Text Patterns of Text Patterns of

Exposition (I)Exposition (I)

My View on the Serious Foggy Weather All Over Our CMy View on the Serious Foggy Weather All Over Our C

ountryountry Who Should Be Responsible for the Serious Foggy WeatWho Should Be Responsible for the Serious Foggy Weat

her All Over Our Country?her All Over Our Country? Should Private Car Owners Pay Taxes for the Serious FoShould Private Car Owners Pay Taxes for the Serious Fo

ggy WeatherAll Over Our Country?ggy WeatherAll Over Our Country? One Way to Fight Against the Serious Foggy Weather AOne Way to Fight Against the Serious Foggy Weather A

ll Over Chinall Over China The Problem of the Serious Foggy Weather All Over ChiThe Problem of the Serious Foggy Weather All Over Chi

nana

General-Specific PatternGeneral-Specific Pattern

Claim-Counter-claim PatternClaim-Counter-claim Pattern

Problem-Solution PatternProblem-Solution Pattern

General ---Specific---GeneralGeneral ---Specific---General

Introduction:Introduction: introduction of topic & thesis statement introduction of topic & thesis statement

(introductory para.)(introductory para.)

Specific 1- more specific-even more specificSpecific 1- more specific-even more specific Body Body Specific 2- more specific-even more specific Specific 2- more specific-even more specific

(developmen) Specific 3-more specific-even more specific (developmen) Specific 3-more specific-even more specific

Conclusion:Conclusion: conclusion, summary conclusion, summary

(concluding para.) suggestion, determination, wish, (concluding para.) suggestion, determination, wish,

prediction, etc.prediction, etc.

The Benefits of VolunteeringThe Benefits of Volunteering 　    　    

Creating a Green CampusCreating a Green Campus

On the Importance of Self-confidenceOn the Importance of Self-confidence

Causes of Traffic AccidentsCauses of Traffic Accidents

The Benefits of the World Expo for Our CountryThe Benefits of the World Expo for Our Country

The Difficulties of College Graduates in Finding a The Difficulties of College Graduates in Finding a

Good Job Good Job

The Weaknesses of the “Strawberry The Weaknesses of the “Strawberry GenerationGeneration””

The so-called “Strawberry The so-called “Strawberry Generation” refers to those who are soft Generation” refers to those who are soft and get hurt easily. They seem unbearably and get hurt easily. They seem unbearably spoilt and can’t take much pressure. spoilt and can’t take much pressure. Besides the lack of stress management, Besides the lack of stress management, they also have some other weaknesses they also have some other weaknesses such as the lack of money management, such as the lack of money management, the lack of plan for the future and so on.the lack of plan for the future and so on.

The first is the well-known weakness---the lack of stress The first is the well-known weakness---the lack of stress management. Many statistics show that young people of tmanagement. Many statistics show that young people of the Strawberry Generation are not good at handling the prehe Strawberry Generation are not good at handling the pressure that they face. When they can not handle the stress, tssure that they face. When they can not handle the stress, they tend to be depressed or choose to end their own lives. hey tend to be depressed or choose to end their own lives. In addition, people of the Strawberry Generation lack the In addition, people of the Strawberry Generation lack the good habit of money management. They do not have the hgood habit of money management. They do not have the habit to deposit money in the bank for their future use; instabit to deposit money in the bank for their future use; instead, they spend most of it. This phenomenon creates a lonead, they spend most of it. This phenomenon creates a long-term hidden social problem of the care for the old in the g-term hidden social problem of the care for the old in the future when the strawberry Generation has aged. The thirfuture when the strawberry Generation has aged. The third weakness is the lack of plan for their future—they live od weakness is the lack of plan for their future—they live only for their own happiness and freedom while lacking a bnly for their own happiness and freedom while lacking a blueprint for their future life.lueprint for their future life.

All in all, the weaknesses of Strawberry All in all, the weaknesses of Strawberry Generation are not only the problems of thoGeneration are not only the problems of those who belong to the Strawberry Generation se who belong to the Strawberry Generation and of their families, but also the problems and of their families, but also the problems of our whole society. If these weaknesses cof our whole society. If these weaknesses can be got rid of, the Strawberry Generation an be got rid of, the Strawberry Generation will have a better individual future, and the will have a better individual future, and the crisis of the whole society can be solved.crisis of the whole society can be solved.

