1
Test 2
• Part 1 will be returned today• Part 2 grade on paper in Blue. Will be
returned Thursday• Add 1 point to score on test• Distribution 14 As, 16 Bs, 7 Cs, 1
“other”
Field TripsBRING LUNCH & drink. Bathrooms few & far
between.
In lieu of lab on 24th and 26th March
Pick which trip. Sign up today!If you can't make either one, see me ASAP.
Potomac Potomac HeadwatersHeadwaters
Cheat River Cheat River
2
Field TripsSaturday
Morgantown: T-Showers, High 62°F, Precip: 50%Davis: T-Showers, High 55°F, Precip: 50%
Cheat River including, Muddy Run, the 1840s Virginia Iron Furnace, Albright in the record 1985 flood, and large boulder transport in the Cheat Narrows.
Stream restoration on Horseshoe RunBackbone Mtn, Blackwater Falls?Short-distance hiking on steep bouldery terrain.
Departure 9:00 return by 6:00 p.m.
Potomac Headwaters –Sunday
Morgantown: AM Clouds / PM Sun, High 49°F, Precip: 20%Cumberland: AM Clouds / PM Sun, High 57°F, Precip: 20%
East on I-68 to Cumberland Wills Mountain Anticline FocusNarrows, Cumberland, Greenland Gap~ some hiking on gentle-smooth & rugged-bouldery
terrain. Departure 9:00 a.m. and return about 6:00 p.m., may be
later if science takes longer
Periglacial (Cryogenic)Geomorphology
Gelifluction, Cryoturbatuion
vs.
Glacial, Proglacial, Paraglacial
3
Circum-Arctic Map of Permafrost and Ground Ice in EASE-Grid format
http://nsidc.org/NOAA/caps_ftp_documentation.htmlNational Snow and Ice Data Center. 1999.Digital data available from [email protected] Distributed Active Archive Center, University of
Colorado at Boulder.
Northern Hemisphere Permafrost Distribution
http://nsidc.org/NOAA/caps_ftp_documentation.html
National Snow & Ice Data Center, 1999
Northern Hemisphere Permafrost Distribution
http://nsidc.org/NOAA/caps_ftp_documentation.html
National Snow & Ice Data Center, 1999
4
Northern Hemisphere Permafrost Distribution
http://nsidc.org/NOAA/caps_ftp_documentation.html
National Snow & Ice
Data Center, 1999
Temperature Profiles- 0 C +
Active zone
Permafrost
Talik
Mean
Winter
Summer
Temperature Profiles- 0 C +
Active zone
PermafrostAquiclude
TalikSummer
5
Ice Dynamics
Isotherms
H2O Flux
Ice Dynamics
Isotherms
Ice Dynamics
Isotherms
6
Surface Armoring
Felsenmeer, Northern Manitoba. Photo by Lynda Dredge, GSCPhoto by Lynda Dredge, GSC
sts.gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/tsdweb/landscapes/photo_details.asp?numerosts.gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/tsdweb/landscapes/photo_details.asp?numero=501=501
Boulder Fields (Felsenmeer)
Hickory Run State Park, Eastern PAPhoto by Gary Fleeger, PGS
7
Late-Pleistocene sand wedges (tan) in massive icy sediments (gray); Holocene ice wedge (white),
Summer Is., Mackenzie Delta region, NWT, Canada
Photo: Hugh French and Julian, Murton, 1990. Used with permission of H. French
Murton, J.B. and French, H.M., 1993:. Reference for Previous Slide
Murton, J.B. and French, H.M., 1993. Thermokarst involutions, Summer Island, Pleistocene Mackenzie Delta, western Canadian Arctic. Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, 4, 217-229.
Photo by R.D. Reger
Active Ice Wedge, Prudhoe Bay, AK
Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical
Surveys
http://wwwdggs.dnr.state.ak.us/photogallery.html
8
Ice-wedge Trough in Peatland, Hudson Bay Lowlands, Manitoba.
