Test Bank for Developtestment Across the Life Span 6th Edition by Feldman

7/25/2019 Test Bank for Developtestment Across the Life Span 6th Edition by Feldman

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/test-bank-for-developtestment-across-the-life-span-6th-edition-by-feldman 1/48

Download the full file instantly at http://testbankinstant.com

Chapter 1

An Introduction to Lifespan Development

1-1. In May 2009 !!-yea"-old ######## $a%e bi"th to a &-pound '-ounce infant.

a( )li*abeth +"dant

b( )li*abeth +mino

c( )li*abeth +deneyd( )li*abeth +dios

+nswe": c ,a$e: ' e%el: )asy ype: actual

1-2. ifespan de%elopment spans a "an$e of inte"ests that specialists in de%elopment can

conside". + "esea"che" wants to eamine the effects of the !!-yea"-old womans sons bi"th on

lon$-"an$e de%elopment. hich of the followin$ could possibly be an a"ea of inte"est3

a( In%esti$atin$ beha%io" at the le%el of biolo$ical p"ocesses to dete"mine

whethe" the infants functionin$ was affected by the ad%anced a$e of hismothe".

b( In%esti$atin$ D4+ st"uctu"es influence on academic pe"fo"mance.

c( 5ompletin$ a c"oss-sectional study compa"in$ males and females.d( )aminin$ how eposu"e to music in ute"o would inte"fe"e with lon$-"an$e

pe"sonality st"uctu"es.

+nswe": a ,a$e: 6 e%el: Difficult ype: 5onceptual

1-'. ####### de%elopment is the field of study that eamines patte"ns of $"owth chan$e andstability in beha%io" that occu" th"ou$hout the enti"e lifespan.

a( 7iolo$ical

b( ifespanc( ,sycholo$ical

d( 8esea"ch

+nswe": b ,a$e: & e%el: Medium ype: actual

1-6. In its study of $"owth chan$e and stability lifespan de%elopment takes an( ######

app"oach.

a( intuiti%e

b( scientificc( social

d( en%i"onmental

+nswe": b ,a$e: & e%el: Medium ype: actual





1-&. + p"ofesso" wants to eamine the effecti%eness of a new teachin$ app"oach. e" 9:00 a.m.

class will be eposed to the new method of %iewin$ teachin$ tapes while he" 10:00 a.m. classwill be eposed to t"aditional lectu"es. ;he will assess the students p"o$"ess afte" si sessions.

hat method is the p"ofesso" usin$ to conduct he" epe"iment3

a( intuiti%e

b( biolo$ical

c( en%i"onmentald( scientific

+nswe": d ,a$e: & e%el: Medium ype: +pplied

1-!. he %ast ma<o"ity of lifespan de%elopment focuses on

a( nonhuman species.

b( test tube babies.c( biolo$ical and en%i"onmental de%elopment.

d( human de%elopment.

+nswe": d ,a$e: & e%el: Medium ype: actual

1-=. + lifespan de%elopmentalist whose topical focus is the bodys makeup is inte"ested in #####

de%elopment.

a( co$niti%e b( physical

c( pe"sonality

d( social

+nswe": b ,a$e: ! e%el: Medium ype: 5onceptual

1->. + "esea"che" wo"kin$ with colle$e-a$e football playe"s is conductin$ a lon$itudinal study to

eamine an athletes decline in physical pe"fo"mance as the athlete a$es. hat type of

de%elopment would the "esea"che" most likely be studyin$3

a( co$niti%e

b( pe"sonality

c( physicald( social

+nswe": c ,a$e: ! e%el: Medium ype: +pplied

1-9. ######## de%elopment in%ol%es the ways that $"owth and chan$e in intellectual capabilities

influence a pe"sons beha%io".





a( 5o$niti%e

b( ,hysical

c( ,e"sonalityd( ;ocial

+nswe": a ,a$e: ! e%el: Medium ype: 5onceptual

1-10. 8esea"che"s in the ea"ly lea"nin$ depa"tment of a uni%e"sity a"e conductin$ a lon$-te"m

study to see how p"oblem-sol%in$ skills chan$e o%e" time as school-a$e students mo%e f"omelementa"y school to hi$h school to colle$e. hat type of de%elopment a"e the "esea"che"s most

likely studyin$3

a( co$niti%e b( pe"sonality

c( social

d( physical

+nswe": a ,a$e: ! e%el: Medium ype: +pplied

1-11. 8esea"che"s who use intellectual testin$ I?( as pa"t of thei" "esea"ch p"o<ect with

elementa"y a$e students a"e likely to be "esea"chin$ ######### de%elopment.

a( pe"sonality

b( co$niti%e

c( social

d( physical


1-12. ######## de%elopment in%ol%es the ways that the endu"in$ cha"acte"istics that

diffe"entiate one pe"son f"om anothe" chan$e o%e" the life span.

a( 5o$niti%e

b( ,hysical

c( ,e"sonality

d( ;ocial

+nswe": c ,a$e: ! e%el: Medium ype: 5onceptual

1-1'. + student "eads a flye" on the campus bulletin boa"d that says a "esea"che" is sea"chin$ fo"

students to %oluntee" fo" a lon$-te"m study. ,a"ticipation includes completin$ testin$ that

measu"es t"aits such as tempe"ament attitudes and adaptability as well as bein$ a%ailable fo"follow-up fo" the net 10 yea"s. he "esea"che" who is de%elopin$ this study is most likely

inte"ested in ########### de%elopment.

a( pe"sonality





b( social

c( co$niti%e

d( physical

+nswe": a ,a$e: ! e%el: Medium ype: +pplied

1-16. ######### de%elopment in%ol%es the way in which indi%iduals inte"actions with othe"s

and thei" social "elationships $"ow chan$e and "emain stable o%e" the cou"se of life.

a( 5o$niti%e

b( ,hysical

c( ,e"sonality

d( ;ocial

+nswe": d ,a$e: ! e%el: Medium ype: 5onceptual

1-1&. hat type of lifespan de%elopmentalist is inte"ested in how a pe"son who epe"iences asi$nificant o" t"aumatic e%ent ea"ly in life would "emembe" that e%ent late" in life3

a( physical

b( social

c( co$niti%ed( pe"sonality

+nswe": c ,a$e: ! e%el: Medium ype: 5onceptual

1-1!. + "esea"che" is inte"ested in conductin$ a study to dete"mine whethe" people who

epe"ienced a de%astatin$ e%ent such as a house fi"e whe"e the family lost e%e"ythin$ suffe"

lastin$ effects f"om such de%astation ea"ly in life. his "esea"che" is inte"ested in the ########de%elopment of the sub<ects(.

a( pe"sonality b( social

c( co$niti%e

d( physical


1-1=. ifespan de%elopmentalists typically look at which of the followin$ a"eas3

a( a pa"ticula" family

b( a pa"ticula" a$e "an$ec( a pa"ticula" town/city

d( a pa"ticula" count"y






1-1>. + de%elopmental "esea"che" who is inte"ested in studyin$ what senses a"e used most often

by a child o" what the lon$-te"m "esults of p"ematu"e bi"th a"e would be studyin$ ###########de%elopment.

a( social b( physical

c( pe"sonality

d( co$niti%e


1-19. If a de%elopmental "esea"che" is studyin$ what the ea"liest memo"ies that can be "ecalledf"om infancy a"e o" what the intellectual conse@uences of watchin$ tele%ision a"e in what

de%elopmental a"ea is the "esea"che" inte"ested3

a( social b( physical

c( co$niti%ed( pe"sonality


1-20. + sha"ed notion of "eality that is widely accepted but is a function of society and cultu"e at

a $i%en time is/a"e called

a( topical a"eas of lifespan de%elopment.

b( social const"uction.

c( a$e "an$es.d( social de%elopment.

+nswe": b ,a$e: ! e%el: Difficult ype: actual

1-21. he concept of childhood as a special pe"iod did not eist du"in$ the ######## centu"y.

a( siteenth b( se%enteenth

c( nineteenth

d( twentieth

+nswe": b ,a$e: = e%el: Medium ype: actual

1-22. hich a$e "an$e is conside"ed a social const"uction and does not ha%e a clea"-cut

bounda"y3

a( infancy be$ins with bi"th





b( adolescence sta"ts with seual matu"ity

c( middle adulthood ends with "eti"ement

d( p"eschool pe"iod ends with ent"y into public school

+nswe": c ,a$e: = e%el: Medium ype: 5onceptual

1-2'. In este"n cultu"e what a$e is conside"ed youn$ adulthood3

a( 1! b( 1>

c( 21

d( 20

+nswe": d ,a$e: = e%el: Medium ype: actual

1-26. alte" is a colle$e student who is about to $"aduate f"om colle$e. +t what a$e would he

most likely conside" that a substantial chan$e is occu""in$ in his life3

a( when he tu"ned 20 yea"s of a$e b( when he lea%es colle$e and ente"s the wo"kfo"ce at a$e 22

c( when he finished his <unio" yea" of hi$h school at a$e 1=

d( when he tu"ns 2! yea"s old

+nswe": b ,a$e: = e%el: Medium ype: 5onceptual

1-2&. o $ain a clea"e" unde"standin$ de%elopmentalists must conside" all of the followin$ b"oadcultu"al facto"s ecept

a( o"ientation towa"d indi%idualism and collecti%ism. b( ethnic "acial socioeconomic and $ende" diffe"ences.

c( how p"o$"ess in the domain of human di%e"sity has actually "e$"essed.

d( how subcultu"es a"e eactly like cultu"es in thei" %iews and attitudes.

