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Institut fr SolartechnikHochschule fr Technik RapperswilOberseestrasse 10, CH 8640 RapperswilTel +41 55 222 48 21, Fax +41 55 222 48 44www.solarenergy.ch

Test Report No. C1039LPEN

Performance test according to EN 12975-2:2006, Paragraph 6

Content: page1 Description of Collector ........................................................................................................................ 2

1.1 Technical Data of the Sample ....................................................................................................... 21.2 Sketch of Collector ........................................................................................................................ 31.3 Specifications on Elements ........................................................................................................... 3

1.4

Photo of Collector ......................................................................................................................... 4

1.5

Sketch of Collector Mounting ........................................................................................................ 4

2 Test Methods and Results ................................................................................................................... 52.1 Test of Thermal Performance ....................................................................................................... 52.2 Schematic of the Test Loop .......................................................................................................... 52.3 Power Output ................................................................................................................................ 62.4 Incident Angle Factor .................................................................................................................... 92.5 Time Constant............................................................................................................................. 102.6 Effective Thermal Capacity ......................................................................................................... 102.7 Pressure Drop ............................................................................................................................. 112.8

Observed Failures ...................................................................................................................... 12

3 Remarks ............................................................................................................................................. 12

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1 Description of Collector

1.1 Technical Data of the SampleProduct information

ManufacturerSolarMaster TechnologyCo., Ltd

Model SHC-15

Type Evacuated tube collector

Flow Heat Pipe

Serial product Yes

Drawing numberA complete set of technicaldrawings is filed at the testinstitute.

Serial number 057382076687000067890

Date of manufacture 01.10.2008

Physical parameters

Gross length 1.925 m

Gross width 1.184 m

Gross heigth 0.135 m

Gross area 2.279 m

Aperture area 1.408 m

Absorber area 1.208 m

Weight empty 49.0 kgFluid capacity 0.9 l

Construction

Type Evacuated tube collector

Number of absorberelements

15

Absorber pitch 75.0 mm

Number of hydraulicallyparallel tubes

1

Number of thermallyserial glazings

1

Material of glazing(s) Borosilicate glassThickness of glazing(s) 1.6 mm

Heat transfer fluid (manufacturers recommendation)

Type Water-glycol

Specifications --

Flow range (manufacturers recommendation)

Flow range 120 - 500 l/h

Rated flow rate 160 l/h

Absorber

Absorber elementEvacuated double glasstube

Length of absorber element 1710.0 mm

Width of absorber element 47.0 mm

Thickness of absorberelement

1.60 mm

CoatingCu/SS-ALN(H)/ SS-ALN(L)ALN

Flowed through element Copper pipe/Heat pipe

Joining techniqueHeat conductingaluminum sheets

Joining seam --

Installation

On tilted roof Yes

In tilted roof No

On flat roof No

On flat roof with stand Yes

Facade No

Casing and insulation

Casing material Aluminium

Sealing material EPDM

Insulation materialRockwool compression-moulded

Thickness (in mm) 60

Aperture dimensions 1.713 m * 0.0548 m * 15

Limitations (manufacturer information)

Max. temperature 260C

Max. operating pressure 12 bar

Other --

Remarks on collector design

--

Test schedule

Test procedureEN12975:2006,Outdoor test

Sample received 05.01.2009

Start of test 17.04.2009

End of test 08.07.2009

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1.2 Sketch of Collector

1.3 Specifications on Elements

1 GlazingMaterial: Borosilicate glassThickness [mm]: 1.6

2 Heat-conducting metal sheetDescription: Aluminum

3 Heat pipeDescription: Copper

4 Vacuum

5 Absorber coatingDescription: Cu/SS-ALN(H)/ SS-ALN(L)ALN

5 AbsorberAbsorber element: Evacuated double glass tubeFlow-through element: Copper pipe/Heat pipeLength of element [mm]: 1713Width of element [mm]: 47Flow type: SerialJoining technique: Heat conducting aluminum sheets

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1.4 Photo of Collector

1.5 Sketch of Collector Mounting

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2 Test Methods and Results

2.1 Test of Thermal PerformanceTests carried out according to EN 12975-2: 2006.Deviations from this standard are indicated by the same formatting that is used for this clause. The reasons for thedeviations are mentioned.

2.2 Schematic of the Test Loop

Fig. 2.1: Test loop for efficiency measurements.

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2.3 Power Output

2.3.1 GeneralFlow rate during test 100.0 l/h

Fluid for tests 33.3 Vol-% ethylene glycol

Test method stationary (steady state)

Geographical position of test site 47.2N / 8.8O, 417 m NN

Collector tilt angle tracked (455)

Collector azimuth angle tracked (048)

Definition of efficiency GAQ = &

Thermal output power of collector Q&

Reference area A

Solar irradiance G

Solar irradiance on reference area AG

Efficiency equation 2*m2*m10 TGaTa =

Temperature at collector inlet Tin

Temperature at collector outlet Tex

Ambient temperature Ta

Mean collector temperature ( ) 2TTT exinm += Reduced collector temperature ( ) GTTT am

*m =

Solar irradiance for efficiency diagrams G = 800 W/m

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2.3.2 Power output per collector unit

2.3.2.1 Peak powerPeak power Wpeakper collector unit for normal incident irradiation of 1000 Wm

-2.

