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History :History : 11stst Flight Inspection in ThailandFlight Inspection in Thailand
EarlyEarly 19601960s, requirement for U.S. military air force base ands, requirement for U.S. military air force base and
more navaids in Thailand leads to flight inspection requirementmore navaids in Thailand leads to flight inspection requirement
USAF transfer DCUSAF transfer DC--33 (EC(EC--4747) to RTAF for flight inspection use) to RTAF for flight inspection use
g t nspect on n tg t nspect on n t w t n a anw t n a an esta s e nesta s e n
22 AugustAugust 19681968 With su ort b USOM and CAAG coordinated with FAAWith su ort b USOM and CAAG coordinated with FAA
DCDC--33 (HS(HS--DOA)DOA) 11st flight inspection aircraft in Thailandst flight inspection aircraft in Thailand
ICAO Seminar on Testing of Navigation and Surveillance Facilities and Validation of Flight ProcedureICAO Seminar on Testing of Navigation and Surveillance Facilities and Validation of Flight ProcedureBangkok,Bangkok, 55--77 AugustAugust 20092009
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History : Early TimeHistory : Early Time
In an early time and with U.S.In an early time and with U.S.
support, U.S. Standards Flightsupport, U.S. Standards Flight
Inspection Manual Order OA PInspection Manual Order OA P
82008200..11 was used as guideline forwas used as guideline for
g nspec on s an ar sg nspec on s an ar sDOA Flight Inspection Unit hasDOA Flight Inspection Unit has
since followed FAA standards andsince followed FAA standards and
its changes for flight inspectionits changes for flight inspection
Also monitoring progress andAlso monitoring progress and
development of ICAO standardsdevelopment of ICAO standards
sincesince 19721972
ICAO Seminar on Testing of Navigation and Surveillance Facilities and Validation of Flight ProcedureICAO Seminar on Testing of Navigation and Surveillance Facilities and Validation of Flight ProcedureBangkok,Bangkok, 55--77 AugustAugust 20092009
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History : Transfer to AEROTHAIHistory : Transfer to AEROTHAI
Flight Inspection Unit andFlight Inspection Unit and
responsibility transferred toresponsibility transferred to
AEROTHAI in JuneAEROTHAI in June 20022002
Includes flight inspection aircraft,Includes flight inspection aircraft,,,
andand personnelpersonnel
AEROTHAIs flight inspectionAEROTHAIs flight inspection
based on ICAO recommendationsbased on ICAO recommendations With FAA Order as supportingWith FAA Order as supporting
guideline where necessaryguideline where necessary
and Thailand Flight Inspectionand Thailand Flight Inspection
continuescontinues
ICAO Seminar on Testing of Navigation and Surveillance Facilities and Validation of Flight ProcedureICAO Seminar on Testing of Navigation and Surveillance Facilities and Validation of Flight ProcedureBangkok,Bangkok, 55--77 AugustAugust 20092009
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Flight Inspection OperationFlight Inspection Operation
Facility Quantity Interval Remark
CAT I for most air orts
ILS 35 6 months
CAT II at SVB & DMCAT III for SVB 3rdRWY (Tentative)
VOR 36 12 months Mostly AEROTHAI owned facilities
NDB 35 12 months AEROTHAI owned facilities
Not AEROTHAI facilities
P PI 12 months Inspection for AOT, Bangkok Air,RTAF, Navy, and DCA Thailand
AEROTHAI owned facilities
12 mont s (ASR, PSR, SSR, Mode S)
Including RTAF Radar
Total fli ht ins ection time ~1 500 hrs er ear
ICAO Seminar on Testing of Navigation and Surveillance Facilities and Validation of Flight ProcedureICAO Seminar on Testing of Navigation and Surveillance Facilities and Validation of Flight ProcedureBangkok,Bangkok, 55--77 AugustAugust 20092009
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Operation : Radar FacilitiesOperation : Radar Facilities
Radar facilities include:Radar facilities include: ASR, PSR, SSR, SSR Mode SASR, PSR, SSR, SSR Mode S
Current 16 radar stations around ThailandCurrent 16 radar stations around Thailand
Coverage over BKK FIRCoverage over BKK FIR
urrent y rep ac ng most ra arsurrent y rep ac ng most ra ars
with SSR Mode Swith SSR Mode S
Radar periodic inspection for ATCRadar periodic inspection for ATC
Radar DisplayRadar Display
ICAO Seminar on Testing of Navigation and Surveillance Facilities and Validation of Flight ProcedureICAO Seminar on Testing of Navigation and Surveillance Facilities and Validation of Flight ProcedureBangkok,Bangkok, 55--77 AugustAugust 20092009
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Operation : Other FunctionsOperation : Other Functions
Instrument Flight ProceduresInstrument Flight Procedures
Research & DevelopmentResearch & Development
. .. .
