Text Types (Genre)

8/6/2019 Text Types (Genre)

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To retell events for the purpose of informing or entertaining Generic

Structure

Orientation

Event 1

Event 2

Event 3

Reorientation

Earthquake

I was driving along the coast road when the carsuddenly lurched to one side.

At first I thought a tyre had gone but then Isaw telegraph poles collapsing like matchsticks.

The rock came tumbling across the road and Ihad to abandon the car.

When I got back to town, well, as I said, there wasn·t much left.

It was really a frightening experience.Significant Lexicogrammatical Features:� Focus on Specific Participants � Use of Material Processes � Circumstance of time and place

� Use of past tense� Focus on Temporal Sequence



To retell an event with a humorous twist To retell an event with a humorous twist

GenericGenericStructureStructure

OrientationOrientation

Event 1Event 1

Event 2 Event 2

TwistTwist

Penguin in the parkPenguin in the parkOnce Once a mana man was walking was walking in a parkin a park when he camewhen he cameacross across a penguin.a penguin.

HeHe tooktook him him to a policemanto a policeman and said, ¶and said, ¶II have justhave justfound found this penguinthis penguin. W

hat should . What should II do do ?·?· TheThe policemanpolicemanreplied, ·replied, ·TakeTake him him to the zoo to the zoo.·.·

The next dayThe next day the policemanthe policeman saw saw the same manthe same man in thein thesame park

same park and and the manthe man was was still still carrying carrying the penguinthe penguinwith him with him.. The policemanThe policeman was rather surprised and was rather surprised and wal

ked walked upup to the manto the man and asked, ·Whyand asked, ·Why areare youyou still still carrying carrying that penguinthat penguin about? Didn·tabout? Didn·t youyou taketake itit to to the zoo the zoo?· ¶?· ¶II certainly did,· replied certainly did,· replied the manthe man

¶and it was a great idea because¶and it was a great idea because hehe really enjoyed really enjoyed itit,,

so so todaytoday I·I·m m taking taking him him to the movies to the movies!·!·

Significant Lexicogrammatical Features:Significant Lexicogrammatical Features:

Focus on Focus on Individual Participants Individual Participants

Use of Use of Material Processes Material Processes

Circumstance of time Circumstance of time andand place place Use of past tense Use of past tense



To describe a particular person, place or thing To describe a particular person, place or thing

IdentificationIdentification

DescriptionDescription

Natural Bridge National ParkNatural Bridge National Park

Natural Bridge National ParkNatural Bridge National Park is is luscious luscious tropical rainforest.tropical rainforest.ItIt is located is located 110 kilometers south of Brisbane and is reached 110 kilometers south of Brisbane and is reached by following by following the Pacific Highwaythe Pacific Highway to Nerang and then byto Nerang and then bytravelling throughtravelling through the Numimbah Valleythe Numimbah Valley.. This scenic roadwayThis scenic roadwaylies lies in the shadow ofin the shadow of the Lamington National Park.the Lamington National Park.

The phenomenon of the rock formed into a natural ¶arch· and The phenomenon of the rock formed into a natural ¶arch· and the cave through which a waterfall cascades the cave through which a waterfall cascades is is a short onea short one--kilometer walk below akilometer walk below a densedense rainforest canopy from rainforest canopy from the mainthe mainpicnic area.picnic area. Swimming is permitted inSwimming is permitted in the rock pools the rock pools .. NightNight--time visitors to the cavetime visitors to the cave will discover thewill discover the uniqueunique feature offeature ofthe glow worms the glow worms ..

Picnic areas Picnic areas offeroffer toilets, barbeque, shelter sheds, watertoilets, barbeque, shelter sheds, water and and fireplaces fireplaces ; however, overnight camping is not permitted.; however, overnight camping is not permitted.

Significant Lexicogrammatical Features:Significant Lexicogrammatical Features: Focus onFocus on Specific Participants Specific Participants Use ofUse of AttributiveAttributive and and Identifying Processes Identifying Processes .. Frequent use ofFrequent use of epithets epithets && classifiers classifiers in nominal groups.in nominal groups. Use of simple present tenseUse of simple present tense



To describe the way things are, with reference to a range of natural,To describe the way things are, with reference to a range of natural,man man- -made and social phenomena in our environment made and social phenomena in our environment

GenericGenericStructureStructure

General General ClassificationClassification

DescriptionDescription�� Parts Parts

�� Qualities Qualities �� Habits orHabits orbehaviors behaviors (if living);(if living);

�� Uses (ifUses (ifnonnon--natural)natural)

