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Test Presentation 01 Subtitle Esh Group T: 0191 377 4570 E: [email protected] Lifting Operations Lifting with Excavators Esh Construction Esh Group T: 0191 377 4570 E: [email protected]
Test Presentation 01Subtitle
Esh GroupT: 0191 377 4570E: [email protected]
Lifting Operations
Lifting with ExcavatorsEsh Construction
Esh GroupT: 0191 377 4570E: [email protected]
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BackgroundNovember 2016
Operator failed to follow method statement
Criticised by EA and HSE for not having specific lifting plan
It has taken nearly 2 years and plenty of trial and error to get to where we are now
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Background
Loads of information on use of cranes for lifting operations
Very little on using excavators to lift. CPA revision 3, 2017 Lifting Operations With Excavators.
Appointed person / lift supervisor training for cranes, nothing for supervising lifting with excavators
Excavators are not cranes, they move differently, they turn quicker and they travel!
They are designed primarily to dig.
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Lifting Operations
Free Guidance document issued by the Construction Plant Association
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Identifying Lift Type
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Identifying Lift Type
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Influencing Factors
Planning and Supervision: Site Managers with suitable experience and support from appointed persons and H&S as required.
Selection of Excavators: lift capacity, physical size, obstructions
Competence of operators: CPCS with Lifting Operations endorsement A58C and A59C.
Maintenance and thorough examinations of machines and lifting equipment
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Background
Extract from CPA Guidance on Lifting with Excavators’
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Influencing Factors
Fast articulation and slew movements, cranes are designed for slower movement.
The operation of Boom, Dipper arm simultaneously to maintain position, whilst lifting or lowering.
Lift Capacity Indicator only warns of approach to overload.
Rated at least stable condition (cross track) so it alarms well short of overload, causing operators to switch it off.
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Lifting OperationsFork attachment?
Thorough examination required / SWL Quite heavy in itself, uneven distribution of stress
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Lifting Operations
In line / Cross track, the machines lift capability changes, not an issue with crane, height + or - ground level, all factors which affect the machines capability
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Lifting Operations
Same machine, same lifting equipment, same load, so what has changed?
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Lifting OperationsWeight of quick hitch, lifting equipment and pump, should not be an issue for the machine.
Assuming the hydraulic hoses and extraction pipe are secured and supported at entry to the shaft, who would consider the head of water as part of the overall weight?
In this case, assuming a head of 8 m the water could add 1.25 metric tonnes to the load.
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Lifting Operations
What’s wrong with this picture?Undue stress placed on the chain, must be vertical from lifting pint.
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Lifting Operations
Standard operation which we see everyday on site.
At what point does this become a lifting operation, at commencement of pull or when sheet clears the ground?
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Legislation
LOLER 1998, applies to excavators when used in lifting operations.
Regulation 2 states: “An excavator (or other earth moving equipment), adapted to be used for lifting, using lifting attachments (e.g. forks, grabs, magnets), but not when used for normal earth moving operations.
In other words when not used for its primary designed function
HSAWA 1974: Requires that the company provide safe plant and equipment, arrangements to ensure practices are safe, suitable supervision, a safe working place and training.
PUWER 1998: Requires regular thorough inspection of all plant and equipment used in lifting operations.
Lets not forget the influence of insurance companies in driving change
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OH&SF039 Lifting Plan
The basic excavator lifting plan is intended to cover standard and repetitive lifting operations on site, this would include manhole rings, pipes, trench box etc. The weights of these items are known and the rated capacity of the machine required to safely lift these items is calculated.
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Completion
The Lift Supervisor will complete the lifting operations details including the description of the lifting operations to be carried out under the plan.
This will generally be the Site Manager.
They will consult the Excavator Lifting Capacity Charts and Identify whether the excavator selected is capable of lifting the required weight from the tables.
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Completion
When we started to consider this operation our original thought was to use the capacity at the machines least stable position, to take the decision away from site managers
Soon became obvious that this was impractical as nothing less than a 32 tonne excavator would be able to carry out lifting operations on site!
