Testing and Development Activities of Meter-Base Switches for DER Applications Power Systems 2005...

Testing and Development Activities of Meter-Base Switches for DER Applications

Power Systems 2005 Conference, Clemson University March 9-11 2005

Panel Session on Interconnection:

Doeg RodriguezDoeg Rodriguez Tom KeyTom KeyUniv. of Puerto RicoUniv. of Puerto Rico EPRI SolutionsEPRI SolutionsMayagüez, PRMayagüez, PR Knoxville, TNKnoxville, [email protected] [email protected](787) 505-7783 (865) 218-8082

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

2 Copyright © 2005 EPRI Solutions, Inc. All rights reserved.

Update on EPRI Meter-BaseSwitch Developments

Evaluation of Global Power Products “Generlink” (previously PEPCO Technologies)

Physical Inspection of the unit (inside and outside)

Transfer, Protection and Time Tests

Adding Paralleling Functions….”GridGateway”

Programmable Protection Settings

Future for AMR, Communications and Dispatching


Generlink Unit Tests

Revenue Meter collar

Specially designed plug - prevents accidental disconnection or operation


Top side view

Compatible with 4-jaw ringed/ring-less bases

CT’s on Utility side

Load circuit breakers on generator side

Generlink Plug


Side view

Weather-tight cap

Meter base ring

Indicator LEDS

Utility Availability

Internal Fault

Overload

Generator as preferred source


Bottom view

Blades for meter base

Neutral bond for generator

Meter base ring


Switching Components

Interlocking relays

200 A rated busbars

200 A rated utility relay

30 A rated generator relay

Integral protection functions


Test Setup

The “House”

PT and CT monitoring points

Weather-head

Meterbase

Circuit Panel


Test Setup (Cont.)

Service Entrance

150 FT 4/0 AWG

50 kVA Transformer 480/240/120


Test Setup (Cont.)

Standby source

25 kVA Transformer

480/240/120 V

Heater loads (×2)

4300 W (240V)

5200 W (240V)

120 V loads (×2)

40 W bulbs


State Diagram / Singleline

Generator is preferred source

Allows for scheduled maintenance and test runs

Transfer is break-before-make

Relay operation is fully interlocked


Tests

Three types

A. Transfer Tests (16 tests)

Voltage Magnitude & Ramp tests

B. Protection Tests (5 tests)

Overload

C. Time Trial Tests (4 tests)

Transfer Time tests


A. Transfer Tests

Type of tests

Loss of Phase (only one 120V leg)

Under and Over-voltage events

Loss of utility

Paralleling

Designation Action Protocol Case Type Case

A0 Energize one leg gen. circuit while in utility mode Loss of line Single Line Gen. Energization

A1 Energize one leg gen. circuit while in utility mode Loss of line Single Line Gen. Energization

A2 Energize one leg gen. circuit while in gen. mode Loss of line Single Line Gen. EnergizationA3 Disconnect one leg gen. while serving load Loss of line Single Line Gen. Dropout

A4Disconnect one leg gen. while serving load/ Decrease voltage on remaining phase until transfer

Loss of lineSingle Line Gen. Dropout / Undervoltage Magnitude

A5Energize one leg utility, while in gen. mode / Gen. serving load

Loss of line Single Line Utility Energization

A6Energize one leg utility, while in gen. mode / Gen. un-energized


A6BEnergize one leg utility, while in utility mode / Gen. un-energized


A7BIncrease utility voltage from zero on both legs simulatenously until transfer

Voltage Disturbance Utility Pickup Voltage Magnitude

A8BIncrease gen. voltage on both legs simultaneously until transfer

Voltage DisturbanceGenerator Pickup Voltage Magnitude

A9BDecrease utility voltage on both legs simultaneously until transfer / Generator Offline

Voltage Disturbance Utility Undervoltage Magnitude

A10Decrease gen. voltage on both legs simultaneously until transfer

Voltage Disturbance Generator Undervoltage Magnitude

A11 De-energize utiltiy and energize gen. Loss of Utility Utility OutageA15 Energize Generator / utility serving load Paralleling ParallelingA17 Energize utility / Gen. serving load Reconnection Utility ReturnA18 Energize utility and de-energize gen Reconnection Utility ReturnA20 Increase voltage on utility source until transfer Voltage Disturbance Utility Overvoltage Magnitude

A21 Increase voltage on generator source until transfer Voltage Disturbance Generator Overvoltage Magnitude

Source Transfer tests


B. Protection Tests

Overload temperature trip

Tested onboard generator side load breakers

Inrush compatibility

Verified load breaker coordination with sudden current increase

Overloaded transfer test

Verified GL did not transfer to generator on overload


Protection Tests (Cont.)

Designation Action Protocol Case Type Case

B1 Run above rated load on generator mode until trip Protection Overload Time

B2Energize generator with overload and utility offline; Utility Relay closed

Protection Overload Generator Blackstart A

B2BEnergize generator with overload and utility offline; Utility Relay open.