Whales Whales Whales Whales are are sea sea- -living mammals living mammals ..TheyThey therefore breathe air but cannot survive on therefore breathe air but cannot survive on land.land. Some species Some species are are very large indeed andvery large indeed and the the blue whale,blue whale, which which can exceedcan exceed 30m in length 30m in length,, is is the the

largest animal to have lived on earth.largest animal to have lived on earth.Superficially,Superficially, the whale the whale looks looks rather like a fish,rather like a fish,but there are important differences in its but there are important differences in its external structure;external structure; its tail its tail consists consists of a pair of of a pair of broad, flat horizontal paddles (broad, flat horizontal paddles (the tail of a fish the tail of a fish is is vertical) andvertical) and it it has has single nostril on top of its single nostril on top of its large, broad head.large, broad head. The skin The skin is is smooth and shinysmooth and shinyand beneath it and beneath it lies lies a layer of fat a layer of fat (blubber).(blubber). This This is is up to 30cm in thickness and serves to conserve up to 30cm in thickness and serves to conserve heat and body fluids.heat and body fluids.

Significant Grammatical Features:Significant Grammatical Features:�� Focus onFocus on Generic participants Generic participants �� Use ofUse of Relational Processes Relational Processes to state what is and that which it is to state what is and that which it is

�� Use ofUse of simple present tensesimple present tense�� No temporal sequenceNo temporal sequence



To amuse, entertain and to deal with actual or vicarious experience in different ways; Narratives deal with To amuse, entertain and to deal with actual or vicarious experience in different ways; Narratives deal with problematic events which lead to a crisis or turning point of some kind, which in turn finds a resolution.problematic events which lead to a crisis or turning point of some kind, which in turn finds a resolution.

OrientationOrientation

MajorMajorComplicationComplication

ResolutionResolution

ComplicationComplicationResolutionResolution

ComplicationComplication

MajorMajorresolutionresolution

Snow WhiteSnow WhiteOnce upon a timeOnce upon a time therethere lived lived a little girl named Snow Whitea little girl named Snow White.. SheShe lived lived withwithher Aunt and Uncleher Aunt and Uncle becausebecause her parents her parents werewere dead dead ..

One dayOne day sheshe heard heard her Uncle and Aunther Uncle and Aunt talking talking about leaving about leaving Snow WhiteSnow White ininthe castle becausethe castle because theythey bothboth wanted wanted to go to go to to America and America and they didn·t havethey didn·t haveenough money to takeenough money to take Snow WhiteSnow White..

Snow WhiteSnow White did not wantdid not want her Uncle and Aunther Uncle and Aunt to do to do this so this so sheshe decided decided ititwould bewould be best ifbest if sheshe ran awayran away.. The next morning The next morning sheshe ran awayran away from homefrom homewhenwhen her Aunt and Uncleher Aunt and Uncle werewere having having breakfastbreakfast.. SheShe ran awayran away into theinto the

woods.woods.SheShe was was very tired and hungry.very tired and hungry.

ThenThen sheshe saw saw this little cottagethis little cottage.. SheShe knocked knocked but no onebut no one answered answered so so sheshewent insidewent inside and and fell asleepfell asleep..

MeanwhileMeanwhile,, the seven dwarfs the seven dwarfs were coming were coming home from work.home from work. TheyThey wentwent inside.inside.ThereThere theythey found found Snow WhiteSnow White sleeping sleeping .. ThenThen Snow WhiteSnow White woke upwoke up.. SheShe saw saw the dwarfs the dwarfs .. The dwarfs The dwarfs said said , ¶What, ¶What is is your name?·your name?· Snow WhiteSnow White said said , ¶My, ¶Mynamename is is Snow WhiteSnow White.·.·

DocDoc said said , ¶if you, ¶if you wishwish,, youyou may livemay live here with us·.here with us·. Snow WhiteSnow White said said , ¶Oh,, ¶Oh,could could II? Thank you.·? Thank you.· ThenThen Snow WhiteSnow White told told the dwarfs the whole storythe dwarfs the whole story and and Snow WhiteSnow White and and the seven dwarfs the seven dwarfs lived lived happily ever after.happily ever after.