PBN Implementation and UsePBN Implementation and Use
ADSADS--B ImplementationB Implementation (during study)(during study)
ICAO Seminar on Testing of Navigation and Surveillance Facilities and Validation of Flight ProcedureICAO Seminar on Testing of Navigation and Surveillance Facilities and Validation of Flight ProcedureBangkok,Bangkok, 55--77 AugustAugust 20092009
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Operation : Coordination with OthersOperation : Coordination with Others
Navaids EngineersNavaids Engineers
Procedure DesignersProcedure Designers
ATCATC
and most importantly,and most importantly, DCA ThailandDCA Thailand
ICAO Seminar on Testing of Navigation and Surveillance Facilities and Validation of Flight ProcedureICAO Seminar on Testing of Navigation and Surveillance Facilities and Validation of Flight ProcedureBangkok,Bangkok, 55--77 AugustAugust 20092009
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Fleet : Upgraded King Air HSFleet : Upgraded King Air HS--DCFDCF
Hawker Beechcraft King Air BHawker Beechcraft King Air B200200, HS, HS--DCFDCF
Upgraded for AFIS inUpgraded for AFIS in 20042004--20052005
conven ona nava sconven ona nava sflight inspectionflight inspection
ICAO Seminar on Testing of Navigation and Surveillance Facilities and Validation of Flight ProcedureICAO Seminar on Testing of Navigation and Surveillance Facilities and Validation of Flight ProcedureBangkok,Bangkok, 55--77 AugustAugust 20092009
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Fleet : New King Air HSFleet : New King Air HS--CNSCNS
Hawker Beechcraft King Air B200, HSHawker Beechcraft King Air B200, HS--CNSCNS
All conventional navaids flight inspectionAll conventional navaids flight inspection
Primary Flight Inspection AircraftPrimary Flight Inspection Aircraft
ICAO Seminar on Testing of Navigation and Surveillance Facilities and Validation of Flight ProcedureICAO Seminar on Testing of Navigation and Surveillance Facilities and Validation of Flight ProcedureBangkok,Bangkok, 55--77 AugustAugust 20092009
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Fleet : Support RoleFleet : Support Role
Remaining aircraft to support for miscellaneous use andRemaining aircraft to support for miscellaneous use and
support for NDB, PAPI and Radar flight inspectionsupport for NDB, PAPI and Radar flight inspection King Air King Air 200200/B/B200200,, HSHS--DCBDCB && HSHS--ATS;ATS; and Cessna Tand Cessna T--337337, HS, HS--ARTART
ICAO Seminar on Testing of Navigation and Surveillance Facilities and Validation of Flight ProcedureICAO Seminar on Testing of Navigation and Surveillance Facilities and Validation of Flight ProcedureBangkok,Bangkok, 55--77 AugustAugust 20092009
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Technology : Aerodata AFISTechnology : Aerodata AFIS
Aerodata/Normarc AutomaticAerodata/Normarc Automatic
Flight Inspection SystemFlight Inspection System
Installed on HSInstalled on HS--DCF & HSDCF & HS--CNSCNS
Positioning Fixing System :Positioning Fixing System :
ICAO/FAA StandardsICAO/FAA Standards
capa ecapa e
ICAO Seminar on Testing of Navigation and Surveillance Facilities and Validation of Flight ProcedureICAO Seminar on Testing of Navigation and Surveillance Facilities and Validation of Flight ProcedureBangkok,Bangkok, 55--77 AugustAugust 20092009
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Technology : AFIS RNAV ModeTechnology : AFIS RNAV Mode
Flyability as main purpose of PBN validationFlyability as main purpose of PBN validation
investigationinvestigation RNAV ModeRNAV Mode GNSS Parameters per ICAO/FAA StandardsGNSS Parameters per ICAO/FAA Standards
ross rac stanceross rac stance Active WayActive Way--PointerPointer
Distance / Bearing To Active WayDistance / Bearing To Active Way--PointPoint
. .. .