+nswe": d ,a$e: > e%el: Medium ype: 5onceptual

1-2!. hen discussin$ de%elopmental di%e"sity what cha"acte"istic of $ood pa"entin$ do Mayanmothe"s conside" essential3

a( layin$ thei" infants down b( constant contact between themsel%es and thei" infant child"en

c( constant nou"ishment of thei" child"en

d( allowin$ thei" infants to c"y

+nswe": b ,a$e: > e%el: Medium ype: actual

1-2=. 8ace is what kind of a concept3





a( co$niti%e

b( cultu"alc( biolo$ical

d( social

+nswe": c ,a$e: > e%el: Medium ype: 5onceptual

1-2>. hen +llison was completin$ he" medical fo"ms in the docto"s office she was asked toindicate he" "ace. hat may be an app"op"iate "easons( fo" the @uestion on the fo"ms3

a( to establish he" skin colo"

b( to establish he" ethnic/cultu"al he"ita$ec( to establish he" "eli$ion

d( to establish biolo$ical facto"s

+nswe": d ,a$e: > e%el: Medium ype: +pplied

1-29. + $"oup of people who a"e bo"n a"ound the same time in the same place is called an(

a( "ace.

b( coho"t.c( ethnic $"oup.

d( no"mati%e $"oup.

+nswe": b ,a$e: 9 e%el: Medium ype: actual

1-'0. he concept of "ace is eceedin$ly imp"ecise fo" all of the followin$ "easons )A5),

a( dependin$ upon how it is defined the"e a"e between ' and '00 "aces.

b( no "ace is $enetically distinct.

c( the @uestion of "ace seems compa"ati%ely insi$nificant because 99.9 pe"cent ofhumans $enetic makeup is identical.

d( names can best "eflect diffe"ent "aces and ethnic $"oups.

+nswe": d ,a$es: >-9 e%el: Medium ype: 5onceptual

1-'1. ,eople who li%ed in 4ew Bo"k 5ity du"in$ the 9/11 te""o"ist attack on the o"ld "ade

5ente" epe"ienced sha"ed challen$es due to the attack that a"e called ######## effects.

a( biolo$ical

b( en%i"onmentalc( coho"t

d( Millennial Cene"ation

+nswe": c ,a$e: 9 e%el: Medium ype: +pplied





1-'2. 7iolo$ical and en%i"onmental influences that a"e simila" fo" indi%iduals in a pa"ticula" a$e

$"oup "e$a"dless of whe"e they a"e "aised a"e called ######influences.

a( a$e-$"aded

b( histo"y-$"adedc( biolo$ical

d( en%i"onmental

+nswe": a ,a$e: 9 e%el: Medium ype: actual

1-''. 7iolo$ical and en%i"onmental facto"s that a"e associated with a ce"tain histo"ical e%ent

such as the bombin$ of ,ea"l a"bo" can be conside"ed

a( a$e-$"aded influences.

b( histo"y-$"aded influences.

c( sociocultu"al-$"aded influences.d( non-no"mati%e life e%ents.

+nswe": b ,a$e: 9 e%el: Medium ype: +pplied

1-'6. + biolo$ical uni%e"sal e%ent that occu"s at "elati%ely the same time th"ou$hout all societiesis an eample of

a( youn$ adulthood.

b( pube"ty.c( adulthood.

d( death.


1-'&. +lices symptoms of menopause include hot flashes and cessation of he" monthlymenst"ual cycle. +lices docto" tells he" she is epe"iencin$ an(

a( non-no"mati%e life e%ent.

b( a$e-$"aded influence.c( histo"y-$"aded influence.

d( sociocultu"al-$"aded influence.

+nswe": b ,a$e: 9 e%el: Medium ype: +pplied

1-'!. hen social and cultu"al facto"s affect an indi%idual at a pa"ticula" time and include%a"iables as ethnicity social class and subcultu"al membe"ship these facto"s a"e called

a( a$e-$"aded influences.

b( non-no"mati%e life e%ents.





c( histo"y-$"aded influences.

d( sociocultu"al-$"aded influences.

+nswe": d ,a$e: 9 e%el: Medium ype: 5onceptual

1-'=. In ########### de%elopment is ######## with achie%ements at one le%el buildin$ onthose of p"e%ious le%els.

a( discontinuous chan$e distinct b( continuous chan$e $"adual

c( discontinuous chan$e $"adual

d( continuous chan$e distinct

+nswe": b ,a$e: 10 e%el: Difficult ype: actual

1-'>. In ############ de%elopment each sta$e is

a( discontinuous chan$e distinct.

b( continuous chan$e distinct.c( distinct chan$e discontinuous.

d( distinct chan$e $"adual.

+nswe": a ,a$e: 11 e%el: Difficult ype: actual

1-'9. 5onside" a situation whe"e a woman comes down with a case of "ubella Ce"man measles(

in the ele%enth week of p"e$nancy as opposed to the thi"tieth week of p"e$nancy. he diffe"encein the way "ubella would affect the unbo"n child at these two times is an eample of

a( continuous chan$e. b( discontinuous chan$e.

c( c"itical pe"iod.

d( sensiti%e pe"iod.

+nswe": c ,a$e: 11 e%el: Medium ype: +pplied

1-60. De%elopment that occu"s in distinct steps o" sta$es with each sta$e b"in$in$ about beha%io" that is assumed to be @ualitati%ely diffe"ent f"om beha%io" at ea"lie" sta$es is called

######### chan$e.

a( discontinuous

b( continuous

c( c"iticald( natu"al






1-61. + specific time du"in$ de%elopment when a pa"ticula" e%ent has its $"eatest conse@uences

and the p"esence of ce"tain kinds of en%i"onmental stimuli is necessa"y fo" de%elopment to

p"oceed no"mally is called

a( discontinuous chan$e.

b( continuous chan$e.c( c"itical pe"iod.

d( natu"al chan$e.

+nswe": c ,a$e: 11 e%el: Difficult ype: actual

1-62. )a"ly de%elopmentalists focused thei" attention on

a( infancy to p"eschool yea"s.

b( p"eschool to adolescence.

c( infancy and adolescence.

d( adolescence and adulthood.

+nswe": c ,a$e: 11 e%el: Medium ype: actual

1-6'. In a ###### o"$anisms a"e pa"ticula"ly susceptible to ce"tain kinds of stimuli in thei"

en%i"onments but the absence of those stimuli does not always p"oduce i""e%e"sibleconse@uences.

a( sensiti%e pe"iod

b( continuous chan$ec( c"itical pe"iod

d( discontinuous chan$e


1-66. hat issue has dominated much wo"k in lifespan de%elopment3

a( hich a"eas( of lifespan de%elopment a"e the most impo"tant3

b( ow much of peoples beha%io" is due to thei" $enetically-dete"mined natu"e and

how much is due to nu"tu"e3c( hat a"e the histo"ical "oots of de%elopmentalists and life span de%elopment3

d( ow a"e de%elopmental "esea"ch studies de%eloped3

+nswe": b ,a$e: 12 e%el: Medium ype: 5onceptual

1-6&. E4atu"eF "efe"s to

a( t"aits abilities and capacities inhe"ited f"om pa"ents.

b( biolo$ical fo"ces within the en%i"onment that affect chan$e.

c( how peoples $"owth and chan$e is affected at the cellula" le%el.





d( socioeconomic su""oundin$s that affect peoples $"owth and chan$e.


1-6!. he p"edete"mined unfoldin$ of $enetic info"mation is known as

a( nu"tu"e.

b( influences of the physical and social en%i"onment.

c( matu"ation.d( conception.

+nswe": c ,a$e 12 e%el: Medium ype: actual

1-6=. )n%i"onmental influences that shape beha%io" a"e "efe""ed to as

a( nu"tu"e.

b( matu"ation.c( natu"e.

d( social e%olution.


1-6>. ilma used both cocaine and alcohol du"in$ he" p"e$nancy and this conside"ed a

########### impact upon en%i"onmental influences known as ########.

a( biolo$ical nu"tu"e b( biolo$ical natu"e

c( biolo$ical matu"ation

d( social natu"e

+nswe": a ,a$e: 12 - 1' e%el: Medium ype: +pplied

1-69. Cenetically-dete"mined t"aits not only di"ectly influence a childs ###### but also

indi"ectly shape the childs #########.

a( beha%io" en%i"onment b( en%i"onment beha%io"

c( matu"ation ci"cumstances

d( ci"cumstances matu"ation

+nswe": a ,a$e: 1' e%el: Medium ype: actual

1-&0. 7ob and Ma"ions hi$h le%el of "esponsi%ity to thei" babys pe"sistent c"yin$ demonst"ates

an( ####### influence on the babys de%elopment.

a( $enetic





b( en%i"onmental

c( matu"ation

d( social

+nswe": b ,a$e: 1' e%el: Medium ype: +pplied

1-&1. 7"oad o"$ani*ed eplanations and p"edictions conce"nin$ phenomena of inte"est a"e

called ################# and p"o%ide a f"amewo"k fo" unde"standin$ the "elationships amon$

an o"$ani*ed set of facts o" p"inciples.

a( concepts

b( hypotheses

c( theo"iesd( pe"specti%es


1-&2. +d%ocates of the ########## pe"specti%e belie%e that much of beha%io" is moti%ated by

inne" fo"ces memo"ies and conflicts of which a pe"son has little awa"eness o" cont"ol.

a( psychodynamic

b( psychosocialc( beha%io"al

d( psychoseual


1-&'. "eud p"oposed a theo"y that su$$ests that unconscious fo"ces act to influence pe"sonality

and beha%io". his is called the ###### pe"specti%e.

a( psychosocial

b( psychoseualc( psychoanalytic

d( beha%io"al


1-&6. he psychodynamic pe"specti%e is closely associated with

a( "eud.

b( )"ikson.

c( ;kinne".d( ,ia$et.