Significant Lexicogrammatical Features:Significant Lexicogrammatical Features: Focus onFocus on specificspecific and and usuallyusually individualized Participants individualized Participants .. Use ofUse of Material Processes (or Behavioral and Verbal Processes).Material Processes (or Behavioral and Verbal Processes). Use ofUse of Relational Processes Relational Processes and and Mental Processes Mental Processes .. Use ofUse of temporal conjunctiontemporal conjunction and and temporal circumstances temporal circumstances.. Use of past tenseUse of past tense



S ocial Function:S ocial Function:To persuade the reader or listener that something is the case To persuade the reader or listener that something is the case

Thesis:Thesis:PositionPosition

Argument 1Argument 1 P ointP oint

ElaborationElaboration

Argument 2 Argument 2 P ointP oint


Argument 3 Argument 3 P ointP oint


ConclusionConclusion

In Australia thereIn Australia there areare three levels of government, thethree levels of government, the federal federal government, state government government, state government and and local governmentlocal government.. All ofAll of

these levels of governmentthese levels of government areare necessary. This necessary. This is is so so forfor aanumber of reasons.number of reasons.

FirstFirst,, the federal governmentthe federal government is is necessarynecessary for the big things.for the big things.

TheyThey keepkeep the economythe economy in order and look after things likein order and look after things likedefensedefense..

SimilarlySimilarly,, the state governmentthe state government look afterlook after the middle sized the middle sized

th

ings.things.For exampleFor example theythey look afterlook after law and orderlaw and order, preventing things , preventing things

likelike vandalism in school.vandalism in school.

FinallyFinally,, local governmentlocal government look afterlook after the small things the small things ..

TheyThey look after things likelook after things like collecting rubbish,collecting rubbish, otherwiseotherwiseeveryoneeveryone would havewould have diseases diseases ..

Thus Thus,, for the reasons for the reasons aboveabove wewe can conclude thatcan conclude that the threethe three

levels of governmentlevels of government areare necessary.necessary.

Significant Grammatical Features:Significant Grammatical Features: Focus onFocus on generic human generic human oror nonnon--human Participants human Participants Use of simple present tenseUse of simple present tense Use ofUse of Relational Processes Relational Processes Use of internal conjunction to stage argumentUse of internal conjunction to stage argument Reasoning throughReasoning through Causal ConjunctionCausal Conjunction oror nominalizationnominalization



S ocial Function:S ocial Function:To explain the processes involved in the formation or workings of natural or socio To explain the processes involved in the formation or workings of natural or socio- -cultural cultural phenomena phenomena

Genera l Genera l

Sta te m en t to Sta te m en t to positio n the p ositio n the w r iter w r iter

Exp l ana tio n Exp l ana tio n



A Br ie f Summ ar y of S pee ch Pr oductio n A Br ie f Summ ar y of S pee ch Pr oductio n

Spee ch pr oductio n Spee ch pr oductio n is m ade is m ade p ossibl e by the s pe cia lized p ossibl e by the s pe cia lized mov e m en ts of our voca l o rgan s tha t genera te s pee ch sounds mov e m en ts of our voca l o rgan s tha t genera te s pee ch sounds w ave s.w ave s.

Like a ll Like a ll sound pr o ductio n sound pr o ductio n ,, s pee ch pr o ductio n s pee ch pr o ductio n req uire s req uire s a sour ce a sour ce ofof energyenergy. The sour ce of energy fo r s pee ch pr o ductio n . The sour ce of energy fo r s pee ch pr o ductio n is is the the steady strea m of a ir tha t com e s fr om the lungs a s w e ex ha l e .steady strea m of a ir tha t com e s fr om the lungs a s w e ex ha l e .When When w e b rea the n o r m a lly,w e b rea the n o r m a lly, the a ir strea m the a ir strea m is is ina udibl e . To ina udibl e . To

b e ca m e a udibl e ,b e ca m e a udibl e , the the a ir strea m a ir strea m must v ib ra te must v ib ra te rap idly.rap idly. The The v oca l co rds v oca l co rds ca us e ca us e the a ir strea m the a ir strea m to v ib ra te to v ib ra te ..

As w e ta lk,As w e ta lk, the v oca ls co rdthe v oca ls co rd o pen o pen and and clos e clos e rap idly,rap idly, cho pp ing cho pp ing u p u p the steady a ir strea m the steady a ir strea m o n to a s er ie s of p uffs. The s e p uffs o n to a s er ie s of p uffs. The s e p uffs are heard a s a buzz. But this buzzare heard a s a buzz. But this buzz is is still n otstill n ot s pee ch.s pee ch.