Minimum CarrierMinimum Carrier--ToTo--Noise Density RatioNoise Density Ratio
HDOP / VDOP / HFOM / HILHDOP / VDOP / HFOM / HIL
Date and Time (UTC or GPS)Date and Time (UTC or GPS)
GNSS PositionGNSS Position
Receiver Interference FlagReceiver Interference Flag Spectrum Analyzer MeasurementsSpectrum Analyzer Measurements
VOR/DME Si nal LevelVOR/DME Si nal Level
ICAO Seminar on Testing of Navigation and Surveillance Facilities and Validation of Flight ProcedureICAO Seminar on Testing of Navigation and Surveillance Facilities and Validation of Flight ProcedureBangkok,Bangkok, 55--77 AugustAugust 20092009
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Technology : Reference SystemTechnology : Reference System
AFIS support DGPS or DRTT for reference systemAFIS support DGPS or DRTT for reference system DRTT has been and presently used as main position reference systemDRTT has been and presently used as main position reference system
unct on a so ava a eunct on a so ava a e
ICAO Seminar on Testing of Navigation and Surveillance Facilities and Validation of Flight ProcedureICAO Seminar on Testing of Navigation and Surveillance Facilities and Validation of Flight ProcedureBangkok,Bangkok, 55--77 AugustAugust 20092009
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Technology : DGPS ProjectTechnology : DGPS Project
Drawback of DRTTDrawback of DRTT Easily affected by visibility or weather conditionEasily affected by visibility or weather condition
Locat on o t eo o te may e m te y groun space ava a tyLocat on o t eo o te may e m te y groun space ava a ty
Locating theodolite position requires entering into runway vicinityLocating theodolite position requires entering into runway vicinity
AEROTHAI undergoing project to use DGPS as main systemAEROTHAI undergoing project to use DGPS as main system DGPS coordinate surve of all air ortsDGPS coordinate surve of all air orts
Comparison between flight inspection result obtained from DRTT vs DGPSComparison between flight inspection result obtained from DRTT vs DGPS
ICAO Seminar on Testing of Navigation and Surveillance Facilities and Validation of Flight ProcedureICAO Seminar on Testing of Navigation and Surveillance Facilities and Validation of Flight ProcedureBangkok,Bangkok, 55--77 AugustAugust 20092009
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Crews : Flight Inspection PilotCrews : Flight Inspection Pilot
Thousands of flight inspection hoursThousands of flight inspection hours
3030 years of flight inspection experienceyears of flight inspection experience
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Crews : AFIS OperatorCrews : AFIS Operator
Experience with several FIS modelExperience with several FIS model
3030 years of flight inspection experienceyears of flight inspection experience
overseas exper enceoverseas exper ence
ICAO Seminar on Testing of Navigation and Surveillance Facilities and Validation of Flight ProcedureICAO Seminar on Testing of Navigation and Surveillance Facilities and Validation of Flight ProcedureBangkok,Bangkok, 55--77 AugustAugust 20092009
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Crews : Attending IFISCrews : Attending IFIS
International Flight Inspection Symposium (IFIS)International Flight Inspection Symposium (IFIS) Help organized by International Committee for Airspace Standards and CalibrationHelp organized by International Committee for Airspace Standards and Calibration
,,
Held once every 2 yearsHeld once every 2 years
To promote continuity in exchange of regulatory, technical, operational and commercialTo promote continuity in exchange of regulatory, technical, operational and commercialn orma on n g nspec onn orma on n g nspec on
Personnel regularly attending IFIS; Previous attendancePersonnel regularly attending IFIS; Previous attendance 1313thth IFIS2004 Meetin Tomorrows Challen es throu h Innovation CanadaIFIS2004 Meetin Tomorrows Challen es throu h Innovation Canada
1414thth IFIS2006 Sharing the Flight Inspection Experience, FranceIFIS2006 Sharing the Flight Inspection Experience, France
1515thth IFIS2008 Shaping Aerospace Flight Inspection for the Future, U.S.A.IFIS2008 Shaping Aerospace Flight Inspection for the Future, U.S.A.
ICAO Seminar on Testing of Navigation and Surveillance Facilities and Validation of Flight ProcedureICAO Seminar on Testing of Navigation and Surveillance Facilities and Validation of Flight ProcedureBangkok,Bangkok, 55--77 AugustAugust 20092009
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Support FunctionsSupport Functions
Calibration / Laboratory FunctionCalibration / Laboratory Function Routine inRoutine in--house AFIS calibration i.a.w. with manufacturer instructionhouse AFIS calibration i.a.w. with manufacturer instruction
tr ct ca rat on y serv ce center tr ct ca rat on y serv ce center
Aircraft Maintenance FunctionAircraft Maintenance Function --, ,, ,
Spare parts in stock, ready for useSpare parts in stock, ready for use
Flight Operation FunctionFlight Operation Function Flight plan, weight & balance, handling coordination, etc.Flight plan, weight & balance, handling coordination, etc.
