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TFG VERSIO´N DEFINITIVA - Repositorio Comillas · positivism. First we raised the issue of the...

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Page 1: TFG VERSIO´N DEFINITIVA - Repositorio Comillas · positivism. First we raised the issue of the debate in a brief introduction facing two possible positions. Secondly, we have been
Page 2: TFG VERSIO´N DEFINITIVA - Repositorio Comillas · positivism. First we raised the issue of the debate in a brief introduction facing two possible positions. Secondly, we have been

2.1.1 Definición

2.1.2 Origen

2.1.3 Características

2.1.4 Autores

4.1.1 Definición

4.1.2 Origen

4.1.3 Características

4.1.4 Autores

Page 3: TFG VERSIO´N DEFINITIVA - Repositorio Comillas · positivism. First we raised the issue of the debate in a brief introduction facing two possible positions. Secondly, we have been

RESUMEN: ¿LOS DERECHOS HUMANOS SON UNIVERSALES O UNA CREACIÓN PURAMENTE OCCIDENTAL?

Palabras clave: universalismo, iusnaturalismo, relativismo, positivismo y derechos

humanos.

Este trabajo está enfocado a la determinación de la naturaleza de los derechos humanos.

El objetivo general de este trabajo es definir una postura dentro del debate

contemporáneo sobre si la naturaleza de los derechos humanos es universal o es

puramente una imposición occidental. Para esta defensa hemos utilizado distintos

argumentos comparando dos grandes doctrinas filosóficas: el iusnaturalismo y el

positivismo jurídico. En primer lugar hemos planteado la cuestión del debate en una

breve introducción enfrentando las dos posibles posturas. En segundo lugar, nos hemos

ocupado de examinar la doctrina del Derecho Natural, su origen, evolución y sus

autores más característicos. Asimismo, después de haber definido el universalismo y sus

principales características, hemos considerado una aproximación a este pensamiento

filosófico con la doctrina del universalismo. Por otro lado, hemos planteado la misma

estructura desde la perspectiva del positivismo jurídico, su origen, evolución, autores y

el relativismo y sus aproximaciones. Por último hemos realizado un análisis

comparativo entre las diferencias de ambas posturas y hemos llegado a una conclusión

de cierre. Los derechos humanos son objetivos, absolutos e inalienables; son derechos

básicos inherentes a la naturaleza humana y concurren desde la existencia del ser

humano.

Key words: universalism, iusnaturalism, relativism, positivism and human rights

This work is focused on determining the nature of human rights. The overall objective

of this work is to define a position within the contemporary debate over whether human

rights are universal or purely a Western imposition. For this defense we have used

different arguments comparing two philosophical doctrines: the natural law and legal

Page 4: TFG VERSIO´N DEFINITIVA - Repositorio Comillas · positivism. First we raised the issue of the debate in a brief introduction facing two possible positions. Secondly, we have been

positivism. First we raised the issue of the debate in a brief introduction facing two

possible positions. Secondly, we have been concerned to examine the doctrine of

natural law, its origin, its evolution and its most characteristic authors. Also, after

defining universalism and its main features, we have considered an approximation of

this philosophical thought with the doctrine of universalism. On the other hand, we have

raised the same structure from the perspective of legal positivism, its origin, evolution

and relativism authors and their approaches. Finally we have performed a comparative

analysis of the different positions and have come to a conclusion. Human rights are

objective, absolute and inalienable. There are basic rights inherent to human nature and

concur since the existence of human beings.

Page 5: TFG VERSIO´N DEFINITIVA - Repositorio Comillas · positivism. First we raised the issue of the debate in a brief introduction facing two possible positions. Secondly, we have been

¿Los derechos humanos son universales o una creación puramente occidental?

Page 6: TFG VERSIO´N DEFINITIVA - Repositorio Comillas · positivism. First we raised the issue of the debate in a brief introduction facing two possible positions. Secondly, we have been

Diccionario

Idem.

Page 7: TFG VERSIO´N DEFINITIVA - Repositorio Comillas · positivism. First we raised the issue of the debate in a brief introduction facing two possible positions. Secondly, we have been
Page 8: TFG VERSIO´N DEFINITIVA - Repositorio Comillas · positivism. First we raised the issue of the debate in a brief introduction facing two possible positions. Secondly, we have been

Cuadernos de Derecho Judicial,,

, Protection européenne des Droits des hommes

Page 9: TFG VERSIO´N DEFINITIVA - Repositorio Comillas · positivism. First we raised the issue of the debate in a brief introduction facing two possible positions. Secondly, we have been

Reflections on the Revolution in France

Page 10: TFG VERSIO´N DEFINITIVA - Repositorio Comillas · positivism. First we raised the issue of the debate in a brief introduction facing two possible positions. Secondly, we have been

2.1.1 Definición

2.1.2 Origen

Las

leyes, Ética a

Nicomáco La Suma.

