Texas and Texas and Reconstruction, Pt. 2 Reconstruction, Pt. 2 Essential Question: Essential Question: Identify significant Identify significant individuals and events individuals and events concerning Texas and concerning Texas and Reconstruction Reconstruction Main Idea: Main Idea: In the final years of In the final years of Reconstruction, Reconstruction, Southerners were Southerners were forced to accept new forced to accept new leaders and new leaders and new political freedoms for political freedoms for African Americans. African Americans.
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Texas and Reconstruction, Pt. 2Texas and Reconstruction, Pt. 2
Essential Question:Essential Question: Identify significant Identify significant individuals and events individuals and events concerning Texas and concerning Texas and ReconstructionReconstruction
Main Idea:Main Idea: In the final years of In the final years of Reconstruction, Reconstruction, Southerners were Southerners were forced to accept new forced to accept new leaders and new leaders and new political freedoms for political freedoms for African Americans.African Americans.
Texas Elects Ex-Confederates Texas Elects Ex-Confederates to Officeto Office
Southerners elected many Southerners elected many Confederate officials and Confederate officials and soldiers to top positions in soldiers to top positions in state government and to the state government and to the U.S. Congress.U.S. Congress.
James W. Throckmorton James W. Throckmorton elected TX elected TX GovernorGovernor
The Texas legislatures The Texas legislatures refused to ratify the refused to ratify the 1313thth and 14and 14thth Amendments Amendments to the to the U.S. Constitution.U.S. Constitution.
Southern states also Southern states also restricted the rights of restricted the rights of African Americans with African Americans with “black codes”“black codes”—they were not —they were not allowed to vote, testify allowed to vote, testify against or marry whites, or against or marry whites, or serve on juries.serve on juries.
African American men who were arrested for vagrancy
due to unemploymenthttp://history.sandiego.edu/gen/civilwar/16/reconstruction1.html
Radical Republicans Take ChargeRadical Republicans Take Charge Radical Republicans Radical Republicans pushed a pushed a
plan to set stricter plan to set stricter standards for readmitting standards for readmitting Southern states to the Union Southern states to the Union and that would protect the and that would protect the freedom of African Americans freedom of African Americans in the South.in the South.
In the 1866 congressional In the 1866 congressional elections, Radical elections, Radical Republicans gained control of Republicans gained control of Congress and now had the Congress and now had the power to override a power to override a presidential veto.presidential veto.
President Johnson President Johnson fought fought against the Radical program against the Radical program and was charged with and was charged with misconduct in office. He misconduct in office. He missed being impeached by one missed being impeached by one vote.vote.
New Requirements for StatehoodNew Requirements for Statehood
In March 1867, Congress In March 1867, Congress divided the South into 5 divided the South into 5 districts. TX & LA made up districts. TX & LA made up 1 district, commanded by 1 district, commanded by Major General Philip Major General Philip SheridanSheridan.. Removed James W. Removed James W.
Throckmorton as Governor Throckmorton as Governor and appointed and appointed Elisha M. Elisha M. Pease.Pease.
Military rule continued Military rule continued until states met these until states met these requirements:requirements: Ratify the 14Ratify the 14thth Amendment Amendment Ratify the 15Ratify the 15thth Amendment Amendment Repeal the Black CodesRepeal the Black Codes Take the Take the Ironclad OathIronclad Oath
Most African Americans were Most African Americans were pleased at the plan of pleased at the plan of Reconstruction, but most Reconstruction, but most former Confederates and former Confederates and secessionists thought it too secessionists thought it too harsh.harsh.
Southern white supporters of Southern white supporters of Reconstruction were called Reconstruction were called scalawagsscalawags. Northerners who . Northerners who often came to the South for often came to the South for political and economic gain political and economic gain during this period were during this period were called called carpetbaggers.carpetbaggers.
In Texas and other Southern In Texas and other Southern states, organizations such as states, organizations such as the the Ku Klux Klan Ku Klux Klan used used violence and threats to violence and threats to prevent African Americans prevent African Americans from voting.from voting.
The “Invisible Empire of the South”
The “Invisible Empire of the South”
A New State Constitution and A New State Constitution and ElectionsElections
In November 1869 Texans In November 1869 Texans who qualified to vote who qualified to vote approved a new state approved a new state constitution and constitution and elected a governor and elected a governor and other state officials.other state officials.
The constitution The constitution provided that no one provided that no one should excluded from should excluded from voting because of race voting because of race or color.or color.
It provided more It provided more support for public support for public education, and education, and protected public lands.protected public lands.
A Radical Republican GovernorA Radical Republican Governor
Critics complained Critics complained that new that new Governor Governor Edmund J. Davis Edmund J. Davis and and the Radical the Radical Republicans used Republicans used their power to their power to restrict the restrict the political activities political activities of their opponents.of their opponents.
Davis was unpopular, Davis was unpopular, but he and the but he and the Republicans started Republicans started some good projects.some good projects.
A Democratic ChallengeA Democratic Challenge Some Democrats used Some Democrats used threats and violence threats and violence to keep African to keep African Americans from voting.Americans from voting.
In 1873 In 1873 Richard CokeRichard Coke, , a Democrat and ex-a Democrat and ex-Confederate officer, Confederate officer, was elected Governor was elected Governor by twice the number of by twice the number of votes that Davis votes that Davis received.received. Jan. 1874: sworn in as Jan. 1874: sworn in as GovernorGovernor