Problems of Writing in EnglishProblems of Writing in English

Learners of English usually find that wLearners of English usually find that writing is the most difficult skill they have triting is the most difficult skill they have to master. Even native speakers of English o master. Even native speakers of English often find it hard to write well on some suoften find it hard to write well on some subjects. bjects. It may, therefore, be helpful to analIt may, therefore, be helpful to analyze the types of error that the learners of Eyze the types of error that the learners of English usually make.nglish usually make.

Three broad types of error can be distinguished.Three broad types of error can be distinguished. The first The first type of error is the error which leads to a misunderstandintype of error is the error which leads to a misunderstanding, or even worse, to a breakdown in communication. The g, or even worse, to a breakdown in communication. The student tends to work out a sentence in his own language student tends to work out a sentence in his own language and then translate it word-by-word into English. This ofteand then translate it word-by-word into English. This often produces non-English sentence patterns. The second tyn produces non-English sentence patterns. The second type of error is that which leads to ungrammatical English., pe of error is that which leads to ungrammatical English., but does not usually interfere with the meaning. The wrobut does not usually interfere with the meaning. The wrong selection of a verb tense often comes into this categorng selection of a verb tense often comes into this category. The third type of error concerns style and usage. When y. The third type of error concerns style and usage. When a student writes “ The results of the research were terrifia student writes “ The results of the research were terrific”, he is making this type of mistake because native speac”, he is making this type of mistake because native speakers of English never use the word “terrific” in their own kers of English never use the word “terrific” in their own academic writing. Each of the three mistakes can damage academic writing. Each of the three mistakes can damage one’s composition. An English learner should always be one’s composition. An English learner should always be aware of the three mistakes when he writes in English. aware of the three mistakes when he writes in English.

The above three main categories of errThe above three main categories of errors are common and serious problems in ors are common and serious problems in many learners’ English writing. If a studemany learners’ English writing. If a student wants to write well, he must try his besnt wants to write well, he must try his best to avoid these mistakes in his essays.t to avoid these mistakes in his essays.

The Benefits of the World Expo for Our CountryThe Benefits of the World Expo for Our Country

1. Introduction1. Introduction

Thesis: The World Expo has benefited China in many Thesis: The World Expo has benefited China in many ways.ways.

2. Body2. Body

1) Promoting China’s development in science and 1) Promoting China’s development in science and technologytechnology

2) Raising China’s influence and status in the 2) Raising China’s influence and status in the international worldinternational world

3) Speeding up China’s construction of better cities3) Speeding up China’s construction of better cities

3. Conclusion3. Conclusion

The Benefits of the World Expo for Our CountryThe Benefits of the World Expo for Our Country

1. Introduction1. Introduction Thesis: The World Expo has benefited China in many waThesis: The World Expo has benefited China in many wa

ys.ys. 2. Body2. Body 1) Promoting China’s development in science and tech1) Promoting China’s development in science and tech

nology(regarded as the Olympic Games of science and tecnology(regarded as the Olympic Games of science and technology;exhibition of the advanced achievements)hnology;exhibition of the advanced achievements)

2) Raising China’s influence and status in the internati2) Raising China’s influence and status in the international world(the only developing countryto host such an eveonal world(the only developing countryto host such an event; China's competitive power)nt; China's competitive power)

3) Speeding up China’s construction of better cities(the 3) Speeding up China’s construction of better cities(the theme of the Expo)theme of the Expo)

3. Conclusion:summary; hope, prediction, etc.3. Conclusion:summary; hope, prediction, etc.

The Difficulties of College Graduates in Finding Good JobsThe Difficulties of College Graduates in Finding Good Jobs

1. Introduction1. Introduction

Thesis: College graduates will face many difficulties when finding jThesis: College graduates will face many difficulties when finding jobsobs

2. Body2. Body

1) College students have to face tough competition. 1) College students have to face tough competition.