1-&&. ;i$mund "eud is "esponsible fo" "e%olutiona"y ideas and the ########## theo"y.

a( beha%io"al b( psychoanalytic

c( phallic

d( "eality


1-&!. hich of the followin$ su$$ests that unconscious fo"ces act to dete"mine pe"sonality and

beha%io"3

a( psychoseual de%elopment b( pleasu"e p"inciple

c( "eality p"inciple

d( psychoanalytic theo"y

+nswe": d ,a$e: 16 e%el: Medium ype: actual

1-&=. "eud belie%ed that the ######### contains infantile wishes desi"es demands and needs

that a"e hidden f"om conscious awa"eness because they a"e distu"bin$.

a( supe"e$o

b( id

c( e$o

d( unconscious


1-&>. he app"oach statin$ that beha%io" is moti%ated by inne" fo"ces memo"ies and conflicts

that a"e $ene"ally beyond peoples awa"eness and cont"ol is called the

a( clinical app"oach.

b( in%esti$ati%e app"oach.

c( psychodynamic pe"specti%e.

d( analytical pe"specti%e.


1-&9. +cco"din$ to "eud which pa"t of e%e"yones pe"sonality ope"ates acco"din$ to the

Epleasu"e p"incipleF3

a( unconscious

b( e$o

c( supe"e$o

d( id





+nswe": d ,a$e: 1& e%el: Medium ype: actual

1-!0. "eud belie%ed that the $oal of the pleasu"e p"inciple was to

a( "educe satisfaction and maimi*e tension. b( maimi*e satisfaction and "educe tension.

c( "educe inhibition and maimi*e unconscious awa"eness.

d( inc"ease inhibition and "educe unconscious awa"eness.

+nswe": b ,a$e: 1& e%el: Difficult ype: actual

1-!1. "eud belie%ed that the ##### is the pa"t of the pe"sonality that is "ational and "easonable.

a( id

b( supe"e$o

c( consciousd( e$o

+nswe": d ,a$e: 1& e%el: Medium ype: actual

1-!2. "eud belie%ed that the e$o ope"ates on the

a( unconscious.

b( "eality p"inciple.

c( pleasu"e p"inciple.d( conscious.

+nswe": b ,a$e: 1& e%el: Medium ype: actual

1-!'. If a child de%elops into a pe"son who inte$"ates into society and maintains a $ood

awa"eness of safety "eud may say that pe"son has a well-de%eloped

a( id.

b( supe"e$o.

c( consciousness.d( e$o.

+nswe": d ,a$e: 1& e%el: Medium ype: 5onceptual

1-!6. he ######## is "euds "ep"esentation of inco"po"atin$ the distinction between "i$ht and

w"on$.

a( e$o

b( id

c( supe"e$o





d( unconscious

+nswe": c ,a$e: 1& e%el: Medium ype: actual

1-!&. o "eud Esupe"e$oF and ######## a"e inte"chan$eable te"ms.

a( conscience

b( e$o

c( unconsciousd( conscious

+nswe": a ,a$e: 1& e%el: Medium ype: 5onceptual

1-!!. "eud belie%ed that the ###### be$ins to de%elop a"ound a$es fi%e o" si and is lea"ned

f"om si$nificant autho"ity fi$u"es.

a( id b( supe"e$o

c( consciousd( e$o

+nswe": b ,a$e: 1& e%el: Medium ype: actual

1-!=. +cco"din$ to "eud a se"ies of sta$es that child"en pass th"ou$h in which pleasu"e o"

$"atification is focused on a pa"ticula" biolo$ical function and body pa"t is called

a( psychoseual de%elopment.

b( the psychoseual app"oach.

c( the psychoanalytic theo"y.d( the psychoanalytical app"oach.

+nswe": a ,a$e: 1& e%el: Medium ype: actual

1-!>. +dults demonst"atin$ ecessi%e acti%ities such as eatin$ talkin$ o" chewin$ $um may be

epe"iencin$ an( ########## fiation.

a( anal

b( o"al

c( phallicd( psychoseual

+nswe": b ,a$e: 1& e%el: Medium ype: +pplied

1-!9. hom is an adolescent who has an awa"eness of uni@ueness of self and knowled$e of "oles

to be followed. e can be said to ha%e passed th"ou$h )"iksons ######## sta$e of psychosocial

de%elopment.





a( t"ust %s. mist"ust

b( initiati%e %s. $uiltc( indust"y %s. infe"io"ity

d( identity %s. "ole diffusion

+nswe": d ,a$e: 1& e%el: Medium ype: +pplied

1-=0. Gimbe"ly is a youn$ woman who has a fea" of "elationships with othe"s. ;he can be said toha%e had a ne$ati%e outcome in )"iksons ######## sta$e of psychosocial de%elopment.

a( initiati%e %s. $uilt

b( autonomy %s. shame and doubtc( intimacy %s. isolation

d( $ene"ati%ity %s. isolation

+nswe": c ,a$e: 1& e%el: Medium ype: +pplied

1-=1. +s a""en looks back o%e" his lon$ life he feels a sense of unity in his lifesaccomplishments. e can be said to be in )"iksons ######## sta$e of psychosocial

de%elopment.

a( indust"y %s. infe"io"ity

b( e$o-inte$"ity %s. despai"

c( identity %s. "ole diffusion

d( $ene"ati%ity %s. sta$nation

+nswe": b ,a$e: 1& e%el: Medium ype: +pplied

1-=2. ;u"i identifies with he" mothe" as a "ole model. ;he has passed th"ou$h "euds #######

sta$e of psychoseual de%elopment.

a( anal

b( o"al

c( phallic

d( latent

+nswe": c ,a$e: 1& e%el: Medium ype: +pplied

1-='. "eud belie%ed that if child"en a"e unable to $"atify themsel%es in a pa"ticula" sta$e of

de%elopment o" if they a"e o%e"-$"atified in a pa"ticula" sta$e of de%elopment ###### may

occu".

a( fiation

b( conflict

c( sta$es





d( patte"ns

+nswe": a ,a$e: 1! e%el: Medium ype: actual

1-=6. ,sychoanalyst ######## p"o%ided an alte"nati%e psychodynamic %iew in his theo"y of

psychosocial de%elopment.

a( ;kinne"

b( "eudc( )"ikson

d( ,ia$et

+nswe": c ,a$e: 1! e%el: Medium ype: actual

1-=&. )"ikson p"oposed a ############ theo"y which emphasi*ed that society and cultu"e

influence and shape us.

a( psychosocial

b( psychodynamicc( psychoanalytic

d( beha%io"al


1-=!. )"iksons psychosocial theo"y of de%elopment p"oposes ######## distinct sta$es.

a( '

b( &

c( >d( 2

+nswe": c ,a$e: 1! e%el: )asy ype: actual

1-==. )"ikson a"$ued that each of his sta$es p"esents an( ######## that the indi%idual must

"esol%e.

a( c"isis

b( fiation

c( dilemmad( inte"action


1-=>. )"iksons theo"y diffe"s f"om "euds in that )"ikson belie%ed that de%elopment

a( is completed in infancy.





b( is completed in ea"ly childhood.

c( is completed by adolescence.

d( continues th"ou$hout the lifespan.

+nswe": d ,a$e: 1! e%el: )asy ype: 5onceptual

1-=9. he ########## ######## su$$ests that keys to unde"standin$ de%elopment a"e

obse"%able actions and outside stimuli in the en%i"onment.

a( psychodynamic pe"specti%e

b( beha%io"al pe"specti%e

c( psychoanalytic theo"y

d( psychosocial theo"y

+nswe": b ,a$e: 1= e%el: Difficult ype: actual

1->0. ######## theo"ies assume that people a"e affected by the en%i"onmental stimuli to whichthey a"e eposed and de%elopmental chan$e is

a( ,sychodynamic @ualitati%e.

b( ,sychosocial @uantitati%e.

c( De%elopmental @ualitati%e.d( 7eha%io"al @uantitati%e.

+nswe": d ,a$e: 1= e%el: Difficult ype: actual

1->1. + type of lea"nin$ in which an o"$anism "esponds in a pa"ticula" way to a neut"al stimulus

that no"mally does not b"in$ about that type of "esponse is called

a( classical conditionin$.

b( beha%io"al pe"specti%e.

c( ope"ant conditionin$.d( psychodynamic app"oach.

+nswe": a ,a$e: 1= e%el: Difficult ype: actual

1->2. + fo"m of lea"nin$ in which a %olunta"y "esponse is st"en$thened o" weakened by its

association with positi%e o" ne$ati%e conse@uences is called

a( beha%io"al pe"specti%e.

b( psychodynamic pe"specti%e.

c( ope"ant conditionin$.d( classical conditionin$.

+nswe": c ,a$e: 1= e%el: Difficult ype: actual





1->'. ho was one of the fi"st +me"ican psycholo$ists to ad%ocate a beha%io"al app"oach to

de%elopment3

a( ;kinne"

b( atson

c( ,ia$etd( )"ikson

+nswe": b ,a$e: 1= e%el: Medium ype: actual

1->6. Hudy was bitten by a small b"own and white do$ when she was a little $i"l and now e%e"y

time she sees a small do$ app"oachin$ he" she is fea"ful. atson would say that Hudys "eaction

is a "esult of ######### conditionin$.

a( beha%io"al

b( classical

c( "einfo"cementd( psychosocial

+nswe": b ,a$e: 1= e%el: Medium ype: +pplied

1->&. ######## ######## is a fo"m of lea"nin$ in which a %olunta"y "esponse is st"en$thened o"weakened by its association with positi%e o" ne$ati%e conse@uences.

a( 5lassical conditionin$

b( ;ocial-co$niti%e lea"nin$c( pe"ant conditionin$

d( ,sychodynamic lea"nin$

+nswe": c ,a$e: 1= e%el: Difficult ype: 5onceptual

1->!. ######### conditionin$ in which the "esponse bein$ conditioned is %olunta"y and pu"poseful diffe"s f"om ######### conditionin$ whe"e the "esponse is automatic.

a( ;ocial-co$niti%e ope"ant

b( pe"ant classicalc( 5lassical ope"ant

d( pe"ant social-co$niti%e

+nswe": b ,a$e: 1= e%el: Difficult ype: 5onceptual

1->=. pe"ant conditionin$ was fo"mulated and championed by

a( "eud.

b( ;kinne".

c( 7andu"a.





d( 8o$e"s.

