Total Textile Process at a Glance

Sludge is the solid material removed during the treatment ofwastewaters. The term is also sometimes used as a general termfor solids separated from suspension in a liquid material usuallycontains significant quantities of wastewater. There are threekinds of sludge: sewage sludge from municipal treatment works,septage pumped from septic tanks, and industrial smudges. Allthree are a growing management problem in this state, andthroughout the world. A primary treatment plant removes solidsphysically, by screening out larger objects and allowing grit andother materials to settle in settling tanks. This removes mostsolids, but leaves suspended matter and dissolved substances inthe discharged water, or effluent.

The Sludge management consist of different distinctfunctions such as Solid Liquid separation, SludgeThickening, Sludge De- watering and Sludge disposal.The following Equipments manufactured by Confidentplay significant role in Sludge Management Process.

High Rate Solid Content Clarifier Sludge Thickener Filter Press Hydro Extractor Decanter

Characteristics and aluminum reuse of textile sludge incinerationresidues after acidification

The chemical composition and aluminum speciation of sludge incinerationresidue (SIR) were determined. Cementation of aluminum from sulfuricacid solution using SIR was studied. The results showed that acid-soluble inorganic aluminum was the predominant component in thesludge, and the total leached aluminum increased from 62.2% to 92.9%after incineration. Sulfuric acid dosage and reaction time were found toaffect aluminum recovery positively. Conversely, the increase intemperature significantly inhibited recovery reactions. The optimizedleaching condition was 1.66 g sulfuric acid per gram of SIR with areaction time of 3 hr at 20°C, resulting in the highest aluminum leachingrate of 96.7%. Compared to commercial aluminum sulfate solutioncoagulants, the leaching solution demonstrated higher CODCr, turbidityand color removal efficiency for textile wastewater.

Brick manufactured from incinerated sewage sludge ash and clay isinvestigated. The results of Atterberg limits tests of molded ash-claymixtures indicated that both plastic index and dry shrinkagedecrease with an increasing amount of ash in the mixture. Results oftests indicated that the ash proportion and firing temperature werethe two key factors determining the quality of brick. Increasing thefiring temperature and decreasing the amount of ash in the brickresulted in a decrease of water absorption. The appropriatepercentage of ash content for producing quality bricks was in therange of 20 to 40% by weight with a 13 to 15% optimum moisturecontent prepared in the molded mixture and firing at 1,000°C for 6h. With 10% ash content, the ash-clay bricks exhibited highercompressive strength than normal clay bricks. This study showedthat the pulverized sludge ash could be used as brick material. Thebonding strength can be further enhanced by controlling operatingconditions.

These regulations implement Council Directive 86/278/EEC on theprotection of the environment, and in particular soil, when sewagesludge is used on agricultural land. They prohibit the use of sludge fromsewage treatment works being spread on agricultural land unlessspecified requirements are fulfilled.

The soil and the sludge must be tested before sludge is applied to land todetermine the application rate, so as to avoid a build up of nutrients andheavy metals. The sludge producer must keep a register of the qualityand quantities of sludge supplied for use in agriculture, the details of theperson and farmland supplied and the analysis and assessments carriedout on the farmland used. The occupier of the land must supply theproducer of the sludge with information about the agricultural units onwhich the sludge was applied and how it was used.

The Regulations also specify certain activities that are not permitted onland following sludge application, until certain periods of time haveelapsed. Enforcement of this legislation is carried out by the Departmentof the Environment.

Commonplace requirements in many industries are to minimize the amountof waste generated and to reduce the overall impacts on the environment.Pulp and paper industries and automobile manufacturing unit generate aconsiderable amount of diverse hazardous waste. There are now standardpractices or norms available for such industries. A number of methods areused for disposal of such kind of waste and reduce the concentrations ofcontaminants. The waste after conventional treatment results into sludge, ashor cake which contains residual contaminants mostly consisting of heavymetals / inorganic concentrates. These waste ends up in waste moulds or alandfill. In India, about 4.4 million tones/ annum of Hazardous Waste, whichends up for disposal. Unless this is scientifically disposed, it could causeserious hazard to human health.

Why use a Hazardous Waste Landfill

Low costs compared to other disposal options Often the only final disposal route for residues arising from other HWM

options (e.g. ashes from incineration processes) Well-designed landfills can be unobtrusive

A Special Way to Manage Textile Sludge: Activated

Sludge Process

Process in which a mixture of wastewater and microorganisms is agitated and aerated

Leads to oxidation of dissolved organics

After oxidation, separate sludge from wastewater Induce microbial growth

Activated Sludge Process

MixedLiquorin

ReactorAir

SecondaryClarifier

w/w

Waste Activated

Sludge(WAS)

Return Activated

Sludge(RAS)

Treatedw/w

Discharge toRiver or LandApplication

Activated Sludge Process

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