2) Many jobs require high quality graduates. 2) Many jobs require high quality graduates.

3) Most college graduates lack practical experience3) Most college graduates lack practical experience

4) Some students have too many expectations about their jobs 4) Some students have too many expectations about their jobs 3. Conclusion3. Conclusion

Faced with so many difficulties in finding jobs, college students sFaced with so many difficulties in finding jobs, college students should try to improve themselves in every aspect since they enter unihould try to improve themselves in every aspect since they enter university. And our government should also try some means to provide versity. And our government should also try some means to provide more job chances for students. Only in this way can the problem be more job chances for students. Only in this way can the problem be solved quickly.solved quickly.

My View on China's UrbanizationMy View on China's Urbanization 1. Introduction 1. Introduction

China's urbanization is a double edged sword.China's urbanization is a double edged sword.

2. Body2. Body

advantages:advantages:

1) Promoting China’s agriculture modernization1) Promoting China’s agriculture modernization

2) Raising Chinese people's living standards 2) Raising Chinese people's living standards

disadvantages:disadvantages:

1) Causing possible crisis of food supply1) Causing possible crisis of food supply

2) Leading to many social problems2) Leading to many social problems

3. Conclusion3. Conclusion

Claim-Counter-ClaimClaim-Counter-Claim

Introduction:Introduction: topic---claim & reasons---counter-c topic---claim & reasons---counter-claim and reasons ---thesis and reasons laim and reasons ---thesis and reasons

Specific 1- more specificsSpecific 1- more specifics Body (Body (topic sentence) Specific 2- more specificstopic sentence) Specific 2- more specifics

(general-specific) Specific 3-more specifics (general-specific) Specific 3-more specifics

Conclusion:Conclusion: Restatement of thesis, summary or Restatement of thesis, summary or

conclusion; suggestion, hope, etc.conclusion; suggestion, hope, etc.

Claim-Counter-ClaimClaim-Counter-Claim

Introduction:Introduction: topic---claim & reasons---counter-c topic---claim & reasons---counter-claim and reasons ---thesis and reasons laim and reasons ---thesis and reasons

Specific 1- more specificsSpecific 1- more specifics Body (Body (topic sentence) Specific 2- more specificstopic sentence) Specific 2- more specifics

(general-specific) Specific 3-more specifics (general-specific) Specific 3-more specifics

Conclusion:Conclusion: Restatement of thesis, summary or Restatement of thesis, summary or

conclusion; suggestion, hope, etc.conclusion; suggestion, hope, etc.

Will Tourism Bring Harm to the Environment?Will Tourism Bring Harm to the Environment?

Should Parents Send Their Kids to Art Classes?Should Parents Send Their Kids to Art Classes?

Should College Students Hire Cleaners to DoShould College Students Hire Cleaners to Do

Cleaning for Them?Cleaning for Them?

Is It Good for College Students to Make Friends Is It Good for College Students to Make Friends

Online?Online?

Should Private Cars Be Limited in China?Should Private Cars Be Limited in China?

Should Famous Sites of Historical Interest Should Famous Sites of Historical Interest

Charge Tourists Hiagh Entry Fees?Charge Tourists Hiagh Entry Fees?

Will Tourism Bring Harm to the Environment?Will Tourism Bring Harm to the Environment? In recent years, tourism has developed rapidIn recent years, tourism has developed rapid

ly in China. Many people believe that tourism proly in China. Many people believe that tourism produce positive effects on economic growth and we duce positive effects on economic growth and we should try our best to promote tourism. But what tshould try our best to promote tourism. But what these people fail to see is that tourism may bring ahese people fail to see is that tourism may bring about a disastrous impact on our environment. As fbout a disastrous impact on our environment. As for me, I'm firmly convinced that too much tourisor me, I'm firmly convinced that too much tourism can bring harm to the environment.m can bring harm to the environment.