+nswe": b ,a$e: 1= e%el: Medium ype: actual

1->>. 7eha%io" modification depends upon what p"inciple3

a( ope"ant conditionin$

b( social-co$niti%e conditionin$

c( classical conditionin$d( stimulus conditionin$

+nswe": a ,a$e: 1= e%el: Medium ype: actual

1->9. ;usan lea"ned at a youn$ a$e that de%elopin$ $ood study habits such as doin$ he"

homewo"k b"ou$ht about $ood $"ades and made he" want to wo"k ha"de" in school. his type

of beha%io" is called

a( lea"nin$ theo"y.

b( classical conditionin$.c( "einfo"cement.

d( social-co$niti%e.

+nswe": c ,a$e: 1> e%el: Difficult ype: +pplied

1-90. 8o$e" likes to buy lotte"y tickets "e$ula"ly because he occasionally wins. his is an

eample of ######## beha%io".

a( "einfo"cement

b( classical conditionin$c( ope"ant conditionin$

d( social-co$niti%e

+nswe": a ,a$e: 1> e%el: Difficult ype: +pplied

1-91. he int"oduction of an unpleasant o" painful stimulus o" the "emo%al of a desi"able

stimulus that dec"eases the p"obability that a p"ecedin$ beha%io" will occu" in the futu"e isconside"ed ######## lea"nin$.

a( classical b( punishment

c( social-co$niti%e

d( "einfo"cement

+nswe": b ,a$e: 1> e%el: Difficult ype: 5onceptual





1-92. +lice used to do he" math homewo"k "e$ula"ly and studied ha"d fo" tests althou$h she

continued to ha%e difficulty $ettin$ passin$ $"ades dishea"tened +lice be$an to put less effo"t

into he" math homewo"k and e%entually she failed math. his is an eample of what type of beha%io"3

a( "einfo"cement b( classical

c( social-co$niti%e

d( punishment

+nswe": d ,a$e: 1> e%el: Difficult ype: +pplied

1-9'. 7eha%io" that "ecei%es no "einfo"cement o" is punished is likely to be

a( continued.

b( inte"mittent.

c( etin$uished.d( accele"ated.

+nswe": c ,a$e: 1> e%el: Medium ype: 5onceptual

1-96. ###### ####### is a fo"mal techni@ue fo" p"omotin$ the f"e@uency of desi"able beha%io"sand dec"easin$ the incidence of unwanted ones.

a( ,unishment modification

b( 8einfo"cement modificationc( 5lassical modification

d( 7eha%io" modification

+nswe": d ,a$e: 1> e%el: )asy ype: 5onceptual

1-9&. hat is the lea"nin$ app"oach that emphasi*es lea"nin$ by obse"%in$ the beha%io" ofanothe" pe"son called modelin$3

a( classical conditionin$

b( beha%io" modificationc( social-co$niti%e lea"nin$

d( ope"ant conditionin$

+nswe": c ,a$e: 1> e%el: )asy ype: 5onceptual

1-9!. 8alph watches the othe" kinde"$a"ten students "ecei%e sticke"s and othe" "ewa"ds f"om theteache" fo" sittin$ at thei" desks and completin$ thei" wo"k. ;oon 8alph be$ins to beha%e like

the othe" kinde"$a"ten students. his is what type of lea"nin$3

a( modelin$





b( "einfo"cement

c( etinction

d( imitation

+nswe": a ,a$e: 1> e%el: )asy ype: +pplied

1-9=. hich de%elopmental psycholo$ist de%eloped an app"oach that emphasi*es lea"nin$ by

obse"%in$ the beha%io" of anothe" pe"son called a model3

a( ;kinne"

b( "eud

c( 7andu"a

d( atson

+nswe": c ,a$e: 1> e%el: Medium ype: actual

1-9>. +cco"din$ to classical and ope"ant conditionin$ with thei" Eblack boF analyses peopleand othe" o"$anisms beha%io" and lea"nin$ a"e unde"stood in te"ms of ######## #######

stimuli.

a( insi$nificant ete"nal

b( obse"%able ete"nalc( si$nificant inte"nal

d( unobse"%able inte"nal

+nswe": b ,a$e: 1> e%el: Difficult ype: 5onceptual

1-99. ;ocial-co$niti%e lea"nin$ theo"ists a"$ue that the diffe"ence between people and animals is

the occu""ence of

a( classical conditionin$.

b( ope"ant conditionin$.c( mental acti%ity.

d( "einfo"cement/punishment.

+nswe": c ,a$e: 1> e%el: Difficult ype: actual

1-100. hich fo"m of the beha%io"al pe"specti%e lea"nin$ styles has come to a p"edominant

position in "ecent decades and is based on lea"nin$ th"ou$h imitation3

a( classical

b( social-co$niti%e theo"yc( ope"ant

d( "einfo"cement

+nswe": b ,a$e: 1> e%el: Medium ype: actual





1-101. ########## focuses on the p"ocesses that allow people to know unde"stand and think

about the wo"ld.

a( 5lassical conditionin$

b( he beha%io"al pe"specti%ec( pe"ant conditionin$

d( he co$niti%e pe"specti%e


1-102. he app"oach that focuses on the p"ocesses that allow people to know unde"stand and

think about the wo"ld is called the

a( psychoanalytic app"oach.

b( theo"etical app"oach.

c( co$niti%e pe"specti%e.d( analytical pe"specti%e.

+nswe": c ,a$e: 19 e%el: Difficult ype: 5onceptual

1-10'. ho is conside"ed the p"edominant theo"ist in co$niti%e de%elopment3a( ,ia$et

b( ;kinne"

c( 7andu"a

d( "eud

+nswe": a ,a$e: 19 e%el: )asy ype: actual

1-106. ######### isa"e( a theo"y of how human thinkin$ is o"$ani*ed into mental patte"ns that

"ep"esent beha%io"s and actions.

a( +ssimilation

b( ;chemes

c( +ccommodation

d( +ssessments


1-10&. ,ia$ets two basic p"inciples of $"owth in child"ens unde"standin$ of the wo"ld a"e

a( "ewa"d and punishment. b( schemas and assessment.

c( assimilation and accommodation.

d( co$niti%e and beha%io".






1-10!. hat did ,ia$et call the p"ocess in which people unde"stand an epe"ience in te"ms ofthei" cu""ent sta$e of co$niti%e de%elopment and way of thinkin$3

a( co$nition b( accommodation

c( schemes

d( assimilation

+nswe": d ,a$e: 19 e%el: Difficult ype: 5onceptual

1-10=. hat did ,ia$et call the p"ocess in which chan$es occu" in the eistin$ way a child thinksin "esponse to encounte"s with new stimuli o" e%ents3

a( assimilation

b( accommodationc( co$nition

d( schemes

+nswe": b ,a$e: 19 e%el: Difficult ype: 5onceptual

1-10>. hat has become an impo"tant alte"nati%e to ,ia$etian app"oaches3

a( beha%io"al modification

b( classical conditionin$c( info"mation p"ocessin$

d( social-co$niti%e lea"nin$


1-109. hich type of app"oach $"ew out of the de%elopment of elect"onic p"ocessin$ ofinfo"mation whe"e e%en comple beha%io" such as lea"nin$ "emembe"in$ cate$o"i*in$ and

thinkin$ can be b"oken down into a se"ies of indi%idual specific steps3

a( info"mation p"ocessin$ b( social-co$niti%e lea"nin$

c( classical conditionin$

d( beha%io"al modification


1-110. ,ia$ets %iew assumes that thinkin$ unde"$oes ######## ad%ances but the info"mation-

p"ocessin$ app"oach assumes that de%elopment is ma"ked by ######## ad%anta$es.

a( @uantitati%e @ualitati%e





b( @uantitati%e discontinuous

c( @ualitati%e @uantitati%e

d( continuous discontinuous


1-111. +n info"mation p"ocessin$ app"oach that builds on ,ia$ets "esea"ch is known as #######

theo"y because it conside"s co$nition as made up of diffe"ent types of indi%idual skills.

a( beha%io"al

b( ope"ant

c( classical

d( neo-,ia$etian


1-112. hat lea"nin$ model seeks to identify the ways indi%iduals take in use and sto"einfo"mation3

a( ,ia$et

b( neo-,ia$et

c( info"mation p"ocessin$d( social-co$niti%e


1-11'. hat app"oach builds on ,ia$ets "esea"ch and %iews co$nition as made up of diffe"ent

types of indi%idual skills while usin$ te"minolo$y f"om info"mation p"ocessin$ app"oaches3

a( neo-,ia$etian

b( info"mation p"ocessin$

c( social-co$niti%e lea"nin$ theo"yd( co$niti%e pe"specti%e


1-116. hat aspects( of de%elopment a"e 4 ade@uately add"essed by the info"mation-

p"ocessin$ app"oach3

a( c"eati%ity and social/cultu"al de%elopment

b( continuous and discontinuous $"owth

c( @ualitati%e %s. @uantitati%e de%elopmentd( ,ia$etian %s. neo-,ia$etian theo"y






1-11&. hat type of de%elopmental app"oach is cuttin$ ed$e and at the fo"ef"ont of "esea"ch

when wo"kin$ with $enes associated with mental health diso"de"s such as autism and

schi*oph"enia3

a( beha%io" modification

b( social-co$niti%ec( co$niti%e neu"oscience

d( neo-,ia$etian

+nswe": c ,a$e: 21 e%el: Medium ype: 5onceptual

1-11!. hich de%elopmental app"oach looks at co$niti%e de%elopment th"ou$h the lens of b"ain

p"ocesses by conside"in$ inte"nal mental p"ocesses focused on the neu"olo$ical acti%ity thatunde"lies thinkin$ p"oblem sol%in$ and co$niti%e beha%io"3

a( neo-,ia$etian

b( beha%io"alc( info"mation-p"ocessin$

d( co$niti%e neu"oscience


1-11=. hat app"oach eamines co$niti%e de%elopment th"ou$h the lens of b"ain p"ocesses3

a( humanistic

b( co$niti%e neu"osciencec( neo-,ia$et

d( ,ia$et

+nswe": b ,a$e: 21 e%el: )asy ype: 5onceptual

1-11>. hat theo"y contends that people ha%e a natu"al capacity to make decisions about thei"li%es3

a( psychoanalytic

b( beha%io"alc( humanistic

d( social-co$niti%e lea"nin$ theo"y

+nswe": c ,a$e: 21 e%el: Medium ype: 5onceptual

1-119. he ######## pe"specti%e contends that people ha%e a natu"al capacity to cont"ol thei" beha%io".

a( beha%io"al

b( social-co$niti%e





c( co$niti%e neu"oscience

d( humanistic


1-120. +cco"din$ to this pe"specti%e the ability of humans to make choices and come todecisions about thei" li%es is called

a( f"ee will. b( societal standa"ds.

c( positi%e "e$a"d.

d( self-actuali*ation.