Photo by Lynda Dredge, GSC
http://sts.gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/tsdweb/landscapes/photo_details.asp?numero=487
Mechanism for Sorted Polygons1. Surface in Summer
2. Surface in Winter
Cobbles
Mechanism for Sorted Polygons
2. Surface in Winter
Isotherms
9
Mechanism for Sorted PolygonsIce Wedges Form in Winter
Isotherms
Mechanism for Sorted Polygons3. Surface in “Next” Summer
Isotherms
Mechanism for Sorted Polygons4. Surface in “Next” Winter
Isotherms
10
Mechanism for Sorted Polygons4. Surface in “Next” Winter
Isotherms
Mechanism for Sorted Polygons5. Surface in “Next” Summer
Mechanism for Sorted Polygons6. Surface in “Next” Winter
Isotherms
11
Mechanism for Sorted Polygons6. Surface in “Next” Winter
Mechanism for Sorted Polygons7. Surface in “Next” Summer
Cross-Section of Sorted Polygons
Fines Fines
Gelifluction, Cryoturbatuion
12
Photo by R.D. RegerIce-Wedge Polygons, Fairbanks, AK
Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveyshttp://wwwdggs.dnr.state.ak.us/photogallery.html
Ice-wedge polygons, Hudson Bay Lowlands, Manitoba. Photo by Lynda Dredge, GSC
http://sts.gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/tsdweb/landscapes/photo details.asp?numero=488
Ice-wedge Polygons & Thermokarst Ponds in Peatlands, Hudson Bay Lowlands, Manitoba
Photo by Lynda Dredge, GSCsts.gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/tsdweb/landscapes/photo_details.asp?numero=489
13
Sorted Polygons Formed in Till, Bernard Harbour, Nunavut
Photo by Isabelle McMartin, GSChttp://sts.gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/tsdweb/landscapes/photo_details.asp?numero=373
Ice-wedge polygons in peat & frost-shattered bedrock, Seal River, Northern Manitoba
sts.gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/tsdweb/landscapes/photo_details.asp?numero=494
Lynda Dredge, GSC photo
Stone Nets near Point May, Burin Peninsula, Newfoundland• http://sts.gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/tsdweb/landscapes/photo_details.asp?numero=187
14
Rectangular Ice-Wedge Network
Prince Patrick Island, NWT
http://sts.gsc.nrcan.gc. ca/tsdweb/landscapes/photo_details.asp? numero=357
Concentric Patterned Ground, Prince Patrick Island, NWT
http://sts.gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/tsdweb/landscapes/photo_details.asp?numero=358
Concentric Polygons
Photo: J. R. Mackayhttp://www.gi.alaska
.edu/ScienceForum/ASF6/690.html
web site by Larry Gedney, University of Alaska, Fairbanks
15
Patterned Ground in Spitsbergen, SvalbardPhoto by Bernard Hallet, U. Washington,
used with Dr. Hallet’s permission
www.geology.washington.edu/images/photos2.html
Stone Polygons, Cabin Mountain, West Virginia
J.S. Kite Photo
Sorted Polygons& Stone Stripes
“Flat
”Terr
ain
Sloping T
errain
J.S. Kite Graphic
16
Patterned Ground
Cabin Mountain,
West Virginia
Blow Up of Aerial Photo
Polygonson Gentle
SlopeStone Stripeson Steep Slope
Stone Stripes Formed on Till, Baffin Island, Nunavuthttp://sts.gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/tsdweb/landscapes/photo_details.asp?numero=242
Photo by Art Dyke, GSC
Boulder Streams
Coarse Stone Stripes
17
Cryoturbation & Solifluction, Melville IslandPolygons and Circles on Flat Land, Stripes on Slopes
http://sts.gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/tsdweb/landscapes/photo_details.asp?numero=327
Solifluction Lobe, Jotunheim Mtns., Norway
http://www.rdg.ac.uk/~sgsgurne/gallery.html
Photo: S. D. GurneyReading Univ.
Solifluction Lobe, Jotunheim Mtns., Norway
http://www.rdg.ac.uk/~sgsgurne/gallery.html
Photo: © Steven GurneyReading Univ.