To pr o duce To pr o duce s pee ch sounds, the v oca l tra cts pee ch sounds, the v oca l tra ct must change must change

shape .shape . Dur ingDur ing s pee chs pee ch w e co n tin ua llyw e co n tin ua lly a lter a lter the shape of the the shape of the v oca l tra ct b yv oca l tra ct by mo v ingmo v ing the to ngue the to ngue and and li p s li p s , e tc. The s e , e tc. The s e mo ve m en t change mo ve m en t change the a coustic pr o per tie s of the v oca l tra ctthe a coustic pr o per tie s of the v oca l tra ct,,which in turn which in turn pr o duce pr o duce the differen t sound of s pee chthe differen t sound of s pee ch

S ignificant Grammatical Features:S ignificant Grammatical Features:�� Focus o n Focus o n gener ic, n o n gener ic, n o n --hum an Par tici pan ts hum an Par tici pan ts �� Us e m a in ly ofUs e m a in ly of M a ter ia M a ter ia l and l and R e l a tio na l Pr oce ss e s R e l a tio na l Pr oce ss e s �� Us e m a in ly ofUs e m a in ly of te m p o ra l te m p o ra l and and ca sua l Cir cumstan ce ca sua l Cir cumstan ce and and co njun ctio n s co njun ctio n s

�� Us e of sim p l e pre s en t ten s e Us e of sim p l e pre s en t ten s e �� S om e us e of Pa ssive Voice to ge t The m e r ightS om e us e of Pa ssive Voice to ge t The m e r ight



S ocial Function:S ocial Function:To present (at last) two point of view about an issue To present (at last) two point of view about an issue

I ssue I ssue

Ar gum en t fo r Ar gum en t fo r P oin tP oin tE l a bo ra tio n E l a bo ra tio n

P oin tP oin tE l a bo ra tio n E l a bo ra tio n

Ar gum en tAr gum en t

Ag a in stAg a in stP oin tP oin tE l a bo ra tio n E l a bo ra tio n

C o nc lusio n C o nc lusio n

Gene Splic in g Gene Splic in g Gene tic re s earc hGene tic re s earc h ha s pr o duced both e xc itin g and fr ighten in g possibilitie s.ha s pr o duced both e xc itin g and fr ighten in g possibilitie s.Sc ien tists Sc ien tists are are n ow n ow a bl e to crea te a bl e to crea te new fo r ms of life new fo r ms of life in the in the l a bo ra to r yl a bo ra to r y due to due to the the

deve lopm en t ofdeve lopm en t of g ene splic in g g ene splic in g ..O ne of the handOne of the hand, the a bility to crea te , the a bility to crea te life life in the l a bo ra to r yin the l a bo ra to r y c oul dc oul d g rea tly g rea tlyb enef itb enef it m an kindm an kind..Fo r e xa mpl e ,Fo r e xa mpl e , b eca us e b eca us e itit is is ver y e xpen sive to obta in ver y e xpen sive to obta in in sulin in sulin fr om fr om na tura l source s na tura l source s ,,s c ien tists s c ien tists have deve lopedhave deve loped a m e tho d to m an ufac ture it in e xpen sive ly in the a m e tho d to m an ufac ture it in e xpen sive ly in the l a bo ra to r y.l a bo ra to r y.An other b enef ic ia l a pplica tio n o f An other b enef ic ia l a pplica tio n o f g ene splic in g g ene splic in g is is in in a g r ic ulture a g r ic ulture Sc ien tists Sc ien tists f o re s ee the da y when f o re s ee the da y when new pl an ts new pl an ts will b e deve loped usin g n itr og en fr om will b e deve loped usin g n itr og en fr om

the a ir in stead o f fr om fer tilizer .the a ir in stead o f fr om fer tilizer . Theref o re Theref o re f oo d pr o duc tio n f oo d pr o duc tio n c oul d b e c oul d b e increa s edincrea s ed. in additio n , en tire ly. in additio n , en tire ly new pl an ts new pl an ts c oul d b e deve loped to feedc oul d b e deve loped to feed the the wo r l d·s hun g r y pe opl e .wo r l d·s hun g r y pe opl e .NotNot ever yo ne ever yo ne is is e xc ited a boute xc ited a bout g ene splic in g g ene splic in g ,, ho wever ho wever .. Som e pe opl e Som e pe opl e fee l fee l tha t ittha t itc oul d have c oul d have terr ibl e c o n s e quence s.terr ibl e c o n s e quence s.A l a bo ra to r y acc iden t, f o r e xa mpl e , mightA l a bo ra to r y acc iden t, f o r e xa mpl e , might ca us e ca us e an e pide mic an e pide mic o f an un kn o wn tha to f an un kn o wn tha tc oul d wipe outc oul d wipe out hum an ityhum an ity..As a re sult o f this c o n tr o ver syAs a re sult o f this c o n tr o ver sy,, the go vern m en tthe go vern m en t ha s m ade r ul e s to c o n tr ol ha s m ade r ul e s to c o n tr ol