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Excavator Lifting Capacity Charts
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Completing the lift plan• The lift Supervisor will then make necessary deductions from the
identified lift capacity as indicated on the form. These shall be deducted from the rated capacity to give the lifting capacity.
• The lift supervisor should identify the limits of the lifting operation, the maximum radius of the lift, the maximum height and or drop of the lift, and whether the lift is to be carried out inline or across the tracks.
• Carriage of loads must wherever possible be carried out in line with tracks at shortest radius possible.
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Completing the lift plan• The Lift Supervisor must also establish that the
operation does not exceed 80% of the hydraulic capacity (Available lifting Capacity) of the machine. If this is the case the lift must be referred to the Appointed Person.
Weight of load(including Lifting equipment) = %
Available Excavator Capacity
• If the final lifting capacity is less than the load weight, the lift supervisor must refer the lift to the Appointed Person.
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The Excavator
The specific details of the excavator
you plan to use should be entered.
The information is available in the vehicle
handbook and should be displayed as a
sticker on the inside window of the
machine.
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The Excavator
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The Excavator
The lift radius should be the maximum distance that the excavator has to reach to complete the operation. It is measured from the centre of the machine to the tip of the boom.
The lift height / drop is the height that the lifting point will be at during the operation. Not the load!
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The Excavator
Inline /cross track is straight forward, will the load be lifted within 45° of being inline with the tracks. If greater than 45°the lift is cross track and deductions must be made.
Where the load will be initially lifted cross track and then brought in line prior to tracking, the cross track value should be used.
Where multiple lifts are planned, all lifts should be classed as cross track.
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The Lift
The maximum capacity of the excavator in the configuration previously identified must be entered.
Buckets should where possible be removed for lifting operations. If this is not possible then the weight must be deducted.
The weight of the quick hitch must also be deducted.
The weight of lifting equipment must then be deducted. In this case 55kg for the chains and 3 kg for the lifting keys.
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WeightsInformation on weights is available.
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The Lift
Once all the deductions have been made the final capacity figure should be entered. This figure is the safe working load (SWL) of the machine in this configuration.
Consult the document ‘Use and maintenance of Lifting Equipment’ prior to selecting lifting equipment.
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The Load
Lift Supervisor can plan and implement basic lifts only. They can supervise other lifts with plan in place.
An Appointed Person is required to be consulted for intermediate lifts and must plan complex lifts.
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The Load
This form and procedure only applies to basic repetitive lifts carried out on sites. Outside of these criteria the lift must be assessed by an Appointed Person.
As long as the item to be lifted is less than 80% of the excavator capacity (as calculated) then the lift can proceed.
If the lift is over 80% of capacity an Appointed Person must be consulted.
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Movement & Location
Where the load weight exceeds 80% of the final capacity the AP must be consulted.Where the load is to be carried down a slope equal to or greater than 10° the AP must be consulted. This is due to the increase in radius due to the pendulum factor
In this case 4003 = 63% 6350
Weight of load & lifting Equipment =%Adjusted SWL
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Movement & Location
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Specific Risks
Hazards would include, choke points, scaffolds next to route, buildings, excavations, potential contact with pedestrians, underground services tracked over, overhead cables tracked under.If any of these are present the operator and lift supervisor should walk the route and identify control measures.All persons involved in the operation must sign the lift plan.
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Wheeled Excavators
As can be seen the side tipping lines vary greatly depending on the locking of the oscillating axle and deployment of the blade and or stabilisers. It also as a significant impact on the lifting capacity.
The position of the front tipping line also depends upon the deployment of stabilisers and/or blade. As a rule, they are much more stale with stabilisers deployed.
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Wheeled ExcavatorsEffect of Tyres on StabilityStability and load carrying capabilities can be adversely affected by issues such as:
• Incorrect tyre pressures• Differences in diameter of tyres on the
same axel due to deferential wear.• Difference of diameter in tyres on same
hub.• Incorrect ply rating• Use of poor spec tyres• Poor Tyre Repairs
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When things go wrong
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General
Based upon the CPA guidance we have created two procedures, one for 360 and one for 180 backhoe loaders.
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Questions
?
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Thank you for your time – any questions?