The bad impact of tourism on the environment has mainly expresThe bad impact of tourism on the environment has mainly expressed itself in various ways. First, tourism will destroy our ecological sed itself in various ways. First, tourism will destroy our ecological balance. In order to attract as many tourists as possible, local goverbalance. In order to attract as many tourists as possible, local government has to cut down many trees to build such artificial facilities anment has to cut down many trees to build such artificial facilities as hotels and temples, or to explore the beauty of the mountain, whics hotels and temples, or to explore the beauty of the mountain, which is the cause of many landslides and mud-rock flows. Some touristh is the cause of many landslides and mud-rock flows. Some tourists love to kill the local wildlife to eat, which also badly damages the s love to kill the local wildlife to eat, which also badly damages the balance of the natural environment. Secondly, tourism produces too balance of the natural environment. Secondly, tourism produces too much pollution. Many people like to travel with their private cars. much pollution. Many people like to travel with their private cars. With so many cars coming to the same place at the same time, traffiWith so many cars coming to the same place at the same time, traffic jam and air pollution can not be avoided. Also, tourists usually likc jam and air pollution can not be avoided. Also, tourists usually like to take with them a lot of food to eat and drink in the scenic spot. e to take with them a lot of food to eat and drink in the scenic spot. They throw away rubbish here and there, which can cause the accuThey throw away rubbish here and there, which can cause the accumulation of garbage in the scenic spot. What’s worse, some low qumulation of garbage in the scenic spot. What’s worse, some low quality people even write their names or draw pictures on the trees anality people even write their names or draw pictures on the trees and stones of the scenic spots, and by and by make the beautiful placed stones of the scenic spots, and by and by make the beautiful places terrible.s terrible.

It is wrong to sacrifice the environment for the It is wrong to sacrifice the environment for the growth of tourism. We must keep in mind that too growth of tourism. We must keep in mind that too many tourists bring harm to the environment. We many tourists bring harm to the environment. We need to find a balance between satisfying the needneed to find a balance between satisfying the needs of tourists and reducing to a minimum the pollutis of tourists and reducing to a minimum the pollution and damage of the natural environment they mon and damage of the natural environment they may cause.ay cause.

Will Tourism Bring Harm to the EnvirWill Tourism Bring Harm to the Environment?onment?

In recent years, more and more people choose In recent years, more and more people choose to spend their holidays by traveling. Some people to spend their holidays by traveling. Some people begin to worry that too much tourism will destroy begin to worry that too much tourism will destroy our living environment and suggest that we should our living environment and suggest that we should do something to limit it. I don’t think so. I believe do something to limit it. I don’t think so. I believe that tourism can contribute to the beautification of that tourism can contribute to the beautification of our environment in some agree.our environment in some agree.

First, tourism promotes the protection of the environmFirst, tourism promotes the protection of the environment in the scenic spots. Once a place is regarded as a tourisent in the scenic spots. Once a place is regarded as a tourist resort, it will receive greater attention from the governmt resort, it will receive greater attention from the government. The government will take many measures to beautify ent. The government will take many measures to beautify the environment there, to build dams, to plant trees and flthe environment there, to build dams, to plant trees and flowers, to preserve water resources, to protect the wildlife, owers, to preserve water resources, to protect the wildlife, etc, which is beneficial to the ecological balance in the sceetc, which is beneficial to the ecological balance in the scenic spots.nic spots.

Secondly, tourism will raise people’s awareness of envSecondly, tourism will raise people’s awareness of environmental protection. Tourism helps to purify people’s mironmental protection. Tourism helps to purify people’s mind. When visiting the beautiful place, seeing the clean enind. When visiting the beautiful place, seeing the clean environment, admiring the wonderful nature, people will reavironment, admiring the wonderful nature, people will realize how important a clean world is. They will develop the lize how important a clean world is. They will develop the feeling of protecting the environment around them. feeling of protecting the environment around them.

It is obvious that tourism is beneficial to the protIt is obvious that tourism is beneficial to the protection of our environment instead of doing harm tection of our environment instead of doing harm to it. I believe that with the rapid development of too it. I believe that with the rapid development of tourism in China, our country will become more and urism in China, our country will become more and more beautiful.more beautiful.

Will E-dictionaries Kill Printed Dictionaries? Will E-dictionaries Kill Printed Dictionaries?

Will Electronic Dictionaries Kill Printed Dictionaries?Will Electronic Dictionaries Kill Printed Dictionaries?