18
Solifluction Lobes & Terraces, Gros Morne NP, Newf.
http://sts.gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/tsdweb/landscapes/photo_details.asp?numero=116
Solifluction Apron, Melville Island, NWThttp://sts.gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/tsdweb/landscapes/
photo_details.asp?numero=311
Ice-Shattered Shale, Eastern Melville Island, NWTPhoto by Hugh French, May 1985. See Can. J. Earth Sci., 23:1398.
Used with permission of the author.
19
Rock blisters in dolomite, Bernard Harbour area. photo by Isabelle McMartin, GSC
sts.gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/tsdweb/landscapes/photo_details.asp?numero=212
Pingos, Prince Patrick Island, NWT, CanadaPhoto: Unknown Photographer, GSC
http://sts.gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/clf/landscapes_details.asp?numero=356
up to 100 m across
Pingo in Outwash, Bylot Island, NWTPhoto: Ron DiLabio, GSC
http://sts.gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/tsdweb/landscapes/photo_details.asp?numero=258
20
Pingo on glacial outwash plain, Bylot Island, NWT.
• Author: Ron DiLabio• http://sts.gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/tsdweb/landsc
apes/photo_details.asp?numero=258
Tuk Pingo, NWT
photograph by Northwest Territories Resources, Wildlife, & Economic Development
Pingo, GSC Photo
21
Pingo near Harding River, Nunavut
• photo by Isabelle McMartin, 1989• 22 m high rock pingo was formed in
heavily fractured dolomite• http://sts.gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/tsdweb/landsc
apes/photo_details.asp?numero=374
Rock Pingo in Fractured Dolomite, near Harding River, Nunavut
Photo by Isabelle McMartin, GSC, 1989http://sts.gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/tsdweb/landscapes/
photo_details.asp?numero=374
22 m
Palsa in Fen near Churchill, Manitoba.
Photo by Lynda Dredge, GSCsts.gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/tsdweb/landscapes/photo_details.asp?numero=523
22
Rock Glaciers
• Interstitial Ice• Ice-Cored
Rock glacier near Tungsten, Northwest
Territories.
Photo: Lionel E. Jackson, Jr., GSChttp://sts.gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/
tsdweb/landscapes/photo_details.asp?numero=555
A Rock Glacier, Atlin Mountain, British Columbia
http://crevassezone.org/Photos/glacier_features.htm
23
Same Rock Glacier, Atlin Mountain, B.C.
http://crevassezone.org/Photos/glacier features.htm
www-nsidc.colorado.edu/glaciers/gallery/Rockglacier_large.html
Rock Glacier, Fryingpan Basin, CO. 1966. (George L. Snyder, USGS, photograph)
Rock Glacier, Baxter State Park, Maine
24
Baxter State Park, Maine
Mt Katahdin Northeast Basin
Rock Glacier, Baxter State Park Maine
Field TripsBRING LUNCH & drink. Bathrooms few & far
between.
In lieu of lab on 24th and 26th March
Pick which trip. Sign up today!If you can't make either one, see me ASAP.
25
Potomac Potomac HeadwatersHeadwaters
Cheat River Cheat River
Field TripsSaturday
Morgantown: T-Showers, High 62°F, Precip: 50%Davis: T-Showers, High 55°F, Precip: 50%
Cheat River including, Muddy Run, the 1840s Virginia Iron Furnace, Albright in the record 1985 flood, and large boulder transport in the Cheat Narrows.
Stream restoration on Horseshoe RunBackbone Mtn, Blackwater Falls?Short-distance hiking on steep bouldery terrain.Departure 9:00 return by 6:00 p.m.
Potomac Headwaters –Sunday
Morgantown: AM Clouds / PM Sun, High 49°F, Precip: 20%Cumberland: AM Clouds / PM Sun, High 57°F, Precip: 20%
East on I-68 to Cumberland Wills Mountain Anticline FocusNarrows, Cumberland, Greenland Gap~ some hiking on gentle-smooth & rugged-bouldery
terrain. Departure 9:00 a.m. and return about 6:00 p.m., may be
later if science takes longer