g ene tic e xper im en t g ene tic e xper im en t.. Whil e Whil e som e m e mb er s o f the s c ien tif ic c ommun itysom e m e mb er s o f the s c ien tif ic c ommun ity fee l fee l tha ttha tthe s e r ul e s the s e r ul e s are are too str ic t,too str ic t, m an y other m an y other pe opl e pe opl e fee l fee l tha t the ytha t the y are are still n ot str ic tstill n ot str ic ten oughen ough

S ignificant Grammatical Features:S ignificant Grammatical Features:Fo c us o n Fo c us o n g ener ic hum an g ener ic hum an and and g ener ic n o n g ener ic n o n --hum an Par tic ipan ts hum an Par tic ipan ts Us e o f Us e o f - - M a ter ia l Pr o ce ss e s:M a ter ia l Pr o ce ss e s: e .g. ha s pr o duced, have deve loped, to feede .g. ha s pr o duced, have deve loped, to feed- - R e l a tio na l Pr o ce ss e s:R e l a tio na l Pr o ce ss e s: e .g. is, c oul d have , ca us e , are e .g. is, c oul d have , ca us e , are - -

M en ta l Pr o ce ss e s:M en ta l Pr o ce ss e s: e .g. fee l e .g. fee l Us e o f Us e o f C ompara tive: c o n tra stive C ompara tive: c o n tra stive and and C o n s e quen tia l c o n junc tio n C o n s e quen tia l c o n junc tio n R ea so n in g e xpre ss ed a s ver bs and n oun (R ea so n in g e xpre ss ed a s ver bs and n oun (a bstrac tio n a bstrac tio n ))



S ocial Function:S ocial Function:To describe how something is accomplished through a sequence of actions or To describe how something is accomplished through a sequence of actions or steps steps

M a ter ia ls M a ter ia ls nee d e d nee d e d

S tep s 1S tep s 1--n n

11

2 2

3 3

44

55

66

The Hol e Game The Hol e Game two p l a yer s two p l a yer s

one marbl e per per s on one marbl e per per s on a hol e in groun d a hol e in groun d a line (distan ce ) to star t froma line (distan ce ) to star t from

Fir stFir st youyou must dubmust dub ((clickclick marbl e toge ther )marbl e toge ther )Then Then youyou must che ckmust che ck tha t the marbl e are in good con dition tha t the marbl e are in good con dition

an d are near ly wor th the s ame va lue .an d are near ly wor th the s ame va lue .

Ne xtNe xt youyou must digmust dig a hol e in the groun d an d a hol e in the groun d an d d rawd raw a line a fa ir a line a fa ir distan ce awa y from the hol e .distan ce awa y from the hol e .

The fir st p l a yer The fir st p l a yer care fullycare fully throws throws his or her marbl e towar ds his or her marbl e towar ds the hol e .the hol e .

Then Then the s e con d p l a yer the s e con d p l a yer tr ie s to throwtr ie s to throw his or her marbl e his or her marbl e cl os er to the hol e than cl os er to the hol e than his his or or her her opponen t.opponen t.

The p l a yer The p l a yer whos e marbl e is cl os e st to the hol e whos e marbl e is cl os e st to the hol e tr ie s to flicktr ie s to flickhis or her marbl e in to the hol e . If succe ssful,his or her marbl e in to the hol e . If succe ssful, this p l a yer this p l a yer tr ie s tr ie s to flickto flick his or her opponen t·s marbl e in to the hol e .his or her opponen t·s marbl e in to the hol e .

The per s on flicking the l a st marbl e in to the hol e The per s on flicking the l a st marbl e in to the hol e win s win s an d an d ge ts ge ts toto keep keep both marbl e .both marbl e .

S ignificant Lexicogrammatical Features:S ignificant Lexicogrammatical Features:�� Focus on Focus on genera lize d human agen ts genera lize d human agen ts �� Us e of simp l e pre s en t ten s e , often impera tive Us e of simp l e pre s en t ten s e , often impera tive �� Us e ma in ly ofUs e ma in ly of tempora l conjun ction s tempora l conjun ction s (or (or n umber ingn umber ing to in dica te s e quen ce )to in dica te s e quen ce )�� Us e ma in ly ofUs e ma in ly of M a ter ia l Proce ss e s M a ter ia l Proce ss e s



To persuade the reader or listener that something should or should not be the case.To persuade the reader or listener that something should or should not be the case.