1. Introduction1. Introduction

Thesis: Electronic dictionaries will never replace printed dictThesis: Electronic dictionaries will never replace printed dictionaries for the following reasons.ionaries for the following reasons.

2. Body2. Body

1) Printed dictionaries can provide people more accurate an1) Printed dictionaries can provide people more accurate and specific information. d specific information.

2) Using printed dictionaries will leave readers a deep impr2) Using printed dictionaries will leave readers a deep impression. ession.

3) Printed dictionaries can be stored or kept in a library or p3) Printed dictionaries can be stored or kept in a library or people’s private bookshelf. eople’s private bookshelf.

4) Printed dictionaries are much cheaper 4) Printed dictionaries are much cheaper

3. Conclusion3. Conclusion

Will Electronic Dictionaries Kill Printed Dictionaries?Will Electronic Dictionaries Kill Printed Dictionaries?1. Introduction1. Introduction

Thesis: Electronic dictionaries will never replace printed dictionaries Thesis: Electronic dictionaries will never replace printed dictionaries for the following reasons.for the following reasons.

2. Body2. Body

1) Printed dictionaries can provide people more accurate and specific 1) Printed dictionaries can provide people more accurate and specific information. (compiled by scholars and experts; information more information. (compiled by scholars and experts; information more scientific; besides the meaning of words, related specific information, scientific; besides the meaning of words, related specific information, such as synonyms, collocations, examples can be found ) such as synonyms, collocations, examples can be found )

2) Using printed dictionaries will leave readers a deep impression. 2) Using printed dictionaries will leave readers a deep impression.

( Using p-dictionaries may take people a long time, but in the slow ( Using p-dictionaries may take people a long time, but in the slow process of searching information, people can have a deep impression. process of searching information, people can have a deep impression. Using e-dictionaries can be fast, but when the screen is shut off the Using e-dictionaries can be fast, but when the screen is shut off the information will disappear from our mind quickly.)information will disappear from our mind quickly.)

3) Printed dictionaries can be stored or kept in 3) Printed dictionaries can be stored or kept in a library or people’s private bookshelf. a library or people’s private bookshelf.

( Used by many people, and can be passed ( Used by many people, and can be passed down so that the later generation can learn down so that the later generation can learn something about the culture history in our something about the culture history in our time. Information in e-dictionary is renewing time. Information in e-dictionary is renewing fast and is not beneficial to the preserving of fast and is not beneficial to the preserving of human civilization.) human civilization.)

4) Printed dictionaries are much cheaper 4) Printed dictionaries are much cheaper (For most students who use dictionaries (For most students who use dictionaries

quite often, p-dictionaries are their preference quite often, p-dictionaries are their preference or best choice). or best choice).

3. Conclusion3. Conclusion

Will Electronic Dictionaries Kill Printed Dictionaries?Will Electronic Dictionaries Kill Printed Dictionaries?1. Introduction1. Introduction

Thesis:Thesis: Electronic dictionaries will kill printed Electronic dictionaries will kill printed dictionaries for the following reasons. dictionaries for the following reasons.

2. Body2. Body

1) Electronic dictionaries are convenient to use.1) Electronic dictionaries are convenient to use.

2) Electronic dictionaries are rich in content. / An E-2) Electronic dictionaries are rich in content. / An E-dictionaries has a large capacity. dictionaries has a large capacity.

3) Electronic dictionaries can save us a lot of time, and 3) Electronic dictionaries can save us a lot of time, and make learning more efficient. make learning more efficient.

4) Electronic dictionaries are multi-functional. 4) Electronic dictionaries are multi-functional.

3. Conclusion3. Conclusion

1.Should Private Car Owners Pay Taxes for The Seri1.Should Private Car Owners Pay Taxes for The Serious Air Pollution?ous Air Pollution?

2. Is it Good for College Graduates to Hop from Job 2. Is it Good for College Graduates to Hop from Job

to Job?to Job?

3. Is It Good to Require Passengers to Use Their Rea3. Is It Good to Require Passengers to Use Their Rea

l Names in Buying Train Tickets?l Names in Buying Train Tickets?