Wpeak= 899 [W]

2.3.2.2 Diagram

Power output per collector unit for G = 1000 W/m2

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Tm- Ta[K]

Fig. 2.2: Power output per collector unit at irradiance G = 1000 W/m

2.3.2.3 Power output per collector unit

Tm- TaGlobal irradiance G

G=400 W/m G=700 W/m G=1000 W/m

10 K 333 W 602 W 872 W30 K 270 W 540 W 810 W

50 K 196 W 466 W 736 W

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2.3.3 Efficiency curveThe efficiency curves with reference to the absorber-, aperture- and gross areas are indicated in addition to the

requirements of the norm.

Collector efficiency for G = 800 W/m2

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.10

Tm* [Km2/W]

Absorber

Aperture

Gross

Fig. 2.3: Efficiency diagram for G = 800 W/m

2.3.3.1 Parameters for efficiency equation

Reference area Absorber area Aperture area Gross area

0(-) 0.744 0.638 0.394

a1(W/mK) 2.09 1.79 1.11

a2(W/mK) 0.0122 0.0105 0.0065

From repetitive measurements of a reference collector, we estimate the following dispersion for the efficiencymeasurement (standard deviation of the mean, multiplied with a coverage factor 2):At Tm*=0.02: 0.27 Efficiency-%,at Tm*=0.05: 0.44 Efficiency -%,

at Tm*=0.08: 0.62 Efficiency -%.

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2.4 Incident Angle Factor

2.4.1 Table of the Incidence Angle Modifier (IAM)0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

K(longitudinal) 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.99 0.97 0.93 0.85 0.71 0.46 0.00

K(transversal) 1.00 1.01 1.06 1.15 1.29 1.43 1.44 1.16 0.64 0.00

2.4.2 Diagram of the Incidence Angle Modifier

Incident Angle Modifier

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00

1.20

1.40

1.60

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Angle []

IAMT

IAML

Fig. 2.4: Incident angle modifiers

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2.5 Time ConstantC= 924 s

2.6 Effective Thermal Capacity

2.6.1 Determination according to EN12975-2:2006, Annex G.3Determination based on transient behaviour of the collector.

Ceff,G3= 183.0 kJ/K (Effective thermal capacity of collector filled with fluid)

Additional information: The thermal capacity was measured with the properties of Antifrogen N. For other fluids,the thermal capacity is calculated as follows:

Ceff,G3= 0.9 l * density * specific heat capacity of fluid + 179.5 kJ/K

2.6.2 Determination according to EN12975-2:2006, Section 6.1.6.2Estimation based on material properties.

Ceff,6162= 20.3 kJ/K (Effective thermal capacity of collector filled with fluid)

Additional information: The thermal capacity was measured with the properties of Antifrogen N. For other fluids,the thermal capacity is calculated as follows:

Ceff,6162= 0.9 l * density * specific heat capacity of fluid + 16.8 kJ/K

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2.7 Pressure Drop

2.7.1 Diagram

Pressure drop in Pa

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500

Flowrate [l/h]

20 C

Fig. 2.5: Pressure drop as a function of volume flowrate

2.7.2 Pressure drop at rated flowrateConditions:Tm= 20C and dV/dt = 160 l/h

p = 202 Pa

2.7.3 Table of pressure drop data in PaConditions:Tm= 20 C

Flow rate [l/h] 0 100 200 300 400 500

Pressure drop [Pa] 0 101 286 556 909 1346

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2.8 Observed Failures

Details about failures that are rated as major failures according to paragraph 5.3.1 of EN12975-1:2006.

Absorber leakage or such deformation that permanent contact between absorber andcover is established.

Passed

Breaking or permanent deformation of cover or cover fixing. Passed

Breaking or permanent deformation of collector fixing points or collector box. Passed

Loss of vacuum or low pressure (applicable for vacuum or subatmospheric collectors) Passed

Accumulation of humidity in form of condensate on the inside of the transparent cover ofthe collector exceeding 10% of the aperture area

Passed

No major failures according to paragraph 5.3.1 of EN12975-1:2006 were found for this collector.

3 RemarksThis report must not be copied except in full.The test methods applied fulfil the requirements of EN12975:2006.The test results only refer to the tested collector sample.This test report is made according to the requirements of EN12975:2006.This test report fulfils the requirements of ISO17025.

Rapperswil, 08.09.2009

Dr. Andreas Bohren Dipl.-Ing. Walter Gubler

Head of SPF Testing Test engineer