1-121. ho was a ma<o" p"oponent of the humanistic pe"specti%e and su$$ested that all people

need positi%e "e$a"d that "esults f"om an unde"lyin$ wish to be lo%ed and "espected3

a( 7andu"a b( 8o$e"s

c( Maslow

d( "eud


1-122. hich theo"ists( championed the idea of self-actuali*ation3

a( "eud and )"ikson

b( ;kinne" and ,ia$etc( 8o$e"s and Maslow

d( 7andu"a


1-12'. )leano" 8oose%elt +b"aham incoln and +lbe"t )instein a"e used as eamples of

a( self-actuali*ation.

b( social "ole.

c( social causation.d( self-efficacy.

+nswe": a ,a$e: 22 e%el: Medium ype: 5onceptual

1-126. hich pe"specti%e conside"s the "elationship between indi%iduals and thei" physical

co$niti%e pe"sonality and social wo"lds3





a( humanistic

b( contetual

c( co$niti%ed( beha%io"al


1-12&. hat is the theo"y that conside"s the "elationship between indi%iduals and thei" physical

co$niti%e pe"sonality and social wo"lds3

a( social-co$niti%e lea"nin$ theo"y

b( co$niti%e neu"oscience

c( contetual pe"specti%ed( bioecolo$ical pe"specti%e


1-12!. hat is the pe"specti%e that su$$ests that diffe"ent le%els of the en%i"onment

simultaneously influence indi%iduals3

a( co$niti%e neu"oscience

b( humanistic pe"specti%ec( contetual pe"specti%e

d( bioecolo$ical app"oach


1-12=. hich pe"specti%e contains the two ma<o" theo"ies of 7"onfenb"enne"s bioecolo$ical

app"oach and Jy$otskys sociocultu"al theo"y3

a( co$niti%e

b( humanisticc( beha%io"al

d( contetual


1-12>. hich of 7"onfenb"enne"s le%els add"esses the e%e"yday immediate en%i"onment in

which child"en lead thei" daily li%es3

a( mesosystem

b( eosystemc( mic"osystem

d( mac"osystem






1-129. hich app"oach to de%elopment su$$ests that the"e a"e fi%e le%els of the en%i"onment that

simultaneously influence indi%iduals3

a( ,ia$ets co$niti%e app"oach

b( 7"onfenb"enne"s bioecolo$ical app"oachc( ;kinne"s beha%io"al app"oach

d( "euds psychoanalytical app"oach


1-1'0. hich of the 7"onfenb"enne"s fi%e le%els p"o%ides the connections between the %a"ious

aspects of the pe"sons life like links in a chain to bind child"en to pa"ents students to teache"semployees to bosses and f"iends to f"iends3

a( eosystem

b( mesosystemc( mic"osystem

d( mac"osystem

+nswe": b ,a$e: 22 - 2' e%el: Difficult ype: 5onceptual

1-1'1. hich of the 7"onfenb"enne"s fi%e le%els "ep"esents b"oade" influences includin$

societal institutions such as local $o%e"nment community schools places of wo"ship and the

local media3

a( mic"osystem

b( mac"osystem

c( mesosystemd( eosystem

+nswe": d ,a$e: 22 - 2' e%el: Difficult ype: 5onceptual

1-1'2. Hose and Ma"ia a"e p"epa"in$ fo" the a""i%al of thei" fi"st child and a"e conside"in$

mo%in$ f"om thei" small "u"al town to a la"$e" city to $ain access to mo"e social se"%ices bette"

schools and a $"eate" %a"iety of local newspape"s and tele%ision stations. his is an eample ofwhich of 7"onfenb"enne"s fi%e le%els3

a( mac"osystem b( eosystem

c( mic"osystem

d( mesosystem

+nswe": b ,a$e: 22 - 2' e%el: Difficult ype: +pplied





1-1''. hich of the 7"onfenb"enne"s fi%e le%els "ep"esents the la"$e" cultu"al influences on an

indi%idual3

a( mac"osystem

b( mic"osystem

c( eosystemd( mesosystem

+nswe": a ,a$e: 2' e%el: Difficult ype: 5onceptual

1-1'6. 7"onfenb"enne"s bioecolo$ical app"oach su$$ests that society types of $o%e"nments

"eli$ious %alue systems political %alue systems and othe" b"oad facto"s a"e pa"ts of what

system3

a( mesosystem

b( mic"osystem

c( eosystemd( mac"osystem

+nswe": d ,a$e: 2' e%el: Difficult ype: 5onceptual

1-1'&. ithin 7"onfenb"enne"s bioecolo$ical app"oach which system unde"lies each of hissystem le%els and in%ol%es the way the passa$e of time includin$ histo"ical e%ents affects

child"ens de%elopment3

a( mac"osystem b( mic"osystem

c( ch"onosystem

d( eosystem

+nswe": c ,a$e: 2' e%el: Difficult ype: 5onceptual

1-1'!. + histo"ical e%ent such as the te""o"ist attacks in 4ew Bo"k in ;eptembe" of 2001 would

be conside"ed by 7"onfenb"enne" to fall within which system3

a( mac"osystem b( mesosystem

c( eosystem

d( ch"onosystem

+nswe": d ,a$e: 2' e%el: Difficult ype: 5onceptual

1-1'=. hat te"m "efe"s to the notion that the well-bein$ of the $"oup is mo"e impo"tant than that

of the indi%idual3

a( indi%idualism





b( humanistic

c( collecti%ism

d( bioecolo$ical app"oach

+nswe": c ,a$e: 26 e%el: )asy ype: 5onceptual

1-1'>. he de%elopment of the sociocultu"al theo"y is att"ibuted to

a( ;kinne". b( 7andu"a.

c( Jy$otsky

d( 7"onfenb"enne".


1-1'9. hich theo"y emphasi*es how co$niti%e de%elopment p"oceeds as a "esult of social

inte"actions between membe"s of a cultu"e3

a( inte"connectedness b( sociocultu"al

c( bioecolo$ical

d( contetual


1-160. ho was one of the fi"st to "eco$ni*e acknowled$e the impo"tance of and help usunde"stand the impo"tance of cultu"es influence on de%elopment3

a( 8o$e"s b( 7andu"a

c( Jy$otsky

d( 7"onfenb"enne"

+nswe": c ,a$es: 26-2& e%el: Difficult ype: actual

1-161. he concept of E"ecip"ocal t"ansactionF is att"ibuted to which de%elopmentalist andtheo"y3

a( Jy$otsky sociocultu"al

b( "eud psychoanalyticc( ;kinne": beha%io"al

d( 8o$e"s humanistic


1-162. hich pe"specti%e seeks to identify beha%io" that is the "esult of ou" $enetic inhe"itance

f"om ou" ancesto"s3





a( e%olutiona"y

b( co$niti%e neu"osciencec( bioecolo$ical

d( humanistic

+nswe": a ,a$e: 2& e%el: Medium ype: 5onceptual

1-16'. ho w"ote the $"oundb"eakin$ wo"k titled On the Origin of Species and is "esponsible fo" the bi"th of the e%olutiona"y pe"specti%e3

a( 7"onfenb"enne"

b( Jy$otskyc( Da"win

d( o"en*

+nswe": c ,a$e: 2& e%el: )asy ype: actual

1-166. he e%olutiona"y pe"specti%e d"aws f"om the field of etholo$y which eamines the waysin which ou" biolo$ical makeup can influence ou" beha%io". ho is/was a p"ima"y p"oponent of

etholo$y3

a( Da"win

b( Jy$otsky

c( 7"onfenb"enne"

d( o"en*

+nswe": d ,a$e: 2& e%el: Difficult ype: actual

1-16&. hat is one of the fastest $"owin$ a"eas within the field of lifespan de%elopment and

studies the effects of he"edity on beha%io"3

a( etholo$y

b( e%olutiona"y pe"specti%e

c( beha%io"al $enetics

d( sociocultu"al theo"y

+nswe": c ,a$e: 2& e%el: Medium ype: 5onceptual

1-16!. hat is the name of the p"ocess of posin$ and answe"in$ @uestions usin$ ca"eful

cont"olled techni@ues that include systematic o"de"ly obse"%ation and the collection of data3

a( theo"ies

b( hypotheses

c( scientific method

d( "esea"ch





+nswe": c ,a$e: 2> e%el: )asy ype: 5onceptual

1-16=. hat is the te"m that means a b"oad eplanation and p"ediction about phenomena of

inte"est3

a( scientific method

b( theo"y

c( hypothesisd( "esea"ch

+nswe": b ,a$e: 2> e%el: )asy ype: 5onceptual

1-16>. + ####### is a p"ediction stated in a way that pe"mits it to be tested.

a( hypothesis

b( theo"yc( conclusion

d( scientific method

+nswe": a ,a$e: 2> e%el: Medium ype: actual

1-169. hat type of e%idence is based on ca"eful systematic p"ocedu"es3

a( scientific

b( epe"imentalc( anecdotal

d( unethical

+nswe": a ,a$e: 2> e%el: )asy ype: 5onceptual

1-1&0. In ######### "esea"ch the "esea"che" can tell if an association o" "elationship betweentwo facto"s eists.

