Test Automation Using Selenium Presented by Quontra Solutions

8/12/2019 Test Automation Using Selenium Presented by Quontra Solutions

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Test automation is the use of softwareTo set test preconditions.

To control the execution of tests.

To compare the actual outcomes to predictedoutcomes.

To report the Execution Status.

Commonly, test automation involvesautomating a manual process already in placethat uses a formalized testing process.

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Frequent regression testing Repeated test case Execution is required

User Acceptance Tests

Faster Feedback to the developers Reduce the Human Effort

Test same application on multipleenvironments

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Quick Test Professional By HP

Rational Functional Tester By Rational (IBM Company)

Silk Test By Borland

Test Complete By Automated QA

QA Run (Compuware )Watir ( Open Source)

Selenium ( Open Source)Sahi (Open Source)

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Selenium is a robust set of tools thatsupports rapid development of testautomation for web-based applications.

Selenium provides a rich set of testing

functions specifically geared to the needs oftesting of a web application.

Selenium operations are highly flexible,allowing many options for locating UI

elements and comparing expected testresults against actual application behavior.

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Supports Cross Browser Testing. TheSelenium tests can be run on multiplebrowsers.

Allows scripting in several languages like

Java, C#, PHP and Python. Assertion statements provide an efficient way

of comparing expected and actual results. Inbuilt reporting mechanism.

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Selenium IDE

Selenium Remote Control

Selenium Grid

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Selenium IDE is an integrated developmentenvironment for Selenium tests.

It is implemented as a Firefox extension,and allows you to record, edit, and replay

the test in firefox Selenium IDE allows you to save tests asHTML, Java, Ruby scripts, or any otherformat

It allows you to automatically add assertions

to all the pages. Allows you to add selenese commands as

and when required

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Using Firefox, first, download the IDE from theSeleniumHQ downloads page When downloadingfrom Firefox, youllbe presented with the WindowA. (See Next Slide)

Select Install Now. The Firefox Add-ons windowpops up, first showing a progress bar, and whenthe download is complete, displays the Window B.(See Next Slide)

Restart Firefox. After Firefox reboots you will find

the Selenium-IDE listed under the Firefox Toolsmenu.

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Window A Window B

To run the Selenium-IDE, simply select it from the Firefox Tools menu. It opens

as follows with an empty script-editing window and a menu for loading, or

creating new test cases. (See Next Slide)


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Start and Stop

Recording

SeleneseScript

Editor

Selenium Log

Replay

Toolbar

Accessor

Area


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Selenium Options allow you to

Set The Text Encoding Format

Set the Default Page Time Out

Set The Base URL recordingoption

Adding Selenium Core and IDE

Extension

Add Automatic Page Title

Assertions

There are also other options

under development


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Open Firefox that has the IDE installed Open the base URL of the application to record. Keep the application in a common base state. Go To Tools Selenium IDE and the IDE will be

opened Now perform the operations on the applicationas you are testing the application.

Once you are done with the recording click onthe stop recording button and save the test

case through the file menu. By default it will besaved as a selenese script (HTML format)

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clicking a link - clickor clickAndWaitcommands

entering values - typecommand

selecting options from a drop-down listbox -selectcommand

clicking checkboxes or radio buttons - clickcommand

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Make sure the application is in the commonbase state.

Click on the run button. Here you can alsocontrol the speed of the execution using the

toolbar

Once the test is run you can view the test login the bottom of the IDE window

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In the Selenium IDE youcan create any numberof test cases and savethem as test suite.

To Run the test Suiteclick on the Play entiretest suite button asshown below.

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Test Suite with

Test1 & test2


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Test Runner allows you to run the test case in abrowser loaded with the Selenium-Core

TestRunner.

Test runner is invoked by clicking the below Shownbutton in the IDE

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On Clicking the Test Runner Button you will the

window as seen in the next slide


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Run a Test CaseClick the Run button to run the currently displayed testcase.

Run a Test SuiteClick the Run All button to run all the test cases in thecurrently loaded test suite.

Stop and StartThe Pause button can be used to stop the test case while itis running. The icon of this button then changes to indicatethe Resume button. To continue click Resume.

Stop in the Middle

You can set a breakpoint in the test case to cause it to stopon a particular command. This is useful for debugging yourtest case. To set a breakpoint, select a command, right-click, and from the context menu select Toggle Breakpoint.