The National Interest

Page 11: TFG VERSIO´N DEFINITIVA - Repositorio Comillas · positivism. First we raised the issue of the debate in a brief introduction facing two possible positions. Secondly, we have been

Ius Civile

Ius Gentium Ius

Naturale

Ibid

Page 12: TFG VERSIO´N DEFINITIVA - Repositorio Comillas · positivism. First we raised the issue of the debate in a brief introduction facing two possible positions. Secondly, we have been

Persona y Derecho

Page 13: TFG VERSIO´N DEFINITIVA - Repositorio Comillas · positivism. First we raised the issue of the debate in a brief introduction facing two possible positions. Secondly, we have been

2.1.3 Características

Justicia, validez y Eficacia Ibid

Filosofía del Derecho

Page 14: TFG VERSIO´N DEFINITIVA - Repositorio Comillas · positivism. First we raised the issue of the debate in a brief introduction facing two possible positions. Secondly, we have been
Page 15: TFG VERSIO´N DEFINITIVA - Repositorio Comillas · positivism. First we raised the issue of the debate in a brief introduction facing two possible positions. Secondly, we have been

2.1.4 Autores

Lecciones de Teoría del Derecho Suma Teológica

Page 16: TFG VERSIO´N DEFINITIVA - Repositorio Comillas · positivism. First we raised the issue of the debate in a brief introduction facing two possible positions. Secondly, we have been

Sindéresis

Page 17: TFG VERSIO´N DEFINITIVA - Repositorio Comillas · positivism. First we raised the issue of the debate in a brief introduction facing two possible positions. Secondly, we have been
Page 18: TFG VERSIO´N DEFINITIVA - Repositorio Comillas · positivism. First we raised the issue of the debate in a brief introduction facing two possible positions. Secondly, we have been

Il Foglio,

Il Foglio

Teoría de la justicia de John Rawls y sus críticos

Page 19: TFG VERSIO´N DEFINITIVA - Repositorio Comillas · positivism. First we raised the issue of the debate in a brief introduction facing two possible positions. Secondly, we have been
Page 20: TFG VERSIO´N DEFINITIVA - Repositorio Comillas · positivism. First we raised the issue of the debate in a brief introduction facing two possible positions. Secondly, we have been

Human Rights Quaterly

IbidIdemIbid

Page 21: TFG VERSIO´N DEFINITIVA - Repositorio Comillas · positivism. First we raised the issue of the debate in a brief introduction facing two possible positions. Secondly, we have been

Idem

Page 22: TFG VERSIO´N DEFINITIVA - Repositorio Comillas · positivism. First we raised the issue of the debate in a brief introduction facing two possible positions. Secondly, we have been
Page 23: TFG VERSIO´N DEFINITIVA - Repositorio Comillas · positivism. First we raised the issue of the debate in a brief introduction facing two possible positions. Secondly, we have been

Natural Law

Page 24: TFG VERSIO´N DEFINITIVA - Repositorio Comillas · positivism. First we raised the issue of the debate in a brief introduction facing two possible positions. Secondly, we have been

Standford Enclyclopedia of Philosophy

Idem.

Page 25: TFG VERSIO´N DEFINITIVA - Repositorio Comillas · positivism. First we raised the issue of the debate in a brief introduction facing two possible positions. Secondly, we have been

co-eval

felicitas

The University of Chicago Press, Natural Law,

Standford Encyclopedia of Philosophy

Page 26: TFG VERSIO´N DEFINITIVA - Repositorio Comillas · positivism. First we raised the issue of the debate in a brief introduction facing two possible positions. Secondly, we have been

Natural Law and Natural Rights

Moral Absolutes

Natural Law and Natural Rights

IbidNatural Law and Natural Rights

Page 27: TFG VERSIO´N DEFINITIVA - Repositorio Comillas · positivism. First we raised the issue of the debate in a brief introduction facing two possible positions. Secondly, we have been

Natural Law and Natural Rights

Page 28: TFG VERSIO´N DEFINITIVA - Repositorio Comillas · positivism. First we raised the issue of the debate in a brief introduction facing two possible positions. Secondly, we have been

IbidIntention and identity

Page 29: TFG VERSIO´N DEFINITIVA - Repositorio Comillas · positivism. First we raised the issue of the debate in a brief introduction facing two possible positions. Secondly, we have been

4.1.1 Definición

4.1.2 Origen

Curso de filosofía positiva

4.1.3 Características

ACADEMIA

Page 30: TFG VERSIO´N DEFINITIVA - Repositorio Comillas · positivism. First we raised the issue of the debate in a brief introduction facing two possible positions. Secondly, we have been