The sis The sis



R ec om R ec om--m en d a tio n m en d a tio n

Coun tr y Co ncern Coun tr y Co ncern In all the dis c ussio n o ver the re mo val of lea d fr o pe tr o l In all the dis c ussio n o ver the re mo val of lea d fr o pe tr o l

(an d the a tmosphere ) there (an d the a tmosphere ) there do e s n· t s ee m to have b een do e s n· t s ee m to have b een an yan ym en tio n of the difference b e tween d r iv in g in the c ity an d m en tio n of the difference b e tween d r iv in g in the c ity an d the c oun tr y.the c oun tr y.While IWhile I realize realize my lea d e d pe tr o l car my lea d e d pe tr o l car is po llutin g is po llutin g the a ir the a ir wherever Iwherever I d r ive d r ive , I, I feelfeel tha t when tha t when youyou traveltravel thr ough the thr ough the c oun tr y, where c oun tr y, where youyou o nly s ee o nly s ee an other car an other car ever y five to ten ever y five to ten min ute s,min ute s, the pr ob le m the pr ob le m is is n ot a s s evere a s when n ot a s s evere a s when tra ffic tra ffic is is c o ncen tra te d o n c o ncen tra te d o n c ity r o a ds c ity r o a ds ..Thos e Thos e who wan t to penalize o ld er , lea d e d pe tr o l ve hicle s who wan t to penalize o ld er , lea d e d pe tr o l ve hicle s an d an d the ir o wner s the ir o wner s do n· t s ee m to a pprec ia te do n· t s ee m to a pprec ia te tha t, in the tha t, in the c oun tr y, there c oun tr y, there is is n o pub lic tran spo r tn o pub lic tran spo r t to fall b ac k upo n an d to fall b ac k upo n an d o ne· s o wn ve hicle o ne· s o wn ve hicle is is the o nly wa y to g e t a bout.the o nly wa y to g e t a bout.II feelfeel tha ttha t c oun tr y pe ople c oun tr y pe ople ,, who often who often have to travelhave to travel hug e hug e distance s to the neare st to wn an d who alrea dydistance s to the neare st to wn an d who alrea dy spen d spen d a a g rea t d eal of mo ne y o n pe tr o l, g rea t d eal of mo ne y o n pe tr o l, should b e trea te d should b e trea te d differen tly to differen tly to the pe ople who life in the c itythe pe ople who life in the c ity..

Sig n ifican t Le xic og ra mm a tical Fea ture s:Sig n ifican t Le xic og ra mm a tical Fea ture s: Focus onFocus on generic humangeneric human andand nonnon--human Participants human Participants ,, except for speaker or writerexcept for speaker or writerreferring to selfreferring to self Use ofUse of

-- Mental Processes : to state what writer thinks or feels ab out issueMental Processes: to state what writer thinks or feels ab out issuee.g. realize, feel, appreciatee.g. realize, feel, appreciate

-- Material Processes: to state what happensMaterial Processes: to state what happense.g. is polluting, drive, travel, spend, should be treatede.g. is polluting, drive, travel, spend, should be treated

-- Relational Processes: to state what is or should beRelational Processes: to state what is or should be

e.g. doesn· t seem to have been,e.g. doesn· t seem to have been, isis-- Use of simple present tenseUse of simple present tense



S o c ia l Func tio n:S o c ia l Func tio n:To share with other s an acc oun t o f an un usua l o r a musin g inc id en tTo share with other s an acc oun t o f an un usua l o r a musin g inc id en t

Abstrac tAbstrac t

O r ien ta tio n O r ien ta tio n

Cr isis Cr isis

I nc id en tI nc id en t

C od a C od a

Sna ke in the Ba thSna ke in the Ba thHow would you like t o f ind a s nake in your bath? A nast y one, too!How would you like to f ind a snake in your bath? A nast y one, too!

WeWe ha d ha d just just mov e d mov e d into a new house, which had been empt y f or so into a new house, which had been empt y f or so long that ever ything was in a terrible mess. Anna and I decided welong that ever ything was in a terrible mess. Anna and I decided wewould would c l ean c l ean the bath f irst, so we the bath f irst, so we set toset to, and, and turne d o n turne d o n the tap.the tap.Suddenl y to m y horror, a snake·s headSuddenl y to m y horror, a snake·s head appeare d appeare d in the plug hole.in the plug hole.T henT hen outout slithere d slithere d the rest of his long thin body. He the rest of his long thin body. He twistedtwisted andandturnedturned on the slipper y bottom of the bath,on the slipper y bottom of the bath, s p ittin g s p ittin g andand hissin g hissin g at at us.us.