a( scientific

b( co""elationalc( hypothetical

d( epe"imental


1-1&1. ######## "esea"ch is desi$ned to disco%e" causal "elationships between %a"ious facto"s.

a( 5o""elational

b( ypothetical

c( )pe"imental





d( ;cientific


1-1&2. 8esea"che"s who a"e inte"ested in the "elationship between tele%ised a$$"ession and

subse@uent beha%io" ha%e found that child"en who watch a $ood deal of tele%ised a$$"essionmu"de"s c"ime shows shootin$s etc.( tend to be mo"e a$$"essi%e than those who watch little of

this type of tele%ision p"o$"ammin$. his is an eample of an( ############ study.

a( scientific

b( epe"imental

c( theo"etical

d( co""elational

+nswe": d ,a$e: 29 e%el: Difficult ype: +pplied

1-1&'. hat is the obse"%ation of a natu"ally occu""in$ beha%io" without inte"%ention in thesituation3

a( co""elational

b( ethno$"aphy

c( natu"alistic obse"%ationd( epe"imental

+nswe": c ,a$e: '1 e%el: )asy ype: 5onceptual

1-1&6. hat is the method of "esea"ch bo""owed f"om the field of anth"opolo$y and used to

in%esti$ate cultu"al @uestions3

a( ethno$"aphy

b( case study

c( natu"al obse"%ationd( epe"imentation

+nswe": a ,a$e: '1 e%el: Medium ype: 5onceptual

1-1&&. Ma"y is "esea"chin$ the causes of alcohol use amon$ colle$e students so she $oes to li%e

in a colle$e do"m fo" a month to obse"%e students and conduct in-depth inte"%iews. his is an

eample of what type of "esea"ch3

a( epe"imental

b( ethno$"aphyc( case study

d( su"%ey "esea"ch

+nswe": b ,a$e: '1 e%el: Medium ype: +pplied





1-1&!. hat is the method of "esea"ch that in%ol%es etensi%e in-depth inte"%iews with a

pa"ticula" indi%idual o" small $"oup of indi%iduals3

a( epe"imentation

b( case studyc( natu"al obse"%ation

d( ethno$"aphy

+nswe": b ,a$e: '1 e%el: Medium ype: 5onceptual

1-1&=. illiam is pa"ticipatin$ alon$ with a $"oup of adolescents t"yin$ to lose wei$ht. ne of

his assi$nments is to keep a dia"y of his food intake and the times that he eats daily. his can beconside"ed an eample of what type of "esea"ch3

a( epe"imental

b( ethno$"aphyc( case study

d( su"%ey "esea"ch

+nswe": c ,a$e: '1 e%el: Medium ype: +pplied

1-1&>. ,"ofesso" ;mythe wants to conduct a study in a %i"tual cha"te" school. ;he wants to

eamine and desc"ibe the compa"ati%e diffe"ences on co$niti%e de%elopment in students

attendin$ the cha"te" school with students attendin$ mo"e t"aditional schools. Kltimately she

plans to desc"ibe what if any chan$es a"e occu""in$ and why the chan$es c"eate socialdifficulty. his is an eample of what type of "esea"ch3

a( @uantitati%e b( su"%ey

c( natu"alistic obse"%ation

d( @ualitati%e

+nswe": d ,a$e: '1 e%el: Difficult ype: +pplied

1-1&9. In o"de" to lea"n about child"ens toy p"efe"ences "esea"che"s inte"%iew child"en at a local p"eschool and base thei" infe"ences on the child"ens "esponses. his is an eample of #######

"esea"ch.

a( epe"imental

b( ethno$"aphy

c( case studyd( su"%ey

+nswe": d ,a$e: '2 e%el: Medium ype: +pplied





1-1!0. hen a $"oup of people a"e chosen to "ep"esent a la"$e" population and a"e asked about

thei" attitudes beha%io"s o" thinkin$ on a $i%en topic this is conside"ed ######### "esea"ch.

a( ethno$"aphy

b( case study

c( epe"imentald( su"%ey

+nswe": d ,a$e: '2 e%el: Medium ype: actual

1-1!1. he de%ice that uses elect"odes placed on the outside of the skull to "eco"d elect"ical

acti%ity within the b"ain and is used in psychophysiolo$ical "esea"ch is called an( ##########.

a( 5+ scan

b( fM8I scan

c( ))C

d( epe"ience

+nswe": c ,a$e: '2 e%el: Medium ype: actual

1-1!2. he de%ice whe"e a compute" const"ucts an ima$e of the b"ain by combinin$ thousands of

indi%idual -"ays taken at sli$htly diffe"ent an$les is called an( #########.

a( 5+ scan

b( ))C

c( psychophysiolo$icald( fM8I scan

+nswe": a ,a$e: '2 e%el: Medium ype: actual

1-1!'. he de%ice that p"o%ides a detailed th"ee-dimensional compute"-$ene"ated ima$e of b"ain

acti%ity by aimin$ a powe"ful ma$netic field at the b"ain is called an( ######.

a( ))C

b( psychophysiolo$ical

c( 5+ scand( fM8I scan


1-1!6. hen an in%esti$ato" typically de%ises two diffe"ent conditions and then studies and

compa"es the outcomes of the pa"ticipants eposed to those two diffe"ent conditions in o"de" tosee how beha%io" is affected this is called an(

a( hypothesis.

b( epe"iment.





c( theo"y.

d( t"eatment.

+nswe": b ,a$e: '2 e%el: Medium ype: 5onceptual

1-1!&. 8esea"che"s conduct an epe"iment in which one $"oup is eposed to "eatment + and theothe" $"oup is eposed to "eatment 7. If the $"oup eposed to "eatment + is desi$nated as the

t"eatment $"oup the $"oup eposed to "eatment 7 is the

a( independent %a"iable.

b( dependent %a"iable.

c( cont"ol $"oup.

d( t"eatment $"oup.

+nswe": c ,a$e: '2 e%el: Difficult ype: +pplied

1-1!!. hat is the type of "esea"ch method that focuses on the "elationship between physiolo$ical p"ocesses and beha%io"3

a( psychophysiolo$ical

b( ethno$"aphy

c( epe"imentald( case study

+nswe": a ,a$e: '2 e%el: Medium ype: 5onceptual

1-1!=. he $"oup of pa"ticipants chosen to "ecei%e the independent %a"iable is called an(

a( cont"ol $"oup. b( epe"imental $"oup.

c( statistical $"oup.

d( sample.


1-1!>. In an epe"iment the ###### ##### is what "esea"che"s manipulate.

a( epe"imental cont"ol

b( independent %a"iablec( cont"ol $"oup

d( dependent %a"iable

+nswe": b ,a$e: '' e%el: Medium ype: actual

1-1!9. 8esea"che"s conduct an epe"iment in which one $"oup is eposed to "eatment + and the

othe" $"oup is eposed to "eatment 7. he t"eatments a"e the





a( independent %a"iable.

b( dependent %a"iable.c( cont"ol $"oup.

d( t"eatment $"oup.

+nswe": a ,a$e: '' e%el: Medium ype: +pplied

1-1=0. In an epe"iment whe"e "esea"che"s manipulate the ###### the %a"iable that the"esea"che"s measu"e to see if it chan$es is the ######.

a( dependent %a"iable independent %a"iable

b( independent %a"iable dependent %a"iablec( cont"ol $"oup t"eatment $"oup

d( t"eatment $"oup cont"ol $"oup

+nswe": b ,a$e: '' e%el: Medium ype: +pplied

1-1=1. In an epe"iment the ######## is what "esea"che"s measu"e and epect to chan$e as a"esult of manipulation.

a( t"eatment $"oup b( independent %a"iable

c( cont"ol $"oup

d( dependent %a"iable

+nswe": d ,a$e: '' e%el: Medium ype: +pplied

1-1=2. he p"ocedu"e that epe"imente"s need to use to make su"e that pa"ticipants in both thet"eatment and cont"ol $"oups a"e not awa"e of the pu"pose of the epe"iment is known as the

a( independent %a"iable. b( dependent %a"iable.

c( "andom assi$nment.

d( statistical law.

+nswe": c ,a$e: '' e%el: Difficult ype: actual

1-1='. hat techni@ue ensu"es that pe"sonal cha"acte"istics that mi$ht affect the outcome of theepe"iment a"e di%ided p"opo"tionally amon$ the pa"ticipants in the diffe"ent $"oups makin$

$"oups e@ui%alent3

a( dependent %a"iables

b( "andom assi$nment

c( independent %a"iables

d( statistics





+nswe": b ,a$e: '' e%el: Difficult ype: 5onceptual

1-1=6. Ksin$ a "eal-wo"ld settin$ fo" an epe"iment is the hallma"k of an(

a( field study. b( cont"ol $"oup.

c( epe"imental $"oup.

d( sample $"oup.