Lecciones de Teoría del Derecho

Justicia validez y eficacia,

Page 31: TFG VERSIO´N DEFINITIVA - Repositorio Comillas · positivism. First we raised the issue of the debate in a brief introduction facing two possible positions. Secondly, we have been

4.1.4 Autores

Page 32: TFG VERSIO´N DEFINITIVA - Repositorio Comillas · positivism. First we raised the issue of the debate in a brief introduction facing two possible positions. Secondly, we have been

Teoría pura del derecho

Contra el relativismo

Page 33: TFG VERSIO´N DEFINITIVA - Repositorio Comillas · positivism. First we raised the issue of the debate in a brief introduction facing two possible positions. Secondly, we have been

Human rights in east asia: a cultural perspective

Page 34: TFG VERSIO´N DEFINITIVA - Repositorio Comillas · positivism. First we raised the issue of the debate in a brief introduction facing two possible positions. Secondly, we have been

Il Foglio

IbidIbid

Page 35: TFG VERSIO´N DEFINITIVA - Repositorio Comillas · positivism. First we raised the issue of the debate in a brief introduction facing two possible positions. Secondly, we have been
Page 36: TFG VERSIO´N DEFINITIVA - Repositorio Comillas · positivism. First we raised the issue of the debate in a brief introduction facing two possible positions. Secondly, we have been

Contra el relativismo

Page 37: TFG VERSIO´N DEFINITIVA - Repositorio Comillas · positivism. First we raised the issue of the debate in a brief introduction facing two possible positions. Secondly, we have been

Human Rights Quaterly

Page 38: TFG VERSIO´N DEFINITIVA - Repositorio Comillas · positivism. First we raised the issue of the debate in a brief introduction facing two possible positions. Secondly, we have been

Ibid

Page 39: TFG VERSIO´N DEFINITIVA - Repositorio Comillas · positivism. First we raised the issue of the debate in a brief introduction facing two possible positions. Secondly, we have been

Vindicación de la sociedad natural

Introducción a Reflexiones sobre la Revolución Francesa

Revista Telemática de Filosofía del Derecho

Textos políticosRevista Telemática de Filosofía del

Derecho

Page 40: TFG VERSIO´N DEFINITIVA - Repositorio Comillas · positivism. First we raised the issue of the debate in a brief introduction facing two possible positions. Secondly, we have been

a priori

a posteriori

Revista Telemática de Filosofía del Derecho

Lecciones de Teoría del Derecho

Page 41: TFG VERSIO´N DEFINITIVA - Repositorio Comillas · positivism. First we raised the issue of the debate in a brief introduction facing two possible positions. Secondly, we have been
Page 42: TFG VERSIO´N DEFINITIVA - Repositorio Comillas · positivism. First we raised the issue of the debate in a brief introduction facing two possible positions. Secondly, we have been
Page 43: TFG VERSIO´N DEFINITIVA - Repositorio Comillas · positivism. First we raised the issue of the debate in a brief introduction facing two possible positions. Secondly, we have been

Lecciones de Teoría del Derecho

Il

Foglio,

Justicia, validez y Eficacia.

ACADEMIA

Textos políticos

Revista Telemática de Filosofía del DerechoHuman Rights Quaterly

Revista Telemática de Filosofía del Derecho

Natural Law

The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy

The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy

Oxford Essays in

Jurisprudence

Cuadernos de Derecho Judicial,

,

“ Los

fundamentos filosóficos de los derechos humanos en el contexto europeo

Page 44: TFG VERSIO´N DEFINITIVA - Repositorio Comillas · positivism. First we raised the issue of the debate in a brief introduction facing two possible positions. Secondly, we have been

Derechos humanos: ¿una invención occidental?

Los

fundamentos filosóficos de los derechos humanos

Human

rights in east Asia: a cultural perspective

Human Rights Quarterly

The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy

Oxford Handbook of

Jurisprudence and Philosophy of Law

« Gramática de los Derechos »

Persona y Derecho,

,

La revue Interculture

,

Derecho positivo de los derechos humanos,

Derechos humanos, Estado de Derecho y Constitución,

Page 45: TFG VERSIO´N DEFINITIVA - Repositorio Comillas · positivism. First we raised the issue of the debate in a brief introduction facing two possible positions. Secondly, we have been

Teoría de la justicia de John Rawls y sus críticos

Introducción a

Reflexiones sobre la Revolución Francesa

Revista Telemática de Filosofía del Derecho

Persona y Derecho

Protection internationale des droits de

l´homme

Contra el Relativismo, editorial Intervenciones,


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