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EYDC , GR , April 2002
The Evolution of a System
Gerd Roloff
Systems General
Airbus-Deutschland GmbH
Aircraf t
Land ing Gear
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Contents
EYDC , GR , April 2002
Review of Landing Gear History
Struts and Shock Absorbers
Tyres, Wheels & Brakes
Landing Gear Systems Test & Certification
Landing Gear Design
Special Purpose Undercarrige
Discussion
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Land ing Gear Data
EYDC , GR , April 2002
Weight: 2,5 5 % of the MTOW
Cost: 1.5 to 1.75 % of the Aircraft
Maintenance: 20 % of the Airframe DMC
Loads: up to 30,000 kg/wheelSpeeds: over 300 km/h
Rolling distance: up to 500.000 km
Life time of: 60.000 hours / 20 years
In-Service cycle: 20.000 hours (overhaul)
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History
EYDC , GR , April 2002
The Beginning - Wright Brothers , 1903
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History
EYDC , GR , April 2002
Etrich , 1914 / Albatros , 1918
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History
EYDC , GR , April 2002
Messerschmitt Me 20 , 1928
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History
EYDC , GR , April 2002
Junkers Ju-52/3m , 1932
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History
EYDC , GR , April 2002
Retractable Landing Gear , 1911
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History
EYDC , GR , April 2002
Hydraulic powered Landing Gear , He-70 , 1932
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History
EYDC , GR , April 2002
Tail Wheel - Type , Focke Wulf Fw 200 , 1936
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History
EYDC , GR , April 2002
Overview of Landing Gear Types
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History
EYDC , GR , April 2002
Advantages of the NLG-Type:
Improved rolling characteristics
Horizontal floor
The Pilot has better visibility Easier ground handling (e.g. towing)
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History
EYDC , GR , April 2002
Nose Wheel-Type Landing Gear , Jatho IV , 1908
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History
EYDC , GR , April 2002
NLG-Type with Twin Wheels , B-29 , 1939
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History
EYDC , GR , April 2002
NLG-Type with Single Wheels, Me 262 , 1942
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History
EYDC , GR , April 2002
Single Wheels , Convair XB-36 , 1946
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History
EYDC , GR , April 2002
8-Wheel MLG , Bristol Brabazon , 1946
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History
EYDC , GR , April 2002
Overview Wheel Arrangements
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History
EYDC , GR , April 2002
Tandem Gear , Boeing B-52 , 1954
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History
EYDC , GR , April 2002
Convair B-58 , 1956
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History
EYDC , GR , April 2002
North American XB-70 , 1964
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History
EYDC , GR , April 2002
Lockheed C-5 Galaxy , 1968
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History
EYDC , GR , April 2002
Boeing B747-100 , 1969
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History
EYDC , GR , April 2002
Concorde , 1969
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History
EYDC , GR , April 2002
McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30 , 1972
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History
EYDC , GR , April 2002
Airbus A320 , 1987
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History
EYDC , GR , April 2002
Antonow An-225 , 1988
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History
EYDC , GR , April 2002
Airbus A340 , 1991
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EYDC , GR , April 2002
General Requirements:
Comfortable shock absorption
Short stopping distance (braking)
High rolling stability during ground manoeuvring Small storage volume
Low drag (specially for fixed landing gears)
High reliability and safety
Low maintenance Low weight
Land ing Gear
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Struts and Shock Absorbers
EYDC , GR , April 2002
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Struts and Shock Absorbers
EYDC , GR , April 2002
NLG (Nose Landing Gear) , Airbus A300
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Struts and Shock Absorbers
EYDC , GR , April 2002
MLG (Main Landing Gear) , Boeing B767
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Struts and Shock Absorbers
EYDC , GR , April 2002
Overview Strut-Types
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Struts and Shock Absorbers
EYDC , GR , April 2002
Telescopic-type MLG , Fokker F-28
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Struts and Shock Absorbers
EYDC , GR , April 2002
Lever-type MLG , BAe 146
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Struts and Shock Absorbers
EYDC , GR , April 2002
Semi-lever-type MLG , TU 154
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EYDC , GR , April 2002
4 Wheel MLG , Caravelle
Struts and Shock Absorbers
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EYDC , GR , April 2002
MLG , A310
Struts and Shock Absorbers
MLG , A340MLG , A300
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EYDC , GR , April 2002
SCT - Supersonic Commercial TransportMLG with Steering , B777
Struts and Shock Absorbers
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EYDC , GR , April 2002
A400M
Aermacchi / Embraer AMX
Struts and Shock Absorbers
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EYDC , GR , April 2002
A400MEF 2000 - Typhoon
Struts and Shock Absorbers
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EYDC , GR , April 2002
A400MLockheed Martin F-16
Struts and Shock Absorbers
S d Sh k Ab b
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EYDC , GR , April 2002
A400MBoeing F-18
Struts and Shock Absorbers
St t d Sh k Ab b
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Struts and Shock Absorbers
EYDC , GR , April 2002
Rubber Shock Absorber
St t d Sh k Ab b
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Struts and Shock Absorbers
EYDC , GR , April 2002
Rubber Spring Oleo
St t d Sh k Ab b
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Struts and Shock Absorbers
EYDC , GR , April 2002
Oleo-Types
Str ts and Shock Absorbers
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Struts and Shock Absorbers
