Introduction to .NET Framework

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Agenda

.NET Training – Purpose

What is .NET?

Why .NET?

Advantages

Architecture

Components: CLR, CTS, CLS and IL

Assembly and Namespaces

Q & A

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.NET Training– Purpose

Sharpening the saw

Examples from On-Going Projects

Understanding ‘WHY’

Introduction to projects across the account

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What is .NET Framework?

• Software platform

• Language neutral

In other words: .NET is not a language but runtime and a library for writing and executing written programs in any compliant language.

Operating System + Hardware

.NET Framework

.NET Application

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Why .NET?

Before .NET Windows GUI development: Win32 API, MFC, Visual Basic Web development: ASP Java – “Write once, run anywhere.” Customize

Now A new framework for developing web-based and windows-based

applications within the Microsoft environment. Single unified UI framework across technologies and languages

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History of .NET

Version Version number Release date Visual Studio Distributed with

1.0 1.0.3705.0 13 February 2002 Visual Studio .NETWindows XP Tablet and Media Center Editions[5]

1.1 1.1.4322.573 24 April 2003 Visual Studio .NET 2003

Windows Server 2003

2.0 2.0.50727.42 7 November 2005 Visual Studio 2005 Windows Server 2003 R2

3.0 3.0.4506.30 6 November 2006Windows Vista, Windows Server 2008

3.5 3.5.21022.8 19 November 2007 Visual Studio 2008Windows 7, Windows Server 2008 R2

4.0 4.0.30319.1 12 April 2010 Visual Studio 2010

4.5 4.5.50709 15 August 2012 Visual Studio 2012Windows 8, Windows Server 2012

Reference: Wikipedia

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Architecture

Base Class LibraryBase Class Library

Common Language SpecificationCommon Language Specification

Common Language RuntimeCommon Language Runtime

ADO.NET: Data and XMLADO.NET: Data and XML

VBVB VC++VC++ VC#VC#

Visual Studio.NET

Visual Studio.NET

ASP.NET: Web ServicesASP.NET: Web Servicesand Web Formsand Web Forms

JScriptJScript ……

WindowsWindowsFormsForms

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.NET in action

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Common Language Runtime (CLR)

Program Execution

Garbage Collection: CLR automatically manages memory thus eliminating memory leaks. When objects are not referred GC automatically releases those memories thus providing efficient memory management.

Code Access Security: CAS grants rights to program depending on the security configuration of the machine. Example the program has rights to edit or create a new file but the security configuration of machine does not allow the program to delete a file. CAS will take care that the code runs under the environment of machines security configuration.

Code Verification :- This ensures proper code execution and type safety while the code runs. It prevents the source code to perform illegal operation such as accessing invalid memory locations etc.

IL( Intermediate language )-to-native translators and optimizer’s: CLR uses JIT and compiles the IL code to machine code and then executes. CLR also determines depending on platform what is optimized way of running the IL code.

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Common Type System (CTS)

A system with which two languages can communicate smoothly.

Example in VB you have “Integer” and in C++ you have “long” these data types are not compatible so the interfacing between them is very complicated.

In order to able that two different languages can 1. Basic .NET Framework99 communicate Microsoft introduced Common Type System. So “Integer” datatype in VB6 and “int” datatype in C++ will convert it to System.int32 which is datatype of CTS.

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Common Language Specification (CLS)

A subset of the CTS which all .NET languages are expected to support.

Helps to unite all different languages in to one umbrella.

Microsoft has defined CLS which are nothing but guidelines that language to follow so that it can communicate with other .NET languages in a seamless manner.

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Intermediate Language (IL)

Also known as MSIL (Microsoft Intermediate Language) or CIL (Common Intermediate Language).

All .NET source code is compiled to IL.

IL is then converted to machine code at the point where the software is installed, or at run-time by a Just-In-Time (JIT) compiler.

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Managed Code

Managed code is the code that runs inside the environment of CLR i.e. .NET runtime.

In short all IL are managed code. But if you are using some third party software example VB6 or VC++ component they are unmanaged code as .NET runtime (CLR) does not have control over the source code execution of the language.

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Assembly

Assembly is unit of deployment like EXE or a DLL.

An assembly consists of one or more files (dlls, exe’s, html files etc.), and represents a group of resources, type definitions, and implementations of those types.

An assembly may also contain references to other assemblies. These resources, types and references are described in a block of data called a manifest. The manifest is part of the assembly, thus making the assembly self-describing.

An assembly contains metadata information, which is used by the CLR for everything from type checking and security to actually invoking the components methods.

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Types of Assembly

Private assembly: It is normally used by a single application, and is stored in the

application's directory, or a sub-directory beneath.

Shared assembly: It is normally stored in the global assembly cache, which is a repository

of assemblies maintained by the .NET runtime.

Shared assemblies are usually libraries of code which many applications will find useful.

They are stored in Global Assembly Cache (GAC)

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Namespaces

Namespace Logically groups the types. Example: System.Web.UI logically groups our UI related features.

In Object Oriented world many times its possible that programmers will use the same class name. By qualifying Namespace with class name this collision is able to be removed.

Assembly is physical grouping of logical units. Namespace logically groups classes.

Namespace can span multiple assembly.

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.NET Framework Stack (Next Sessions)

Questions?

Thank You