For an instant IFor an instant I stood stood therethere quitequite paral yzed.paral yzed. T henT hen I yelled for m yI yelled for m yhusband, who luckil yhusband, who luckil y ca m e r unn in g ca m e r unn in g andand kill e d kill e d the snake with the the snake with the handle of a broom. Anna, who was onl y three at the time, washandle of a broom. Anna, who was onl y three at the time, was quitequiteinterested in the whole business. Indeed Iinterested in the whole business. Indeed I ha d to p ull ha d to p ull her out of her out of the wa y orthe wa y or sheshe· d · d probabl yprobabl y ha v e l ean tha v e l ean t over the bath to get a over the bath to get a better look.better look.

We found out latter that it was a black mamba, a poisonous kind of We found out latter that it was a black mamba, a poisonous kind of snake. It had obviousl y been fast asleep,snake. It had obviousl y been fast asleep, c ur l e d u p c ur l e d u p at the bottom at the bottom of the nice warm waterof the nice warm water- - pipe.pipe. IIt must have had an awful shockt must have had an awful shockwhen the cold water came trickling down!when the cold water came trickling down! But nothing to the shockBut nothing to the shockI got!I got! Ever since thenEver since then II· v e · v e alwa ysalwa ys p ut p ut the plug in firml y beforethe plug in firml y beforer unn in g r unn in g the bath water.the bath water.

S ig n if ican t Gra mm a tica l Fea ture s :S ig n if ican t Gra mm a tica l Fea ture s : Use ofUse of Exclamation, rhetorical question and intensifiersExclamation, rhetorical question and intensifiers Use ofUse of Material P rocessesMaterial P rocesses to tell what happenedto tell what happened Use ofUse of temporal con junctiontemporal con junction



S ocial Function:S ocial Function:To inform readers, listeners or viewers about events of the day are considered newsworthyTo inform readers, listeners or viewers about events of the day are considered newsworthyor important or important

Ne wswo r thyNe wswo r thyE v en tE v en t

Back g r oun d Back g r oun d E v en tE v en t

S ource s S ource s

Tow n ¶Co n tamina te d·Tow n ¶Co n tamina te d·Mos c ow Mos c ow -- A Russian journalistA Russian journalist ha s unc ov ere d ha s unc ov ere d e vid ence e vid ence of an other S ovie t n uclear ca ta str ophe , whic hof an other S ovie t n uclear ca ta str ophe , whic h k ille d k ille d 1010s a ilo r s an d s a ilo r s an d c o n tamina te d c o n tamina te d an en tire tow n .an en tire tow n . Yelena Va zr sha vs kya is the fir st journalist to speak to Yelena Va zr sha vs kya is the fir st journalist to speak to pe ople who witne ss e d the e xplosio n a n uclear submar ine pe ople who witne ss e d the e xplosio n a n uclear submar ine a t the na v al ba s e of S hk otovo a t the na v al ba s e of S hk otovo--22 near Vla divosto c .22 near Vla divosto c .The acc id en t, whic hThe acc id en t, whic h o cc urre d o cc urre d 13 mo n th be fo re the 13 mo n th be fo re the

Chern o byl dis a ster Chern o byl dis a ster ,, sprea d sprea d ra dio ac tiv e fallra dio ac tiv e fall--outout ov er ov er the ba s e an d nearby tow n the ba s e an d nearby tow n , but w a s c ov ere d up by , but w a s c ov ere d up by offic ials of the then S ovie t un io n . R e sid en ts w ere to ld offic ials of the then S ovie t un io n . R e sid en ts w ere to ld the e xplosio n the e xplosio n in the reac to r of the Vic to r in the reac to r of the Vic to r --cla ss cla ss submar ine dur in g a re fitsubmar ine dur in g a re fit ha d been a ¶thermal· an d n ot a ha d been a ¶thermal· an d n ot a n uclear e xplosio n . An d thos e in vo lv e d in the clean n uclear e xplosio n . An d thos e in vo lv e d in the clean --upupopera tio n to remov e mo re than 600 to n s ofopera tio n to remov e mo re than 600 to n s of

c o n tamina te d ma ter ial w ere swo rn to s ecrecy .c o n tamina te d ma ter ial w ere swo rn to s ecrecy .A bo ar d of in v e stig a to r s w a s la tter to d e s cr ibe itA bo ar d of in v e stig a to r s w a s la tter to d e s cr ibe it a s a s the wo r st acc id en t in the histo ry of the S ovie t Na v y .the wo r st acc id en t in the histo ry of the S ovie t Na v y .