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Start from the Middle

You can tell the IDE to begin running from aspecific command in the middle of the test case.This also is used for debugging. To set a startpoint, select a command, right-click, and from

the context menu select Set/Clear Start Point.Run Any Single Command

Double-click any single command to run it byitself. This is useful when writing a singlecommand. It lets you immediately test a

command you are constructing, when you are notsure if it is correct. You can double-click it to seeif it runs correctly. This is also available from thecontext menu.

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Selenese allows multiple ways of checking forUI elements.

Verifications and assertions are used to checkif

an element is present somewhere on the page?

specific text is somewhere on the page?

specific text is at a specific location on the page?

Verifications and assertions are not one and

the same. If an assertion fails, the script will be aborted

but if a verification fails the script will continue.

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verifyTextPresentThis command is used to

check if a particular text is

present in a page or not.

To add this command , While

recording the test steps rightclick on the text item that you

want verify. Once right clicked

you can find an option Show

all commands. On Clicking it

you will find an option

verifyTextPresent, select it


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verifyTitle This command is used to

check if the page title iscorrect or not.

To add this command ,

While recording the teststeps right click anywhere on the page thatyou want verify. Onceright clicked you can findan option Show allcommands. On Clicking

it you will find an optionverifyTitle,select it

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verifyElementPresent

This command is used toverify if a page element ispresent in the page or not.

To add this command ,While recording the test

steps right click anyelement on the page thatyou want verify. Once rightclicked you can find anoption Show allcommands.OnClicking it

you will find an optionverifyElementPresent,select it

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verifyValue This method is used to

check if edit box hasparticular value or if thecheck box is on. Basicallythis method returns thevalue of present in the

object. To add this command ,

While recording the teststeps right click anyelement on the page thatyou want verify the value of.Once right clicked you canfind an option Show allcommands. On Clicking ityou will find an optionverifyValue,select it.

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Assertions are same as Verifications. Theonly difference is, if the assertions fail thescript will abort. But the script willcontinue run in case a verification point

fails. The steps for inserting the assertions is

same as that of verification point.

While recording Right ClickShow all

commands select an assertion.

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waitForPageToLoadThis command will make the script to wait till the page

loads.

Syntax is waitForPageToLoad(timeout); Time out is the

maximum time the script will wait for the page to load.

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waitForAlertThis command will wait for the alert message toappear

waitForTableThis command will wait for the Web table tocompletely load in the page

waitForTitleThis command will for the page Title to appear onthe browser.

Other waitFor commandsSelenium has several other wait command like

waitForText, waitForPopup and so on. Thesecommands are generically called Synchronizationcommands

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Store command are used to fetch the valuesfrom the application and store it in a variable.These variables can be used latter forvalidation purpose.

The Store command can be used to retrievethe page title, text from the page and otherattributes from the application.

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Echo command isused to print thevalue in to theselenium IDS log.

When printing avariable use ${var}

There are somelimitations for this

methods this has tobe used withcaution

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Can run the test only on FirefoxNo Programming login (like loops, conditional

statements) can be applied

Selenium IDE can execute scripts created inSelenese only.

It is difficult to use Selenium IDE for checkingcomplex test cases involving dynamic

contents

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A solution to cross browser testing.A server, written in Java and so available on

all the platforms.Acts as a proxy for web requests from them.

Client libraries for many popular languages. Bundles Selenium Core and automatically

loads into the browser

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Software RequiredJDK , selenium-remote-control (this can be

downloaded fromhttp://seleniumhq.org/download/)

Installation Procedure Selenium RC is simply a jar file and to run it we

need java installed. Once the Java is installed justunzip the selenium-remote-control-zip which was

downloaded from the selenium site to a directory.

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http://seleniumhq.org/download/http://seleniumhq.org/download/


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First Generate the Script using selenium IDE in thefirefox IDE

Once the Scripts are recorded add assertions whereever required

Now format the Selenese test into the language ofyour choice. Please refer to the Image

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Once the Selenese script is converted intoyour preferred language you can you canrun them using Selenium Server.

For running the script you also need the

client driver for that particular language. To enhance the script we will require IDE

like netbeans or Eclipse IDE To Integrate the script and run them as a

suite we will require build integration toolslike Maven or Ant.