EYDC , GR , April 2002
Struts and Shock Absorbers
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Struts and Shock Absorbers
EYDC , GR , April 2002
Semi-active DampingActive Control
Tyres Wheels & Brakes
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Tyres, Wheels & Brakes
EYDC , GR , April 2002
Tyre
Wheel
Brake
Brake
Discs
Tyres Wheels & Brakes
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Tyres, Wheels & Brakes
EYDC , GR , April 2002
Radial TyreBias Tyre
Tyres Wheels & Brakes
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Tyres, Wheels & Brakes
EYDC , GR , April 2002
NZG Tyre
NZG = Nearly Zero Growth
Tyres Wheels & Brakes
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Tyres, Wheels & Brakes
EYDC , GR , April 2002
Wheels
NLG
MLG
Tyres Wheels & Brakes
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Tyres, Wheels & Brakes
EYDC , GR , April 2002
Pre-rotated Wheels
Tyres Wheels & Brakes
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Tyres, Wheels & Brakes
EYDC , GR , April 2002
Brake Hook , Albatros , 1918
Tyres Wheels & Brakes
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Tyres, Wheels & Brakes
EYDC , GR , April 2002
Palmer - Brake Tube
Tyres, Wheels & Brakes
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Tyres, Wheels & Brakes
EYDC , GR , April 2002
Multi-disc Steel BrakeDrum Brake
Tyres, Wheels & Brakes
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Tyres, Wheels & Brakes
EYDC , GR , April 2002
Carbon Brake
4 Rotor and
5 Stator C/C
Temperatur
Sensor Piston
Housing
Brake Piston
Wear Pin
Braking system
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Braking system
EYDC , GR , April 2002
Dunlop Maxaret , 1948
Braking system
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EYDC , GR , April 2002
SCT - Supersonic Commercial TransportBrake Failure
g y
Braking system
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g y
EYDC , GR , April 2002
Braking Parachute , Lockheed SR-71
Braking system
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g y
EYDC , GR , April 2002
Aircraft Carrier Operations
Braking system
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g y
EYDC , GR , April 2002
Aircraft Carrier Operations
Steering sy stem
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EYDC , GR , April 2002
Steering Mechanism
Ac tuat ion sys tem
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EYDC , GR , April 2002
Landing Gear Retraction, Boeing 747
Tests and Cert i f icat ion
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EYDC , GR , April 2002
SCT - Supersonic Commercial Transport
Landing Gear Certification is part of theAircraft Certification
Test are performed at the Suppliers
facilities
Normally 4 Prototypes are simultanously
used for:
1. Performance Test
2. Fatigue Test
3. Strength Test
4. Drop Test
Tests and Cert i f icat ion
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EYDC , GR , April 2002
Strength TestFatigue Test
Tests and Cert i f icat ion
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EYDC , GR , April 2002
SCT - Supersonic Commercial TransportDrop Test , MLG , A310
Tests and Cert i f icat ion
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EYDC , GR , April 2002
Rejected Take-off , B777
Tests and Cert i f icat ion
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EYDC , GR , April 2002
SCT - Supersonic Commercial TransportDynamometer
Tests and Cert i f icat ion
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EYDC , GR , April 2002
Over-load Tyre Test
Tests and Cert i f icat ion
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EYDC , GR , April 2002
SCT - Supersonic Commercial TransportTyre Failure
Tests and Cert i f icat ion
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EYDC , GR , April 2002
SCT - Supersonic Commercial TransportNormal Landing , A330
Tests and Cert i f icat ion
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EYDC , GR , April 2002
SCT - Supersonic Commercial TransportLanding under adverse Conditions , B747-400
Tests and Cert i f icat ion
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EYDC , GR , April 2002
SCT - Supersonic Commercial TransportOne Engine out Take-off, A340
Land ing Gear Design
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EYDC , GR , April 2002
Airbus A380-800
Land ing Gear Design
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EYDC , GR , April 2002
Airbus A380-800
Land ing Gear Design
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EYDC , GR , April 2002
Airbus A380-800
Land ing Gear Design
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EYDC , GR , April 2002
A380-800Airbus A380-800
Land ing Gear Design
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EYDC , GR , April 2002
Airbus A400M
Future Trends
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EYDC , GR , April 2002
Smart Shock Absorbers
Integrated Control Units
Improved Materials for Struts and Brakes
Maintenance-free components
More electrical Actuation
Special Purpose Undercarr ige
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EYDC , GR , April 2002
Otto Lilienthal , 1895
Special Purpose Undercarr ige
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EYDC , GR , April 2002
Special Purpose Undercarr ige
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EYDC , GR , April 2002
Multi-wheel arrangement , Ar 232
Special Purpose Undercarr ige
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EYDC , GR , April 2002
Aircraft Ground Contact Devices
Air Cushion
Special Purpose Undercarr ige
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EYDC , GR , April 2002
Skid , EC-135
Special Purpose Undercarr ige
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EYDC , GR , April 2002
Take-off trolley , Ar 234
Special Purpose Undercarr ige
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EYDC , GR , April 2002
Tracked Gear
Special Purpose Undercarr ige
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EYDC , GR , April 2002
Skies
Special Purpose Undercarr ige
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EYDC , GR , April 2002
Aircraft Ground Contact Devices
Special Purpose Undercarr ige
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EYDC , GR , April 2002
Ekranoplan
Special Purpose Undercarr ige
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EYDC , GR , April 2002
Seaplane - Amphibian
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EYDC , GR , April 2002
The End