ICAO Seminar on Testing of Navigation and Surveillance Facilities and Validation of Flight ProcedureICAO Seminar on Testing of Navigation and Surveillance Facilities and Validation of Flight ProcedureBangkok,Bangkok, 55--77 AugustAugust 20092009
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Oversea Flight Inspection ExperienceOversea Flight Inspection Experience
SinceSince 19701970s, Flight Inspection Unit has provided flights, Flight Inspection Unit has provided flight
inspection support toinspection support to neighboringneighboring countriescountries
Other than its owned facilities, AEROTHAI has been providingOther than its owned facilities, AEROTHAI has been providing
service to other inservice to other in--country organization incl overseas customerscountry organization incl overseas customers
ICAO AssemblyICAO Assembly 3333rdrd Session:Session: States are also urged to establish their own flight test units, establish joint units with States are also urged to establish their own flight test units, establish joint units with
o er a es or conc u e agreemen s o ave g es per orme on e r e a wo er a es or conc u e agreemen s o ave g es per orme on e r e a w
States or agencies that have suitable facilities.States or agencies that have suitable facilities.
Services includes:Services includes: Site Evaluation, Commissioning, Periodic Inspection, Special Inspection, Training &Site Evaluation, Commissioning, Periodic Inspection, Special Inspection, Training &
ConsultingConsulting
PBN Im lementationPBN Im lementation feasibilit stud ro ect lannin GNSS erformance WGSfeasibilit stud ro ect lannin GNSS erformance WGS--8484 survey, RAIM prediction, flight validation, signal monitor & archival)survey, RAIM prediction, flight validation, signal monitor & archival)
Overseas Customers includes:Overseas Customers includes: Bhutan, Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Myanmar, TaiwanBhutan, Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Myanmar, Taiwan
ICAO Seminar on Testing of Navigation and Surveillance Facilities and Validation of Flight ProcedureICAO Seminar on Testing of Navigation and Surveillance Facilities and Validation of Flight ProcedureBangkok,Bangkok, 55--77 AugustAugust 20092009
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Standards & ExperienceStandards & Experience
Recommendations by AnnexRecommendations by Annex 1010 & Doc& Doc 80718071 AEROTHAI carries out flight inspection i.a.w. the recommendationsAEROTHAI carries out flight inspection i.a.w. the recommendations
a an regu ates proce ures, resu t, an approva process .a.w. t e samea an regu ates proce ures, resu t, an approva process .a.w. t e same
ICAO Recommendations therefore not simply guidance, but areICAO Recommendations therefore not simply guidance, but are
Despite of being the same, sometimes the recommendations areDespite of being the same, sometimes the recommendations are
Although it has no effect on safety, but this different interpretation may lead to delay inAlthough it has no effect on safety, but this different interpretation may lead to delay in
analyzing result, or it being inconsistent to the true intention of the recommendationsanalyzing result, or it being inconsistent to the true intention of the recommendations
Base on AEROTHAIs experience, some examples of the possibleBase on AEROTHAIs experience, some examples of the possible
different interpretations are:different interpretations are:,, .. ..
CASECASE 22 : Modulation Level of: Modulation Level of 99609960 Subcarrier (DVOR), SectionSubcarrier (DVOR), Section 22..33..1717 CASECASE 33 : Roughness & Scalloping and: Roughness & Scalloping and 9595% probability (DVOR), Section% probability (DVOR), Section 22..33..1313
,,
ICAO Seminar on Testing of Navigation and Surveillance Facilities and Validation of Flight ProcedureICAO Seminar on Testing of Navigation and Surveillance Facilities and Validation of Flight ProcedureBangkok,Bangkok, 55--77 AugustAugust 20092009
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Experience : CaseExperience : Case 11 -- Alignment MonitorAlignment Monitor
SectionSection 44..33..3838 a)a)
Alignment monitor (Localizer):Alignment monitor (Localizer):
44..33..3838 Localizer course alignment andLocalizer course alignment and
displacement sensitivity monitors may bedisplacement sensitivity monitors may be..
suggested method of flight inspection issuggested method of flight inspection is
given below: a) Alignment monitor. given below: a) Alignment monitor.
ter t e course as een rea uste to ater t e course as een rea uste to a
normal operating condition, its alignmentnormal operating condition, its alignment
should beshould be confirmedconfirmed..