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Following are the steps to create a selenese testsuite and run a test suite using selenium RC

1) Record a test case using selenium IDE and save it asTest1.html (say).

2) Record another test case using selenium IDE and save its as

Test3.html (say).3) In this way you can record any number of test case using

selenium IDE and save them as .html

4) Then Create a New Test Suite using the File Menu. See theImage Below.

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Add the created test cases in to the suite asshown in Image1

Once the test cases are added to the suite save

them as a test suite as in Image2

The Open the command prompt and navigate to

the directory where Selenium RC (server) isplaced.

In the command prompt Enter the command as

shown below.


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Command : java -jar selenium-server.jar

-multiwindow -htmlSuite"*iexplore"

"https://localhost/bookstore/""D:\testa.html""C:\results.html

Once the command is run

the results will be stored inthe results.html file asshown below.

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Required Software Selenium RC Server jar , Selenium Java Client

Driver jar , JDK +, Eclipse (or any other IDE),Junit jar and testing jar

For building the frame work we requirecontinuous build integration tools like Ant,Maven or cruise control.

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Enables communication with Selenium RemoteControl Server.

Functionality of Selenium is exposed via thesedrivers.

Available in Ruby, Python, Java, C-Sharp and so

on. Give access to the rich features and libraries of the

language, including their unit testing framework. Makes it possible to develop automated scripts in

the same language as product. Which one you should use?

Whatever make sense in your context. Most Popular is java andfor the training we will use java

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Following are the steps for generating thetest scripts in java1) Record the Script in Selenium IDE and

format them into Java

2) Create a Selenium Java project in Eclipse andload all the necessary jar files

3) Copy the formatted Java code into theEclipse and run the test.

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Steps of formatting the code intojava

1) Open the Browser and openthe base URL of theapplication.

2) Open the Selenium IDE andstart recoding the test steps.

3) Once the recording is done goto Menu Options FormatJava(TestNG) Selenium RC

4) You can see the java code inthe source tab of IDE. Save thetest case with .java extension.

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Eclipse is an open source community whoseprojects are focused on building an extensibledevelopment platform for building Javaapplications and frameworks. Eclipse is one of thebest Java IDE and as a matter of face Eclipse ismuch more than a Java IDE.

We can configure a selenium project in eclipse andeven run the scripts from eclipse.

Using eclipse its easy to enhance the recordedscript. We can add power to the recorded script byparameterizing the test inputs and even validate

the back values. Eclipse also allows us to write reusable code for

efficient test automation.

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Download the Eclipse IDE for Java Developersfrom the http://www.eclipse.org/downloads/ page.

Unzip the downloaded zip file from the above siteinto a directory.

Once the unzipping is over open the folder anddouble click on the icon and it will open a dialogbox as shown below.

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Create a folder say (selenium) in any one ofthe directory and change the workspacelocation to the directory created by you.Then click ok button.

On doing so you will see the eclipsewelcome screen if you are doing it for thefirst time. On the welcome screen click onthe workbench icon to open the projectexplorer.

When you to try to open the eclipse fromnext time it will directly show the projectexplorer as shown in the next slide.

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PackageExplorer Scrip View

console


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File New JavaProject

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Specify the project nameand click finish


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Open the folder contain the selenium project thatyou have just created. Inside that folder createanother folder with name lib

Inside the lib folder place the following jar files.junit-4.8.1.jar

selenium-java-client-driver.jarselenium-server.jar

testng-5.12.jars

After placing the jar file in lib come back to theeclipse and click on the project explorer strip and

press F5. You should see the all the jar files underthe lib folder in the project explorer as shown inthe Image in next slide.

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In the eclipse Package Explorer right click on the src(source) folder. In thatselect New Packageand give a name to the

package. See thePicture1 Now right click on the

created package andclick on new classand provide a class

name. You will see ajava script template asseen in the next slide

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Your IDE should look like this

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This is where you have copy the

Java code that you formatted in the

Selenium IDE


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Right Click on theProject

Select Build Path Configure Build path

On the next windowclick on the librariestab and click on theadd jars tab

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As you click on theadd jars button awindow showing allthe jar files will be

opened. Select allthe jar files and clickon ok button

By doing this step

we are almost readyto write the scriptand run it.