+nswe": a ,a$e: '6 e%el: Medium ype: actual

1-1=&. hat kind of "esea"ch in%esti$ation is conducted in a cont"olled settin$ eplicitlydesi$ned to hold e%ents constant3

a( cont"ol $"oup

b( epe"imental $"oupc( field study

d( labo"ato"y study

+nswe": d ,a$es: '6-'& e%el: Medium ype: 5onceptual

1-1=!. hat type of "esea"ch is desi$ned specifically to test some de%elopmental eplanation and

epand scientific knowled$e3

a( epe"imental b( hypothetical

c( theo"etical

d( applied

+nswe": c ,a$e: '& e%el: Medium ype: 5onceptual

1-1==. hat type of "esea"ch is desi$ned to p"o%ide p"actical solutions to immediate p"oblems3

a( hypothetical

b( appliedc( epe"imental

d( theo"etical

+nswe": b ,a$e: '& e%el: Medium ype: 5onceptual

1-1=>. If the focus of a "esea"ch study is to eamine the ways in which colle$e p"ofesso"s canhelp students to "emembe" info"mation mo"e easily such as a study would "ep"esent ########

"esea"ch.

a( applied





b( epe"imental

c( theo"etical

d( hypothetical

+nswe": a ,a$e: '& e%el: Medium ype: +pplied

1-1=9. If a "esea"che" was inte"ested in lea"nin$ how child"ens mo"al de%elopment chan$es

between the a$es of ' and & the "esea"che" may follow them until they a"e & testin$ them

pe"iodically. his "esea"ch st"ate$y is known as ######### "esea"ch.

a( de%elopmental

b( lon$itudinal

c( se@uentiald( c"oss-sectional

+nswe": b ,a$e: '& e%el: Medium ype: actual

1-1>0. hen the beha%io" of one o" mo"e study pa"ticipants is measu"ed as they a$e this is

called ######## "esea"ch.

a( lon$itudinal

b( de%elopmentalc( c"oss-sectional

d( se@uential

+nswe": a ,a$e: '& e%el: Medium ype: actual

1-1>1. In a study of the beha%io"al ad<ustment of a $"oup of child"en placed in foste" ca"e the

child"en we"e assessed once a yea" o%e" a pe"iod of 10 yea"s. his is an eample of a ######study.

a( c"oss-sectional b( de%elopmental

c( lon$itudinal

d( se@uential

+nswe": c ,a$e: '& e%el: Medium ype: +pplied

1-1>2. If the focus of a "esea"ch study is to eamine the ways in which elementa"y schoolteache"s can help child"en to "emembe" info"mation mo"e easily such as a study would "ep"esent

######## "esea"ch.

a( applied

b( epe"imental

c( theo"etical

d( hypothetical





+nswe": a ,a$e: '& e%el: Medium ype: +pplied

1-1>'. hat is the type of "esea"ch in which people of diffe"ent a$es a"e compa"ed at the same

point in time3

a( lon$itudinal

b( se@uential

c( de%elopmentald( c"oss-sectional

+nswe": d ,a$e: '= e%el: Medium ype: 5onceptual

1-1>6. hich type of "esea"ch study is a comp"omise techni@ue that essentially eamines a

numbe" of diffe"ent a$e $"oups at se%e"al points in time and pe"mits de%elopmental "esea"che"s

to tease out the conse@uences of a$e chan$e %e"sus a$e diffe"ence3

a( lon$itudinal

b( se@uentialc( c"oss-sectional

d( epe"imental

+nswe": b ,a$e: '= e%el: Difficult ype: 5onceptual

1-1>&. hat kind of e%idence is based on one o" two instances of a phenomenon hapha*a"dly

disco%e"ed o" encounte"ed3

a( scientific

b( epe"imentalc( anecdotal

d( unethical

+nswe": c ,a$e: '9 e%el: Medium ype: 5onceptual

);;+B ?K);I4;

1-1>!. o" which issues do lifespan de%elopmental epe"ts seek info"mation3

+nswe": ifespan de%elopment epe"ts study the way human bein$s chan$e and $"ow and how

this p"ocess continues th"ou$h the lifetime. ifespan de%elopmental epe"ts seek to unde"stand

uni%e"sal p"incipals of de%elopment and cultu"al "acial and ethnic diffe"ences that affect thecou"se of human de%elopment. hey seek to unde"stand the uni@ue aspects of indi%iduals

lookin$ at t"aits and cha"acte"istics that diffe"entiate one pe"son f"om anothe".

,a$e: 6 e%el: Medium ype: 5onceptual





1-1>=. )plain the diffe"ences between how a de%elopmentalist who is speciali*in$ in

pe"sonality and a de%elopmentalist who is speciali*in$ in social de%elopment $o about thei"wo"k.

+nswe": + de%elopmentalist inte"ested in pe"sonality de%elopment mi$ht ask whethe" the"e a"estable endu"in$ pe"sonality t"aits th"ou$hout the lifespan while a specialist in social

de%elopment mi$ht eamine the effects of ma""ia$e o" di%o"ce on de%elopment.

,a$e: ! e%el: Medium ype: 5onceptual

1-1>>. ifespan is usually di%ided into which specific b"oad-a$e "an$es3

+nswe": ,"enatal ,e"iod conception to bi"th( Infancy and toddle"hood bi"th to a$e '(

,"eschool ,e"iod a$es '-!( Middle 5hildhood a$es !-12( +dolescence a$es 12-20( Boun$

+dulthood a$es 20-60( Middle +dulthood a$es 60-!0( and ate +dulthood a$e !0 to death(.

,a$es: ! - = e%el: Medium ype: actual

1-1>9. 7"iefly eplain the diffe"ences between the te"ms E"aceF and Eethnic $"oup.F

+nswe": 8ace is a biolo$ical concept which should be employed to "efe" to classifications basedon physical and st"uctu"al cha"acte"istics of species. In cont"ast ethnic $"oup and ethnicity a"e

b"oade" te"ms "efe""in$ to cultu"al back$"ound nationality "eli$ion and lan$ua$e.

,a$e: > e%el: Medium ype: 5onceptual

1-190. )plain the th"ee diffe"ent types of coho"t effects.

+nswe": isto"y-$"aded influences a"e biolo$ical and en%i"onmental influences associated with a

pa"ticula" histo"ical moment in time. +$e-$"aded influences a"e biolo$ical and en%i"onmental

influences that a"e simila" fo" indi%iduals in a pa"ticula" a$e $"oup "e$a"dless of when o" whe"ethey a"e "aised e. pube"ty and menopause(. ;ociocultu"al-$"aded influences a"e the social and

cultu"al facto"s p"esent at a pa"ticula" time fo" a pa"ticula" indi%idual dependent upon such

%a"iables as ethnicity social class and subcultu"al membe"ship.

,a$es: 9 - 10 e%el: Medium ype: 5onceptual

1-191. Identify the fou" impo"tant issues of lifespan de%elopment that ha%e been debated sincelifespan de%elopment became established as a sepa"ate field.

+nswe": 1( 5ontinuity %e"sus discontinuity 2( he impo"tance of c"itical pe"iods '( hethe" tofocus on ce"tain pe"iods o" on the enti"e life span and 6( he natu"e %e"sus nu"tu"e cont"o%e"sy.

,a$es: 10 - 1' e%el: Difficult ype: 5onceptual





1-192. ,"o%ide "easons why todays de%elopmentalists belie%e the enti"e life span is impo"tant.

+nswe": 1( he disco%e"y that de%elopmental $"owth and chan$e continue du"in$ e%e"y pa"t oflife. 2( + pe"sons social en%i"onment is affected by the influences on his/he" social

en%i"onments. '( ,aul 7altes points out that de%elopment ac"oss the lifespan in%ol%es both $ains

and losses. ,eople also chan$e how they in%est thei" "esou"ces moti%ation ene"$y and time( atdiffe"ent points du"in$ the life span.

,a$es: 10 - 12 e%el: Medium ype: 5onceptual

1-19'. ,"o%ide "easons( why "euds p"inciples of psychoanalytic theo"y ha%e been called into

@uestion.

+nswe": 1( ack of %alidation by subse@uent "esea"ch in pa"ticula" the idea that people pass

th"ou$h sta$es in childhood that dete"mine adult pe"sonality 2( "euds theo"y was based on a

limited population of uppe"-middle-class +ust"ians li%in$ in a st"ict pu"itanical e"a and the

application of "euds theo"y to a b"oad multicultu"al population is @uestionable '( "eudstheo"y focuses p"ima"ily on male de%elopment has been c"itici*ed as seist and may be

inte"p"eted as de%aluin$ women.

,a$es: 16 - 1! e%el: Difficult ype: 5onceptual

1-196. ,"o%ide "easons why )"iksons p"inciples of psychosocial theo"y ha%e been called into

@uestion.

+nswe": 1( )"iksons theo"y focuses mo"e on men than womens de%elopment 2( he theo"y is%a$ue in some aspects makin$ it difficult fo" "esea"che"s to test and '( his theo"y makes it

difficult to make p"edictions about an indi%iduals beha%io".

,a$e: 1! e%el: Difficult ype: 5onceptual

1-19&. ist and b"iefly eplain th"ee types of lea"nin$ de"i%ed f"om the beha%io"al pe"specti%e.

+nswe": 1( 5lassical conditionin$ occu"s when an o"$anism lea"ns to "espond to a neut"al

stimulus that no"mally does not e%oke that type of "esponse 2( pe"ant conditionin$ is lea"nin$

in which a %olunta"y "esponse is st"en$thened o" weakened by its association with positi%e o"ne$ati%e conse@uences '( ;ocial-co$niti%e lea"nin$ theo"y is an app"oach that emphasi*es

lea"nin$ by obse"%in$ the beha%io" of anothe" pe"son called a model.

,a$es: 1= - 1> e%el: Medium ype: actual

1-19!. 7"iefly eplain why de%elopmental "esea"che"s would employ the co$niti%e pe"specti%e.

+nswe": he co$niti%e pe"specti%e emphasi*es how people inte"nally "ep"esent and think about

thei" wo"ld. he co$niti%e pe"specti%e would help "esea"che"s unde"stand how people p"ocess

info"mation and how thinkin$ and unde"standin$ affect thei" beha%io". It also $i%es insi$ht into





how peoples co$niti%e abilities chan$e both @uantitati%ely and @ualitati%ely as people de%elop

and sheds li$ht on how co$niti%e abilities a"e "elated to one anothe".

,a$e: 19 e%el: Difficult ype: 5onceptual

1-19=. hat is the $"eatest c"iticism of the ,ia$etian pe"specti%e3

+nswe": he $"eatest c"iticism is that co$niti%e de%elopment is not as discontinuous as

"ep"esented in ,ia$ets fou" distinct sta$e theo"y. the" "esea"che"s a"$ue that $"owth is mo"econtinuous e.$. as in the info"mation p"ocessin$ app"oach that focuses on lea"nin$ memo"y

and thinkin$ th"ou$hout a life span.