Note: This procedure is after CourseNote: This procedure is after Course
Ali nment Accurac rocedure in SectionAli nment Accurac rocedure in Section44..33..2626
ICAO Seminar on Testing of Navigation and Surveillance Facilities and Validation of Flight ProcedureICAO Seminar on Testing of Navigation and Surveillance Facilities and Validation of Flight ProcedureBangkok,Bangkok, 55--77 AugustAugust 20092009
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Experience : CaseExperience : Case 11 -- Alignment MonitorAlignment Monitor
Procedure:Procedure: Park aircraft at RWY THR at C/LPark aircraft at RWY THR at C/L pera or recor ourse gnmen or as s own n ar ecor er or re erencepera or recor ourse gnmen or as s own n ar ecor er or re erence
Technician adjust LLZ to shift Course signal toTechnician adjust LLZ to shift Course signal to 9090Hz &Hz &150150Hz side until monitorHz side until monitor
alarms; Operator examine the shifted Course against tolerance limitalarms; Operator examine the shifted Course against tolerance limit
sa s ac ory, ec n c an resa s ac ory, ec n c an re--a us o s ourse o oppos e rec on una us o s ourse o oppos e rec on un
alarm; repeat the examination of shifted Course against tolerancealarm; repeat the examination of shifted Course against tolerance
If satisfactory, Operator record result in Chart RecorderIf satisfactory, Operator record result in Chart Recorder
--
Monitor Check procedureMonitor Check procedure
Finally, Operator confirm AlignmentFinally, Operator confirm Alignment
Possible issues arise from different interpretation of confirmPossible issues arise from different interpretation of confirm
Remain on ground at THR C/L and verify that Course DeviationRemain on ground at THR C/L and verify that Course Deviation
reading are not different; orreading are not different; or
Takeoff and repeat Course Alignment Accuracy again withTakeoff and repeat Course Alignment Accuracy again with
normal ILS approachnormal ILS approach
ICAO Seminar on Testing of Navigation and Surveillance Facilities and Validation of Flight ProcedureICAO Seminar on Testing of Navigation and Surveillance Facilities and Validation of Flight ProcedureBangkok,Bangkok, 55--77 AugustAugust 20092009
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Experience : CaseExperience : Case 22 -- 99609960 SubcarrierSubcarrier
SectionSection 22..33..1717
Modulation DVOR :Modulation DVOR :
22..33..1717 The modulation ofThe modulation of
thethe 3030 Hz reference,Hz reference, 3030 HzHzvaria e anvaria e an HzHz
subcarriersubcarriershould beshould be
measured during the flightmeasured during the flight
inspection. Note that the rolesinspection. Note that the roles
of the FM and AM signals areof the FM and AM signals are
reversed between the CVORreversed between the CVOR
and the DVOR.and the DVOR.
ICAO Seminar on Testing of Navigation and Surveillance Facilities and Validation of Flight ProcedureICAO Seminar on Testing of Navigation and Surveillance Facilities and Validation of Flight ProcedureBangkok,Bangkok, 55--77 AugustAugust 20092009
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Experience : CaseExperience : Case 22 99609960 SubcarrierSubcarrier
DocDoc 80718071 states Modulation ofstates Modulation of 99609960 Subcarrier to beSubcarrier to be 3030 22%%
Mod Level obtained by sampling reading at everyMod Level obtained by sampling reading at every 1010 around VOR around VOR Then ensure that average or mean value are withinThen ensure that average or mean value are within 3030 22% of each Transmitter% of each Transmitter
If Mean value is aboveIf Mean value is above 3030 22% VOR will be ad usted b Technician & re eat rocess% VOR will be ad usted b Technician & re eat rocess
If presence of surrounding obstacle may result in multipath ofIf presence of surrounding obstacle may result in multipath of99609960 Subcarrier si nal ma result in > or or < 3030 22% in% in somesome
Radial or Sector, while Mean Value is within toleranceRadial or Sector, while Mean Value is within tolerance e.g.e.g. 3434--3535% higher, or% higher, or 2424--2525% lower in particular Radial or Sector% lower in particular Radial or Sector
, ,, ,
Note:Note: 99609960 Subcarrier signal is a carrierSubcarrier signal is a carrier.. After going through the Discriminator, it becomesAfter going through the Discriminator, it becomes
3030Hz FM or Sine waveHz FM or Sine wave 3030Hz Reference. Therefore even ifHz Reference. Therefore even if 99609960 Subcarrier Level isSubcarrier Level is
changed to exceed its limit, circuit & system within facility also Limiter to preserve thechanged to exceed its limit, circuit & system within facility also Limiter to preserve the
amplitude at all time.amplitude at all time.