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Copy the code that was formatted in theselenium IDE and paste it in the Eclipse IDEscript template.

Make sure the class name that you created

and the class name in the script are same Make sure that you have add the methods

setUp and tearDown

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Start the Selenium Server For this open the command prompt and go to the

folder where the selenium server is present. Run the command java -jar selenium-server.jar The Selenium server will start running and you can

see the message in the command prompt.

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Once the server is up go to the eclipse and rightclick on the script.

In that select Run As JUnit Test. See the imagebelow. After this you will get will see that the scripthas run successfully in the window thats shown in

the next slide.

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success

failure


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setUp methodThis method prepares the selenium server to runthe test. This method basically hooks to theselenium server and opens up the base URL of theapplication

test*** methodThe methods with the name test will actually runthe tests on the application. There can be anynumber of test methods in the app

tearDown method

This method will run after the end of the test. Thistest will disconnect with the server and makesroom for the next tests to run the tests.

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== Equal (careful)!= Not equal

>= Greater than or equal

Greater than

< Less than

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If Condition

if (name != selenium)

{

System.out.print(Tool Changed);

}

Else

{System.out.print(Tool is ok);

}

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Loop n timesfor ( i = 0; i < n; n++ )

{// this code body will execute n times

// I from 0 to n-1

}


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Required Packages importjava.util.Date;

importjava.text.SimpleDateFormat;

Sample Code

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Implementation Steps1) First get the values from the list box2) To get the values from the list box or any

other HTML element we need to know its

Xpath. (use Xpath checker)3) The values taken from the list box are

stored in a variable.4) Use the indexOf method to find if HTML is

present in the extracted variable.

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Xpath Locator


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Parameterization is to same run the scriptwith multiple set of data. The data will be stored in a CSV file. We will have write a program to read the

values from the excel line by line andreplace the values.

For reading the values from a CSV file wewill require the following packages import java.io.File;

import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.FileReader; import java.util.StringTokenizer;

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Ant is a free tool from the Apache JakartaGroup Originally written by James Duncan

Davidson

on an airplane from Europe to the US... Like make for Java only better Uses an XML file to drive its action Extremely powerful and modular Easily extensible Written in Java so it is cross platform

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Download ANT and copy it into any of thedirectory

Create a JAVA_HOME environment Variable

Create a ANT_HOME environment variables

Add the ANT bin path to windows pathenvironment variable

Create a build file to load all the jar files

and create targets to run the selenium testsusing the build file

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Start the selenium server through thecommand prompt Then go the folder where the selenium tests

are stored

Make sure that the build.xml file is presentin that location

Now run the command ant from thecommand prompt

You can see the test running and the resultswill be saved in the results.txt file.

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Selenium-Grid


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Selenium Grid

Selenium-Grid allows the Selenium-RC solution to scale for test

suites or test suites to be run in multiple environments.

With Selenium-Grid multiple instances of Selenium-RC are

running on various operating system and browser configurations,

each of these when launching register with a hub. When tests are

sent to the hub they are then redirected to an available Selenium-

RC, which will launch the browser and run the test.

This allows for running tests in parallel, with the entire test suite

theoretically taking only as long to run as the longest individual test.


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Download Selenium Grid latest binarydistribution and unpack it on yourcomputer.

Go at the root of selenium grid directoryand validate your installation:

cd selenium-grid-1.0 ant sanity check

Go to the selenium distribution directoryand launch in a new terminal:

ant launch-hub

Check out that the Hub is running by

looking at its console in a browser:http://localhost:4444/console(See the Browser in thenextslide)

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http://localhost:4444/consolehttp://localhost:4444/console


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In a new terminal enter the followingcommand

ant launch-remote-control

Based on your target file you can run either in

sequence or in parallel

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Relatively easy to automate web UI tests Record/Replay for regression tests

RC allows integration with CI andJUnit/FitNesse tests


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Speed: RC->Browser communication is aspeed bottleneck (run in grid, overnight)

UI is brittle, tests depending on the UI break alot (DSTL might fix this, page abstractions as

well)

Data-backed tests are not easily repeatable(integrate with DB test engines)


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Use Selenium to verify workflow and session Don't put Selenium tests in your main

development build run them overnight

Have dedicated machines that run tests

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Test Automation Using Selenium Presented by Quontra Solutions

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