!*/ #$d !b*/*//

8 &#' ! !d/$'!!/d # 7*u"b *ubb/*P #7'u#y !$7)*)*#'/ '&/ *ubb/*/#')"/*, '&/

7#*b)$ b#7%, '&/ u&u*, '&/ #dd!'!-/P #$d ")' ) '&/ +!$7 )!d/

9 I$/-!'#by, )"/ *ubb/* "#'/*!# #d&/*/ ') '&/ '//.

?*!7/ ) 'y*/

Ty*/ *!7/ !$ M##y!# d//$d )$ '&/ b*#$d ,'y/ #$d #) )7#'!)$ ) '&/ &).

T&/ *!7/ ) '&/ 'y*/ #*/ */7)*d/d # &)5$ !$ '#b/ b/)5:

Ty/ ) 'y*/ ?*!7/ ?#7/ ') buy

K/$d# K)"/' ?u

KR28

RM120 G))d5! 82 d$

b&d T#"#$

?*!"# S/#y#$4

M!7&/!$ M1 RM1 J##$ R/%)



K#6#$4

Du$) J8 RM1;0 /%#$ M/*u,

K#$4

G))dy/#*

Au*#$7/

RM21 Sub#$4 2

CHAPTER 6

METHODOLOGY

8.1 I$'*)du7'!)$



T&! 7&#'/* 5# d!7u/d #b)u' "/'&)d )$ &)5 '&/ *)7/ ) 4/''!$4 *!d

5#'/d 'y*/ 7#$ *)du7/ u#b/ *)du7' u7& # d!// ,7#*b)$ b#7% #$d '// '&#'

7#$ b/ u/ !$ )u* d#!y !/.

M)*/)-/*, # ) '&/ /$d *)du7' //7!#y d!// 5# #7%!$4 !$ uy $)5#d#y.

8.2 ?#7/ ) *//#*7&

/ d!d )u* *//#*7& #' # *!-#'/ #7')*y !$ B#&#u ,N/4/*! S/"b!#$ # !' !

/*/7' #7/ ') /#*7& )* !d/# #$d ') 7)$u' #d-!7/ )$ &)5 ') 4) #b)u' )u* !d/#.

O'&/* '&#$ '&#', 5/ #) d!d )u* *//#*7& !$ S7!/$7/ L#b 1, MRSM A)* G#6#&.

A#*#'u ( M#'/*!#



Dig%' 6: M#'/*!# #$d ##*#'u u/d

T&/ "#'/*!# #$d ##*#'u u/d #*/ :

• 00" b/#%/*

• 1 5&)/ /' 7)$d/$/*

• Bu$/$ bu*$/*

• T*!)d '#$d

• !*/ 4#u+/

• S#'u#

• G# *)d 2

• B/$d/*



• C*u7!b/ ')$4

• H/#-y %$!/

• B!7)$7#-/ b)5

• D!'!/d 5#'/*

• A 5&)/ 5#'/d 'y*/

• 04 S)d!u" &yd*)!d/ //'

• 104 Z!$7 )5d/*

• 104 uu* )5d/*

• 104 !*)$ )5d/*

6/6 E(-e%i'entl de!ign

. Cut t&e ?!ted t#%e! in !'ll -o%tion nd t&en "lend it into

!'oot&e%! -%ticle! /

2 Put t&e "lended t#%e! into 1l!;/ T&en, &et t&e t#%e! until it 1ull# 'elt

6 T&en "oiled t&e t#%e/

7 Tu%n on t&e ?te% coole% until t&e oil conden!e/

: Re-eted !te- 6 ?it& t&e oil/

0 P%oduct -%oduced /





1. CHA?TER 9

2. ANAL3SING AND DISCUSSION

8. 9.1 A$#y!$4

9. Ty/ ) 'y*/ . M#4 ;. O! 7#$ b/

*//'*#7'

<. *)" '&/ 'y*/

=.

>.

10.M)')*7y7/

'y*/

11.

12.

18.

19. 1;00

4

1.

1;.

1<.

1=. ;90"

1>.

20.

21.

22.

28.

29.

2.

2;.



2<.

2=.

2>. C#* 'y*/

80.

81.

82.

88.

89.

8.

8;.

8<.

8=.

8>. T*u7%

90. 'y*/99

91.

92.

98. 20004

99.

9.

9;.

9<.

9=.

9>.

0.

1.

2.

8. <004

9.

.

;. =00"

<.

=.

>.

;0.

;1.

;2.

;8.

;9.

;.

;;. 8000"

;<.

;=.

;>.

<0.

<1.

<2.

<8.

<9.



<.

<;.M#!-/

T*u7% 'y*/

<<.

<=.

<>.

=0.

=1.200004

=2.

=8.

=9.

=.

=;.

=<.

==.

=>.

>0.

>1.

>2.

>8.

>9.

>. =000"

>;.