Protection Overload Generator Blackstart B

B3Transfer to generator while carrying a load above rated for generator mode

Protection Overload Transfer

B4Sudden, momentary, increase of load from rated to overload

Protection Inrush Test

Protection tests


Time Trials

Transfer time from Utility to Standby

Standby Source: 25 kVA Transformer

Standby Source: 5 kW Gas Generator

Transfer time from Standby to Utility

Standby Source: 25 kVA Transformer

Standby Source: 5 kW Gas Generator


Time Trials Results

Utility to 25 kVA Transformer

• Orange Unit = 14.2 Cycles (top)

• Blue Unit = 15.2 Cycles (right)

Orange Unit: Util to Gen - Xfmr

0

50

100

150

200

250

100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300

Time (in cycles)

Vol

tage

(in

RM

S V

olts

)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Cu

rren

t (i

n R

MS

Am

ps)

Vsource Vgen Vload Isource Igen Iload

Blue Unit: Util to Gen - Xfmr

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300

Time (in cycles)

Vol

tage

(in

RM

S V

olts

)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Cu

rren

t (i

n R

MS

Am

ps)



Time Trials Results

Utility to 5kW Generator



Orange Unit: Util to Gen. - Honda

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300

Time (in cycles)

Vol

tage

(in

RM

S V

olts

)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Cu

rren

t (i

n R

MS

Am

ps)


Blue Unit: Util to Gen. - Honda

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

100 150 200 250 300 350 400

Time (in cycles)

Vol

tage

(in

RM

S V

olts

)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Cu

rren

t (i

n R

MS

Am

ps)



Time Trials Results

25 kVA Transformer to Utility



Orange Unit: Gen to Util Xfmr

0

50

100

150

200

250

150 170 190 210 230 250 270 290 310 330 350

Time (in cycles)

Vol

tage

(in

RM

S V

olts

)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Cu

rren

t (i

n R

MS

Am

ps)


Blue Unit: Gen to Util - Xfmr

0

50

100

150

200

250

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

Time (in cycles)

Vol

tage

(in

RM

S V

olts

)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Cu

rren

t (i

n R

MS

Am

ps)



Time Trials Results

5 kW Generator to Utility



Orange Unit: Gen. to Util - Honda

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300

Time (in cycles)

Vol

tage

(in

RM

S V

olts

)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Cu

rren

t (i

n R

MS

Am

ps)


Blue Unit: Gen. to Util - Honda

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300

Time (in cycles)

Vol

tage

(in

RM

S V

olts

)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Cu

rren

t (i

n R

MS

Am

ps)



Utility

House

Meter

DG

GenerLink™

Basic GenerLink


Basic GridGateway

Utility

House

Meter

DG

GridGateway™CT

CT

200 A

30 A

GridGateway™

FCG

ICE

Disconnect SwitchDisconnect Switch

Internal Relay Internal Relay Interface Board Interface Board

Optional External Optional External Generator RelayGenerator Relay

Surge Protection Surge Protection BoardBoard

ConnectorConnectorfor Generatorfor Generator

What It Is

A device that provides a gateway connection with programmable protection for on-site generation systems operating in parallel with the grid or operating as an island

Benefits

Represents DG Interconnection Agreement btw end-user & utility

Utility adjustable protection parameters

Ability to periodically test and validate these parameters

Future utility communications and monitoring capability

7

GridGateway Development

Any DER

ConnectorConnectorfor Generatorfor Generator

Programmable Programmable Control Board Control Board


GridGateway Related Interface and Controls

Local Loads

GridGatewayGridGateway

DGDG

Reference

V/I Sense

V/ISense

Sense

Utility

GridGatewayGridGateway

DGDG

30A DG 30A DG RelayRelay

Relay Settings

Monitoring & Control

Sense

Sense

V

Trip/ Close

Trip/Close

200A Utility Relay200A Utility Relay

Meter


Example Programmable Trip Settings

(GridGateway to have 18 programmable protective functions)

The primary functions of the device are to provide protection for the utility from incorrect operation of the DR and to provide a means for safely interconnecting a synchronized DR to the Utility/Residence circuit.


Set up and Functional Control Responsibilities

• The GG handles any normal switching or paralleling functions, e.g. transfer, MBB or BBM, etc.

• Utility will use the laptop communication port and set up based on the application and input form end user. If end user changes the DG or Application utility reconfigures.

• End user has control to select "utility preferred" or "generator preferred," and can lockout either source via local circuit breakers.

• Eventually control wiring will be required between the GG and the DG for voltage regulator and governor control following standards for parallel interconnection.

• Potential for external supervisory control via GG, such as generator dispatch or load shedding is consideredin the logical design.


GridGateway Applications

0. Basic manual transferBasic manual transfer – starts with primary source closed, as default configuration for troubleshooting the unit (no protective functions)

1. Open transition transferOpen transition transfer - follows the Generlink functionality (break-before-make operation)

2. Closed transition transferClosed transition transfer - momentary paralleling in the range of 1 to 5 seconds for uninterrupted transfer applications (make-before-break operation)

3. Parallel operation rotatingParallel operation rotating generator - GG executes parallel connection, future synchronizing

4. Parallel operation inverterParallel operation inverter generator - GG allows inverter to synchronize and execute parallel connection


Application State Diagram

No Connection Operating State

Load on DG Operating State

Paralleled DG and Utility Operating State

Load on Utility Operating State

2. Close DG Relay

1. Close Utility Relay

7. Open Utility Relay

6. Open Utility Relay

5. Open DG Relay

4. Close Utility Relay

3. Close DG Relay

8. Open DG Relay

P,QAMR

Applications 0 through 4,Monitoring & Firewall Functions

DG

Utility

L.M

Digital I/O lines (Future) for price signals, demand response, dispatching, etc5 outputs for

future load management

IO

Future governor regulator control

Microswitch for selection of preferred source

Relay

Relay

Communication interface for remote meter-reading, load control, etc

Metering Chip

Residential Load

CT

CT for DG power measurement

GUI (Utility-access only) for Configuration, setup

and Debugging

Future

Current

Gateway Functions and Features

GUI Tree


Residential Test Set up

• 200 A/240V Service and Various DG

• Residential Load Simulator

• Controllable 12kW Class D Amplifier for Simulation of utility and DG sources

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Testing and Development Activities of Meter-Base Switches for DER Applications Power Systems 2005...

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