S ig n ifican t Gramma tical Fea ture s:S ig n ifican t Gramma tical Fea ture s: Short, telegraphic information about stor y captured in head line.Short, telegraphic information about stor y captured in head line. Use of Use of Material P rocessesMaterial P rocesses to retell the eventto retell the event Use of projecting Use of projecting Verbal P rocessesVerbal P rocesses in sources stage.in sources stage. Focus on Focus on CircumstancesCircumstances



S ocial Function:S ocial Function:To critique an art work or event for a public audience S uch works of art include movies, TV shows,To critique an art work or event for a public audience S uch works of art include movies, TV shows,books, plays, operas, recordings, exhibitions, concerts and ballets books, plays, operas, recordings, exhibitions, concerts and ballets

Gener ic Gener ic S tr uc ture S tr uc ture

O r ien ta tio n O r ien ta tio n

E v a lua tio n E v a lua tio n


I n terpre ta tiv e I n terpre ta tiv e

R ec oun tR ec oun tE v a lua tio n E v a lua tio n


E v a lua tiv e E v a lua tiv e

S umm a tio n S umm a tio n

Pr iv a te Liv es Spar kl e Pr iv a te Liv es Spar kl e S ince the first production of ¶Private Lives· in 1930, with theatre·s two S ince the first production of ¶Private Lives· in 1930, with theatre·s two leading leading sophisticates sophisticates No e l Co wardNo e l Co ward andand Ger tr ude Lawrence Ger tr ude Lawrence in the leads,in the leads,the p l a ythe p l a y has tended to be seen as a vehicle for stars.has tended to be seen as a vehicle for stars.QUT Academy of the Arts· production boasted no ¶stars·, but certainlyQUT Academy of the Arts· production boasted no ¶stars·, but certainlyfielded potential stars in a fielded potential stars in a sparkling sparkling performance that brought out just performance that brought out just how fine a piece of how fine a piece of craftsmanship craftsmanship Co ward·s p l a yCo ward·s p l a y is.is.More than 60 years later, what new could be deduced from so familiar a More than 60 years later, what new could be deduced from so familiar a theme ?theme ?Direc to r Ro d Wissl er ·sDirec to r Ro d Wissl er ·s highly perceptive highly perceptive approach went beyond the approach went beyond the

glittery glittery surface of surface of wittywitty banter to the banter to the darker darker implications beneath.implications beneath.With the shifting of attitudes to social values, it became clear that With the shifting of attitudes to social values, it became clear that Vic to r Vic to r andand S ibyl S ibyl were potentially the more were potentially the more admirable admirable of the couples, with of the couples, with standards better ad justed than the standards better ad justed than the volatile volatile andand self self- -indulgen indulgent t E lyotE lyot andandAm anda .Am anda .The The wit wit was there,was there, dexterouslydexterously ping ping- -ponged to and fro by a ponged to and fro by a vibrant vibrant Am anda (Ca ther ine Jo nes)Am anda (Ca ther ine Jo nes) and a and a suave suave E lyot (Dan ie l Kea ly)E lyot (Dan ie l Kea ly)..Julie Ec kersly·s S ybil Julie Ec kersly·s S ybil was a was a delightful creation delightful creation, and, and Phili p Ca m er o n Phili p Ca m er o n --

S mith·sS mith·s more more serious serious playing was playing was just right just right for for Vic to r . Jo die Le v esc o n te Vic to r . Jo die Le v esc o n te was a superb French maid.was a superb French maid. Ja m es M ac l ean ·s se tJa m es M ac l ean ·s se t captured the Thirties captured the Thirties atmosphere with atmosphere with many subtle many subtle touches.touches.All involved deserve All involved deserve the highest praise the highest praise..

S ignificant Grammatical Features:S ignificant Grammatical Features: Focus on Focus on Particular ParticipantsParticular Participants Direct Direct exp ress ion of op in ions exp ress ion of op in ions thro ugh us e of attitudin al lexis thro ugh us e of attitudin al lexis Us e of elabo ratin g and extendin g claus e and gro up co mp lexes to p ackage the Us e of elabo ratin g and extendin g claus e and gro up co mp lexes to p ackage the

info rmation info rmation Us e of metap ho rical lan guageUs e of metap ho rical lan guage

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