1-19>. ,"o%ide insi$ht as to why the humanistic pe"specti%e has not had a ma<o" impact upon the

field of lifespan de%elopment.

+nswe": he lack of influence by the humanistic pe"specti%e is p"ima"ily due to its inability to

identify a b"oad de%elopmental chan$e that is the "esult of inc"easin$ a$e o" epe"ience.


1-199. 7"iefly eplain 7"onfenb"enne"s fi"st le%el of his bioecolo$ical app"oach.

+nswe": he fi"st le%el of 7"onfenb"enne"s bioecolo$ical app"oach is the mic"osystem which

includes the home ca"e$i%e"s f"iends and teache"s who all influence the childs mic"osystem.

,a$e: 22 e%el: Medium ype: actual

1-200. 7"iefly eplain why 7"onfenb"enne"s bioecolo$ical app"oach emphasi*es the

inte"connectedness of the influences on de%elopment. Ci%e an eample.

+nswe": 7ecause the le%els of the bioecolo$ical app"oach a"e "elated to one anothe" a chan$e in

one pa"t of the system affects othe" pa"t of the system. )ample: + pa"ents loss of employment

can impact a childs mic"osystem.

,a$e: 2' e%el: Medium ype: 5onceptual

1-201. hy has Jy$otskys sociocultu"al theo"y become inc"easin$ly influential3

+nswe": he "eason is the $"owin$ acknowled$ment of the impo"tance of cultu"al facto"s in

de%elopment. 5hild"en do not de%elop in a cultu"al %acuum and thei" attention is di"ected bysociety to ce"tain a"eas which affect what pa"ticula" skills they de%elop.

,a$es: 26 - 2& e%el: Medium ype: 5onceptual





1-202. ,"o%ide some c"iticism of the e%olutiona"y pe"specti%es.

+nswe": 1( he e%olutiona"y pe"specti%e pays insufficient attention to the en%i"onmental andsocial facto"s affectin$ peoples beha%io" and 2( he"e is no $ood way epe"imentally to test

theo"ies de"i%ed f"om the e%olutiona"y app"oach because they happened a lon$ time a$o.

,a$e: 2& e%el: Medium ype: 5onceptual

1-20'. 7"iefly list and desc"ibe the ' ma<o" steps of the scientific method.

+nswe": 1( identifyin$ @uestions of inte"est 2( fo"mulatin$ an eplanation and '( ca""yin$ out

"esea"ch that eithe" lends suppo"t to the eplanation o" "efutes it.

,a$e: 2> e%el: Medium ype: actual

1-206. 7"iefly desc"ibe some of the hallma"ks that distin$uish a field study.

+nswe": 1( + field study is "esea"ch ca""ied out in a natu"ally-occu""in$ settin$ 2( ield studies

captu"e beha%io" in "eal-life settin$s whe"e pa"ticipants may beha%e mo"e natu"ally than theywould if they we"e b"ou$ht into a labo"ato"y '( ield studies may be used in both co""elational

studies and epe"iments 6( It is often difficult to "un an epe"iment in "eal-wo"ld settin$s whe"e

it is ha"d to ee"t cont"ol o%e" the situation and en%i"onment &( ield studies a"e mo"e typical ofco""elational desi$ns than epe"imental desi$ns.

,a$e: '6 e%el: Difficult ype: 5onceptual

1-20&. 7"iefly desc"ibe some d"awbacks of utili*in$ lon$itudinal "esea"ch studies.

+nswe": 1( on$itudinal "esea"ch "e@ui"es a t"emendous in%estment of time as "esea"che"s waitfo" pa"ticipants to $"ow olde" 2( ,a"ticipants d"op out o%e" the cou"se of the "esea"ch because

they may mo%e away become ill o" die as the "esea"ch p"oceeds '( ,a"ticipants may become

Etest wiseF and pe"fo"m bette" each time they a"e assessed as they become mo"e familia" with the p"ocedu"e 6( )pe"imental pa"ticipants may be affected by the "epeated p"esence of an

epe"imente" o" obse"%e".

,a$e: '! e%el: Difficult ype: 5onceptual

8K)/+;)

1-20!. Despite indi%idual and specific diffe"ences each and e%e"y one of us is t"a%e"sin$ the

te""ito"y known as lifespan de%elopment.

+nswe": "ue ,a$e: 6 e%el: )asy ype: actual





1-20=. ouise 7"owns conception in the lab is not one of the b"a%e new wo"lds of the twenty-

fi"st centu"y.

+nswe": alse ,a$e: 6 e%el: )asy ype: 5onceptual

1-20>. ;pecialists in lifespan de%elopment sha"e one conce"n: unde"standin$ the $"owth andchan$e that occu" du"in$ the cou"se of life.

+nswe": "ue ,a$e: & e%el: )asy ype: actual

1-209. De%elopmentalists study how both ou" biolo$ical inhe"itance and the en%i"onment in

which we li%e <ointly affect ou" beha%io".


1-210. +ll de%elopmental specialists acknowled$e that neithe" he"edity no" en%i"onment alone

can account fo" the full "an$e of human de%elopment and chan$e.


1-211. ifespan de%elopment is the field of study that eamines patte"ns of $"owth chan$e and

stability in beha%io" that occu"s th"ou$hout the enti"e lifespan.


1-212. ifespan de%elopmentalists belie%e that people continue to $"ow and chan$e in e%e"yaspect of thei" li%es up to the end of thei" li%es.

+nswe": alse ,a$es: & - ! e%el: Medium ype: 5onceptual

1-21'. he a$e "an$es within a pe"iod L and e%en the pe"iods themsel%es L a"e steadfast and

unchan$in$.

+nswe": alse ,a$es: ! - = e%el: Medium ype: actual

1-216. +ll a$e "an$es ha%e clea"-cut bounda"ies.

+nswe": alse ,a$es: ! - = e%el: )asy ype: actual

1-21&. +ll people "each thei" de%elopmental milestones at the eact same time.

+nswe": alse ,a$es: ! - = e%el: )asy ype: actual

1-21!. Diffe"ent cultu"es and subcultu"es ha%e thei" own %iews of app"op"iate and inapp"op"iate

child"ea"in$ <ust as they ha%e diffe"ent de%elopmental $oals fo" thei" child"en.





+nswe": "ue ,a$e: > e%el: )asy ype: actual

1-21=. he te"ms E"aceF and Eethnic $"oupF a"e inte"chan$eable.

+nswe": alse ,a$e: > e%el: )asy ype: actual

1-21>. In the yea"s ahead it is likely that lifespan de%elopment will mo%e f"om a discipline

p"ima"ily focused on 4o"th +me"ican and )u"ope to encompass de%elopment a"ound the $lobe.


1-219. 4one of the nu"tu"e influences may be biolo$ical.

+nswe": alse ,a$e: 12 e%el: Difficult ype: actual

1-220. De%elopmentalists "e<ect the notion that beha%io" is the sole "esult of eithe" natu"e o"

nu"tu"e.


1-221. Intelli$ence is solely dete"mined by inhe"ited $enetic facto"s.

+nswe": alse ,a$e: 1' e%el: Difficult ype: actual

1-222. )"ikson belie%ed that each of the > sta$es of psychosocial de%elopment must be add"essed

in o"de" to mo%e on to the net sta$e.

+nswe": "ue ,a$e: 1! e%el: Medium ype: actual

1-22'. "eud and )"ikson a$"eed that de%elopment is "elati%ely complete by adolescence.

+nswe": alse ,a$e: 1! e%el: Medium ype: actual

1-226. 5lassical conditionin$ is the only type of lea"nin$ de"i%ed f"om the beha%io"al

pe"specti%e.

+nswe": alse ,a$e: 1= e%el: )asy ype: actual

1-22&. 7y and la"$e based upon thousands of in%esti$ations ,ia$ets b"oad %iew of the se@uenceof co$niti%e de%elopment is accu"ate.


1-22!. Ksin$ info"mation-p"ocessin$ te"minolo$y neo-,ia$etian theo"y su$$ests that co$niti%e

de%elopment p"oceeds at the same "ate fo" all a"eas i.e. "eadin$ %s. abst"act computational

abilities(.





+nswe": alse ,a$e: 20 e%el: Medium ype: actual

1-22=. he humanistic pe"specti%e has had a ma<o" impact upon the field of lifespan

de%elopment.

+nswe": alse ,a$es: 21 - 22 e%el: Medium ype: actual

1-22>. In 7"onfenb"enne"s fi"st of his fi%e le%els of bioecolo$ical app"oach the child has anacti%e "ole in shapin$ his/he" en%i"onment.

+nswe": "ue ,a$e: 22 e%el: Medium ype: actual

1-229. ;ome e%olutiona"y de%elopmentalists su$$est that beha%io"s such as shyness and <ealousy

a"e p"oduced in pa"t by $enetic causes because they helped inc"ease the su"%i%al "ates of humans

ancient "elati%es.

+nswe": "ue ,a$e: 2& e%el: Medium ype: actual

1-2'0. +ll claims and theo"ies de"i%ed f"om the %a"ious pe"specti%es a"e accu"ate.

+nswe": alse ,a$e: 2> e%el: Medium ype: actual

1-2'1. + co""elational study can conclude that the %iewin$ of tele%ision a$$"ession causes mo"e

a$$"essi%e beha%io" in child"en.

+nswe": alse ,a$e: 29 e%el: Medium ype: actual

1-2'2. In an epe"iment one $"oup the t"eatment o" epe"imental $"oup is eposed to thet"eatment %a"iable bein$ studied and the othe" the cont"ol $"oup is not.

+nswe": "ue ,a$e: '2 e%el: )asy ype: actual

Date post:	24-Feb-2018
Category:	Documents
Upload:	jrenkins
View:	215 times
Download:	0 times

Test Bank for Developtestment Across the Life Span 6th Edition by Feldman

Documents