><.

>=.

>>.

100.

101.

102.

108.

109.

10.

10;.

10<.

10=.

10>.

110.

111.

112.

118.

119.

11.

11;.

11<.



9.2 R/u'

11=.

..@/ T#-e o1

t#%e

.2=/ M!! o1 t#%e

g

.2./ Oil t&t cn "e

%ee(t%ct 1%o' t&e t#%e

'l

.22/ Moto%c

#cle t#%e

128. 1;00 129. ;90

.2:/ C%

t#%e

12;. 2000 12<. =00

.2/ T%uc;

t#%e 7(7

12>. <00 180. 8000

.6./ M!!i4

e t%uc; t#%e

182. 20000 188. =000

189. T"le .: '&/ #")u$' ) )! '&#' 7#$ b/ *//'*#7' b#/d )$ '&/ 'y/ ) 'y*/

5!'& /7!!7 "# 4!-/$

18.

18;.



18<.

Volume Of Oil that can be reextract from the tyre

G*#& 1: T&/ -)u"/ ) )! '&#' 7#$ b/ /'*#7' *)" '&/ 'y*/ #4#!$' '&/ 'y/ )

'y*/



18=.

18>. D!7u!)$

190.

191. T&/ 4*#& &)5 '&/ )! '&#' 7#$ b/ *//'*#7' *)" '&/ 'y*/ 5# d!*/7'y

*))*'!)$# ') '&/ 'y/ ) 'y*/. D!/*/$' 'y/ ) 'y*/ 5! *)du7/ d!/*/$' -)u"/

) )! '&#' 7#$ b/ *//'*#7' *)" !'. Fu*'&/*")*/, '&/ &!4&/* '&/ "# ) '&/ 'y*/

u/d, '&/ &!4&/* '&/ -)u"/ ) )! '&#' 7#$ b/ *//'*#7' *)" !'.

192.

198.

199.

19.

19;.

19<.

19=.

19>.

10.

11.

12.

18.

19.

1.

1;.



1<.

1=.

1>.

1;0.

1;1.

1;2.

.06/

.07/

.0:/ CHAPTER :

.00/

.03/ CONCL*SION AND RECOMMANDATION

.0/

1;>. .1 C)$7u!)$

1<0. I' ! 7)"/'/y )!b/ )* '&/ 'y*/ ') 'u*$ ') d!// '&*)u4& #$

#*)*!#'/ "/'&)d ) //*!"/$'. I$ #dd!'!)$, '&/ *)du7' *)du7/d by 'u*$!$4

'y*/ !$') d!// //*!"/$' *)du7/d '&*// u#b/ *)du7' u7& #

d!//,7#*b)$ b#7% #$d '// 5&!7& 7#$ b/ u/d !$ )u* d#!y !/ #$d "!$!"!+/

'&/ *)du7'!)$ ) '&// '&*// *)du7' '&*)u4& '&/ "!$!$4 ) $#'u*# */)u*7/.

T&/ *)/*'y ) '&/ d!// *)du7/d '&*)u4& '&! //*!"/$' 5# 7)"/'/y

'&/ #"/ # '&/ 7)""/*7!# d!// 5&/$ '/'/d by "!!$4 '&/ '5) ) '&/" !$ #

b/#%/*. T&/*/ ! $) )-/*#!$4 )77u**/d b/'5//$ '&/ '5) )u'!)$.

1<1.

1<2. .2 A!7#'!)$



1<8.

1<9. S7!/$7/ #$d '/7&$))4y #*/ ")*/ #$d ")*/ d/-/)/d !"!#*y,

7)$u"/* #) d/"#$d -#*!)u 7&)!7/ #$d &!4& u#!'y *)du7' '&#' ! $)'

&!4&y 7)'/d #$d #)*d#b/. S!$7/ '&/ 'y*/ u77/uy 7#$ 'u*$!$4 ') '&/ d!//

#$d */-/# !' #b!!'y ') b/ u/d # '&/ u/ ) '&/ -/&!7/, '&! 5)ud b/ #

*))# !d/# )* d!// "#$u#7')*!/.

1<. A '&/ $#'u*# */)u*7/ ) /'*)/u" 5&!7& 5&/*/ '&/ d!// 7)"/

*)" #*/ 4/''!$4 /'!$7' *)" d#y ') d#y, '&/ d!// *)du7/d '&*)u4& '&!

//*!"/$' 7#$ b/ u/d # '&/ #'/*$#'!-/ u/ !$ '&/ 7)$'!$u!$4 u/ ) !$du'*!#

-/&!7/ 5&!7& u/ d!//, /'*), %/*)/$/ #$d "#$y ")*/.

1<;.

177.

Date post:	17-Feb-2018
Category:	Documents
Upload:	noraza-hanafiah
View:	213 times
Download:	0 times

Tesis Bangkok Ieyi 2012

Documents