ICAO Seminar on Testing of Navigation and Surveillance Facilities and Validation of Flight ProcedureICAO Seminar on Testing of Navigation and Surveillance Facilities and Validation of Flight ProcedureBangkok,Bangkok, 55--77 AugustAugust 20092009
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Experience : CaseExperience : Case 33 -- 9595% Probability% Probability
SectionSection 22..33..1313
Rou hness and Scallo in andRou hness and Scallo in and
9595% probability (DVOR):% probability (DVOR):
22..33..1313 Scalloping is a cyclicScalloping is a cyclic
deviation of the course line. Thedeviation of the course line. The
frequency is high enough so that thefrequency is high enough so that the
deviation is avera ed out and will notdeviation is avera ed out and will not
cause aircraft displacement.cause aircraft displacement.
Roughness is a ragged irregularRoughness is a ragged irregular
..
deviations of the course due todeviations of the course due to
roughness, scalloping orroughness, scalloping or
com na ons ereo s ou nocom na ons ereo s ou no
exceedexceed 33..00" from the average course." from the average course.
ICAO Seminar on Testing of Navigation and Surveillance Facilities and Validation of Flight ProcedureICAO Seminar on Testing of Navigation and Surveillance Facilities and Validation of Flight ProcedureBangkok,Bangkok, 55--77 AugustAugust 20092009
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Experience : CaseExperience : Case 33 -- 9595% Probability% Probability
DocDoc 80718071 states Roughness and Scalloping Error to be no morestates Roughness and Scalloping Error to be no more
thanthan 33 from Average Course from Average Course
For VOR not situated in flat area, signal broadcasted reflectedFor VOR not situated in flat area, signal broadcasted reflected
from terrain of different heightfrom terrain of different height
Thus, it is normal for Roughness and Scalloping to be higher than recommended valueThus, it is normal for Roughness and Scalloping to be higher than recommended valuebut only in a very brief periodbut only in a very brief period
When comparing to aircraft speed, such brief excess of tolerance should not affect theWhen comparing to aircraft speed, such brief excess of tolerance should not affect the
flightflight maybe CDI needle deviating rapidly, or have Flag in View only very brieflymaybe CDI needle deviating rapidly, or have Flag in View only very briefly
Nonetheless, when it exceeds tolerance limit, it is necessary to follow reportingNonetheless, when it exceeds tolerance limit, it is necessary to follow reporting
procedure by specifying Restricted status in the particular area that is out of toleranceprocedure by specifying Restricted status in the particular area that is out of tolerance
In case of ILS, if Course / Path is out of tolerance in some period,In case of ILS, if Course / Path is out of tolerance in some period,
AnnexAnnex 1010 (Attachment C Figure C(Attachment C Figure C--22)) states that when evaluating statusstates that when evaluating status
(Restricted or not),(Restricted or not), 9595% Probability should be considered first% Probability should be considered first
For VORFor VOR nonnon--precision aidprecision aid-- 9595% Probability can be applied for% Probability can be applied for
VOR Course also?VOR Course also?
ICAO Seminar on Testing of Navigation and Surveillance Facilities and Validation of Flight ProcedureICAO Seminar on Testing of Navigation and Surveillance Facilities and Validation of Flight ProcedureBangkok,Bangkok, 55--77 AugustAugust 20092009
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Experience : CaseExperience : Case 44 -- UncertaintyUncertainty
DocDoc 80718071 states tolerance for recommended valuesstates tolerance for recommended values
Example: For ILS Cat I Alignment, Monitor must alarm for a shift inExample: For ILS Cat I Alignment, Monitor must alarm for a shift in
main course line from RWY C/L at or more thanmain course line from RWY C/L at or more than 1010..55 m at ILSm at ILSreference datumreference datum with uncertainty ofwith uncertainty of 22 mm
Monitor alarm atMonitor alarm at 99 mm acceptable?acceptable?
ICAO Seminar on Testing of Navigation and Surveillance Facilities and Validation of Flight ProcedureICAO Seminar on Testing of Navigation and Surveillance Facilities and Validation of Flight ProcedureBangkok,Bangkok, 55--77 AugustAugust 20092009
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THE ENDTHE END
QUESTIONS?QUESTIONS?
30